2022年江苏省南通市海安市中考英语模拟试卷

这是一份2022年江苏省南通市海安市中考英语模拟试卷，共72页。试卷主要包含了单项选择，完形填空，阅读理解，词汇A.请根据括号中的中文提示等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022年江苏省南通市海安市中考英语模拟试卷
一、单项选择
1．（2022•海安市模拟）As we all know，schools and families play_________important role in teaching students about_________value of working hard.（　　）
A．an；/ B．the；/ C．an；the D．the；the
2．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣ I'm worried about the senior school entrance exam.
﹣ Work hard and be confident，_________ your dream will come true.（　　）
A．and B．or C．but D．so
3．（2022•海安市模拟）The BBC documentary Du Fu：China's Greatest Poet_________Du to William Shakespeare，one of the greatest writers of the West.（　　）
A．considers B．connects C．compares D．complains
4．（2022•海安市模拟）Mr Smith took a flight_________to New York from Hong Kong，without stopping in another city.（　　）
A．bravely B．directly C．quietly D．simply
5．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Look!The man who is playing basketball with the boys must be Mr Wang.
﹣It_________be him.He went abroad for further study yesterday.（　　）
A．needn't B．may not C．can't D．mustn't
6．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Has your aunt come back from New York？
﹣Yes.She_________there for three months to help people there fight against the flu.（　　）
A．has stayed B．stays C．stayed D．will stay
7．（2022•海安市模拟）____ ourselves safe from danger，we should wear helmets when riding electronic bikes.（　　）
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept
8．（2022•海安市模拟）Daniel will succeed in working out the Maths problem_______he gives up.（　　）
A．until B．unless C．because D．though
9．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Have you decided________？﹣Yes.I will go there in August.（　　）
A．how you will go to Beijing this summer holiday
B．when you would go to Beijing with your parents
C．who you will go to Beijing with this summer holiday
D．when you will go to Beijing for a visit with your parents
10．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Many people say the temperature in East China this spring is just like a roller coaster.
﹣________.What changeable weather!（　　）
A．Not exactly B．I'm afraid not
C．I can't agree more D．That's not the case
二、完形填空
11．（2022•海安市模拟）In an English class
Mr Wu：Boys and girls，yesterday I asked you to collect some information about China' s Tianwen 1 probe.Let's see what you've（1）　 　.
Li Ping：I downloaded something.May I use the PPT，Mr Wu？
Mr Wu：Sure.（2）　 　.
Li Ping：Look at this picture.On May 15，China's Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars!Following the US，China is now the（3）　 　country in the world to（4）　 　land a probe on Mars.It will give Chinese（5）　 　their first chance to study the Red Planet closely.
Gu Yue：（6）　 　was Tianwen 1 probe sent？
Li Ping：In July 2020.The probe entered Mars orbit轨道 in February 2021.Experts said the（7）　 　of sending the probe into orbit was equal to hitting a small ball from Paris and landing it in a hole in Tokyo.And the final（8）　 　was even more difficult.
He Mei：I hear it's（9）　 　called the "nine minutes of terror".
Li Ping：Yes.In nine minutes，the probe had to reduce its（10）　 　from 20，000 km per hour to zero，landing from 125 km above Mars.（11）　 　the probe is 320 million km away from Earth，there is a signal delay（延迟 ）of over 10 minutes if the research team tries to control it from Earth.So the probe had to（12）　 　the landing on its own!
Gu Yue：That's amazing!
Li Ping：Indeed.When the probe finally slowed down，at 100 meters above Mars，it stayed in the air and（13）　 　the landing area.It had to move away from the objects in its way such as rocks，（14）　 　finally touching down.
Mr Wu：Well done Li Ping!Thank you for showing our（15）　 　Tianwen 1 probe.Let's see who has something else to share...

（1）A.realized
B.found
C.understood
D.met
（2）A.Better not
B.Not at all
C.Go ahead
D.With pleasure
（3）A.first
B.second
C.third
D.fourth
（4）A.successfully
B.carefully
C.specially
D.peacefully
（5）A.inventors
B.fighter
C.passengers
D.scientists
（6）A.When
B.Where
C.How
D.Why
（7）A.possibility
B.gravity
C.difficulty
D.safety
（8）A.kicking
B.hitting
C.sending
D.landing
（9）A.still
B.instead
C.ever
D.also
（10）A.speed
B.height
C.weight
D.length
（11）A.Though
B.Until
C.Unless
D.As
（12）A.put out
B.carry out
C.run out
D.look out
（13）A.checked
B.covered
C.protected
D.avoided
（14）A.while
B.once
C.before
D.after
（15）A.lucky
B.comfortable
C.fantastic
D.energetic
三、阅读理解
12．（2022•海安市模拟）Imagine you are in Africa.Suddenly，a group of spots streaks past you.What was it？It may have been a cheetah，the fastest animal on land.It can run up to 70 miles per hour，which is faster than most cars moving on the highway!
In many ways，the cheetah is built for speed.Even though this animal is a cat，its paws are much more like a dog's paws.The paws allow the cheetah to make quick turns.A cheetah also has long legs that help it take big steps.It can jump as far as 20 feet in one leap!Even the cheetah's backbone helps it move quickly.The backbone acts as a spring （弹簧），moving the cheetah forward with sudden burst （迸发）of energy.Although the cheetah can run fast，it cannot run for long distance.It uses its energy quickly and becomes tired.If the cheetah cannot catch its dinner in a hurry，it will have to rest a while before trying again.
A cheetah is also made to be a great hunter.It has sharp eyesight.A cheetah can see other animals up to three miles away.Good eyesight helps the cheetah find its prey so it can plan an attack.A cheetah's coat is also very useful.The coat is light brown with black spots.It allows a cheetah to hide in the tall，brown grass in Africa.Other animals do not see it hiding，so a cheetah can get close to rabbits，birds，and other animals quietly.
Today the cheetah is in danger.Parts of Africa are being turned into farms.This change forces the cheetah and other animals to find new places to live，which is not always easy.Cheetahs are also being hunted by other animals such as lions and hyenas.However，zookeepers and wildlife experts are trying to save the cheetah.Maybe with their help，cheetahs will grow larger in number.

（1）Suddenly，a group of spots streaks past you. "streaks" means " 　 　".
A.searches for food
B.gets close quietly
C.moves with great speed
D.plans a sudden attack
（2）The cheetah's coat is MOST useful because it 　 　.
A.protects the cheetah from the sun
B.helps the cheetah hide in the grass
C.keeps the cheetah cool after a long run
D.lets the cheetah move with great speed
（3）Read this chart

The chart shows some information from the article.Which can be put in the empty box？ 　 　
A.Cheetahs hide in the tall，brown grass.
B.People in Africa hunt lions and hyenas.
C.Wildlife experts send cheetahs to the zoo.
D.The number of cheetahs becomes smaller.
（4）"Speedy and Spotty" is a good title for the article because 　 　.
A.It gives the names of two cheetahs.
B.It catches the readers' attention.
C.It explains how cheetahs act in the wild.
D.It describes two facts about cheetahs.
13．（2022•海安市模拟）Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th Academy Awards in Hollywood，California February 24，2013.
Life of Pi shows a young Indian named Pi，who finds the world he knows swept away when his family sells their zoo and sets sail for Canada with a few animals.Only Pi escapes from the storm and floats in a lifeboat with a giant Bengal tiger.
"I really want to thank you for believing this story and sharing this unbelievable journey with me，" Lee said in his speech.The film also won three other Oscars，for best original music，best cinematography（电影艺术） and best visual（视觉） effects.It won more awards than Lincoln and Argo which were also among the hottest nominees.
Coming from China's Taiwan，the 58﹣year﹣old Lee won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 2001 for Crouching Tiger，Hidden Dragon and another for Best Director in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain.He is the only person of Asian to win the directing award and one of the rare people who won that award more than once.
In an after﹣ceremony interview，Lee said he believed Asian films would come to the main stage of the world sooner or later. "I was born in Asia and grew up with Chinese education.It is natural for me to put Asian thinking into Western things." The film，which cost 120 million U.S.dollars，has earned nearly 600 million dollars worldwide.Lee said most of the earnings came from outside China.Lee said he felt warm that he won the award on the day of the Lantern Festival，a Chinese traditional festival on which families get together to solve puzzles on lanterns and eat Tang Yuan.He wished everyone a happy new year of the snake and everybody gets lucky.

（1）What kind of film does Life of Pi belong to？ 　 　
A．Comedies.
B．Tragedies.
C．Detective films.
D．Adventure films.
（2）So far，how many Oscar directing awards has Ang Lee won？ 　 　
A．One.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
（3）How do Chinese people celebrate the Lantern Festival？ 　 　
A．Families get together and have rice dumplings.
B．Children make lanterns out of big orange pumpkins.
C．People solve puzzles on lanterns and enjoy Tang Yuan.
D．Children go to the display of lanterns and receive red packets.
（4）What can we know from the passage？ 　 　
A．The 85th Academy Awards was held in Hollywood，California this year.
B．Pi was a young American who had an adventure trip with a tiger in India.
C．Lincoln and Argo won more awards than Life of Pi.
D．Asian films have come to the main stage of the world.
（5）Which of the following about Life of Pi is true？ 　 　
A．It was a great success as it won four Oscars.
B．It earned nearly 600 million dollars in China.
C．It describes Pi's escape from a terrible earthquake.
D．It is the only successful film Ang Lee has ever made.
14．（2022•海安市模拟）（an extract from a detective story）
…
That evening Holmes again wore different clothes，and a large，black hat.But it was not just the clothes that were different.He changed his face，his hair—everything.He was a different man.
We walked together to Serpentine Avenue.Outside the house there were a lot of people who were smoking，laughing and talking.Holmes and I walked up and down in front of the house.
"You see，" said Holmes to me， "I don't think she wants her new husband to see the photo.But where is it？At her bank？No.Such a woman likes to keep important things herself.I'm sure it's in her house."
"But the King's men tried to find it，" I said.
"Yes，but they didn't know where to look for it!" said Holmes.
"But how will you know？" l asked.
"She'll show me.She'll have to."
Just then Irene's taxi arrived.One of the men in the street ran to open the door，and then another man pushed him.Other men were also pushing and shouting，and a fight began.Irene was in the middle of it，but Holmes ran to help her.Then suddenly he fell to the ground，with blood running down his face.Irene hurried to her front door，but she looked back. "How kind of him to help me!Is the poor man hurt？" she called.
"He's dead，" cried some voices.
"No，he's only hurt，" cried others.
"Bring him into the living room，" she said.
Some people carried Holmes into the house.I waited outside the window and watched.I saw how beautiful Irene was.Then Holmes put up his hand，and I threw the smoke﹣stick into the room.At once，the people in the street and in the house all began to shout "Fire!" very loudly.The house was full of smoke.I walked away，and ten minutes later Holmes came to meet me.
"Well done，Watson，" he said.
"Have you got the photo？" I asked.
"I know where it is.She showed me." he answered.
"But why did she show you？"
"It's easy，" he said，and laughed. "You saw all those people in the street？I paid them to help us.It wasn't a real fight and the blood wasn't real.When people shout "Fire!"，a woman runs to the most important thing in her house，her baby，her gold，or…a photo.Irene ran to find her photo which is in a cupboard in the living room.I saw it.But I did not take it.Tomorrow we will go to the palace and tell it to the King first.And then we will go to her house with the King.We'll go very early，before she gets up.The King himself can take the photo from the cupboard.And then well go."

（1）How many main characters appeared at the scene？ 　 　
A.Two.
B.Three.
C.Four.
D.Five.
（2）At first，Holmes changed his clothes in order to 　 　.
A.hide his real looks
B.take a taxi easily
C.make him smarter
D.catch Irene's attention
（3）What can we know about the photo？ 　 　
A.It was locked at Irene's bank and nobody knew.
B.It was important and hidden somewhere carefully.
C.The king put it in the palace's cupboard secretly.
D.The king asked Holmes to burn it at Irene's home.
（4）What is the correct order of the following sentences？ 　 　
a.Holmes changed his looks.
b.Holmes helped Irene.
c.Watson threw the smoke﹣stick.
d.Irene ran to the cupboard.
e.Holmes paid a lot of men.
A.a﹣b﹣c﹣d﹣e
B.a﹣c﹣d﹣e﹣b
C.e﹣a﹣b﹣c﹣d
D.e﹣c﹣d﹣b﹣a
（5）The story is mainly about 　 　.
A.where Irene hid the photo
B.how Holmes found the photo
C.why people fought for the photo
D.when the king wanted the photo
15．（2022•海安市模拟）There is no doubt that artificial intelligence （AI，人工智能）has changed our life，and continues to do so.Earlier this month，there were many AI technologies at Baidu World 2020，the leading tech company's annual technology meeting.
Fully autonomous （自动的） driving
Baidu has trained an "experienced AI driver".It's a driving system that can operate without a human driver.The company said that its autonomous cars have gone through six million kilometers of road tests，carried 100，000 passengers across 27 cities in the world，and had zero accidents.A 5 G remote driving service，which was also shown at the event，allows humans to remotely control these cars in case of emergencies.
Virtual （虚拟的） people
"Xiao Li" and "Xiao Kang" are virtual ones of Li Yanhong，chairman and CEO of Baidu，and Kang Hui，a CCTV host.The latest Baidu Brain 6.0，a global leading open AI platform，is the driving force behind the virtual people.
Xiao Li and Xiao Kang are created after the two men in appearance，movement and voice.They are also programmed with the two men's knowledge and memories.
"The virtual people with Baidu Brain Al technology include vision （视觉），voice，language and knowledge， " said Wang Haifeng，the CTO of Baidu，at the conference.
_____________
Baidu also launched （发布） the Duxiaoxiao virtual assistant app.Duxiaoxiao provides users with a range of information services on your mobile phones and helps to solve questions in everyday life.Over time，the app will change to suit each user's needs based on his or her habits.For example，Duxiaoxiao will give different feedback （反馈） to a question by taking users' personalities and hobbies into consideration.

（1）What can we learn from this passage？ 　 　
A．Baidu's fully autonomous cars will be completely safe.
B．Virtual people are the driving force of the latest Baidu Brain 6.0.
C．"Xiao Li" probably looks like the same as the CEO of Baidu company.
D．Duxiaoxiao is another kind of virtual people created after a famous person.
（2）Which of the following is suitable for the blank？ 　 　
A．Baidu mobile phones
B．Virtual assistant app
C．Search product
D．Artificial intelligence
（3）Where is this passage probably from？ 　 　
A．A fashion magazine.
B．A guidebook to shopping.
C．A science story book.
D．A technology website.
四、词汇A.请根据括号中的中文提示、英文释义或句意，写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。
16．（2022•海安市模拟）Since you have got a 　 　（发烧），you'd better go to see the doctor at once.
17．（2022•海安市模拟）We must be careful and protect ourselves well，for COVID﹣19 hasn't 　 　 （完全地） disappeared in our country.
18．（2022•海安市模拟）Mum found her little son 　 　（without anybody else）in his bedroom，trying to make his bed.
19．（2022•海安市模拟）I 　 　（think or believe something is possible） it is the traditional Chinese culture on her video that attracts the world.
20．（2022•海安市模拟）Australian seasons are the 　 　of ours，so when it is summer in China，it is winter in Australia.
六、请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
22．（2022•海安市模拟）write not be play fix rise

（1）The price of the houses in Nantong 　 　 a lot over the past two years.
（2）—Where is your uncle，Ellen？
—He 　 　 my bike in the garden.
（3）—It's 1：00.pm.Have you finished writing your reading report？
—No，not yet.But I 　 　 it the whole morning.
（4）— 　 　 you 　 　 computer games this weekend？
—No，I'm not.I won't play them until the senior school entrance exam is over.
（5）—Mrs Smith has gone to Nanjing for a meeting.
—You mean she 　 　 in her office now？
五、请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
21．（2022•海安市模拟）invent rapid they eight safe
（1）My grandmother is nearly 100 years old.She can't walk upstairs to the 　 　floor of the building.
（2）Though the flu is very dangerous to humans，the doctor doesn't seem worried about his own 　 　.
（3）The housework is too tiring，so I would like to own a robot similar to 　 　.
（4）We feel proud that Nantong has developed 　 　these years than before.
（5）We all know that Edison was one of the greatest 　 　in the world.
五、句型转换
23．（2022•海安市模拟）The population of Canada is more than 86 million.（对画线部分提问）
　 　　 　the population of Canada？
24．（2022•海安市模拟）Many people are very generous.They donate lots of money to people in Wuhan. （合并为一句）
　 　very generous 　 　many people to donate lots of money to people in Wuhan.
25．（2022•海安市模拟）The students were too tired to stay awake in class.（保持句意基本不变）
The students were 　 　tired that they 　 　stay awake in class.
26．（2019•南通）Suzy didn't know when she would take a boat trip on the lake．（保持句意基本不变）
Suzy didn't know 　 　　 　 take a boat trip on the lake．
27．（2022•海安市模拟）Did you hear those old ladies singing in the square just now？（改为被动语态）
　 　those old ladies 　 　singing in the square just now？
六、首字母
28．（2022•海安市模拟）The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said， "Every child is an artist.The problem he has is how to（1）r 　 　an artist once he grows up."
This is both encouraging and discouraging.The fact that we were all born to be artists is certainly （2）e 　 　，and yet the reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many of us have failed.
Fortunately，some people have seen the problem and want to（3）s 　 　it.
Western educators have suggested that we introduce the concept of "STEAM"（4）i 　 　of "STEM" — traditional "core majors" including science，technology，engineering，and math — since the "A"，which stands for "arts"，is just as important.
And on April 11，China's Ministry of Education issued a guideline.Colleges and universities are（5）r 　 　to provide more art﹣related courses and students need to earn a certain number of art credits in order to graduate.
These efforts came after many scientific studies had found that art education helps students（6）d 　 　self﹣confidence and teamwork skills，as well as habits of mind such as problem solving and critical thinking，（7）a 　 　to The Washington Post.
It's true that none of these skills target specific jobs.But as former US ballet dancer Damian Woetzel told The Atlantic，the（8）p 　 　of art is "to give kids the tools to become adults who are creative，adaptable，and expressive — capable of having their eyes and ears and senses alive".
And we can now see how we lost track of our born "artist self" on our（9）w 　 　to growing up：We failed to keep our capabilities to see，hear and feel，and became blind，deaf and insensitive adults.Hopefully，art education can help（10）t 　 　things around.

2022年江苏省南通市海安市中考英语模拟试卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、单项选择
1．（2022•海安市模拟）As we all know，schools and families play_________important role in teaching students about_________value of working hard.（　　）
A．an；/ B．the；/ C．an；the D．the；the
【考点】冠词的用法辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】众所周知，学校和家庭在教育学生努力学习的价值方面发挥着重要作用。
【解答】第一个空表示泛指"一个"，important开头发音为元音音素，故前面用an；空二名词后有介词短语修饰，是表示特指，应用the。
故选：C。
【点评】本题考查冠词。只是表示"一个"，用a或an，a和an的区别要看其后单词的发音。表示特指，用the。
2．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣ I'm worried about the senior school entrance exam.
﹣ Work hard and be confident，_________ your dream will come true.（　　）
A．and B．or C．but D．so
【考点】连词辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣我担心高中入学考试。
﹣﹣努力学习，充满信心，然后你的梦想就会实现。
【解答】and和、然后；or或者、否则；but但是；so所以。根据Work hard and be confident，...your dream will come true"努力学习，充满信心，......你的梦想就会实现"可知，表示递进或承接，用and。
故选：A。
【点评】连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系，要结合语境，选择合适连词用法。
3．（2022•海安市模拟）The BBC documentary Du Fu：China's Greatest Poet_________Du to William Shakespeare，one of the greatest writers of the West.（　　）
A．considers B．connects C．compares D．complains
【考点】动词词义辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】BBC纪录片《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》将杜甫比作西方最伟大的作家之一莎士比亚。
【解答】A.认为；B.连接；C.比较；D.抱怨。根据句意可知，这里是拿两位诗人比较，用comapre。
故选：C。
【点评】作答此类试题，首先要判断各个选项的汉语意思，然后结合句意选择恰当的一项。
4．（2022•海安市模拟）Mr Smith took a flight_________to New York from Hong Kong，without stopping in another city.（　　）
A．bravely B．directly C．quietly D．simply
【考点】副词的词义辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】史密斯先生从香港坐飞机直飞纽约，没有在其他城市停留。
【解答】bravely"勇敢地"；directly"直接地"；quietly"安静地"；simply"简单地"。根据"without stopping in another city"可知史密斯先生从香港坐飞机直飞纽约，没有在其他城市停留。
故选：B。
【点评】作答此类试题，首先要判断各个选项的汉语意思，然后结合句意选择恰当的一项。
5．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Look!The man who is playing basketball with the boys must be Mr Wang.
﹣It_________be him.He went abroad for further study yesterday.（　　）
A．needn't B．may not C．can't D．mustn't
【考点】情态动词．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣看和男孩子们打篮球的那个人一定是王先生。
﹣﹣不可能是他。他昨天出国深造了。
【解答】needn't不必；may not可能不；can't不可能；mustn't禁止。根据He went abroad for further study yesterday."他昨天出国深造了。"可知，打篮球的"不可能"是王先生。表示否定推测用can't。
故选：C。
【点评】分析情态动词用法，掌握表示否定推测用can't的知识点，结合语境，选择合适答案。
6．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Has your aunt come back from New York？
﹣Yes.She_________there for three months to help people there fight against the flu.（　　）
A．has stayed B．stays C．stayed D．will stay
【考点】时态辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣你姑姑从纽约回来了吗？
﹣﹣是的，她在那里待了三个月，帮助那里的人们抗击流感。
【解答】A.现在完成时；B.一般现在时；C.一般过去时；D.一般将来时。该句设空处后面的时间"for three months（三个月）"可知，该句用现在完成时。
故选：A。
【点评】考查动词时态，结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态。
7．（2022•海安市模拟）____ ourselves safe from danger，we should wear helmets when riding electronic bikes.（　　）
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept
【考点】不定式．菁优网版权所有
【分析】为了保护自己免受危险，我们骑电子自行车时应该戴头盔。
【解答】Keep保持，动词原形；To keep不定式；Keeping动名词/现在分词；Kept过去式。这里用不定式To keep表示目的。
故选：B。
【点评】分析句子成分，掌握不定式表示目的的知识点，结合语境，选择正确答案。
8．（2022•海安市模拟）Daniel will succeed in working out the Maths problem_______he gives up.（　　）
A．until B．unless C．because D．though
【考点】从属连词．菁优网版权所有
【分析】丹尼尔将成功地解出这道数学题，除非他放弃。
【解答】until直到；unless除非；because因为；though虽然。根据Daniel will succeed in working out the Maths problem...he gives up."丹尼尔将成功地解出这道数学题，......他放弃。"可知，应该是"除非"，用unless引导条件状语从句。
故选：B。
【点评】连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系，要结合语境，选择合适连词用法。
9．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Have you decided________？﹣Yes.I will go there in August.（　　）
A．how you will go to Beijing this summer holiday
B．when you would go to Beijing with your parents
C．who you will go to Beijing with this summer holiday
D．when you will go to Beijing for a visit with your parents
【考点】宾语从句．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣你已经决定何时和你父母去北京参观了吗？
﹣﹣是的，我八月份将去那里。
【解答】选项A询问的是方式；选项B询问的是时间；选项C询问的是人；选项D询问的是时间。根据I will go there in August一句可先排除A和C。选项B的时态是过去将来时；选项D使用的是一般将来时。根据句子结构和字面意思可知应使用一般将来时，因此本题正确答案是D。
故选：D。
【点评】解答本题需首先理解所给选项的意思，再根据答语选择正确答案。
10．（2022•海安市模拟）﹣Many people say the temperature in East China this spring is just like a roller coaster.
﹣________.What changeable weather!（　　）
A．Not exactly B．I'm afraid not
C．I can't agree more D．That's not the case
【考点】情境对话．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣许多人说今年春天华东的气温就像过山车一样。
﹣﹣多变化无常的天气啊！
【解答】A.不完全是；B.恐怕不是；C.我完全同意；D.事实并非如此。根据句意，﹣﹣许多人说今年春天华东的气温就像过山车一样。﹣﹣多变化无常的天气啊！可知横线处填"我完全同意"。
故选：C。
【点评】考查情境对话，在日常学习时多积累日常交际用语。做题时要先了解各选项的意思，对其用法做到心里有数，再根据具体的语境来选择正确答案。
二、完形填空
11．（2022•海安市模拟）In an English class
Mr Wu：Boys and girls，yesterday I asked you to collect some information about China' s Tianwen 1 probe.Let's see what you've（1）　B　.
Li Ping：I downloaded something.May I use the PPT，Mr Wu？
Mr Wu：Sure.（2）　C　.
Li Ping：Look at this picture.On May 15，China's Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars!Following the US，China is now the（3）　B　country in the world to（4）　A　land a probe on Mars.It will give Chinese（5）　D　their first chance to study the Red Planet closely.
Gu Yue：（6）　A　was Tianwen 1 probe sent？
Li Ping：In July 2020.The probe entered Mars orbit轨道 in February 2021.Experts said the（7）　C　of sending the probe into orbit was equal to hitting a small ball from Paris and landing it in a hole in Tokyo.And the final（8）　D　was even more difficult.
He Mei：I hear it's（9）　D　called the "nine minutes of terror".
Li Ping：Yes.In nine minutes，the probe had to reduce its（10）　A　from 20，000 km per hour to zero，landing from 125 km above Mars.（11）　D　the probe is 320 million km away from Earth，there is a signal delay（延迟 ）of over 10 minutes if the research team tries to control it from Earth.So the probe had to（12）　B　the landing on its own!
Gu Yue：That's amazing!
Li Ping：Indeed.When the probe finally slowed down，at 100 meters above Mars，it stayed in the air and（13）　A　the landing area.It had to move away from the objects in its way such as rocks，（14）　C　finally touching down.
Mr Wu：Well done Li Ping!Thank you for showing our（15）　C　Tianwen 1 probe.Let's see who has something else to share...

（1）A.realized
B.found
C.understood
D.met
（2）A.Better not
B.Not at all
C.Go ahead
D.With pleasure
（3）A.first
B.second
C.third
D.fourth
（4）A.successfully
B.carefully
C.specially
D.peacefully
（5）A.inventors
B.fighter
C.passengers
D.scientists
（6）A.When
B.Where
C.How
D.Why
（7）A.possibility
B.gravity
C.difficulty
D.safety
（8）A.kicking
B.hitting
C.sending
D.landing
（9）A.still
B.instead
C.ever
D.also
（10）A.speed
B.height
C.weight
D.length
（11）A.Though
B.Until
C.Unless
D.As
（12）A.put out
B.carry out
C.run out
D.look out
（13）A.checked
B.covered
C.protected
D.avoided
（14）A.while
B.once
C.before
D.after
（15）A.lucky
B.comfortable
C.fantastic
D.energetic
【考点】记叙文．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这则对话主要谈论了中国天问一号火星探测仪的一些情况。
【解答】（1）动词辨析。A.意识到；B.发现；C.理解；D.遇见。根据上文Boys and girls，yesterday I asked you to collect some information about China's Tianwen 1 probe.（孩子们，昨天我要求你们收集一些关于中国天问一号的信息。）可知，空处句意为：我们看看你们发现了什么。故选B。
（2）短语辨析。A.最好不要；B.根本不；C.开始做；D.乐意效劳。根据上文May I use the PPT，Mr Wu？（我可以使用PPT吗，吴先生？）及Sure.（当然可以。）可知，空处句意为：开始讲吧。故选C。
（3）数词辨析。A.第一；B.第二；C.第三；D.第四。根据空前Following the US（继美国后）可知，空处句意为：中国是世界上第二个成功在火星上着陆探测仪的国家。故选B。
（4）副词辨析。A.成功地；B.认真地；C.特别；D.和平地。根据上文On May 15，China's Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars!（在5月15号，中国的天问一号火星探测仪在火星上实现了历史性的着陆。）可知，空处表示"成功地"。故选A。
（5）名词辨析。A.发明家；B.战士；C.乘客；D.科学家。根据空后study the Red Planet closely（近距离研究火星）可知，空处表示"科学家"。故选D。
（6）疑问词辨析。A.何时；B.在哪里；C.怎样；D.为什么。根据下文In July 2020.（在2020年月。）可知，空处句意为：天文一号探测仪何时发送的？故选A。
（7）名词辨析。A.可能性；B.重力；C.困难；D.安全。根据下文And the final landing was even more difficult.（最后的着陆甚至更加困难。）可知，空处表示"困难"。故选C。
（8）动词辨析。A.踢；B.击打；C.发送；D.着陆。根据下文landing from 125 km above Mars（从火星上空125公里处着陆）可知，空处句意为：最后的着陆甚至是更加困难的。故选D。
（9）副词辨析。A.仍然；B.反而；C.曾经；D.也。根据空前I hear（我听说）及空后called the "nine minutes of terror".（叫"恐怖九分钟"）可知，空处表示"也"。故选D。
（10）名词辨析。A.速度；B.身高；C.重量；D.长度。根据空后from 20，000 km per hour to zero（从每小时2万千米到零）可知，空处表示"速度"。故选A。
（11）连词辨析。A.虽然；B.直到；C.除非；D.由于。根据下文there is a signal delay（延迟）of over 10 minutes if the research team tries to control it from Earth.（如果研究小组试图从地球上控制它，信号将延迟超过10秒钟。）可知，空处句意为：由于探测仪本身距离着陆点3200万千米，如果研究小组试图从地球上控制它，信号将延迟超过10秒钟。故选D。
（12）短语辨析。A.熄灭；B.实行；C.用光；D.小心。根据下文That's amazing!（那太神奇了！）可知，空处句意为：因此探测仪必须实行自己着陆。故选B。
（13）动词辨析。A.检查；B.覆盖；C.保护；D.避免。根据空前it stayed in the air （它停留在空中）可知，空处句意为：检查着陆区。故选A。
（14）连词辨析。A.当……时；B.一旦；C.在……以前；D.在……以后。根据空前It had to move away from the objects in its way such as rocks（它必须以自己的方式远离岩石等物体）及空后finally touching down（终于着陆）可知，空处表示"在……以前"。故选C。
（15）形容词辨析。A.幸运的；B.舒服的；C.了不起的；D.有精力的。根据空前Well done Li Ping!（做得好，李平！）可知，空处句意为：感谢你向我们展示了了不起的天问一号。故选C。
【点评】根据上下文语境，结合选项确定空处意思，一定要注意对整篇文章大意的把握。
三、阅读理解
12．（2022•海安市模拟）Imagine you are in Africa.Suddenly，a group of spots streaks past you.What was it？It may have been a cheetah，the fastest animal on land.It can run up to 70 miles per hour，which is faster than most cars moving on the highway!
In many ways，the cheetah is built for speed.Even though this animal is a cat，its paws are much more like a dog's paws.The paws allow the cheetah to make quick turns.A cheetah also has long legs that help it take big steps.It can jump as far as 20 feet in one leap!Even the cheetah's backbone helps it move quickly.The backbone acts as a spring （弹簧），moving the cheetah forward with sudden burst （迸发）of energy.Although the cheetah can run fast，it cannot run for long distance.It uses its energy quickly and becomes tired.If the cheetah cannot catch its dinner in a hurry，it will have to rest a while before trying again.
A cheetah is also made to be a great hunter.It has sharp eyesight.A cheetah can see other animals up to three miles away.Good eyesight helps the cheetah find its prey so it can plan an attack.A cheetah's coat is also very useful.The coat is light brown with black spots.It allows a cheetah to hide in the tall，brown grass in Africa.Other animals do not see it hiding，so a cheetah can get close to rabbits，birds，and other animals quietly.
Today the cheetah is in danger.Parts of Africa are being turned into farms.This change forces the cheetah and other animals to find new places to live，which is not always easy.Cheetahs are also being hunted by other animals such as lions and hyenas.However，zookeepers and wildlife experts are trying to save the cheetah.Maybe with their help，cheetahs will grow larger in number.

（1）Suddenly，a group of spots streaks past you. "streaks" means " 　C　".
A.searches for food
B.gets close quietly
C.moves with great speed
D.plans a sudden attack
（2）The cheetah's coat is MOST useful because it 　B　.
A.protects the cheetah from the sun
B.helps the cheetah hide in the grass
C.keeps the cheetah cool after a long run
D.lets the cheetah move with great speed
（3）Read this chart

The chart shows some information from the article.Which can be put in the empty box？ 　D　
A.Cheetahs hide in the tall，brown grass.
B.People in Africa hunt lions and hyenas.
C.Wildlife experts send cheetahs to the zoo.
D.The number of cheetahs becomes smaller.
（4）"Speedy and Spotty" is a good title for the article because 　D　.
A.It gives the names of two cheetahs.
B.It catches the readers' attention.
C.It explains how cheetahs act in the wild.
D.It describes two facts about cheetahs.
【考点】科普知识类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文主要讲述了有关陆地上速度最快的动物猎豹的一些相关知识以及猎豹的生存现状。
【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据第一段It may have been a cheetah，the fastest animal on land.It can run up to 70 miles per hour，which is faster than most cars moving on the highway.（猎豹是陆地上跑得最快的动物。它的时速可达70英里，比高速公路上行驶的大多数汽车都要快。）可推测此处是指高速移动的，飞跑意思，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段It allows a cheetah to hide in the tall，brown grass in Africa.（它能让猎豹隐藏在非洲高大的棕色草丛中。）可知，它的斑点外衣能让猎豹躲在非洲高大的棕色草丛中，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Cheetahs are also being hunted by other animals such as lions and hyenas.However，zookeepers and wildlife experts are trying to save the cheetah.（猎豹也被狮子和鬣狗等其他动物猎杀。然而，动物园管理员和野生动物专家正试图拯救猎豹，也许可以让猎豹的数量增长。）可推测出猎豹的数量有所减少。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文中the cheetah is built for speed.（猎豹是为速度而生。）以及The coat is light brown with black spots.It allows a cheetah to hide in the tall，brown grass in Africa.（被毛为浅棕色，带有黑色斑点。它能让猎豹藏在非洲高高的棕色草丛中。）可知，速度和斑点是猎豹的两个特征。故选D。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．（2022•海安市模拟）Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th Academy Awards in Hollywood，California February 24，2013.
Life of Pi shows a young Indian named Pi，who finds the world he knows swept away when his family sells their zoo and sets sail for Canada with a few animals.Only Pi escapes from the storm and floats in a lifeboat with a giant Bengal tiger.
"I really want to thank you for believing this story and sharing this unbelievable journey with me，" Lee said in his speech.The film also won three other Oscars，for best original music，best cinematography（电影艺术） and best visual（视觉） effects.It won more awards than Lincoln and Argo which were also among the hottest nominees.
Coming from China's Taiwan，the 58﹣year﹣old Lee won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 2001 for Crouching Tiger，Hidden Dragon and another for Best Director in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain.He is the only person of Asian to win the directing award and one of the rare people who won that award more than once.
In an after﹣ceremony interview，Lee said he believed Asian films would come to the main stage of the world sooner or later. "I was born in Asia and grew up with Chinese education.It is natural for me to put Asian thinking into Western things." The film，which cost 120 million U.S.dollars，has earned nearly 600 million dollars worldwide.Lee said most of the earnings came from outside China.Lee said he felt warm that he won the award on the day of the Lantern Festival，a Chinese traditional festival on which families get together to solve puzzles on lanterns and eat Tang Yuan.He wished everyone a happy new year of the snake and everybody gets lucky.

（1）What kind of film does Life of Pi belong to？ 　D　
A．Comedies.
B．Tragedies.
C．Detective films.
D．Adventure films.
（2）So far，how many Oscar directing awards has Ang Lee won？ 　B　
A．One.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
（3）How do Chinese people celebrate the Lantern Festival？ 　C　
A．Families get together and have rice dumplings.
B．Children make lanterns out of big orange pumpkins.
C．People solve puzzles on lanterns and enjoy Tang Yuan.
D．Children go to the display of lanterns and receive red packets.
（4）What can we know from the passage？ 　A　
A．The 85th Academy Awards was held in Hollywood，California this year.
B．Pi was a young American who had an adventure trip with a tiger in India.
C．Lincoln and Argo won more awards than Life of Pi.
D．Asian films have come to the main stage of the world.
（5）Which of the following about Life of Pi is true？ 　A　
A．It was a great success as it won four Oscars.
B．It earned nearly 600 million dollars in China.
C．It describes Pi's escape from a terrible earthquake.
D．It is the only successful film Ang Lee has ever made.
【考点】人物故事类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这篇文章讲述了冒险电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》的导演荣获了最佳导演奖，这是他第二次荣获最佳导演奖。
【解答】（1）细节理解题，根据文章第一段Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th Academy Awards in Hollywood（李安凭借其冒险电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》获得奥斯卡最佳导演奖。）可知，《少年派的奇幻漂流》属于冒险篇。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th Academy Awards in Holywood ，California February 24，2013.，another for Best Director in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain .（在加利福尼亚州霍利伍德举行的第85届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，李安凭借其冒险电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》获得奥斯卡最佳导演奖。2013年2月24日。《断背山》获2006年最佳导演奖。）可知，李安荣获了两次最佳导演奖。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段families get together to solve puzzles on lanterns and eat Tang Yuan .（一家人聚在一起解灯笼上的谜题，吃汤圆。）可知，中国人在元宵节猜灯谜和吃元宵。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th Academ y Awards in Holywood ，California February 24，2013（在加利福尼亚州霍利伍德举行的第85届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，李安凭借其冒险电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》获得奥斯卡最佳导演奖。2013年2月24日。）可知，第八十五届奥斯卡金像奖今年在加利佛利亚，好莱坞举行。故选A。
（5）细节判断题，根据文章第二段The film also won three other Oscars ，for best original music ，best cinematography and best visual effects .It won more awards than Lincoln and Argo which were also among the hottest nominees．（这部电影还获得了其他三项奥斯卡奖，分别是最佳原创音乐奖、最佳摄影奖和最佳视觉效果奖。它获得的奖项比林肯和阿尔戈还多，林肯和阿尔戈也是最热门的提名者之一。）大意可知，《少年派的奇幻漂流》荣获了四个奖项，在全球挣了6亿美金。故选A。
【点评】首先，对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意；其次，细读题材，各个击破；再次，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
14．（2022•海安市模拟）（an extract from a detective story）
…
That evening Holmes again wore different clothes，and a large，black hat.But it was not just the clothes that were different.He changed his face，his hair—everything.He was a different man.
We walked together to Serpentine Avenue.Outside the house there were a lot of people who were smoking，laughing and talking.Holmes and I walked up and down in front of the house.
"You see，" said Holmes to me， "I don't think she wants her new husband to see the photo.But where is it？At her bank？No.Such a woman likes to keep important things herself.I'm sure it's in her house."
"But the King's men tried to find it，" I said.
"Yes，but they didn't know where to look for it!" said Holmes.
"But how will you know？" l asked.
"She'll show me.She'll have to."
Just then Irene's taxi arrived.One of the men in the street ran to open the door，and then another man pushed him.Other men were also pushing and shouting，and a fight began.Irene was in the middle of it，but Holmes ran to help her.Then suddenly he fell to the ground，with blood running down his face.Irene hurried to her front door，but she looked back. "How kind of him to help me!Is the poor man hurt？" she called.
"He's dead，" cried some voices.
"No，he's only hurt，" cried others.
"Bring him into the living room，" she said.
Some people carried Holmes into the house.I waited outside the window and watched.I saw how beautiful Irene was.Then Holmes put up his hand，and I threw the smoke﹣stick into the room.At once，the people in the street and in the house all began to shout "Fire!" very loudly.The house was full of smoke.I walked away，and ten minutes later Holmes came to meet me.
"Well done，Watson，" he said.
"Have you got the photo？" I asked.
"I know where it is.She showed me." he answered.
"But why did she show you？"
"It's easy，" he said，and laughed. "You saw all those people in the street？I paid them to help us.It wasn't a real fight and the blood wasn't real.When people shout "Fire!"，a woman runs to the most important thing in her house，her baby，her gold，or…a photo.Irene ran to find her photo which is in a cupboard in the living room.I saw it.But I did not take it.Tomorrow we will go to the palace and tell it to the King first.And then we will go to her house with the King.We'll go very early，before she gets up.The King himself can take the photo from the cupboard.And then well go."

（1）How many main characters appeared at the scene？ 　B　
A.Two.
B.Three.
C.Four.
D.Five.
（2）At first，Holmes changed his clothes in order to 　A　.
A.hide his real looks
B.take a taxi easily
C.make him smarter
D.catch Irene's attention
（3）What can we know about the photo？ 　B　
A.It was locked at Irene's bank and nobody knew.
B.It was important and hidden somewhere carefully.
C.The king put it in the palace's cupboard secretly.
D.The king asked Holmes to burn it at Irene's home.
（4）What is the correct order of the following sentences？ 　C　
a.Holmes changed his looks.
b.Holmes helped Irene.
c.Watson threw the smoke﹣stick.
d.Irene ran to the cupboard.
e.Holmes paid a lot of men.
A.a﹣b﹣c﹣d﹣e
B.a﹣c﹣d﹣e﹣b
C.e﹣a﹣b﹣c﹣d
D.e﹣c﹣d﹣b﹣a
（5）The story is mainly about 　B　.
A.where Irene hid the photo
B.how Holmes found the photo
C.why people fought for the photo
D.when the king wanted the photo
【考点】人物故事类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文讲述了福尔摩斯如何找到照片的故事。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。通读全文可知，该场景出现了福尔摩斯、华生和艾琳三个主要人物。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中He changed his face，his hair﹣﹣everything.He was a different man.（他改变了他的脸，头发，一切。他是另一个人。）可知，福尔摩斯换衣服是为了隐藏他的真实长相。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中Such a woman likes to keep important things herself.I'm sure it's in her house.（这样的女人喜欢自己保存重要的东西。我肯定在她家里。） 和最后一段中a woman runs to the most important thing in her house，her baby，her gold，or…a photo.（一个女人跑向家里最重要的东西，她的孩子，她的金子，或者……一张照片。）可推断，照片很重要，被她小心地藏起来了。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文可知，"福尔摩斯雇了很多人。"最先发生；然后是"福尔摩斯乔装打扮"；再然后是"福尔摩斯帮助艾琳；华生向屋内扔烟火筒；大家喊着"失火啦"，艾琳奔向橱柜。"，由此 e﹣a﹣b﹣c﹣d是正确顺序。故选C。
（5）主大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了福尔摩斯如何找到照片的故事。故选B。
【点评】首先，对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意；其次，细读题材，各个击破；再次，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
15．（2022•海安市模拟）There is no doubt that artificial intelligence （AI，人工智能）has changed our life，and continues to do so.Earlier this month，there were many AI technologies at Baidu World 2020，the leading tech company's annual technology meeting.
Fully autonomous （自动的） driving
Baidu has trained an "experienced AI driver".It's a driving system that can operate without a human driver.The company said that its autonomous cars have gone through six million kilometers of road tests，carried 100，000 passengers across 27 cities in the world，and had zero accidents.A 5 G remote driving service，which was also shown at the event，allows humans to remotely control these cars in case of emergencies.
Virtual （虚拟的） people
"Xiao Li" and "Xiao Kang" are virtual ones of Li Yanhong，chairman and CEO of Baidu，and Kang Hui，a CCTV host.The latest Baidu Brain 6.0，a global leading open AI platform，is the driving force behind the virtual people.
Xiao Li and Xiao Kang are created after the two men in appearance，movement and voice.They are also programmed with the two men's knowledge and memories.
"The virtual people with Baidu Brain Al technology include vision （视觉），voice，language and knowledge， " said Wang Haifeng，the CTO of Baidu，at the conference.
_____________
Baidu also launched （发布） the Duxiaoxiao virtual assistant app.Duxiaoxiao provides users with a range of information services on your mobile phones and helps to solve questions in everyday life.Over time，the app will change to suit each user's needs based on his or her habits.For example，Duxiaoxiao will give different feedback （反馈） to a question by taking users' personalities and hobbies into consideration.

（1）What can we learn from this passage？ 　C　
A．Baidu's fully autonomous cars will be completely safe.
B．Virtual people are the driving force of the latest Baidu Brain 6.0.
C．"Xiao Li" probably looks like the same as the CEO of Baidu company.
D．Duxiaoxiao is another kind of virtual people created after a famous person.
（2）Which of the following is suitable for the blank？ 　B　
A．Baidu mobile phones
B．Virtual assistant app
C．Search product
D．Artificial intelligence
（3）Where is this passage probably from？ 　D　
A．A fashion magazine.
B．A guidebook to shopping.
C．A science story book.
D．A technology website.
【考点】科普知识类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文介绍了三个人工智能的具体应用。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据 "Xiao Li" and "Xiao Kang" are virtual ones of Li Yanhong，chairman and CEO of Baidu，and Kang Hui，a CCTV host.（小李"和"小康"是百度董事长兼首席执行官李彦宏和央视主持人康辉的虚拟名字。） 以及Xiao Li and Xiao Kang are created after the two men in appearance，movement and voice.（ "小李"和"小康"在外貌、动作和声音上都是模仿这两个男人创作的。）可推测，"小李"可能长得像百度公司的CEO。故选：C。
（2）推理判断题。根据Baidu also launched （发布） the Duxiaoxiao virtual assistant app.（百度同样推出了"度晓晓"虚拟助理软件。）说明空白处应该填入"Virtual assistant app虚拟助手软件"。故选：B。
（3）文章出处题。根据本文介绍的三个人工智能的个体应用，可知该文应来自于科技网站。故选：D。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
四、词汇A.请根据括号中的中文提示、英文释义或句意，写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。
16．（2022•海安市模拟）Since you have got a 　fever　（发烧），you'd better go to see the doctor at once.
【考点】翻译填空．菁优网版权所有
【分析】你既然发烧了，最好马上去看医生。
【解答】根据提示"发烧"可知，have got a fever动词短语。
故答案为：fever。
【点评】翻译填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据中文提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
17．（2022•海安市模拟）We must be careful and protect ourselves well，for COVID﹣19 hasn't 　completely　 （完全地） disappeared in our country.
【考点】翻译填空．菁优网版权所有
【分析】我们必须小心，保护好自己，因为新冠疫情在我国并没有完全消失。
【解答】根据提示"完全地"可知，这里修饰动词，用副词completely。
故答案为：completely。
【点评】翻译填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据中文提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
18．（2022•海安市模拟）Mum found her little son 　alone　（without anybody else）in his bedroom，trying to make his bed.
【考点】单词填空．菁优网版权所有
【分析】妈妈发现她的小儿子独自一人在卧室里，试图整理他的床。
【解答】without anybody else"没有其他人"，可以表达为"独自的"，这里填形容词alone作宾补。
故答案为：alone。
【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据单词提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
19．（2022•海安市模拟）I 　suppose　（think or believe something is possible） it is the traditional Chinese culture on her video that attracts the world.
【考点】单词填空．菁优网版权所有
【分析】我想是她的视频中的中国传统文化吸引了全世界。
【解答】think or believe something is possible"认为或相信某事是可能的"，可以表达为"猜想"，主语I第一人称，一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形suppose。
故答案为：suppose。
【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据单词提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
20．（2022•海安市模拟）Australian seasons are the 　opposite　of ours，so when it is summer in China，it is winter in Australia.
【考点】单词填空．菁优网版权所有
【分析】澳大利亚的季节与我们相反，所以当中国是夏天时，澳大利亚是冬天。
【解答】根据so when it is summer in China，it is winter in Australia."所以当中国是夏天时，澳大利亚是冬天。"可知，the opposite of..."与......相反"名词短语。
故答案为：opposite。
【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化，积累一些固定搭配，正确写出答案。
六、请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
22．（2022•海安市模拟）write not be play fix rise

（1）The price of the houses in Nantong 　has risen　 a lot over the past two years.
（2）—Where is your uncle，Ellen？
—He 　is fixing　 my bike in the garden.
（3）—It's 1：00.pm.Have you finished writing your reading report？
—No，not yet.But I 　was writing　 it the whole morning.
（4）— 　Are　 you 　going to play　 computer games this weekend？
—No，I'm not.I won't play them until the senior school entrance exam is over.
（5）—Mrs Smith has gone to Nanjing for a meeting.
—You mean she 　isn't　 in her office now？
【考点】选词完成句子．菁优网版权所有
【分析】（1）在过去的两年里，南通的房价上涨了很多。
（2）﹣﹣你叔叔在哪里，艾伦？
﹣﹣他正在花园里修理我的自行车。
（3）﹣﹣现在是1点。下午。你写完阅读报告了吗？
﹣﹣还没有。但整个上午我一直在写。
（4）﹣﹣这个周末你在玩电脑游戏吗？
﹣﹣不，我没有。直到高中入学考试结束我才玩。
（5）﹣﹣史密斯夫人去南京开会了。
﹣﹣你意思是说她现在不在办公室？
【解答】（1）has risen.考查动词。根据语境"在过去的两年里，南通的房价_____了很多"，考虑选择动词rise，意为"上涨"，由over the past two years本句用现在完成时，推断此处填"has/have+动词的过去分词"形式，由主语price考虑助动词用has，故答案为has risen。
（2）is fixing.考查动词。根据语境"他正在花园里_____我的自行车"，考虑选择动词fix，意为"修理"，由问句Where is your uncle，Ellen？推断本句用现在进行时，考虑此处填"be+动词﹣ing"形式，故答案为is fixing。
（3）was writing.考查动词。根据语境"但整个上午我一直在_____"，考虑选择动词write，意为"写"，由the whole morning推断本句为过去进行时，其一般结构为"was/were+动词﹣ing"形式，故答案为was writing。
（4）Are；going to play.考查动词。根据语境"这个周末你打算_____电脑游戏吗？"，考虑选择动词play，意为"玩"，由答语No，I'm not推断本句为be动词Are开头的一般疑问句，由this weekend考虑用一般将来时，故答案为Are；going to play。
（5）isn't.考查动词。根据语境"你意思是说她现在_____在办公室？"，考虑选择be动词not be，意为"不是"，由now推断本句一般现在时，考虑此处填is not，缩写为isn't，故答案为isn't。
【点评】根据句意选词填空，需要考生先通读全句了解大意，联系语境选定词根，再认真分析并正确变换词形，方能正确答题。
五、请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
21．（2022•海安市模拟）invent rapid they eight safe
（1）My grandmother is nearly 100 years old.She can't walk upstairs to the 　eighth　floor of the building.
（2）Though the flu is very dangerous to humans，the doctor doesn't seem worried about his own 　safety　.
（3）The housework is too tiring，so I would like to own a robot similar to 　theirs　.
（4）We feel proud that Nantong has developed 　rapidly　these years than before.
（5）We all know that Edison was one of the greatest 　inventors　in the world.
【考点】选词完成句子．菁优网版权所有
【分析】（1）我的祖母快100岁了。她不能走上楼到大楼的八楼。
（2）虽然流感对人类非常危险，但医生似乎并不担心自己的安全。
（3）家务活太累了，所以我想拥有一个和他们的机器人一样的机器人。
（4）我们为南通近年来的快速发展感到骄傲。
（5）我们都知道爱迪生是世界上最伟大的发明家之一。
【解答】（1）考查数词。句意：我的祖母快100岁了。她不能走上楼到大楼的八楼。the+序数词，故填eighth。
（2）考查名词。句意：虽然流感对人类非常危险，但医生似乎并不担心自己的安全。safety名词，安全，故填safety。
（3）考查代词。句意：家务活太累了，所以我想拥有一个和他们的机器人一样的机器人。theirs名词性物主代词，相当于their robot，故填theirs。
（4）考查副词。句意：我们为南通近年来的快速发展感到骄傲。rapidly副词，修饰动词develope，故填rapidly。
（5）考查名词。句意：我们都知道爱迪生是世界上最伟大的发明家之一。one of+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示最...其中之一，故填inventors。
【点评】解答此类题，关键在于理解，即理解句子的逻辑关系，选择合适的短语或词语。
五、句型转换
23．（2022•海安市模拟）The population of Canada is more than 86 million.（对画线部分提问）
　What　　is　the population of Canada？
【考点】句型转换．菁优网版权所有
【分析】加拿大的人口超过8600万。
加拿大的人口是多少？
【解答】根据题干，被划线部分的意思是"过8600万"，是指人口，用"what"提问。be动词is提到主语前。
故答案为What is。
【点评】对划线部分提问要分析划线部分在句子中的成分，即可找出恰当的特殊疑问词。疑问词后接一般疑问句，用疑问语序。
24．（2022•海安市模拟）Many people are very generous.They donate lots of money to people in Wuhan. （合并为一句）
　It's　very generous 　of　many people to donate lots of money to people in Wuhan.
【考点】句型转换．菁优网版权所有
【分析】很多人都很慷慨。他们给武汉的人们捐了很多钱。
很多人都很慷慨，给武汉的人捐了很多钱。
【解答】根据题干，原句的意思是"很多人都很慷慨，给武汉的人捐了很多钱。"可以改写成句型：It's+形容词 of sb to do sth.某人做某事是……的。时态是一般现在时。
故答案为It's；of。
【点评】考查句型转换，结合题目要求，弄清楚所给句子的内容和句式结构，试题填空部分与原句的对应关系，表达形式。
25．（2022•海安市模拟）The students were too tired to stay awake in class.（保持句意基本不变）
The students were 　so　tired that they 　couldn't　stay awake in class.
【考点】句型转换．菁优网版权所有
【分析】学生们太累了，在课堂上无法保持清醒。
学生们太累了，以至于在课堂上无法保持清醒。
【解答】分析题干，可知原句为一般过去时，其中too...to...表示"太……而不能……"，在同义句中可以用so...that...来替换，表示"如此……以致于……"，同义句的从句中应使用否定形式，且应为过去式，因此为couldn't。
故答案为：so；couldn't。
【点评】同义句转换题，首先要掌握这个句子的意思，找出可以替换的短语，再结合所学的语法进行替换。
26．（2019•南通）Suzy didn't know when she would take a boat trip on the lake．（保持句意基本不变）
Suzy didn't know 　when　　to　 take a boat trip on the lake．
【考点】句型转换．菁优网版权所有
【分析】Suzy不知道什么时候会去湖上泛舟．
Suzy不知道什么时候会去湖上泛舟．
【解答】原句是一个when引导的宾语从句，可以换为"疑问词+不定式"作宾语；此处使用疑问词when加上不定式to take即可．
故填：when to
【点评】此题需要熟悉宾语从句以及"疑问词+不定式"作宾语的用法．
27．（2022•海安市模拟）Did you hear those old ladies singing in the square just now？（改为被动语态）
　Were　those old ladies 　heard　singing in the square just now？
【考点】句型转换．菁优网版权所有
【分析】刚才你听见那些老太太在广场上唱歌了吗？
刚才那些老太太在广场上唱歌被听到了吗？
【解答】分析句子，可知被动语态的结构为be done，句子为一般过去时，被动语态中those old ladies作主语为复数，因此be动词为were，位于句首应大写首字母；hear的过去分词为heard。
故答案为：Were；heard。
【点评】本题考查被动语态，应先确定主语，再结合单复数，时态等知识进行作答。
六、首字母
28．（2022•海安市模拟）The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said， "Every child is an artist.The problem he has is how to（1）r 　emain　an artist once he grows up."
This is both encouraging and discouraging.The fact that we were all born to be artists is certainly （2）e 　xciting　，and yet the reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many of us have failed.
Fortunately，some people have seen the problem and want to（3）s 　olve　it.
Western educators have suggested that we introduce the concept of "STEAM"（4）i 　nstead　of "STEM" — traditional "core majors" including science，technology，engineering，and math — since the "A"，which stands for "arts"，is just as important.
And on April 11，China's Ministry of Education issued a guideline.Colleges and universities are（5）r 　equired　to provide more art﹣related courses and students need to earn a certain number of art credits in order to graduate.
These efforts came after many scientific studies had found that art education helps students（6）d 　evelop　self﹣confidence and teamwork skills，as well as habits of mind such as problem solving and critical thinking，（7）a 　ccording　to The Washington Post.
It's true that none of these skills target specific jobs.But as former US ballet dancer Damian Woetzel told The Atlantic，the（8）p 　urpose　of art is "to give kids the tools to become adults who are creative，adaptable，and expressive — capable of having their eyes and ears and senses alive".
And we can now see how we lost track of our born "artist self" on our（9）w 　ay　to growing up：We failed to keep our capabilities to see，hear and feel，and became blind，deaf and insensitive adults.Hopefully，art education can help（10）t 　urn　things around.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．菁优网版权所有
【分析】西方教育家提出了STEAM概念，说明艺术和其他核心课程同样重要。中国教育报也规定，要求大学开设更多艺术课程，大学生必须修够足够的艺术学分才能毕业。
【解答】（1）考查动词。句意：问题是，当他长大后，怎样依然做一个艺术家。根据上文"Every child is an artist."，每个孩子都是艺术家。根据下文"yet the reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many of us have failed"，然而，我们中的很多人却无法实现仍然做艺术家的现实，故可推知本句句意和空格部分的意思是"仍然"，故填动词remain，来构成不定式。故答案为remain。
（2）考查形容词。句意：我们天生就是艺术家的事实当然令人激动。根据上文"This is both encouraging and discouraging"，这种说法既鼓舞人心，又令人失望。再根据下文"and yet the reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many of us have failed"，然而，我们中的很多人却无法实现仍然做艺术家的现实，故可推知本句句意，以及空格处的意思是"令人激动的"，故填形容词exciting，作为表语。故答案为exciting。
（3）考查动词。句意：不幸的是，有些人已经看到这个问题，并想去解决它。前半部分说的是看到问题，后半部分是"解决问题"，故应填动词solve，来构成want to do sth句型。故答案为solve。
（4）考查介词。句意：西方教育家已经建议我们应该引入STEAM这个概念，而不是STEM这个概念。本句是instead of句型，意思是"而不是"，故答案为instead。
（5）考查动词。句意：要求大学提供更多艺术课程，学生需要修够一定数量的艺术学分才能毕业。根据上文"And on April 11，China's Ministry of Education issued a guideline"，4月11日，中国教育部颁布了一项准则。故知空格处为"要求"之意，故填动词require的某种形式。主语"Colleges and universities"和动词require是动宾关系，故本句是被动语态，即be required to do sth句型，意思是"被要求做某事"，故答案为required。
（6）考查动词。句意：这些措施是源于多年的科学研究发现，即艺术教育有助于学生养成自信和合作能力，以及思维习惯（比如解决问题和批判性思维）。根据整体句意可知空格处为"养成、开发"之意，故填动词develop的某种形式。本句是help sb do sth句型，意思是"帮助某人做某事"，故答案为develop。
（7）考查介词。句意：据《华盛顿邮报》报道。根据整句句意可知，本句是according to 句型，意思是"据……说"，故答案为according。
（8）考查名词。句意：但是，正如美国前芭蕾舞演员Damian Woetzel告诉《大西洋》月刊的那样：艺术的目的是"给孩子这样的工具，即让他们成长为具有创造性，适应性和表现力的人，也就是能够生动地利用眼睛和耳朵，已经以及感官的能力。表语部分的不定式短语说的是教育的目的，故填名词purpose，作为主语，其意思是"目的"。故答案为purpose。
（9）考查名词。句意：我们可以看到，在我们成长的道路上，我们是如何丧失了我们作为"艺术家的自我"。本句是on one's way to 句型，意思是"在去某地的路上"，故答案为way。
（10）考查动词。句意：希望艺术教育有助于扭转这种情况。根据上文"And we can now see how we lost track of our born "artist self" on our（9）w to growing up"，我们可以看到，在我们成长的道路上，我们是如何丧失了我们作为"艺术家的自我"。故知本句句意，并且本句是turn around句型，意思是"扭转"。本句是help do sth句型，意思是"帮助做某事"，故填turn的原形。故答案为turn。
【点评】首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要的词汇和形式，就可以确定正确答案。

考点卡片
1．单词填空
【考查能力介绍】
单词填空题在历年各地中考都有考查，此题考点涉及面广，从词汇到语法，从固定搭配到对篇章的整体把握对学生都有较高的要求．该题型旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力．常见的题型有以下几种：
①用所给词的适当形式填空．这一题型主要考查单词在不同语境中的词形变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态、不同词性之间的变换、基数词和序数词的运用、形容词和副词的等级、词汇的惯用法等等都是它的考查内容．
【例】I think English is very useful． Are you （interest） in it？
分析：所给的interest为动词，根据习惯表达be interested in …可知，应填interest的形容词 interested．
②根据汉语提示填空．这一题型主要考查学生的单词拼写能力及词形变化、语法知识运用和词组辨别能力等；考查范围几乎涉及所有词性，以实词考查为主，虚词考查较少．
【例】Messi （得分）a winning goal in the second half of the match．
【考点】翻译填空．
【分析】梅西在下半场的比赛中打进制胜一球．
【解答】答案：scored考查翻译填空．句意：梅西在下半场的比赛中打进制胜一球．根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：得分．英语表达是score，句子是一般过去时，故答案为scored．
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化．
③根据首字母提示填空．这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词．这既是一种限制，又是一种提示．它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考查理解、推导、分析等综合能力．
【例】The boys have m all the skills of that game．
【考点】首字母填空．
【分析】男孩已经掌握那个游戏的所有技能．
【解答】答案：mastered．跳过空格推知句意是掌握了技能，故用动词master，结合have和句意表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，故答案是mastered．
【点评】现在完成时有两种用法1．过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作．2．表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态．
④选词填空．这一题型往往给出几个不同的选项和不同的句子，要求考生对号入座，根据语法知识和构词法规则选出适当词汇，写出正确的答案，考查考生具体运用语言知识的能力．因篇幅有限，不再举例．
⑤以文章形式出现的词语运用题和其他题型．对于单词填空的考查并不单一是句子填空，也有短文填空，都是题型不变的基础上考查方式做了变化，难易程度不一．除了上述几种题目形式外，单词填空有时也涉及根据音标填空，对音标的掌握情况做出考查．
【解题方法点拨】
①对于用所给词的适当形式填空，答题时要做到：A．明确所给词的词性；B．弄清所给句子的意思；C．确定空白处所需的词性D．正确写出所填的词．
②对于根据汉语提示填空，答题时要做到：A．根据汉语提示弄清所考查的词汇；B．结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化；C．填写拼写正确的单词．
③对于根据首字母提示填空，答题时要做到：A．根据前后句子理解句子大意，推出设空处的大致意思；B．根据首字母提示确定所需单词；C．在注意词性和语法变化的基础上填写拼写正确的适当形式．
④对于选词填空，答题时要做到：A．看备选项，对词汇意义做初步了解；B．浏览题目，根据题目需要去备选项中寻找匹配答案；C．选定词汇后要根据语境、语法等来做出适当形式变化再填空．
⑤对于短文填空，答题时要在理解上下文的基础上根据基本方法做出解答．
【中考命题方向】
中考命题对于单词填空的考查是历年来的重点，各地考查形式不一，但万变不离其宗，都是对词汇知识的运用能力的综合考查．考查方式有首字母填空（如武汉、上海等）；适当形式填空（如山东、四川等）；词语运用题（如河南等）；等等．
2．冠词的用法辨析
【概念】
冠词：
冠词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，它是英语词性中最小的一类，只有三个，一种是不定冠词，一种是定冠词．此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的零冠词．其中冠词简称"art．"冠词有不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词．
详细用法请参照定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词．
3．副词的词义辨析
【常见副词词义辨析】
1．how often， how long， how far， how soon
（1）how often有"多久一次"的意思，是就做某事的频率提问．常用"Twice a year．"，"Three times a week．"等回答．如：
﹣How often do you watch TV？
你多久看一次电视？
﹣Three times a week．每周三次．
（2）how long表示 "时间多久或物体多长"， 表示时间侧重指 "一段时间"．针对 "how long" 的回答一般是时间段，如 "for three days"， "three years"．如：
﹣How long did he stay here？
他在这儿待了多久？
﹣About two weeks．
大约两个星期．
（3）how soon表示 "多久之后"，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问．how soon的回答一般是：in+时间段．如：
﹣How soon will he be back？
他要多久才回来？
﹣In an hour．
一小时以后．
（4）how far 是提问"路程有多远"，询问距离．如：
How far is it from his house？
距离他家有多远？
2．too， enough， so同作副词，差别大
（1）too作副词，用在"too…to"结构中， too…to结构中的动词不定式部分为否定意义，意为"太……而不能……"．如：
He is too young to go to school．
他年龄太小了不能上学．
（2）enough用作副词时，意为"足够"，"形容词或副词原级+enough to"结构意为"足以能够"，是肯定意义．如：
He is old enough to go to school．
他到了上学的年龄了．
（3）so意为"如此"，用于"so…that…（如此……以至于……）"，so后接形容词或副词，that后面加从句．如：
He is so old that he can't go on working．
他年龄太大，不能继续工作了．
3．already， still， yet用法巧辨析
（1）already通常用于完成时的肯定句中，表示"已经"．如：
I have already seen the film．
我已经看过这部电影了．
（2）yet用来谈论某事是否已经发生，多用于疑问句和否定句中．在疑问句中，意为"已经"，在否定句中意为"还，尚"，通常放在句末；not yet可用于简略回答，意为"还没有"．如：
He hasn't finished reading the book yet．
他还没有读完这本书．
﹣Have you finished your homework？
你完成家庭作业了吗？
﹣No，not yet．
不，还没有．
（3）still意为"仍然，还"，强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续．在现在进行时中，still只表示动作正在持续．如：
He's still living with his mother．
他仍与母亲住在一起．
4．either， also， too用法"也"不同
（1）also用于肯定句，常用在实义动词前be动词后．如：
He also attended the meeting yesterday．
昨天他也参加了会议．
He is also a scientist．
他也是科学家．
（2）too用于肯定句，在句末，too前须有逗号．如：
He can swim，too．他也会游泳．
（3）either用于否定句，通常放在句末，之前需加逗号．如：
He didn't attend the meeting，either．
他也没去参加会议．
5．ago， before"以前"差别大
（1）ago表示"从现在起若干时间以前"，常与动词一般过去式连用，而且ago只能作副词．如：
He left Shanghai three days ago．
他三天前离开了上海．
（2）before表示"从过去某时起若干时间以前"，常与过去完成式连用．before既可作副词又可作介词和连词．如：
I had finished the work two days before．
两天前我已完成了工作．（副词）
I visited him two days ago，but he had gone to Paris five days before．
我于两天前去访问他，可是他已于那日5天前赴巴黎去了．（副词）
6．much too， too much词序颠倒，意不同
（1）too much可以用作副词，也可以形容词，意为"太多、过于"．用作副词时，在句中作状语．如：
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes．
看电视太久，对你的眼睛不好．
His father was too much surprised to see him here．
他的爸爸看到他在这儿非常吃惊．
too much用作形容词时，常用来修饰不可数名词．如：
He drank too much beer last night．
他昨晚酒喝得太多．
Please don't waste too much money．
请不要浪费太多的钱．
too much用作名词时，在句中作主语、宾语或表语．
如：
Too much was happening all at once．
同时发生的事太多了．
Mike，you have eaten too much． You can't eat any more．
迈克，你吃得太多了，你不能再吃了．
It's too much for me．
这个我干不了．
（2）much too用作副词时，通常用来修饰形容词或副词，意为"极其、非常、实在太"．如：
This problem is much too difficult for me to work out．
这个问题非常难，我算不出来．
This shirt is much too expensive for him．
这件衬衫对他来说，实在太贵了．
7．hard与hardly没有共同语言
（1）当hard用作副词时，意为"努力地、困难地、猛烈地"等．如：
Does Tom work hard at his lessons？
汤姆学习努力吗？
It′s raining hard outside now． Don't go out．
现在外面正下着大雨，不要出去．
（2）hardly并不是hard加上后缀所构成的副词，hardly只能用作副词，意为"几乎没有、几乎不"．如：
I can hardly see anything on the blackboard．
我几乎看不见黑板上的任何东西．
My father hardly ever watches TV．
我爸爸几乎不看电视．
4．从属连词
【概念】
用来引导名词从句和各类的状语从句的连词叫从属连词，由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句，而含有从句的句子叫作复合句，从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复合句中的从属分句．
【结构】
1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词
（1）表示"当…时候"或"每当"的时间连词．主要用 when， while， as， whenever：
He jumped up when the phone rang． 电话铃响时他吓了一跳．
（2）表示"在…之前（或之后）"的时间连词．主要用before， after：
Turn the lights off before you leave． 离开前请关灯．
（3）表示"自从"或"直到"的时间连词．主要用since， until， till：
He has lived here since he got married． 他结婚后就一直住在这儿．
（4）表示"一…就"的时间连词．主要用as soon as， the moment， the minute， the second， the instant， immediately， directly， instantly， once， no sooner…than， hardly…when等：
Tell him the news as soon as you see him． 你一见到他就把这消息告诉他．
（5）表示"上次"、"下次"、"每次"等的时间连词．主要用every time（每次），each time（每次），（the） next time（下次），any time（随时），（the） last time（上次），the first time（第一次）：
Last time I saw him， he looked ill． 上次我见到他的时候，他好像有病．
注：every time， each time， any time前不用冠词，（the） next time， （the） last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略．
2．引导条件状语从句的从属连词
这类连词主要有if， unless， as/so long as， in case 等：
If anyone calls tell them I'm not at home． 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家．
注：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态．
3．引导目的状语从句的从属连词
主要的有 in order that， so that等：
We used the computer in order that we might save time． 我们使用计算机是为了节约时间．
4．引导结果状语从句的从属连词
主要的有so that， so…that， such…that等：
We're all here now， so that the meeting can begin at last． 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了．
5．引导原因状语从句的从属连词
主要的有because， as， since等：
He couldn't got to school because he had a cold． 他因患感冒而未能去上学．
6．引导让步状语从句的从属连词
主要的有although， though， even though， even if， while， however， whatever， whoever， whenever， wherever等：
Though /Even though it's hard work， I enjoy it． 尽管是苦活，但我乐意干．
7．引导地点状语从句的从属连词
主要的有where， wherever， everywhere等：
There were lots of parks where I lived． 我住的地方有许多公园．
Sit wherever you like． 你想坐在那儿就坐在那儿．
8．引导比较状语从句的从属连词
主要的有than和as…as：
It's easier than I thought． 这比我想像的要容易．
They are as often wrong as they are right． 他们错对各半．
9．引导名词性从句的从属连词
主要的有that， if， whether，who，whom，whose，what，which：
It is clear enough what he meant． 他是什么意思很清楚．
例：（　　）﹣﹣What are you looking for？
﹣﹣I'm looking for the pen _______ my father gave me last week．
A． who B． which C． whose D． whom
考点：从属连词
分析：﹣﹣你在找什么？
﹣﹣我在找我爸上一周给我的那支钢笔．
解答：B．who意思是"谁"指人，在定语从句中作主语；which意思是"哪一个"指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose意思是"谁的"指物或指人，在定语从句中作定语；whom意思是"谁"指人，在定语从句中作宾语．根据"the pen"可知先行词是物，要用which或者whose来引导，另外根据"____ my father gave me last week"可知空格处的引导词要在定语从句中作宾语，所以要用which来引导定语从句，故选B．
点评：首先要掌握这几个关系代词的意思以及在定语从句中作的成分，然后结合先行词以及在定语从句需要的成分，就可以确定正确答案．
【易混淆点】
1．并列连词和从属连词区别：
（1）由从属连词引导的状语从句，其位置通常是可变的．
（2）并列连词之间之前不可以加其它连词，而从属连词之前可以加并列连词；连接副词．
2．because， for， since， as 的区别
because语气强， 表示客观必然原因：例如： He is absent， because he is ill． 因为生病，所以他没来．
比较：He is absent， for he is busy． （"生病"是"缺席"的必然原因，"忙"不是必然原因．）
for 语气轻，表示非客观必然的原因，是主观可改变结果的原因，甚至是猜测可能的原因：
He must be ill， for he is absent． "缺席"不一定是"生病"，只是交流猜测．
for 不能放句首，它是并列连词．
since， as 都是不讲自明的原因， 是已知的原因．
Since I am a boy， let me carry the case．
As you don't feel well，you had better stay at home．
【解题方法点拨】
当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，以下类型的状语从句可以用一般现在时表将来：
1．时间状语从句
I'll write to her when I have time． 我有空会给她写信．
2．条件状语从句
If we hurry， we may catch the bus． 如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车．
3．让步状语从句
I'll follow him wherever he goes． 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿．
4．比较状语从句
I will come earlier than you do． 我会比你先到．
5．比例状语从句
The more you eat， the fatter you will become． 你吃得越多就会越胖．
【中考命题方向】
在中考中，从属连词常出现在听力题、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读补全对话等中，几乎每种题型都从不同角度来考查，因而大家一定要熟练掌握．
5．连词辨析
【概念】
不同连词在意义或用法上的不同进行辨别分析叫连词辨析．
例：（　　）﹣﹣Would you like to go to the party with me？
﹣﹣I'd love to， I'm afraid I have no time．
A． so B． or C． but
考点：连词辨析．
分析：﹣﹣你愿意和我一起去参加晚会吗？
﹣﹣我愿意．但是恐怕我没有时间．
解答：C；根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据语境推测句意是"我愿意．但是恐怕我没有时间．"，可知前后句之间是转折关系，所以用连词but；故选C．
点评：本题主要考查连词的用法，连词在句子中主要起联系上下文的作用，他们之间的区别就是表示逻辑关系的不同，所以在解题时先要理解上下文含义，然后根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的连词．连词的用法都比较多，语义之间还有交叉，熟记其基本应用规则，了解其区别，注意固定搭配对象，是做好此类题型的关键．
【易混淆点】
1． such…that…与so…that…都可以用来引导结果状语从句，意为"如此…以致…"．
（1）such是形容词，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带．如果其后是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an．
She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her．
（2）so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：so+adj．（adv．）+that从句．如：
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him．
注意：当名词前面有many，much，few，little等表示数量多少的限定词时，应该用so，而不能用such．如：
There were so many people in the street that firefighters could not get close to the building．
2．and 和or表示"和，与"的区别
and用于肯定句和问句中，例如：I have a sister and a brother．
or用于否定句中，例如：
There isn't any air or water on the moon．月球上既没有空气也没有水．
3．because， for， since， as 表示"原因"的区别
because语气强， 表示客观必然原因，例如：
He is absent， because he is ill． 因为生病，所以他没来．
for 语气轻，表示非客观必然的原因，是主观可改变结果的原因，甚至是猜测可能的原因，不能放句首，它是并列连词．例如：
He must be ill， for he is absent． "缺席"不一定是"生病"，只是交流猜测．
since， as 都是不讲自明的原因， 是已知的原因．
Since I am a boy， let me carry the case．
4．when和while表示"当…的时候"的区别：
when意为"在……时刻或时期"，它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段"，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词；while只指"时间段"，不指"时间点"，从句的动词只限于持续性动词．
（1）when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while互换．如：
When he has finished his work， he takes a short rest．每当他做完工作后，总要稍稍休息一下．（when ＝ after）
When I got to the cinema， the film had already begun．当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了．（when＝before）
（2）when从句动词为终止性动词时，不能由while替换．如：
When he came yesterday， we were playing basketball．昨天他来时，我们正在打篮球．
（3）当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时，when， while才有可能互相替代．如：
While / When we were still laughing， the teacher came in．正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师进来了．
【解题方法点拨】
在解题时，根据逻辑关系的不同，先要理解上下文含义，然后根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的连词，了解其区别，注意固定搭配对象，是做好此类题型的关键．
【中考命题方向】
在中考中，特殊疑问句常出现在单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读 完成句子等中，几乎每种题型都从不同角度来考查，因而大家一定要熟练掌握．
6．情态动词
【概念】
情态动词：可以用来表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要、可能、意愿和怀疑等，有一定的意义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语．
7．不定式
【概念】
1．不定式是一种非限定动词，通常由"to+动词原形"构成，如to be，to do，to combine，to expand，to get up等．这里的to是不定式的符号，没有词义，有时还可以省略．
2．动词不定式没有人称和数的变化．
3．不定式在句中不能单独用作谓语，但还保留着动词的若干特征：可以带状语，及物动词可以带宾语，系动词可以带表语．
4．不定式可以连同它的附属成分一起组成不定式短语．
【不定式的用法】
不定式（短语）在句中起相当于名词、形容词或副词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补语．
1．具有名词的性质
①用作主语．
To live is to function．That is all there is in living．（Holmes）
活着就要发挥作用，这就是生活的全部真谛．
②用作表语．
Her wish was to become a teacher．
她的愿望是当个教师．
③用作宾语．
The owner wanted to make a large purchase of gift before Christmas．
老板想在圣诞节前做一大笔礼品生意．
④用作宾语补语．
I wanted something to happen to me，but nothing happened．（L．Hughes）
我希望在我身上会发生些什么变化，可是什么都没发生．
⑤用作主语补语．
This test is thought to have practical value．
大家认为这个试验有实际价值．
⑥用作同位语．
2、具有形容词的性质
①用作定语．
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices？
你们能否想出一个对付日益上涨的物价的好办法？
3、具有副词的性质
①用作状语．
We use electrical energy to do many things．
我们用电能做许多事情．
4、用作插入语．
To begin with，we must consider the problem in an all﹣round way．
首先，我们必须全面地考虑这个问题．
8．动词词义辨析
【概念】
动词：动词是用来表示动作或状态的词．在句子中做谓语，说明主语"是什么"、"做什么"或"怎么样"的词．通过动词的变化，可以知道动作发生的时间、说话人的语气、态度．
【考查内容】
①词形相近的动词间的辨析．如remind/remember； rise/raise； hang/hung…
例1：Sorry，I've forgotten your name．Can you ____me？
I'm Daniel．（　　）
A．remind B．receive C．respect D．remember
分析：对不起，我忘了你的名字，你能提醒我一下吗？
我是Daniel．
解答：答案：A．
remind提醒；receive收到；respect尊重；remember记得．根据Sorry，I've forgotten your name．Can you ____me？I'm Daniel．可知，句意是"对不起，我忘了你的名字，你能提醒我一下吗？"根据下面的回答I'm Daniel．可推测句意是"提醒一下"．故选A．
点评：本题考查动词词义辨析．解答时注意根据句意以及所给选项的意思作答．

②词义相近的动词间的辨析．如took/cost/paid/spent； borrow/lend；speak/say/talk．
例2：Wow，your sweater is very beautiful!
Thank you．I bought it two days ago．It ____me＄50．（　　）
A．took B．cost C．paid D．spent．
分析：哇，你的毛衣很漂亮！谢谢．我两天前买的．它花费了我50美元．
解答：答案：B．
It takes sb some time to do sth．花费某人多长时间做某事．人+spend+时间/金钱+（in） doing sth表示某人花费时间/金钱做某事．人+spend+时间/金钱+on+名词，表示某人在某物上花费时间/金钱．sth costs sb+金钱，表示某物花了某人多少钱．人+pay+钱+for，表示为某物付钱．根据题干I bought it two days ago．It ____me＄50．可知这是某物花了某人多少钱，即sth costs sb+金钱，故选B．
点评：了解每个选项的含义是做好词类题型的关键，还要从句意桌搜，根据句意作答，所以平时的学习中要多积累词汇，才能很好的完成．

③意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨析．如find/find out；take/leave；explain/say…
例3：Can you ____a message？Yes．Please ask Tom to ring me back．（　　）
A．give B．take C．leave．
分析：你能帮我带个口信吗？可以．请让汤姆给我回电话．
解答：答案：B．
句意"你能帮我带个口信吗？可以．请让汤姆给我回电话．"give给，take带，leave离开．take a message带个口信，固定搭配，故选B．
点评：动词是表示动作或者状态的词，要结合语境，注意时态、人称等的变化，掌握常用的固定搭配．

【解题方法点拨】
①分析词义，根据上下句意思进行选择．
②根据常用动词的用法进行筛选．
③根据动词的固定短语用法，进行筛选．
④分析句子时态，选择动词的正确形式作答．
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词的词义辨析、意义相近但容易混淆的动词、常用动词的习惯用法、常用动词短语．这些是考查的重点．
9．时态辨析
【概括】
所谓时态，在英语中，就是通过动词的不同形式变化来表达不同时间内以不同的方式发生的动作或存在的状态．在初中阶段，学生必须了解和掌握的时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时．其中过去将来时和现在完成进行时不作重点要求．
【辨析列表】
时态
辨析种类
现在时
一般现在时和现在进行时
现在完成时和现在完成进行时
现在完成时和一般过去时
过去时
一般过去时和过去进行时
一般过去时和过去完成时
．
【一般现在时和现在进行时】
①一般现在时表示现在的状态，经常发生的动作．现在进行时表示说话时刻或现在一段时间里正在进行的动作．
②一般现在时表示一个持久的动作，现在进行时表示一个暂时性的动作．
③一般现在时与现在进行时在表示将来上有区别．如果用一般现在时表示将来，主要是根据时间表的安排一定要发生的将来的动作，而不是个人主观的安排．如果用进行时表示将来，主要是指一个已经计划好的动作．
【现在完成时和现在完成进行时】
用法：现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一个从过去的某一个时刻开始，一直延续到现在（说话时刻），并且可能继续下去的动作．
①如果句子中有表示一段时间的状语，两种时态可以互换．
例：
I have read all day．
I have been reading all day．
以上两句话都表示我读了一天的书
②在没有表示一段时间的状语的句子中，多数动词在两种时态中表示的意思不同．
例：
I have been writing my term paper． 我一直在写我的学期论文．（表示动作还在继续）
I have written my term paper． 我的学期论文写完了． （表示动作已经结束）
③现在完成时表示动作已经结束，强调动作的结果和影响．现在完成进行时表示动作有可能还会继续下去，强调动作的过程．
例：
He has been writing articles for our magazine these few years， and he has written about twenty articles．
【现在完成时和一般过去时】
①一般过去时和现在完成时都表示一个在过去完成了的动作．一般过去时通常说明动作是哪一个具体时间内完成的，与现在没有任何关系．现在完成时强调的是完成了的动作对现在的影响，或是动作的结果．
例：
I saw that film last week．我上周看的那个电影．（强调看电影的时间是"上周"）
I have seen that film． 我看过那个电影了．（强调结果是"我看过了"）
She studied in Beijing last year．她去年在北京学习． （不涉及现在是否还在北京）
She has studied in Beijing for two years． 她在北京学习两年了． （说明她现在还在北京学习）
②现在完成时可以用来表示一种结果，也就是提供或宣布新信息．但是如果要继续谈论这个话题，则要用过去时．
例：
I have found many ways to improve my vocabulary． The first thing I did was to try to spend half an hour each day reading the newspaper．
（这里have found many ways是宣布信息，the first thing I did是继续谈论这个话题）
【一般过去时和过去进行时】
①过去进行时强调动作正在进行之中，表达的是一个还没有完成的动作．而一般过去时说明过去发生的一个动作，往往表示动作已经完成了．
例：
He was watching that TV program last night．昨晚他正在看那个电视节目．（表示正在看的过程中，还没看完）
He watched that TV program last night．昨晚他看了那个电视节目．（表示动作已经结束了）
②有时一个句子用一般过去时或者过去进行时，意思上并没有区别，只是侧重点不同．一般过去时侧重事实，说明过去某时发生了某事，而过去进行时侧重在动作持续时间的长度上．
例：
It snowed last night． 昨晚下雪了．
（说明昨晚下过雪这件事）
It was snowing all last night．昨晚一直在下雪．
（强调雪下的时间长）
③在有时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句和从句表示两个动作持续的时间大致相等，可以都用过去进行时．如果动作持续时间有长有短，持续时间长的动作用过去进行时，持续时间短的用一般过去时．
例：
He was watching TV while I was cooking the dinner．我做饭的时候他在看电视．
（was watching和was cooking两个动作同时延续着，不分时间长短）
While he was eating， I asked him to lend me some money 他吃饭时，我叫他借给我点钱．
（eat这一动作持续时间长，所以用过去进行时．ask这个动词只表示一个短暂行为，应该用一般过去时）
【一般过去时和过去完成时】
用法：过去完成时并不是表示过去完成的动作，而是表示在过去某一时刻之前完成的动作．
例：
We had visited the zoo last week．（错误）
We visited the zoo last week．（正确）
（因为这是一个过去完成的动作，且只有一个动作，所以用一般过去时）
We had visited the zoo before we left Beijing．（正确）
因为这里有两个动作："离开"和"参观"，"参观"这一动作发生在"离开"之前，因此应该用过去完成时．
注意：只有一个动作发生在过去某一时刻之前，或一个已经发生了的动作之前，才能用过去完成时来表示．所以过去完成时是一种表示过去的过去的动作的时态．
10．句型转换
【概念】
英语学习中，我们会遇到很多种英语句型，不同的句型之间其实是可以按照一定规则相互转换的．
【类型】
一、改为一般疑问句
1、先找be动词am， is， are， was， were或情态动词can， may ，must， would，should ，could．如果有这些词，直接把这些词放在句子最前面，some 改成any，句号改成问号，其余照抄；（如果主语是第一人称则变成第二人称）
2、如果句子中没有be动词或者是情态动词，要在句子最前面加助动词do 、does或者是did．首先判断句子时态，如果句子是过去式，则要在句最前面加Did，后面动词用原型，some改成any，句号改成问号，其余照抄；（如果主语是第一人称则变成第二人称）
如果句子不是过去式，则判断是否为第三人称单数，如果第三人称单数，要在句子最前面前加助动词Does，后面动词用原型，some 改成any，句号改成问号，其余部分照抄．（如果主语是第一人称则变成第二人称）
其他情况均要在句子最前面加助动词do，some改成any，句号改成问号，其它部分照抄． （如果主语是第一人称则变成第二人称）
二、改为否定句
1、先找be动词am， is， are， was， were或情态动词can， may ，must， would，should ，could．如果有这些词，直接在这些词的后面加not，some 改成any，其余照抄；
2、如果句子中没有be动词或者是情态动词，要在动词前面加don't 、doesn't或者是didn't．
首先判断句子时态，如果句子是过去式，则要在动词前面加didn't，后面动词用原型，some改成any，其余照抄；
如果句子不是过去式，则判断是否为第三人称单数，如果第三人称单数，要在动词前面前加doesn't，后面动词用原型，some 改成any，其余部分照抄．
其他情况均要在句子动词前面加don't，some改成any，其它部分照抄．
三、对某部分提问
第一步：先把句子改成一般问句
第二步：把提问部分省略，在句子最前面加疑问词．（如果提问部分是动词词组，要把它改成do；如果提问部分是动名词词组，要把它改成doing）
（注：如划线部分为主语，则用who代替，其余照抄；如划线部分为动词或动词短语，则用do代替，句前加what，再改为一般疑问句）例：Jim is good at English and Maths． （对画线部分提问）
考点：句型转换
分析：吉姆擅长英语和数学．
解答：What is Jim good at ？ 考查句型转换题，对划线部分提问，首先要确定疑问词，对事物进行提问用疑问词What ，再加be/情态动词/助动词+主语，所以为What is Jim good at ？
点评：句型转换题中首先要确定疑问词，再加一般疑问句．
【常用疑问句示例】
单词 意思 用法
when 什么时间 问时间
who 谁 问人
whose 谁的 问主人
where 在哪里 问地点
which 哪一个 问选择
why 为什么 问原因
what 什么 问东西
what time 什么时间 问时间
what colour 什么颜色 问颜色
what about …怎么样 问意见
what day 星期几 问星期
what date 什么日期 问具体日期
what for 为何目的 问目的
how …怎么样 问情况
how old 多大 问年龄
how many 多少 问数量
how much 多少 问价钱
how about …怎么样 问意见
how far 多远 问路程
11．宾语从句
【概念】
（1）宾语从句：宾语从句是名词性从句的一种．宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句．宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句．但是在初中阶段，主要要求学生掌握动词的宾语从句．
例如：
John said that he was good at swimming．
约翰说他擅长游泳．
My teacher asked me why I was late for school．
我的老师问我为什么上学迟到了．
（2）连接词
引导宾语从句的连接词分为：从属连词，连接代词、连接副词．
①从属连词：that，whether，if．
②连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever．
③连接副词：when，where，why，how，whenever，however．
【用法】
（1）宾语从句的引导词
①由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句．用在如say，think，wish，hope，see，believe，agree，expect，hear，feel等动词后．连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略．例如：
The radio says （that） it will be cloudy tomorrow．
无线电报道明天将要阴天．
Tom's mother told him （that） Mary was a good girl．
汤姆的妈妈告诉他玛丽是个好姑娘．
②由连词if、whether 引导的宾语从句．if、whether主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序．whether，if 意思是"是否"，在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换．例如：
I don't know if/whether the sports meeting will be put off．
我不知道是否运动会将会推迟．
The teacher asked if/whether they could hand in their homework on time．
老师问是否他们能准时交上作业．
③以连接代词which，what，who等或连接副词how，where，why 等引导的宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序．例如：
I want to know what he has told you．
我想知道他告诉了你什么．
She always thinks of how she can work well．
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好．
（2）宾语从句的时态
①当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态．例如：
I want to know what time he got up this morning．
我想知道他今天早上什么时候起床的．
I know she has studied English since 2010．
我知道她自从2010年以来已经学英语了．
②当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的时态．例如：
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了．
He asked what Jim was doing now．
他问吉姆现在在做什么．
③当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时．例如：
My brother asked whether light travels faster than sound．
我弟弟问光是否比声音传播得快．
Mary said no news is a good news．
玛丽说没有消息就是好消息．
【易混淆点】
★注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外．
①当从句做介词的宾语时，只用whether不用if．
We are talking about whether we'll go shopping．
我们正在谈论我们是否将去购物．
②引导词与动词不定式或 not连用时，只用whether．
Please let me know what we can do next．
请让我知道我们下一步能做什么．
Could you tell me whether you have a beautiful dog or not？
你能告诉我你是否你又一条漂亮的狗吗？
③if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether．
We can go by bus if it rains heavily tomorrow．
如果明天下大雨，我们可以乘公交车去．
【解题方法点拨】
1、牢记所有的宾语从句要陈述语序，这也是考试的重点和难点．例如：
①The teacher asked the students ________．
A．if they were interested in dinosaurs B．when was Albert Einstein born
C．what they will do with the computers D．how many trees they have planted
答案：A 解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D，答案A中的if 意为如果．
②It makes no difference __________．
A．whether will you come tomorrow．
B．Whether or not will be pass the exam
C．If he will come to the meeting or not
D．Whether he will come to the meeting or not
答案：D 解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉，if不能与not连用．因此此题选D．
2、根据主句的时态，正确使用宾语从句的时态．例如：
①We didn't know which room ________．
A．he lived B．he lived in C．did he live D．he lives in
答案：B 解析：主句是一般过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态，排除D；宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除C；live是不及物动词，不能省略介词in，排除A．故选 B．
②Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth．
A．went B．turned C．go D．turns
答案：D 解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响．故选 D．
3、准确把握宾语从句的引导词．例如：
①He asked me _______ I could sing the song"My Heart will Go On．"
A．if B．weather C．what D．that
答案：A 解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词，故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A．
②I am sure _______ you said is true．
A．what B．that C．which D．who
答案：A 解析：根据句意应用what，做said 的内容，意思是"你所说的话"．故选A．
【中考命题方向】
宾语从句在中考是考查的重点，主要考查引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择，宾语从句的语序，宾语从句的时态三个方面．考查方式灵活多样，经常以单项选择、完形填空、动词填空、完成句子的形式考查，甚至书面表达也可以考查宾语从句．
12．情境对话
【考查能力介绍】
①情境对话的常见考查形式有听力理解、单项选择、情景反应、分栏进行情景配对等．
②情境对话主要考查英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言，并从实际出发，考查交际语言的运用能力．
【解题方法点拨】
①对于听力理解，我们需要在听录音之前熟悉所给材料，根据选项内容做出预判，从而在听录音时能快速抓住关键词，做出迅速正确的反应．
②对于单项选择题，我们需要：首先，读懂题干，理解对话的交际场合和交际意图，从而明确答题方向；其次，结合选项和上下文语境，确认符合语境的回答方式．
③对于情景反应题，我们要根据已给出的对话情境，结合所学话题相关知识来填写正确的符合情境的句子．
④对于分栏搭配题，我们可以先易后难，用排除法先选出自己已经确定对应交际用语的选项，把不确定选项留到最后，以免出现连环错误．
解题步骤（以题为例）
﹣Thank you for helping me with my English．
﹣_______． I hope you can do better in it．（　　）
A．Good idea B．See you C．I'm not sure D．You're welcome
考点：情境对话．
分析：﹣﹣谢谢你帮我学英语．
﹣﹣不用谢．我希望你能学得更好．
解答：A好主意，B再见，C我不确定，D不用谢；根据前句"谢谢你帮我学英语"和后句"我希望你能学得更好"可知，要用"不用谢"，其它选项语意不通．故选：D．
点评：考查情境对话，要根据所表达的内容，用正确的单词和短语、恰当的句型和准确的时态．

你想知道现在几点，可以这样问： ？
考点：情境对话．
解答：这是一个情景反应题．题目已给出了对话情境"你想知道现在几点，可以这样问"，根据对话情境可知这里要问"现在几点了"，根据所学交际用语可以答题：What time is it？
【解题技巧】
在情境对话中答题中，我们要注意"三从""五忌"答题策略的应用：
①"三从"是指遵从礼貌原则、利他原则和跨文化交际原则；
②"五忌"是指忌简单照搬、忌中文思维、忌直接拒绝、忌答非所问、忌从字面理解．
【中考命题方向】
英语的交际性和实用性是中考考查的热点和难点，近年来中考交际英语中情境对话的比重有所加大．命题时常根据日常交际用语及应答结合具体语境综合设题，但都在大纲要求的交际用语项目之内，只要平时注意积累，就不难解答．
13．记叙文
【概念及特点】
完形填空题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词（或短语），每个空白处提供四个选项，要求从中选出一个最佳答案，使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语法错误的题型．
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型．它题材广泛，体裁多样．文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等．而夹叙夹议型文章成为近几年完形填空变化的一个特点．篇章大多有10或15个小题，难度符合《新课程标准》的要求．
完形填空题的特点：
1、完形填空题能够较为全面地考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力．这一题型的主要考查内容为：
（1）语言知识型．考查语言基础知识，如固定短语、基本句型、基础语法、单词在一定语境下的具体应用、习惯用法、常用搭配等．
（2）推理判断型．考查对篇章的整体理解和推理判断能力．
（3）综合型．综合考查知识和能力．
2．完形填空题所选文章有以下两大特点：
（1）所选文章是一个有机的整体尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容、句与句之间的衔接点、句子与段落之间的联系、段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍存在于篇章之中．
（2）文章选材广泛
近几年在试题设计上选择了学生感兴趣的热门话题，降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查，注重上下文联系，突出综合运用英语的能力，全面测试考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力、逻辑分析能力和推理判断能力．因此，考生做完形填空题时，要快速通读全文，理解文章大意与各段落的中心意思，把握文章脉络和作者的写作意图．
【命题趋势】
完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔7﹣10个词，短文第一个句子作为提示句，一般不设空，并且短文被删去的词多是实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词）为主，而虚词（介词、连词、冠词）相对较少，甚至不设空．其特点如下：
1．以考查实词为主
信息词汇（或通常所说的"实词"）比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势．
2．降低了对单词本身词义的考查要求
突出该题型的主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注意关联．
3．增加了考查连词的题
考查考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及对文句之间关联性的理解．
4．注重结合语境考查对词语用法的掌握
主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析与习惯搭配．同义词与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义．如果只是一一对应地记单词的中文意思，不注意具体语境中单词的确切含义，是难以分辨一些词的细微差异的．
【解题步骤】
1．通读全文，了解大意
做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤．通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓．
完形填空题不同于单项填空题，单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据设空句或前后语境就可以选出答案．而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，答案的选择要联系整段或整篇文章．切勿为了省时而边看边填；否则，只会欲速则不达．许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂非懂，从而举棋不定，这样不仅错误率高，而且费时费力．
每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必须能承上启下，前后呼应，句与句之间也一定紧密相连，形成一个有机的整体．因此通读全文时要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能理解短文的大意即可．某些细节不理解可以跳过，如果不影响答题，可以置之不理；如果与答题有关，可等到第二步填空时再解决．另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们往往能够提供主要的信息，有助于我们把握全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想．
2．瞻前顾后，初选答案
在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题．根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，凭借语感先选出比较容易的答案．有些题目设计得很巧妙，由下文暗示上文，很有可能开头的空格填入四个选项在语法上都成立，但正确选项要到文章末尾才能知道．反之亦然，文章末尾的空格有可能在上文找到提示性的内容．
3．每空细读，分析斟酌
逐句精读，逐题分析选项，有少数空格需多方面地推敲分析，如词义分析、语法结构分析、上下文推理分析等，下面是从所给四个选项角度考虑的解题思路：
（1）若考查冠词，则须依据短文空白后单词的第一个音素来确定是用a还是an，根据空格后名词是表示特指还是泛指来确定是用不定冠词a/an还是用定冠词the，或根据冠词的习惯用法来确定．
（2）若是考查介词或副词（如up，out，of，away等）可先从固定搭配入手；若不属于固定搭配，则根据句子结构及介词和副词的意义及用法仔细进行推敲从而作出选择．
（3）若四个选项是名词，则须注意名词的单复数形式、所有格形式等．
（4）如考查形容词或副词，则须根据其所在句中的作用以及它前面的修饰语等来确定是什么词性，是应用比较级还是最高级．
（5）如果考查动词，要么考查在特定语境中动词词义的辨析，要么考查某些固定搭配或时态、语态以及非谓语动词形式等．
（6）若选项是连接词、关系词或连词，则应根据句子结构和上下文的意思决定是选择连接（关系）代词还是连接（关系）副词．也可从连词的一些惯用法或固定搭配等入手，如not．…until、as．…as、not so…as或用because不用so、用but不用though等．
4．复核全文，清除疏漏
所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整，经过第三步的逐句推敲之后，对短文内容的理解更为深刻，最初选择时有些难解或误解的问题这时就很容易判断，从而也就能得到更好的解决．这一步费时不多却很有必要．
【注意事项】
1．重视首尾句
完形填空所选的短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空格，它很可能是文章开篇的重要交代，为预测短文体裁及全文大意提供重要信息．尾句往往是段落的灵魂．首尾句往往是文章的主题句，在主题句中，一般可能出现文章的背景知识，故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事件等，抓住并理解主题句对统观全文有很大的帮助．
2．先易后难
首先做那些只要根据上下文就能确定答案的直接的、明显的题目，即考查固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构等的题目．对于生疏的人名、地名以及次要的修饰词可暂时搁置一旁，这些东西往往纷杂、累赘，甚至令人厌烦，可尽量绕开它们．假如某个空格太难而一时拿不准选哪一个，可先把它放在一边进行"冷却"，把容易做的全部做好，这样就增强了信心，同时也降低了试题的难度，原来的难题也就不攻自破了．
3．巧断生词
如果句子中有个别生词，要通过上下文或构词法知识来推断它的词义．"熟词新义"的情况有时也会碰到，要注意灵活处理．有时，生词对解题根本没什么影响，所以碰到生词大可不必紧张．
4．以长补短，灵活作答
有的同学英语背景知识丰富，有的语感好，有的语法知识比较扎实，有的逻辑推理能力较强．总之要充分发挥自己的特长，以长补短，灵活作答，综合判断．
5．充满信心，集中精力
答题时头脑中切忌出现自己"解不出""做不完""看不懂"等坏信号．集中精力可使答题一气呵成，既有利于答题效率的提高，又能保证答题的准确性．
【解题方法】
1、利用语境及逻辑关系解题
完形填空的文章结构严谨，层次分明，句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间、上文与下文之间的逻辑关系很强．有些选项，不仅要符合语法的要求，更要符合语境及逻辑关系．如：
（2018盐城）I have had a long career as a nurse． I have met many patients． 28 _， I have never met another girl like Katy．
28． A． Instead B． Besides C．Therefore D． However
Instead代替；而不是，替代关系；Besides除此之外，递进关系；Therefore因此，因果关系However然而，转折关系．根据上文 "I have many patients．"以及下文 "I have never met another girl like Katy" 根据前后的逻辑关系，此处为转折关系，表示虽然见过很多病人，但是从没见过像Katy这样的女孩．这样就选出答案D项．
2、利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面．习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，不能随意改动．所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法．对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势．要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量、掌握词语搭配知识并具有词语辨析的能力，特别：是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力．如：
（2018扬州）For a couple of days afterward， Max 25 a new title for me．
25． A． worked out B． turned out C． carried out D． tried out
work out意为 "得出"；turn out意为"结果是"；carry out意为 "执行"；try out意为 "尝试"，符合句意 "后来的几天，马克斯试图用新头衔称呼我．"所以此题只要对这些短语加以辨析就能找到答案B．
3、利用上下文或复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现、释义复现、代词复现等．因此，利用上下文寻找复现信息能帮助考生尽快确定答案．
（2017南通） Just as he had thrown down his wood， he heard his mother's weak voice from her bedroom． "I am 29 ， and longing for some tea．"
29． A． thirsty B． hungry C． sleepy D． busy
四个备选选项都能作表语，语法上没有错误，但如果读到后一句的longing for some tea，就能通过这种释义复现的方式看出妈妈要喝水，口渴的，这样就能选出答案A．
4、利用背景及常识解题
完形填空试题正朝着语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展，语言运用与情景交际融为一体．因此解题时，考生的英语语言知识和其他方面的知识都发挥着重要的作用．
考生可充分对自己已掌握的文化背景、社会经验及生活常识巧妙地加以运用，这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去．如：
（2018泰州） Last autumn， my 80﹣year﹣old grandmother was having problems with her heart． My family sent her to the 16 ．
After a careful examination， a famous doctor told my grandmother， "You have such a 17_____ heart condition that you should have an operation．"
16． A． park B． hotel C． restaurant D． hospital
17． A． wonderful B． serious C． difficult D． proper
这两个小题都可以利用生活常识来解题．一般来说，人们身体出现问题，都送去医院，hospital符合题意；而奶奶需要一台手术，证明心脏病情是严重的，serious符合题意．因此，只要对备选选项的词义有基本的了解，答案就很容易选出．
总之，考生要在"读﹣填﹣读"的过程中遵循以下方针：抓住首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意；理解词义，瞻前顾后，先易后难，逐个突破；重读全文，个个审核，验证答案，战胜自我．
14．人物故事类阅读
【考查类型】
（1）阅读理解考查类型：
1．主旨大意
2．文中细节
3．词义猜测
4．推理判断．
（2）文中细节的考查类型：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．综合信息题．
【解题方法】
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义．
【常见的提问方式】
1．According to the passage，who/what/where/which/when/why/how，etc．？
2．Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned？
3．Which of the following is the correct according to the passage？
15．科普知识类阅读
【考查类型】
（1）阅读理解考查类型：
1．主旨大意
2．文中细节
3．词义猜测
4．推理判断．
（2）文中细节的考查类型：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．综合信息题．
【解题方法】
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义．
【常见的提问方式】
1．According to the passage，who/what/where/which/when/why/how，etc．？
2．Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned？
3．Which of the following is the correct according to the passage？
16．首字母阅读填空
【考查能力介绍】
①首字母阅读填空常要求考生根据短文意思和所提供的首字母，写出一个完整、正确由能使短文通顺的单词．
②首字母阅读填空考查范围极广，是完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力．它要求考生要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，还要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量．
③该题的考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类．
【解题方法点拨】
做首字母阅读填空题，我们需要在自身知识积累足够的基础上，掌握一定的方法，以便快速准确地答题．
①通读全文，跳过空格，了解全文大意；
②结合所给首字母，综合考虑，初步确定答案；
③仔细推敲，注意词形的变化，从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性；
④复读全文，确保填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确，避免不必要的失分．
解题步骤（以题为例）
Once， there was a little grey planet． People living on it hadn't looked after it well．（1）A____ they had excellent inventions and spaceships beyond our imagination， they made the planet（2）f____ of rubbish and pollution． As a result there were no plants or（3）a____ left．
One day， a little boy was walking on the（4）p____． When he passed a cave（山洞）， he noticed a small red（5）f____ in it． The flower was sick and almost dying． The boy（6）d____ it out carefully with its root and some soil． Then he tried to find somewhere to plant it， but he failed． He looked up in the sky and he found the（7）m____． He thought the flower might grow（8）w____ on the moon． So he climbed into a spaceship with the flower and（9）f____ to the moon． He grew the flower on the moon and took care of it every day． Soon the flowers spread all over the moon and the moon was（10）c____ with red flowers．
When all the flowers come out， the moon looks（11）____， like a warning light． If we don't look（12）a____ our earth carefully， the day will come when flowers will only be able to grow on the moon．
这是2018年咸宁的最新中考题，解题时要先通读全文，可以根据语境推知：（1）以首字母A开头的复合句前后是转折关系，应该用连词Although；（2）考查固定搭配，be full of；（3）以a开头和plants（植物）并列，很容易就能联想到是说动物，根据plants可知要用复数形式，animals；（4）（5）（7）（11）需要联系上下文从文中寻得答案，是送分题；（6）可根据语境得知是要挖出花儿，用动词dig，涉及到动词就需要考虑时态，上下文都是一般过去时，这里也需要用过去式dug；（8）以w开头用以修饰动词grow的，根据语境可知要用well；（9）根据提示词spaceship和首字母f可知应该是要飞向月球，同样用过去式flew；（10）根据spread all over the moon可以知道月球上被红花所覆盖，用固定搭配be covered with；（11）根据语境和首字母a可知此处要用after来组成词组look after．题目做完之后，把答案代入题中凭语感就可判断处答案正确与否．
【中考命题方向】
首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市题经常采用的题型之一．从近几年的考题来看，首字母填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，各大词类几乎都有涉及．所设文章短小、精致，体裁不一，题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点．
17．翻译填空
【概念】
翻译填空是指结合给出的单词或短语的意思，填出正确的答案．
【解题方法点拨】
（1）当遇到一个需要填的词时，首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？
If you stay up for your favorite TV programs， you will feel s _______（困倦的）
考点；翻译填空．
分析：如果你熬夜看你最喜欢的电视节目，你会感到困倦．
解答：困倦的sleepy，形容词做表语，根据句意和首字母可知，答案为sleepy．故答案是sleepy．
点评；根据汉语完成句子是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语．另外，学生多积累单词和短语，也有助于解答这类题目．
（2）如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式．
Wearing red can help you make a _______（决定）．
考点：翻译填空．
分析：穿红色衣服可以帮助你做出决定．
解答：考查翻译填空．句意：穿红色衣服可以帮助你做出决定．根据汉语提示及其英语句子，可知要翻译的部分为：决定．英语表达是decision．前有冠词a，所以用名词单数．故答案为decision．
点评：做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化．
（3）如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级．
（4）如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑东西的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词﹣ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等．
His father _______to buy him an e﹣dictionary as his birthday present，he felt excited．（答应）
考点：翻译填空．
分析：他父亲答应给他买一个电子词典作为生日礼物，他感到很兴奋．
解答：根据His father_____﹣to buy him an e﹣dictionary as his birthday present，he felt excited，可知他父亲答应给他买一个电子词典作为生日礼物，他感到很兴奋，从felt判断句子使用一般过去时，promise，动词，答应．故填：promised．
（5）如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法．
（6）如果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词．
（7）另外要注意一些固定句型的完整．
【易混淆点】
（1）注意翻译填空和单词填空的区别．
（2）根据常用短语，固定用法，及其一些动词、名词、形容词的变化规律作答．
（3）掌握单词的拼写，再根据语境语义来做出正确答案．
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查单词和短语的意思，及其它们在句子中的正确形式．这些是考查的重点．
18．选词完成句子
【概念】
选词完成句子题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据本句或前后句就可以判定所选的答案．
【解题方法点拨】
1．当遇到一个需要填的词时，首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？
2．如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式．
3．如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级．
4．如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑东西的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词﹣ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等．
5．如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法．
6．如果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词．
7．另外要注意一些固定句型的完整．
例如：
creative kept out set up reminds feel disappointed
（1）I was _____ to see she wasn't at the party．
（2）Jessica Wong sells her bags in a small shop， but she has also ______ an outline business to sell them．
（3）Although some people think street performers are boring， I think they are _______ people．
（4）It was quite hard for her to ______ good about speaking French．
（5）The story ______ us that you can never know what's possible unless you try to make it happen．
分析：
（1）看到她没参加聚会，我很失望．
（2）Jessica Wong在一个小商店里卖她的包，但她也设立了一个大纲业务来出售这些产品．
（3）虽然有些人认为街头艺人很无聊，但我认为他们是有创造力的人．
（4）对她来说说法语很难让她感觉很好．
（5）这个故事提醒我们，除非你想让它发生，否则你永远不可能知道什么是可能的．
解答：
（1）disappointed 考查形容词．根据后句see she wasn't at the party．可知结合选项，应说看到她没参加聚会，我很失望．故答案为disappointed．
（2）set up 考查短语．根据前句Jessica Wong sells her bags in a small shop可知结合选项，应说但她也设立了一个大纲业务来出售这些产品．句子是现在完成时，结构为has\have+done．set up 建立．故答案为set up．
（3）creative 考查形容词．根据前句Although some people think street performers are boring，虽然有些人认为街头艺人很无聊，可知结合选项，应说但我认为他们是有创造力的人．故答案为creative．
（4）feel 考查动词．根据前后句It was quite hard for her to…good about speaking French．可知结合选项，应说对她来说说法语很难让她感觉很好．It was quite hard for sb to do sth．故答案为feel．
（5）reminds 考查动词．根据后句you can never know what's possible unless you try to make it happen．可知结合选项，应说这个故事提醒我们，除非你想让它发生，否则你永远不可能知道什么是可能的．句子是一般现在时，主语是the story，第三人称单数，故答案为reminds．
方法积累：
①注意掌握一些短语和固定用法．
②根据句子的语境，判断句子的时态，通过时态来决定所填词的正确形式．
③掌握各个选项的含义，再根据语境语义来选择正确的选项．
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查常用短语和固定句型的意思，意义相近的词或短语．这些是考查的重点．
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