译林版2019选修四UNIT 2 预习 新知早知道1学案

Ⅰ．匹配词义

A．单词匹配

(　　)1．precisely　 A．n．反馈的意见(或信息)

(　　)2．tone B．adj．温柔的；温和的；柔和的

(　　)3．feedback C．adj．足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的

(　　)4．enterprise D．n．公司，企业；规划，事业

(　　)5．friction E．n．同情；赞同

(　　)6．obtain F．adv．准确地，恰好地；细心地；

 正是，确实

(　　)7．clarify G．n．争执；摩擦；摩擦力

(　　)8．sympathy H．n．语气，腔调；风格，特色

(　　)9．gentle I．vt．to get sth．，especially by

 making an effort

(　　)10．competent J．vt．to make sth．clearer or

 easier to understand

[答案]　1—5　FHADG　6—10　IJEBC

B．短语匹配

(　　)1．face to face　 A．继续做；继续前进

(　　)2．in response B．赞成，赞同

(　　)3．refer to C．使某人忙于……

(　　)4．depend on D．面对面

(　　)5．negotiate with E．回答，回应

(　　)6．move on F．是……的说明(或原因)；

 (数量上、比例上)占

(　　)7．put yourself in sb．'s shoes

 G．指的是

(　　)8．account for sth． H．同……协商

(　　)9．approve of I．取决于；依靠；依赖

(　　)10．engage sb．in．．． J．处于某人的境地，设身处地

[答案]　1—5　DEGIH　6—10　AJFBC

Ⅱ．默写单词

1．react vi．　 (对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；

 起化学反应

2．suit vt． 满足需要；相配，合身

      n． 套装，西装，西服

3．straightforward adj． 坦诚的；简单的

4．fold vt． 折叠，对折；包，裹

       n． 褶，褶层，折叠部分

5．clarify vt． 使更清晰易懂，阐明

6．knowledgeable adj． 博学的，有见识的

7．gain vt．&vi． 获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益

　　        n． 好处，利益

8．approve vi．&vt． 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)

9．mail n． 电子邮件；邮政；邮件

10．gesture n． 手势，姿势；姿态，表示

     vi．&vt． 做手势，用手势表示

Ⅰ．语境填空

mail；gentle；tone；gain；obtain；straightforward；friction；enterprise；fold；feedback

1．There's no need to take that tone with me—it's not my fault for being late．

2．The force of friction slows the spacecraft down as it re­enters the earth's atmosphere．

3．He folded the map up and put it in his pocket．

4．I was impressed by his straightforward intelligent manner．

5．He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise．

6．The gentle touch of his hand on her shoulder made her jump．

7．We need both positive and negative feedback from our customers．

8．The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends．

9．He asked his mother to send it by mail．

10．The country gained its independence ten years ago．

Ⅱ．语法填空之派生词

1．He stood out in terms of competence(competent) from all his fellows．

2．I don't have anything suitable(suit) to wear for the party．

3．The rent is a matter for negotiation(negotiate) between the landlord and the tenant．

4．You need to make some clarification(clarify) for this question．

5．We had a knowledgeable(knowledge) guide in the person of George Adams．

6．She desperately wanted to win her father's approval(approve)．

7．I must tell you how much I sympathize(sympathy) with you for your loss，Professor．

1．They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend，especially if accompanied by a gentle smile．

它们(这两个词)可以解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候，特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。

2．Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them．

我们所交流的许多东西，不仅取决于我们使用的单词，还取决于我们如何使用它们。

3．In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to as feedback．

作为响应，接收者将编码消息发送回去，该消息称为反馈。

4．Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co­worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation．

根据你是否正在与陌生人、朋友、家人或同事沟通，你需要决定哪一个沟通渠道最适合这种情况。

5．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction．

微笑表明你对正在被讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。

名师圈点

①react vi．(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应

②interpret v．理解；解释

③greeting n．问候；致意；打招呼

④accompany vt．陪伴；陪同；伴奏

⑤gentle adj．温柔的；温和的；柔和的

gently adv．温柔地；温和地；柔和地

⑥function v．起作用；运转 n．作用，功能

⑦dependent adj．依赖的，依靠的；取决于……的

⑧encode vt．把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)

⑨face to face 面对面

⑩mail n．电子邮件；邮政；邮件

⑪decode vt．解(码)，破译(尤指密码)

⑫in response作为回应

⑬refer to指的是

⑭feedback n．反馈的意见(或信息)

⑮original adj．起初的；原来的

⑯patience n．耐心；忍耐；忍耐力

⑰competent adj．足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的

⑱accomplish vt．完成；达到

⑲expectation n．预料；期待；盼望

⑳background n．背景

obtain vt．获得，赢得

depend on取决于；信任；信赖

suit vt．满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服

furthermore adv．再者；而且

appropriate adj．合适的；恰当的

negotiate vi．&vt．谈判；商定，达成(协议)

enterprise n．公司，企业；规划，事业

straightforward adj．坦诚的；简单的

equally adv．相等地；平等地

reveal vt．揭露；透露；发行

attentive adj．注意的；专心的；留意的

fold vt．折叠，对折；包，裹 n．褶，褶层，折叠部分

indicate vt．表明；暗示

friction n．争执；摩擦

additionally adv．另外；附加

clue n．线索

adjust v．调整；使适应

confused adj．迷惑的；不解的

clarify vt．使更清晰易懂，阐明

knowledgeable adj．博学的，有见识的

vital adj．重要的；生死攸关的

empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情

put yourself in sb．'s shoes处于某人的境地，设身处地

perspective n．观点；态度

engage v．雇用；聘用；吸引住

sympathy n．同情；赞同

complicated adj．复杂的；混乱的；麻烦的

account for sth．是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占

empathize vi．有同感，产生共鸣

approve vi．&vt．赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)

tone n．语气，腔调；风格，特色

interaction n．互动；相互影响

gain vt．& vi．获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益

原文呈现

Effective communication

If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room，how would you react①？ Just these two words can carry a lot of information．They could be interpreted② as a welcoming greeting③ from a close friend，especially if accompanied④ by a gentle⑤ smile．【1】 When spoken by a stranger，they can function⑥ as a means of attracting your attention．Much of what we communicate is dependent⑦ not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them．So，let's look a little deeper into the topic of communication．

【1】这是一个省略句，accompanied前省略了they are。

Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver．The sender encodes⑧ a message and sends it face to face⑨，or through video，telephone，mail⑩ or social media．This message is then received and decoded⑪ by the receiver．In response⑫，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to⑬ as feedback⑭．【2】 This feedback is decoded by the original⑮ sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating．

【2】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰message。

This communication process can be challenging but，with practice and patience⑯，you can become a highly competent⑰ communicator．To accomplish⑱ this，you need to know with whom you are communicating．【3】 What is their age or position? What is their relationship with you? What expectations⑲ and cultural backgrounds⑳ do they have? Once you have obtained㉑ this information，you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them．Depending on㉒ whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co­worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits㉓ the situation．Furthermore㉔，you will need to determine the appropriate㉕ style to use and how complex your choice of words should be．For example，if you are a business person negotiating㉖ with a large enterprise㉗ about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward㉘ manner．

【3】不定式作目的状语。

Your body language is equally㉙ important，since it reveals㉚ a lot about your thoughts and attitudes．【4】 Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver．A smile shows you are attentive㉛ to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded㉜ can indicate㉝ disinterest and create distrust or friction㉞．Additionally㉟，you should not ignore the other person's body language，which will give you clues㊱ as to whether the conversation is going well or not．【5】 When you notice a change in the other person's body language，you should adjust㊲ how you are communicating accordingly．If someone looks at you with a confused㊳ expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point．【6】 Then you will need to clarify㊴ your message before moving on．

【4】since引导原因状语从句。

【5】which引导定语从句，修饰body language。

【6】that引导宾语从句。

While being knowledgeable㊵ about body language is vital㊶【7】，the value of empathy㊷ should not be understated．Seek to understand the other person's emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes㊸ and looking at the situation from their perspective㊹．Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner，who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive．To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective，you may express your sympathy㊻by，for instance，saying，“I understand how you feel．．．” However，some issues may be complicated㊼and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do．【8】Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for㊽their emotions and empathize㊾with them．You may not approve㊿of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from，which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly．

【7】while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”“尽管”。

【8】they do是定语从句，修饰the way。

Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others．Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive．So，get practising and good luck！

译文参考

有效交流

如果你听到有人从房间对面喊“嘿，你！”，你会怎么反应？只有这两个词也能承载很多信息。它们(这两个词)可以解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候，特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。当陌生人说话时，它们可以作为吸引你注意力的一种手段。我们所交流的许多东西，不仅取决于我们使用的单词，还取决于我们如何使用它们。所以，让我们深入探讨一下交流这个话题。

交流是发送方和接收方之间的交换信息的过程。发送者编码一条消息，并通过面对面发送，或者通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体发送。然后，接收者接收并解码该消息。作为响应，接收者将编码消息发送回去，该消息称为反馈。此反馈由原始发送者解码，整个循环周期自我重复，直到他们完成交流。

这个交流过程可能是挑战性的，但是，通过实践和耐心，你可以成为一个高度胜任的沟通者。要实现这一点，你需要知道你正在与谁沟通。他们的年龄或职位是什么？他们和你有什么关系？他们有什么期望和文化背景？一旦你获得了这些信息，你就可以使用它来确定如何最好地与他们沟通。根据你是否正在与陌生人、朋友、家人或同事沟通，你需要决定哪一个沟通渠道最适合这种情况。此外，您还需要确定使用的适当方式以及您选择的单词应该有多复杂。例如，如果你是一个商人，正在与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地，用正式的语言，以直截了当的方式进行沟通。

你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它揭示了很多你的思想和态度。确保它清楚地支持您想要传递的消息。微笑表明你对正在被讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。另外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，它会给你线索，说明谈话是否顺利。当你注意到对方的肢体语言发生变化时，你应该相应地调整你的沟通方式。如果有人用一种困惑的表情看着你，这可能表明他们还没有完全理解你的观点。那么你需要在继续交流之前阐明你的信息。

虽然对肢体语言的了解是至关重要的，同感的价值也不应该被低估。通过设身处地从对方的角度看问题来试着理解对方的情绪。假设你正在和你的搭档讨论一个项目，他刚刚输掉了一场重要的篮球比赛，而且不积极。为了让他或她参与讨论并使你们的交流更有效，你可以表达你的同情，例如说，“我理解你的感受……”然而，有些问题可能很复杂，你可能会对其他人的感受感到困惑。只有当你认真考虑他们的观点时，你才能了解他们的情绪原因，并对他们产生共鸣。你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。

有效的沟通将使你能够恰当地处理差异和分歧，并改善你与他人的互动。良好的沟通技巧也将帮助你建立信任，赢得尊重，让人际关系变得更加积极和富有成效。所以，开始练习吧，祝你好运！