北京高考英语阅读表达题十篇（附解析）

这是一份北京高考英语阅读表达题十篇（附解析），共28页。

一、
Teochew Opera fights for survival
BANGKOK－On a hot and humid night in northern Thailand, a group of performers in colorful costumes, accompanied by crashing gongs and drum beats, draw crowds to a makeshift stage. It’s a performance of the Teochew (潮汕) Opera Luo Shen staged by Qing Nang Yu Lou Chun, a professional troupe which has enjoyed over 80 years of history in Thailand.
Thanks to a vast number of Chinese immigrants who spread the Teochew dialect across Southeast Asia, Teochew Opera used to be a popular form of entertainment in Thailand. As one of the best-known Teochew Opera troupes in the Southeast Asian country, it was once invited to perform for the Thai royal family. But now, things are completely different.
The audiences of Teochew Opera are mostly older Thai Chinese. As time goes by, the community of both actors and fans dwindles. Sometimes the audiences have fewer members than the number of actors onstage.
Behind the scenes, actors huddle in a small, crowded backstage filled with their costumes and props, and spend nearly two hours applying layers of makeup before the show. Not far from the stage, a six-wheeled truck is loaded with all the belongings of the troupe. However, times are harder than usual for the group, which is currently facing the challenges posed by the ongoing pandemic. “The average number of performances was 300 per year before the pandemic, but now it is less than 100,”says Wu Guide, vice-chairman of the Thai Teochew Opera Association and head of Qing Nang Yu Lou Chun.
The loss of actors is also putting the preservation of Teochew Opera in Thailand at risk. Zhuang Meilong, 81, the founder of the Thai-Chinese Dramatic Arts Institute, is struggling to stop the curtain from coming down forever on Teochew Opera in Thailand. “We are trying to translate operas into Thai to make them easier for the local audience, and also planning to establish an opera school in Bangkok,” Zhuang says.
Around midnight, when the lights go out on the stage, the old man takes off his costume and crawls into a tiny tent. In a couple of days, the company will roll into another village, and the curtain will rise again.
1．Why did Teochew Opera use to be a popular form of recreation in Thailand according to the passage? (2分)
2．What is Zhuang Meilong doing to help Teochew Opera survive in Thailand? (2分)
3．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.(3分)
The only reason for putting the preservation of Teochew Opera in Thailand at risk is that the loss of actors.
4．Nowadays, many people are discussing whether the old traditional culture, like Teochew Opera, is worth inheriting (传承) or should be sifted out through ages. What’s your opinion and why? (40词左右)(5分)
二、
Don’t put your elbows(肘) on the table. The soup spoon should never be put into the mouth. These are some of the examples of table manners. They show the way people behave while eating a meal. Actually, every family follows table manners in its own way. Even in families where no one mentions elbows, there are always behaviours taking effect when sharing meals.
Interestingly, different cultures have different thoughts on table manners-elbows on the table, for example, is very British. Some countries think burping(打嗝) after a meal is a sign that it was delicious. While it is important to keep silent while eating, in some areas it is actually as important to keep up the tradition of eating at the table as a family, with conversations and no mobile phones.
Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot. Few will want an ill-mannered person in their workplace, or social circle, and this is as relevant today as it was hundreds of years ago.
While globalization has led to the intermixing of cultures, the essence of table manners remains. “I was brought up to have table manners,” says celebrated chef Tony Tan, who grew up in Malaysia, eating Indian, Chinese and Malay cuisines with chopsticks, hands, spoon and fork. Tan, who went on to train as a chef in Paris and London, is an expert in Asian cuisines from Cantonese to Malaysian, which he teaches at his school in country Victoria-but the etiquette(礼节), particularly of his Chinese tradition, has remained. He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. When people don’t do that anymore, they lack manners and they lack good upbringing. ”
5．What are table manners?
6．Why are table manners important?
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after they get permission from the elders.
8．Apart from the rules mentioned in the passage, what other table manners do you have in your home? （In about 40 words）
三、
Each spring brings a new blossom of wildflowers in the ditches along the highway I travel daily to work.
There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eye. I’ve noticed that it blooms only in the morning hours, the afternoon sun is too warm for it. Every day for approximately two weeks, I see those beautiful flowers.
This spring, I started a wildflower garden in our yard. I can look out of the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers. I’ve often thought that those lovely blue flowers from the ditch would look great in that bed alongside other wildflowers.
Every day I drove past the flowers thinking, “I’ll stop on my way home and dig them.” “Gee, I don’t want to get my good clothes dirty…” I had wanted to stop and dig them but I didn’t make it anyhow. My husband even gave me a folding shovel one year to be used for that expressed purpose.
One day on my way home from work, I was saddened to see that the highway
department had mowed the ditches and the pretty blue flowers were gone. I thought to myself, “Way to go, you waited too long. You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring.”
A week ago we were shocked and saddened to know that my oldest sister-in-law has a terminal brain tumor. She is 20 years older than my husband and unfortunately, because of age and distance, we haven’t been as close as we all would have liked.
I couldn’t help but see the connection between the pretty blue flowers and the relationship between my husband’s sister and us. I do believe that God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us.
And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet I’ll stop and transplant them to my wildflower garden.
9．What caught the author’s eye along the highway she traveled daily to work?
10．In the author’s opinion, why couldn’t she get the flowers?
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author was saddened not only because the flowers were all gone but also because she had no time to create wonderful memories between her husband’s sister and them.
12．Please give some advice on how to develop a good connection with friends or relatives. (about 40 words)
四、
Math causes anxiety in kids, which can last far into adulthood. This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
Ironically, this well-known feature of mathematics is its greatest weakness.
When our kids ask why they need to know algebra, we promise them that it will be useful. Do we listen to jazz because it is useful? Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus? As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.
Happily, unlocking the pleasure of math is simple: Do what mathematicians do and seek out unexplored, unknown, undiscovered math.
Regrettably, the mathematical journey is imagined as a terrifying mountain: The wide base is arithmetic, accessible to everyone. Climbing higher brings us to algebra, geometry, and eventually calculus and beyond. We believe that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.
Here’s one: Can every even number be written as a sum of two prime numbers? Even numbers such as 8 and 30 can be written as 3+5 and 7+23. But can this be done for every even number? No one knows.
As our kids try to solve this kind of problems, a deeply encouraging truth will appear in their otherwise anxious hearts: It’s OK to struggle with math since everyone struggles with math.
These unsolved puzzles are the great equalizers, helping us realize that we are on the same level as the greatest of mathematicians, all of us staring over the unknown abyss, looking for a way down into the mystery.
13．What is the well-known feature of mathematics?
14．Why does math cause boredom?
15．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
16．What else do you think can make math fun?(In about 40 words)

五、
Is it possible to improve your brain function? The answer is “yes”.
Information in your brain is collected, stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time when you are growing into a baby. To keep our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually.
As we age, our lifestyles often change, stopping those pathways from being developed.
Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory. Our brain requires consistent stimulation, regardless of our age, and looking for ways to excite the production of new pathways is critical. Just like your physical muscles need to be used in different ways to make them stronger, our brain needs change to help challenge its abilities.
One simple way to stimulate the production of new pathways is trying something new.
Challenge your brain with puzzles, a new language or learning how to play an instrument. Anything different and new can stimulate your brain and memory. The best activities are the ones outside of your comfort zone. They push you as you develop new neural pathways. The effort involved in learning and committing to memory a new skill, with new terms and language, is a great way to exercise your brain.
Another way to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise. When you exercise your body, you are also working out your mind, because regular activity helps to improve the chemicals in your brain and to protect brain cells.
17．According to the passage, what can negatively affect our brain and memory?
18．Why are the best activities the ones outside of your comfort zone?
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks.
20．What else can you do to improve your brain function? (In about 40 words)
六、
For many students, having classes online makes them easily distracted. They face challenges when learning online.
A main source of distraction is digital technology. While electronic devices are required for online learning, they easily steal attention for long periods of time. Most students will hold their phones or leave them on their desks while studying. There is no doubt that during this time a text message from a friend can start a conversation that results in totally ignoring an assignment. Students might open new tabs to watch a fun video or scroll through social media threads. To overcome this challenge, students are encouraged to put all devices out of sight while working and build a solid timetable.
In addition to electronic devices, background noises can be a huge obstacle when it comes to online learning. In fact, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more. Television, family members, pets running in the house, or siblings listening to loud music can all be sources of interruption. Even weather can be a distraction! Imagine a strong wind blowing through the trees or a loud thunderstorm with rain. All these noises can end up disrupting students and affecting their study. A pair of headphones can minimize noise and help students stay on task.
Indeed, where and how we study can be a source of distraction as well. Some students wear comfortable pajamas while lying on their beds with laptops to watch class lectures. This can be a problem for concentration because humans mentally associate the bed with resting. Likewise, kitchens raise even more problems! Thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause a student to miss part of the class. This problem can be solved by trying to slowly train the brain to separate school time from resting and eating time. Also, a student can grab a light snack before class starts or even before starting an assignment.
Different students face different challenges at home. Students need to figure out ways to ensure they stay on track to achieve their academic goals.
21．According to the passage,what can students do to overcome distractions caused by digital technology while learning online?
22．Why do kitchens raise problems for students studying at home?
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.
To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
24．Please briefly introduce how online learning benefits you.(In about 40 words)
七、
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “ the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions ”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process — taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is not the same thing. “ Academics have expert knowledge, ” Sir Andrew observes. “ They don’t necessarily have judgment. ” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “ While good judgment is important to success, ” Sir Andrew cautions, “ success is not a signal that there has been good judgment. ”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences ( for example, “ I won’t get vaccinated ” or “ I won’t pay my bills ” ). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
25．What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement?
26．Why does Andrew say that expert knowledge is not the same as making judgements?
27．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
➢ Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
28．Please list other factors besides “ judgement ” that can lead to success and explain why. ( about 40 words )
八、
A new study asks the question: Do conversations end when people want them to? The answer is no.
The study included two parts.
The first part was an online survey that asked 806 people whether there was a moment recently they had wanted to end a conversation with a close friend and to estimate when that moment was in relation to when the talk reached its conclusion. The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab to chat about whatever they felt like for anywhere between one and 45 minutes.
67 percent of the respondents in the first part of the study said they wanted the conversation to end before it actually did, and most had secretly wished the chat had been either 50 percent longer or 50 percent shorter than it was.
“Whatever you think the other person wants, you may well be wrong,” says Adam Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”
In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversations wrapped up at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended when one of the parties wanted.
The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.
Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.
Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important, adding that conversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation”. However, she says, “It all falls apart at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”
Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’re chatting with wants is almost pointless. “You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoy the conversation.”
29．Where were the two parts of the study carried out?
30．In what way were the participants’ guesses wrong in the second part of the study?
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
32．If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly? Why or why not? （In about 40 words）
九、
How do you really know what career (职业) you want? You can do research and do personality tests but it’s still hard to really know for sure. For many jobs, as well, bosses are looking for people with work experience. You need to have a job to get experience but can’t get a job without experience.
So why not do some voluntary work? Yes, that means doing a job without pay. You can
Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”
In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversations wrapped up at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended when one of the parties wanted.
The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.
Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.
Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important, adding that conversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation”. However, she says, “It all falls apart at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”
Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’re chatting with wants is almost pointless. “You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoy the conversation.”
29．Where were the two parts of the study carried out?
30．In what way were the participants’ guesses wrong in the second part of the study?
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
32．If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly? Why or why not? （In about 40 words）
十、
How do you really know what career (职业) you want? You can do research and do personality tests but it’s still hard to really know for sure. For many jobs, as well, bosses are looking for people with work experience. You need to have a job to get experience but can’t get a job without experience.
So why not do some voluntary work? Yes, that means doing a job without pay. You can idea about resilience stands in clear contrast to our general understanding on how to deal with suffering and loss. Instead of “self care” and “healing”, he offers an aggressive approval of the will and of work.
Lift made Emerson become something of an expert on resilience. As a young man he lost the love of his life, his wife Ellen, to tuberculosis (肺结核). His oldest son, Waldo, died of Scarlet fever at five years old. Emerson’s recipe for such sorrow and depression was not to stay still. He was soon up and moving again, tending to work and a family—his two surviving children and his second wife.
In his essay “Self-Reliance”, he puts it this way: “Power ceases in the instant of repose (休息); resides in the moment of transition from a past to a new state, in the darting to an aim.” In the essay “Power”, Emerson writes that children who often retire to their rooms in sorrow when they are insulted or lose the game will be at a serious disadvantage in adult life. “But,” Emerson continues, “if they have the buoyancy (浮力) and resistance that preoccupies them with new interest in the new moment—the wounds heal, and the fiber is the tougher for the hurt.
Emerson’s resilience was shaped by his belief that we are mortal (凡人) and there is no other life than this. Nothing can make up for the time when you did not step forward and do what you have to do. The moral quality Emerson praises above all of these isn’t love or faith but a commitment to work. “But do your work and I shall know you,” he writes in “Self-Reliance.”
At a moment when loss, depression and suffering are fresh in our hearts and our minds, Emerson steps forward with a different mode of response. Don’t make yourself a patient. Instead, make life more demanding than it has been. Be tougher on yourself; fill your mind with your tasks and go after them, hard. When we are down, we need to get up and fight as best we can—not tomorrow, but now.
37．What is Emerson’s idea about resilience?
38．How did Emerson react to the great sorrow of his life?
39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Emerson believes that not only love and faith but also a commitment to work is the most important moral qualify.
40． Are you a person with resilience? Use your own experience to show it. (In about 40 words)

参考答案：
1．
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Thanks to a vast number of Chinese immigrants who spread the Teochew dialect across Southeast Asia, Teochew Opera used to be a popular form of entertainment in Thailand. (由于大量的中国移民将潮州方言传播到东南亚，潮州歌剧在泰国曾经是一种受欢迎娱乐形式)”可知，潮州歌剧在泰国曾经受欢迎的原因是大量的潮州移民将潮州方言传到了东南亚一带。故答案为Because a vast number of Chinese immigrants spread the Teochew dialect across Southeast Asia.
2．
考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“We are trying to translate operas into Thai to make them easier for the local audience, and also planning to establish an opera school in Bangkok. (为了方便当地观众，我们正在努力将歌剧翻译成泰语，并计划在曼谷建一个歌剧学校)”可知，为了让潮州歌剧在泰国幸存下来，庄美龙正努力把潮州歌剧译成泰语，并计划在曼谷建一所歌剧学校。故答案为Zhuang Meilong is trying to translate operas into Thaiand planning to establish an opera school in Bangkok.
3．
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“However, times are harder than usual for the group, which is currently facing the challenges posed by the ongoing pandemic. (然而，对该集团来说，形势比以往更困难，他们正面临着持续的疫情所带来的挑战)”以及“The loss of actors is also putting the preservation of Teochew Opera in Thailand at risk. (演员的流失也使泰国歌剧的保护面临危险)”可知，让泰国歌剧的保护面临危险的原因是持续的疫情和演员的流失。故
答案为The only reason for putting the preservation of Teochew Opera in Thailand at risk is that the loss of actors. Because the reasons for putting the preservation of Teochew Opera in Thailand at risk are the ongoing pandemic and the loss of actors.
4．
开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。潮州歌剧是我们中华民族文化瑰宝的一部分，属于非物质文化遗产，因此对歌剧进行保护与传承是我们每一个中华子孙的不可推卸的责任。故考答案为As far as I’m concerned, the old traditional culture, like Teochew Opera, is worth inheriting. Because it belongs to intangible culture heritage and is something extraordinary precious in our country. So it is our inescapable responsibility to protect and inherit it.
5．Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal.
6．Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success.
7．Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.
According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly.
8．In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了餐桌礼仪及其重要性。
5．
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“They show the way people behave while eating a meal.(它们展示了人们吃饭时的行为方式。)”可知，餐桌礼仪是人们吃饭时的行为方式。故答案为Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal.
6．
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. (餐桌礼仪很重要。它们是你性格的反映。这是对他人的尊重。当你和别人在一个社会环境中，你想要体谅你周围的人。餐桌礼仪也意味着你获得社交成功的“门票”。)”可知，餐桌礼仪很重要，因为餐桌礼仪可以反映出人的性格，比如尊重和体贴他人，他们也可以导致人们的社会成功。故答案为Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success.
7．
考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. (他说：“你必须邀请你的长辈开始吃饭，或者说，‘我们正在吃饭’，这样长辈就会说，‘开始吧’。”这是对老人的尊重。)”可知，如果他们的长辈说“开始吧”，年轻一代可以在长辈之前开始吃东西。所以他们在得到老人的允许后开始吃东西是可以接受的。故答案为>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.
According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly.
8．
开放题。要求考生陈述自己家中的餐桌礼仪，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.
9．One particular blue flower.
10．She didn’t want to get her clothes dirty.
11．The author was saddened not only because the flowers were all gone but also because she had no time to create wonderful memories between her husband’s sister and them. The author didn’t lack time, but didn’t make good use of time to create good memories.
12．Keep in touch with friends or relatives and regularly meet them, care about them. It’s important to show your kindness to them because it is the connection that keep us associated. Don’t wait for the loss of someone close to you to regret it.
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者每天上班的高速公路上，一种特别的蓝色花朵特别吸引人，但是作者并没有花时间去把花种到自己的花园里，最后花被移除了，作者非常后悔。这也不禁让作者想到了这些漂亮的蓝色花朵与自己丈夫的姐姐和他们之间的关系之间的联系。
9．
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eye. I’ve noticed that it blooms only in the morning hours, the afternoon sun is too warm for it.(有一种特别的蓝色花朵一直吸引着我的目光。我注意到它只在早上开花，下午的阳光对它来说太温暖了)”可知，在作者每天上班的高速公路上，一种特别的蓝色花朵吸引了她的眼球。故答案为One particular blue flower.
10．
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Gee, I don’t want to get my good clothes dirty(哎呀，我可不想把我的好衣服弄脏)”可知，作者不能得到花是因为不想弄脏衣服。故答案为She didn’t want to get her clothes dirty.
11．
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中“She is 20 years older than my husband and unfortunately, because of age and distance, we haven’t been as close as we all would have liked.(她比我丈夫大20岁，不幸的是，由于年龄和距离的关系，我们并没有像我们希望的那样亲密)”以及倒数第二段中“I do believe that God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us.(我相信上帝已经给了我们一些时间来种植一些美好的回忆，这些回忆每年都会为我们绽放)”可知，错误的部分是“God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us”，作者不是没有时间，而是没有好好利用时间去创造美好的回忆。故答案为The author was saddened not only because the flowers were all gone but also because she had no time to create wonderful memories between her husband’s sister and them. The author didn’t lack time, but didn’t make good use of time to create good memories.
12．
开放性题目。题干：请给出一些如何与朋友或亲戚发展良好关系的建议。可回答：与亲友保持联系，定期见面，关心他们。向他们展示你的善意是很重要的，因为这是保持我们联系的纽带。不要等到失去了你亲近的人才去后悔。故答案为Keep in touch with friends or relatives and regularly meet them, care about them. It’s important to show your kindness to them because it is the connection that keep us associated. Don’t wait for the loss of someone close to you to regret it.
13．Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
14．Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
15．● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
16．Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。数学会给孩子带来焦虑，这种焦虑会一直持续到成年。数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟。文章主要论述了数学的作用以及学习数学的乐趣。
13．
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.(数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟)”可知，数学的著名特征是数学是推动我们社会发展的科学技术的看门人。故答案为Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
14．
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus? As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.(人类喜欢实用，但我们也知道生活远不止这些。正如亚里士多德所说，知识始于好奇，但在代数或微积分中有什么好奇呢？事实证明，并不是很多。然而，它们构成了当今数学教育的基石。难怪数学让人感到无聊)”可知，数学会让人感到无聊是因为虽然数学被认为非常重要，但它几乎不会让学习者去思考。故答案为Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
15．
考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段“In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.(事实上，数学是存在的，而且还在不断进步，它的大部分仍然是一个广阔而未知的乡村。新鲜的想法不断被发现，打开新的和迷人的谜题。这些谜题让我们能够在数学未知的边缘进行游戏，其中许多谜题对我们的学生来说是可以理解的)”可知，根据这篇文章，作者认为数学对学生来说是容易理解的，新鲜的想法不断被发现。故“but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted”部分错误。故答案为● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
16．
开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你认为还有什么能让数学变得有趣？可回答：在团队中工作可以使数学变得有趣，因为双方的团队精神都可以得到启发和培养。 此外，解决数学问题的过程可以带来成就感，从而激发我们去享受数学。故答案为Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.
17．A decrease in exercise and less attention to the diet.
18．Because they can stimulate one’s brain and memory to develop new neutral pathways.
19．The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks. Because the other way mentioned in the passage to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise。
20．To improve brain function, we should pay more attention to the diet. And we should get enough mental exercise like reading and doing math. In addition, mediation is a good way to improve memory and learning.
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章指出大脑的功能是可以主动提升的，并介绍了两种促进神经通路形成、提升大脑功能的方法。
17．
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory.(两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对自身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆力都有着消极的影响)”可知，体育锻炼减少和不注意自身饮食会对大脑和记忆力产生负面影响。故答案为A decrease in exercise and less attention to the diet。
18．
推理判断题。根据第六段中“The best activities are the ones outside of your comfort zone. They push you as you develop new neural pathways. The effort involved in learning and committing to memory a new skill, with new terms and language, is a great way to exercise your brain.(最好的活动是那些舒适区之外的活动。它们会促使你发展新的神经通路。那些用于学习和致力于记住一项新技能、新术语或是语言所付出的努力，是锻炼大脑的极佳方式)”可知，舒适区之外的活动，也就是新奇的活动和经历可以激励大脑和记忆力，使人发展出新的神经通路，因此是最好的活动。故答案为Because they can stimulate one’s brain and memory to develop new neutral pathways。
19．
细节理解题。根据第五段“One simple way to stimulate the production of new pathways is trying something new.(一种简单的刺激新通路形成的方式是，尝试新鲜的事物)”和第七段中“Another way to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise.(另一个刺激新通路形成的方式是体育锻炼)”可知，文中提到的两种促进新的神经通路形成的方式分别是尝试新鲜事物和增加体育锻炼，即所给句子中“exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks”部分有误，应画线，故答案（所述理由）为The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks. Because the other way mentioned in the passage to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise。
20．
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory.( 两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对自身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆力都有着消极的影响)”可知，不注意自身饮食会阻碍新的神经通路形成，因此要避免这种行为，此外根据文中已经提到的提高大脑功能的方法还可联想到，适当地进行一些头脑训练，比如阅读、做数学题、练习冥想等。故答案为To improve brain function, we should pay more attention to the diet. And we should get enough mental exercise like reading and doing math. In addition, mediation is a good way to improve memory and learning。
21．They can put all devices out of sight while studying and build a solid timetable.
22．Because thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause them to miss part of the class.
23．To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
According to the passage, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.
24．With online learning, I enjoy more flexibility in rearranging courses and completing tasks. It also allows me to learn at my own pace. For instance, I can start and pause the video when it suits me to ensure that I’ve really mastered the material.
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导致许多学生在线学习时分心的原因。
21．
考查细节理解。根据第二段“To overcome this challenge, students are encouraged to put all devices out of sight while working and build a solid timetable.(为了克服这一挑战，学生们被鼓励在学习时将所有设备放在看不见的地方，并制定一个可靠的时间表。)”可知，学生在线学习时，可以把所有设备都放在视线之外，并制定一个可靠的时间表，以克服数码技术造成的分心。故答案为They can put all devices out of sight while studying and build a solid timetable.
22．
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Likewise, kitchens raise even more problems! Thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause a student to miss part of the class.(同样，厨房也会带来更多的问题！经常想着食物可能会干扰学习或导致学生错过部分课程。)”可知，厨房会给在家里学习的学生带来问题，因为经常想着食物会干扰学习或导致他们错过部分课程。故答案为Because thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause them to miss part of the class.
23．
考查细节理解。根据第三段“In addition to electronic devices, background noises can be a huge obstacle when it comes to online learning. In fact, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.(除了电子设备之外，背景噪音也是在线学习的巨大障碍。事实上，坐在静默环境中往往更突出背景噪音。)”可知，静默环境会更突出背景噪音，所以为了避免受到背景噪音的影响，学生们不能坐在静默环境中。故答案为To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
According to the passage, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.
24．
开放性题目。通过在线学习，我可以更灵活地重新安排课程和完成任务。它也让我能够按照自己的节奏学习。例如，我可以在合适的时候启动和暂停视频，以确保我真正掌握了材料。故答案为With online learning, I enjoy more flexibility in rearranging courses and completing tasks. It also allows me to learn at my own pace. For instance, I can start and pause the video when it suits me to ensure that I’ve really mastered the material.
25．He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
26．Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment.
27．Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.
28．Self-confidence is the factor of success. The reason is that when a person has self-confidence he believes in himself. He believes that he can and will succeed, and this gives him the courage to try new things.

【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断对于成功的重要性。
25．
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”.（伦敦商学院的Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定”。）”可知，安德鲁爵士对判断的定义是他将判断定义为个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定。故答案为He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
26．
考查细节理解。根据第二段““Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.”（“学者拥有专业知识，”安德鲁爵士说。“他们不一定有判断力。”）”可知，安德鲁说专业知识和判断是不一样的是因为有些人可能有专业知识，但他们不一定有判断力。故答案为Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment.
27．
考查细节理解。根据第二段““While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”（“虽然良好的判断力对成功很重要，”安德鲁爵士警告说，“成功不是一个有良好判断力的信号。”）”可知，成功不是有良好判断的信号。故答案为Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.
28．
开放题。列出除“判断”之外的一个能导致成功的因素，并解释原因。例如态度，性格，情商等，言之有理即可。参考答案为Self-confidence is the factor of success. The reason is that when a person has self-confidence he believes in himself. He believes that he can and will succeed, and this gives him the courage to try new things.
29．Online and in a lab.
30．By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
31．It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
32．If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others' feelings.
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究提出了这样一个问题：对话是否会在人们希望结束的时候结束？答案是否定的。
29．
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句中“The first part was an online survey(第一部分是一项在线调查)”和第二句中“The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab (第二部分，252人与实验室中的陌生人配对)”可知，研究的两个部分是在线上和实验室里进行的。故答案为Online and in a lab.
30．
考查细节理解。根据文章第七段最后一句“Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.(这些猜测是错误的，高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望，约占实际谈话长度的64%。)”可知，在研究的第二部分，参与者的猜测高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望。故答案为By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
31．
考查细节理解。根据文章第八段“Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.(综上所述，研究结果表明，我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿)”可知，找个合适的时间结束和亲密朋友的谈话是很不容易的，因为我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿，所以所给句子中easy一词表述有误。故答案为It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend. It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
32．
本题为开放型题目，言之有理即可，注意词数限制。题干：如果你想结束一段对话，你会直接告诉对方吗？为什么？为什么不？故答案为If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others’ feelings.
33．Because bosses want to look for people with work experience.
34．Because the Chinese Government has helped set up more than 24,000 volunteer service centres where people can go to find out how they can help their community.
35．Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, so people who do voluntary work can earn a lot of money from it.
Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, but people who do voluntary work can’t earn money from it because doing voluntary work means doing a job without pay.
36．If I have a chance, I want to teach English in a rural area. Reasons are as follows. First, English teachers are in need there. Secondly, English is my major. I believe that I can get the grammar and vocabulary across to the children. Last but not least, I can improve my English through teaching.

【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个尴尬的现象：你需要工作了才能获得工作经验，但是企业招工想找的是有经验的人，为了解决这个问题，建议人们可以先当志愿者，如去农村支教、为慈善机构做办公室工作、去医院帮忙、参加环保组织等志愿者活动，以获得工作经验。
33．
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“For many jobs, as well, bosses are looking for people with work experience. You need to have a job to get experience but can't get a job without experience.(对于很多工作来说，老板也在寻找有工作经验的人。你需要有工作才能获得经验，但是没有经验就找不到工作)”可知，企业需要有经验的人，而大学刚毕业的人还没工作过，所以没有工作经验，故答案是：Because bosses want to look for people with work experience.
34．
细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“It has helped set up more than 24.000 volunteer service cen tres where people can go to find out how they can help their community. (它帮助建立了24000多个志愿者服务中心，人们可以去那里了解如何帮助他们的社区)”可知，中国政府大力支持志愿者项目，故答案是：Because the Chinese Government has helped set up more than 24,000 volunteer service centres where people can go to find out how they can help their community.
35．
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Yes, that means doing a job without pay.(是的，那意味着做一份没有报酬的工作)”可知，志愿者工作使没有报酬的，所以所给句子的后半句是错的，需要划线，Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, so people who do voluntary work can earn a lot of money from it. Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, but people who do voluntary work can’t earn money from it because doing voluntary work means doing a job without pay.
36．
开放性试题。If I have a chance, I want to teach English in a rural area. Reasona are as follows. First, English teachers are in need there. Secondly, English is my major, I believe that I can get the grammar and vocabulary across to the children.Last but not least, I can improve my English through teaching.
37．An aggressive approval of the will and of work.
38．He was soon up and moving again, tending to work and a family.
39．Emerson believes that not only love and faith but also a commitment to work is the most important moral qualify.划线部分错误，因为原文是isn’t love or faith but
40．Yes,I am.When I first went to the senior school life which is different from the junior school life.The teachers in senior school tend to adopt different teaching methods and they pay more attention to the ability training . I turn to teachers and classmates for help and adjust to their methods soon.(答案不唯一)
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。讲述了爱默生的适应力教给了我们什么？
37．
考查细节理解。题干问：爱默生对适应力的看法是什么？根据第一段“Emerson’s idea about resilience stands in clear contrast to our general understanding on how to deal with suffering and loss. Instead of‘self care’ and‘healing’, he offers an aggressive approval of the will and of work.”（爱默生关于适应力的观点与我们对如何处理痛苦和损失的一般理解形成了鲜明的对比。他没有提出“自我照顾”和“治疗”，而是积极地赞同意志和工作。）可知，艾默生对适应力的观点是有意志力去工作。故答案为an aggressive approval of the will and of work.
38．
考查细节理解。题干问：爱默生对他生命中的巨大悲伤有何反应？根据第二段“Emerson’s recipe for such sorrow and depression was not to stay still. He was soon up and moving again, tending to work and a family—his two surviving children and his second wife.”（爱默生对这种悲伤和抑郁的药方不是静止不动。不久，他又站了起来，开始行动，照料工作和家庭——他的两个幸存的孩子和他的第二任妻子。）可知，面对生命中失去妻儿的悲痛，艾默生选择了坚强。故答案为He was soon up and moving again, tending to work and a family。
39．
考查细节理解。题干问：请判断下列陈述中哪一部分是错误的，然后在下面划线并解释原因。根据倒数第二段“The moral quality Emerson praises above all of these isn’t love or faith but a commitment to work. ‘But do your work and I shall know you,’he writes in ‘Self-Reliance.’”（爱默生最推崇的道德品质不是爱或信仰，而是对工作的承诺。“但做好你的工作，我就会认识你，”他在《自力更生》中写道。）可知，Emerson believes that not only love and faith but also a commitment to work is the most important moral qualify.题干爱默生认为，不仅爱和信仰，而且对工作的投入也是最重要的道德素质，这不符合原文。故答案为Emerson believes that not only love and faith but also a commitment to work is the most important moral qualify.划线部分错误，因为原文是isn’t love or faith but。
40．
开放性问题。题干问：你是一个有适应力的人吗?用你自己的经验来展示它。先肯定回答，再结合生活经验展示你是有适应力的。故答案为Yes, I am.When I first went to the senior school life which was different from the junior school life. The teachers in senior school tended to adopt different teaching methods and they payed more attention to the ability training. I turned to teachers and classmates for help and adjusted to their methods soon.(答案不唯一)