专题04 动词和动词短语-五年(2018-2022)高考英语真题分项汇编
展开A. made up frB. run ut f
C. kept away frmD. gt dwn t
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我想包饺子,但发现我的面粉用完了,所以我出去买了一些。A. made up fr弥补;B. run ut f用完,用尽;C. kept away frm远离,回避;D. gt dwn t开始认真做。结合句意,此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
2(2021天津卷6月考试) Althugh a few have cme and gne, the restaurant's regular custmers have________ the same fr nearly 40 years.
A. stayedB. turnedC. grwnD. gt
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意:虽然有一些人来了又走了,但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持;B.turned变成(某种颜色);C.grwn变得;D.gt变成。根据“the restaurant's regular custmers”以及“the same fr nearly 40 years”可知,这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”,表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
3(2021天津卷6月考试) My brther and I are exactly ne year apart. We lk like twins, but we are cmpletely different . By the time we gt t middle schl it was clear that my lder brther ____1____ meditatin (冥想),while I was a brn perfrmer wh preferred the theatrical, even when ff stage. I tk his relative silence t be ffensive. We simply didn't ____2____.
1. A. dislikedB. preferredC. replacedD. abandned
2 A. get alngB. drp byC. shw ffD. check in
答案:1. B 2 A
解析1:考查动词词义辨析。句意:到我们上中学的时候,很明显,我哥哥更喜欢冥想,而我是一个天生的表演者,喜欢戏剧,即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢;B. preferred更喜欢;C. replaced取代;D. abandned抛弃,放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a brn ________ wh preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应,可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。
解析2:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们就是合不来。A. get alng相处,进展;B. drp by顺便拜访;C. shw ff炫耀;D. check in登记,报到。根据上句“I tk his relative silence t be ffensive.”及下文“a tense relatinship with my brther”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同,作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯,可知两人相处地不好,关系紧张。故选A。
4(2021天津卷第一次考试)Henry David Threau was happy t ________ frm scial life, seeking a harmnius relatinship with nature in the quietness f his life.
A.judgeB.differC.withdrawD.benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断;B. differ不同;C. withdraw抽身,撤退;D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmnius relatinship with nature in the quietness f his life”可知Henry David Threau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系,所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,withdraw frm“离开”。故选C。
5(2021天津卷第一次考试)With that thught in mind, Pruitt 1 a plan and psted it n the cmmunity website. He 2 t fix bikes free f charge fr anyne wh needed it. He als asked fr unwanted bikes, which he wuld repair-again fr free. And then he wuld dnate them t flks wh culd truly use them but didn't have the budget t buy ne.
1.A.came up withB.stuck tC.gave upD.brke away frm
2.A.rememberedB.refusedC.hesitatedD.ffered
答案:1.A 1.D
解析1:考查动词短语辨析。句意:带着这个想法,Pruitt想出了一个计划,并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出;B. stuck t坚持;C. gave up放弃;D. brke away frm突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and psted it n the cmmunity website”指想出了一个计划,cme up with符合语境。故选A。
解析2:考查动词词义辨析。句意:他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得;B. refused拒绝;C. hesitated犹豫;D. ffered提议。结合后文“t fix bikes free f charge fr anyne wh needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车,ffer t d sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
6(2020·江苏卷)There will still be lts f challenges if we are t _____ garbage in a shrt time.
A. clarifyB. justify
C. satisfyD. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类,仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清;B. justify证明;C. satisfy 满足;D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知,此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
7(2020·江苏卷)The speed f 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generatin f virtual reality.
A. allwing frB. accunting fr
C. calling frD. cmpensating fr
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s,使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allwing fr使……成为可能,促进……的发生;B. accunting fr解释;C. calling fr需要,要求;呼吁;D. cmpensating fr补偿。根据空前The speed f 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知,125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
8(2020·天津卷)I never wrried abut my sn while I was away because my mther ______ him.
A.drank a tast tB.played a jke n
C.kept an eye nD.made an aplgy t
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子,因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a tast t为……干杯;B. played a jke n开……的玩笑;C. kept an eye n照看,留意,密切注视;D. made an aplgy t向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子,所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境,故选C。
9(2020·天津卷)We ffered t give Sharn a ride hme, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understdB.accepted
C.cmprmisedD.declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharn回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understd 理解;B. accepted接受;C. cmprmised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知,Sharn想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
10(2020·天津卷)We can’t ______ buying a new printer fr ur cmpany. The ne we have desn’t wrk.
A.take upB.carry ut
C.keep nD.put ff
答案:D
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据;B. carry ut实施;C. keep n 继续;D. put ff推迟。根据“the ne we have desn’t wrk”可知,我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以,我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
11(2019·江苏卷)A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resemblingB. reflecting
C. reviewingD. restring
答案:B
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像;reflecting反映;reviewing回顾;restring恢复,根据题意,故选B。
12(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man's vice in the backgrund, but she culdn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set asideB. take back
C. make utD. keep ff
答案:C
解析:考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储,留出”; take back“收回,拿回”;make ut“辨认出,理解,了解”; keep ff“(使)避开”。故选C。
13(2018·天津)It tk him a lng time t___________ the skills he needed t becme a gd dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
答案:B
解析:考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示;B. acquire获得;C. teach教;D. test测试。故选B。
14(2018·天津)At first Rbert wuldn't let his daughter g diving, but eventually he___________ as she was s cnfidence abut her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. brke in D. turned up
答案:A
解析:考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服,让步;B. dressed up打扮;C. brke in闯入;打断;D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was s cnfident abut her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选A。
15(2018·江苏)Develping the Yangtze River Ecnmic Belt is a systematic prject which _______ a clear rad map and timetable.
A. calls fr B. calls n
C. calls ff D. calls up
答案:A
解析:考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls fr需要;B. calls n号召;C. calls ff取消;D. calls up使想起。故选A。
16(2018·江苏)Kids shuldn’t have access t vilent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innvate
答案:C
解析:考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:孩子不应该接触暴力电影,因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示;B. investigate调查;C. imitate模仿;D. innvate改革。故选C。
17(2017·天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brwn wuld like t see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled dwn B. keep ff
C. get up D. cut in
答案:A
解析:句意:布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来,结婚生子。A. 安顿下来;B. 远离;C.起床;D. 插嘴。根据句意,故选A。
18(2017·江苏卷)A quick review f successes and failures at the end f year will help _______ yur year ahead.
A. shape B. switch
C. stretch D. sharpen
答案:A
解析:考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造,决定……的形成,影响……的发展;B. switch转变,交换,
调班;C. stretch拉长,拉紧,伸展,伸长,延伸消耗;D. sharpen提高,使尖锐,变得清晰。句意:快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
19(2017· 江苏)Wrking with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a dctr.
A. held ut B. brught ut
C. picked ut D. given ut
答案:B
解析:考查动词短语辨析。held ut坚持;提供机会;伸出手;B. brught ut使显现,阐明,出版;
C.picked ut使容易看见,找出精心挑选,认出来;D. given ut用完,停止运行,分发,发出,公布。句
意:在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意,故选B。
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