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2021-2022学年辽宁省大连市育明高中金普新区省示范性高中联合体高三下学期英语2月第四阶段考试（开学考试）含解析听力
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这是一份2021-2022学年辽宁省大连市育明高中金普新区省示范性高中联合体高三下学期英语2月第四阶段考试（开学考试）含解析听力，文件包含精编精校卷2021-2022学年辽宁省大连市育明高中金普新区省示范性高中联合体高三下学期英语2月第四阶段考试开学考试解析版听力docx、2021-2022学年辽宁省大连市育明高中金普新区省示范性高中联合体高三下学期英语2月第四阶段考试开学考试mp3等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共26页， 欢迎下载使用。
辽宁省大连市育明高中金普新区省示范性高中联合体2021-2022学年高三下学期英语2月第四阶段考试（开学考试）
一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
1．Why did the woman go to Mallorca?
A．To teach Spanish. B．To look for a job. C．To see a friend.
2．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Take him to hospital.
B．Go to a class with him.
C．Submit a report for him.
3．Who will look after the children?
A．Jennifer. B．Suzy. C．Marie.
4．What are the speakers going to do?
A．Drive home. B．Go shopping. C．Eat out.
5．What are the speakers talking about?
A．How to fry fish.
B．How to make coffee.
C．How to remove a bad smell.
二、听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听录音，回答问题。
6．When does Gomez watch a football game on TV?
A．When he fails to get a ticket.
B．When the stadium is crowded.
C．When his friends are too busy.
7．How much did Gomez pay for the football game last time?
A．$20. B．$25. C．$50.
听录音，回答问题。
8．What did Alex do in the afternoon?
A．He had a walk. B．He went hunting. C．He planted trees.
9．What did Alex bring back?
A．Flowers. B．Leaves. C．Books.
10．What was Bob doing when Alex saw him?
A．Fishing. B．Taking pictures. C．Swimming.
听录音，回答问题。
11．What did David do on his most recent holiday?
A．He had a boat trip.
B．He took a balloon flight.
C．He climbed a mountain.
12．What is on David's list?
A．Gifts he needed to buy.
B．Things he wished to do.
C．Dates he had to remember.
13．Where does the woman suggest David go for his next holiday?
A．Australia. B．California. C．The Amazon.
听录音，回答问题。
14．Why did Sarah make the phone call?
A．To ask a favor.
B．To pass on a message.
C．To make an appointment.
15．Where is Sarah now?
A．In Brighton.
B．At her home.
C．At the Shelton Hotel.
16．What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning?
A．At 7:40. B．At 8:00. C．At 8:20.
17．What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah?
A．Neighbors. B．Fellow workers. C．Husband and wife.
听录音，回答问题。
18．What do most people think is very important in spoken communication?
A．Pronunciation. B．Vocabulary. C．Grammar.
19．Why should you listen to experts according to the speaker?
A．To develop your reading fluency.
B．To improve your note-taking skills.
C．To find out your mispronunciations.
20．What is the speaker's last suggestion?
A．Spell out the difficult words.
B．Check the words in a dictionary.
C．Practice reading the words aloud.
三、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D)中，选出最佳选项。
阅读理解
There are many oceans and lakes in the United States where you can gain unexpected experiences. Here are some of most stunning ones found throughout the United States.
Ocracoke Beach, North Carolina
Ocracoke Island has 16 miles of undeveloped sandy shoreline. It is a barrier island of the Outer Banks of North Carolina, and it is a part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Ocracoke is fairly remote and can only be reached by public ferry, private boat or private plane. The beach is perfect for swimming, fishing, surfing, sunbathing, fishing and even camping. Certain portions of the beautiful sandy beach can be enjoyed by off-road vehicles.
Sand Beach, Maine
Located on Mt. Desert Island, Sand Beach offers visitors to Maine an amazing beach destination. Visitors to Acadia National Park have the opportunity to enjoy all of the beauty and excitement of this park. This beach is wonderfully sandy and is even a safe place to enjoy swimming. Bordered on both sides by rocky headlands, visitors can also appreciate the tide pools as well as some unique wildlife living in the headlines.
Poipu Beach, Kauai, Hawaii
Widely considered to be one of the most beautiful beaches in the United States if not the world, Poipu Beach is located on the south shore of Kauai and is part of Poipu Beach Park. The beach is composed of a string of golden sandy crescent shaped beaches. Visitors to Poipu can have hours of fun snorkeling, boogie- boarding, swimming, and surfing. The best surfing spots are located slightly offshore, the reef establishes wavebreaks which make good surfing for surfers of all experience levels.
South Ocean Beach, Mary land
Located on the fascinating Assateague Island, South Ocean Beach is a beautiful Atlantic coast beach. This shoreline is drivable, giving visitors the opportunities to enjoy all the miles of the beach and all of the activities of the beach, South Ocean Beach even offers some fantastic surfing conditions in the region as well.
21．What can visitors do when they're in Sand Beach, Maine?
A．Enjoy rare species. B．Go camping.
C．Take a walk. D．Watch a game.
22．What kind of transportation is favored when you visit South Ocean Beach, Maryland?
A．On foot. B．Hiring a ferry.
C．By car. D．Riding a bike.
23．Who will be enthusiastic about the text?
A．Bird watchers. B．Beach lovers.
C．Fashion designers. D．Landscape architects.
阅读理解
As an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AlDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages. Let me tell you about Tyler.
Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube inserted (插入) in a vein in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were linked to this pump and continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented(补充的) oxygen to support his breathing.
Tyler was unwilling to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon. All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often teased him by telling him that he moved so fast that she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him.
This dreaded disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV-infected mother. When it became apparent that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler's mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler called me over to his hospital bed and whispered, "I might die soon. I'm not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too. I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me."
24．From the passage, we can learn that Tyler is ________.
A．courageous and optimistic B．confident and energetic
C．enthusiastic and adventurous D．ambitious and passionate
25．Tyler had to wear his backpack because_______.
A．it contained his favourite toys from his mother
B．it provided oxygen to support his breathing
C．it had the pump supplying medications to his bloodstream
D．it made himself recognized by his mother in the crowd
26．We can learn from the passage that______.
A．Tyler gave up the chance to enjoy his childhood because of the deadly disease
B．Wearing his medicine-laden backpack Tyler couldn't play or race around his backyard
C．Tyler's mother often dressed him in red to make him attractive
D．While he was suffering from the deadly disease, Tyler tried to enjoy his life
27．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Gifts in my life B．Dress me in red
C．Never give up D．Live with HIV
阅读理解
Roboticists at the University of California San Diego have developed an affordable, easy to use system to track the location of flexible surgical robots inside the human body. The system performs as well as current state of the art methods, but the whole system, including the robot, magnets and magnet localization setup, costs around $100. Many current methods also require exposure to radiation, while this system does not.
The system was developed by Tania Morimoto, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Jacobs School of Engineering at UC San Diego, and mechanical engineering Ph. D. student Connor Watson.
"Continuum medical robots work really well in highly constrained (受限的) environments inside the body," Morimoto said. "But it becomes a lot harder to track their location and their shape inside the body." The researchers used existing magnet localization methods, which work very much like GPS, to develop a computer model that predicts the robot's location.
GPS satellites ping (发送) smartphones and based on how long it takes for the signal to arrive, the GPS receiver in the smartphone can determine where the cell phone is. Similarly, researchers know how strong the magnetic field should be around the magnet placed in the robot. They rely on four sensors that are carefully spaced around the area where the robot operates to measure the magnetic field strength. Based on how strong the field is, they are able to determine where the tip of the robot is.
Morimoto and Watson went a step further. They then trained a neural network to learn the difference between what the sensors were reading and what the model said the sensors should be reading. As a result, they improved localization accuracy to track the tip of the robot. "Ideally we are hoping that our localization tools can help improve these kinds of growing robot technologies. We do want to push this research forward so that we can test our system in a clinical setting and eventually translate it into clinical use," Morimoto said.
28．What be learnt about the system according to the text?
A．It's complex. B．It's low-cost.
C．It's delicate. D．It's radioactive.
29．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The system's working principle.
B．The function of GPS satellites.
C．The reason for inventing the system,
D．The necessity of inventing the system.
30．What do Morimoto and Watson expect of the system?
A．It'll be environmentally-friendly.
B．It'll be sold on the Internet soon,
C．I'll be easy for us to operate.
D．It'll be tested with real patients.
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook. C．A magazine. D．A novel.
阅读理解
Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you're going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud? Don't you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.
Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you'd actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges（认可） it, psychologists have found it's called a "social reality". The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it's already done. And then, because you've felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual necessary hard work. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?
In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time .Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.
32．What do the words "social reality" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Necessary hard work. B．Completion of a goal
C．A sense of satisfaction. D．People's judgment.
33．What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?
A．Writing down the goal is very helpful.
B．Achieving the personal goal needs more time.
C．Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.
D．Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.
34．How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people's goal?
A．By giving figures. B．By giving examples.
C．By making a survey. D．By making comparison tests
35．What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?
A．You'll be more confident
B．You will not gain satisfaction.
C．You'll be less likely to realize it.
D．You'll be much more motivated.
四、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You've decided your child is spoiled（宠坏的），and you want to do something about it. Is it too late? Not necessarily. Here are four tips from an expert for getting your child to behave well.
36． You've spoiled your child by giving him or her too much for too little. You can correct this by helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and understand that not all good behavior is rewarded. 37． For example, at first, insist that your daughter put a few toys away before she gets a snack, and gradually increase the amount of work required for each reward.
Don't overreact to crying. When children don't get what they want, their natural behavior is to cry. If you react every time your child cries, you may be denying（拒绝给予） him or her an important chance to learn something. 38．
Prepare for a fight. At the beginning, children's demands will increase when they find out parents are not going to give them the new toys they want. When it happens, be careful not to give in just because the child shouts. 39．
Stick to the program. 40． That' s not necessarily a bad thing. It means the requirements are getting stricter and that your child is accepting changes. Remember： Give it time, and don't give up.
A. Make changes slowly.
B. Cut down on rewards.
C. Try your best to comfort the child.
D. Rather, wait until the child calms down.
E. Your child will probably be upset when you begin making changes.
F. There is little doubt that things will get worse before they get better.
G.As a parent, you need to know when to comfort a child and when to simply walk away.
五、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I walked around to the side of a puddle along the path covered by water and mud. I was suddenly attacked! Yet I did 41． , for it was so unpredictable. I stepped back and my attacker 42． attacking me. Instead, he flied in the air with its graceful wings in front of me. If I had been hurt, I wouldn't have found it amusing but I was unhurt, it was 43． and I was laughing. After all, I was being attacked by a butterfly!
I took a step forward, and my attacker rushed me again. He pushed and 44． me in the chest with his head and body over and over again with all his might. It's just not everyday that one is 45． by a butterfly, so I stopped to find out the 46． . My attacker moved back as well to 47． on the ground. That's when I discovered why my attacker was 48． me only moments earlier. His mate beside the puddle where he landed was dying.
Sitting close beside her, he opened and closed his wings as if to fan her. I could only admire the love and courage of that butterfly in his 49． for his mate, even though she was 50． dying and obviously I was so large. He did so just to give her those extra few 51． moments of life. Now I knew why and what he was 52． . I couldn't do anything other than reward him by changing my 53． to the more difficult side of the puddle. He had truly 54． those moments to be with her, undisturbed. I cleaned the mud from my boots and left.
Since then, I've always tried to remember the courage of that butterfly 55． I see huge barriers facing me. I always use it as an inspiration to remind myself that good things are worth striving for.
41．A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything
42．A．missed B．forgot C．stopped D．avoided
43．A．funny B．surprising C．shocking D．exciting
44．A．grasped B．hit C．took D．seized
45．A．admired B．alarmed C．attracted D．attacked
46．A．reason B．purpose C．origin D．direction
47．A．run B．lie C．stand D．land
48．A．guiding B．charging C．biting D．puzzling
49．A．curiosity B．anxiety C．concern D．return
50．A．doubtfully B．clearly C．eventually D．suddenly
51．A．previous B．precise C．precious D．preferable
52．A．fighting for B．looking for C．longing for D．providing for
53．A．goal B．way C．opinion D．attitude
54．A．enjoyed B．left C．earned D．remembered
55．A．whatever B．however C．whichever D．whenever
六、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their 56． (plan) mission to Mars.
A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. 57． is known that Mars is 225 million kilometers away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. "When you're living with others in a confined (封闭的) space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely 58． (happen)" Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, 59． (say) to the Guardian. This is probably 60． NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. "These are people that have the 61． (able) to pull everyone together." Johnson said.
In 62． (stress) situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. We can share our stress by 63． (laugh) together. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that 64． (possible) won't happen. "Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said, "They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer." Besides, it's required that they 65． (be) in top physical condition.
七、写作
66．书面表达
假定你是李华，在一所国际学校就读。近期你校将推广普及垃圾分类，目前正在招募志愿者。请你用英文向负责老师Mr. Hawk 提出申请，内容包括：
1）写作目的；
2）申请理由；
3）期待加入。
注意：1）词数80字左右。
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage sorting
Dear Mr. Hawk,
67．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"Mom！" I screamed as I looked through the window, "Why is my Ink Spot sitting in Mrs. Cleary's window？"
Mom pushed past me to confirm it. Sure enough, across the street was Ink Spot cleaning himself in the window of Mrs. Cleary's sitting room. I couldn't believe my eyes. He was my cat, not Mrs. Cleary's. She had already adopted twelve cats. Why must she keep my cat？I could feel anger boiling up inside me. Meanwhile, Ink Spot's leaving without any signs upset me. A sense of being left out hit me hard.
Ink Spot was special for me. After my baby sister's birth, "my" parents' time was taken by her. It seemed no one in the family cared about or even noticed me. Worse still, I was packed off to a kindergarten. I hated being left out from the bottom of my heart.
It was when mom noticed me weeping in a corner one night that things began to change. After that, Ink Spot came into my life. Every night, he curled（卷曲）up beside me in bed and he was there for me after school when I raced home just to be with him.
I fell in love with Ink Spot the first time I saw its tiny black and white kitten, for which I called him Ink Spot. Mom and daddy beamed with pleasure as my eyes danced with joy again. It was the first time that I had smiled since my little baby sister came into the family. As for me, he was more than a cat. Actually, he was my life.
But today when I came home, Ink Spot was in Mrs. Cleary's window. I wanted him back. But mom insisted that if Ink Spot stayed at Mrs. Cleary's, that meant it was where he wanted to be. "No！Mom, Ink Spot is my cat", I protested wildly but I had to admit the truth of mom's words. Standing on the sidewalk, I was at a loss as to what to do. Staring at Ink Spot for a while, I couldn't stand the anger any longer.
注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I walked towards Mrs. Cleary's house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily.
Upon seeing me, Ink Spot jumped off the window, running towards me in a flash.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】C
【解析】【听力原文】略
2．【答案】C
【解析】【听力原文】略
3．【答案】B
【解析】【听力原文】略
4．【答案】A
【解析】【听力原文】略
5．【答案】C
【解析】【听力原文】略
【答案】6．A
7．B
【解析】【听力原文】略
6．
7．
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．A
【解析】【听力原文】略
8．
9．
10．
【答案】11．C
12．B
13．C
【解析】【听力原文】略
11．
12．
13．
【答案】14．A
15．B
16．A
17．C
【解析】【听力原文】略
14．
15．
16．
17．
【答案】18．B
19．C
20．C
【解析】【听力原文】略
18．
19．
20．
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国一些适合观赏和游玩的海滩。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．考查细节理解。根据Sand Beach, Maine部分中的“Bordered on both sides by rocky headlands, visitors can also appreciate the tide pools as well as some unique wildlife living in the headlines. ”两边都是多岩石的海岬，游客们还可以欣赏潮汐池，以及一些生活在新闻头条上的独特野生动物。可知游客可以在Sand Beach, Maine看见稀有物种，故选A。
22．考查细节理解。根据South Ocean Beach, Mary land部分中的“This shoreline is drivable, giving visitors the opportunities to enjoy all the miles of the beach and all of the activities of the beach”这个海岸线是可驾驶的，让游客有机会享受所有英里的海滩和海滩上的所有活动。可知在参观游览South Ocean Beach, Mary land可以驾车，故选C。
23．考查推理判断。根据第一段“There are many oceans and lakes in the United States where you can gain unexpected experiences. Here are some of most stunning ones found throughout the United States. ”美国有许多海洋和湖泊，在那里你可以获得意想不到的体验。以下是一些在美国发现的最令人震惊的几个（海滩）)。结合全文介绍的四个海滩可知，海滩爱好者会对这篇文章感兴趣，故选B。
【答案】24．A
25．C
26．D
27．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，泰勒生来就感染了艾滋病，但是他积极乐观，享受生命，并积极看待生命和死亡。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
24．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Tyler wasn’t willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. ”泰勒不愿意把他童年的任何一分一秒都献给这种致命的疾病。可知，泰勒是一个勇敢乐观的人。故选A。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were linked to this pump and continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. ”这根管子连接到他背的一个小背包里的一个泵上。药物被连接到这个泵上并通过这个管子持续地输送到他的血液中。可知，泰勒必须背他的背包，因为背包里有给他血液输送药物的泵。故选C。
26．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him.”我们所有认识泰勒的人都惊讶于他活着的纯粹快乐以及活着给他带来的能量。可知，当泰勒饱受致命疾病的折磨时，他努力享受生活。故选D。
27．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too. I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.”当我死时，请给我穿上红色的衣服。妈妈保证她也会来天堂的。她来的时候我会在玩，我要确保她能找到我。表达了泰勒对生命的热爱、乐观和对母亲的思念。“给我穿上红衣服”是最好的标题。故选B。
【答案】28．B
29．A
30．D
31．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种微型机器人，可以负载药物在人体内进行治疗，并对其原理工作的实施操作进行了说明。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
28．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Roboticists at the University of California San Diego have developed an affordable, easy to use system to track the location of flexible surgical robots inside the human body. The system performs as well as current state of the art methods, but the whole system, including the robot, magnets and magnet localization setup, costs around $100.”加州大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家开发了一种价格低廉、易于使用的系统，可以跟踪柔性手术机器人在人体内的位置。该系统的性能和目前最先进的方法一样好，但是整个系统，包括机器人、磁铁和磁铁定位设置，大约花费100美元。可知，这项机器人系统价格低廉，故选B。
29．考查段落大意。根据第四段“GPS satellites ping (发送) smartphones and based on how long it takes for the signal to arrive, the GPS receiver in the smartphone can determine where the cell phone is. Similarly, researchers know how strong the magnetic field should be around the magnet placed in the robot. They rely on four sensors that are carefully spaced around the area where the robot operates to measure the magnetic field strength. Based on how strong the field is, they are able to determine where the tip of the robot is.”GPS卫星可以定位智能手机，根据信号到达的时间，智能手机上的GPS接收器可以确定手机的位置。同样，研究人员知道放置在机器人体内的磁铁周围的磁场应该有多强。他们依靠四个传感器，这些传感器小心地分布在机器人操作的区域，以测量磁场强度。根据磁场的强度，他们可以确定机器人的尖端在哪里。可知，第四段用GPS的原理引出该机器人的工作原理，并说明两个原理是相同的，故选A。
30．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Morimoto and Watson went a step further. They then trained a neural network to learn the difference between what the sensors were reading and what the model said the sensors should be reading. As a result, they improved localization accuracy to track the tip of the robot. ‘Ideally we are hoping that our localization tools can help improve these kinds of growing robot technologies. We do want to push this research forward so that we can test our system in a clinical setting and eventually translate it into clinical use,’ Morimoto said.”森本和沃森更进一步。然后，他们训练一个神经网络，以了解传感器读取的数据与模型认为传感器应该读取的数据之间的区别。结果，他们提高了跟踪机器人尖端的定位精度。“理想情况下，我们希望我们的定位工具能够帮助改善这类不断发展的机器人技术。我们确实想推进这项研究，这样我们就可以在临床环境中测试我们的系统，并最终将其转化为临床应用。”森本说。可知，森本和沃森期望这个研究可以运用于临床，故选D。
31．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Roboticists at the University of California San Diego have developed an affordable, easy to use system to track the location of flexible surgical robots inside the human body. ”加州大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家开发了一种价格低廉、易于使用的系统，可以跟踪柔性手术机器人在人体内的位置。结合全文内容可知本文主要向作者介绍了一种微型机器人，可以负载药物在人体内进行治疗，并对其原理工作的实施操作进行了说明。此类文章为科研文，一般会出现在杂志中，故选C。
【答案】32．B
33．C
34．D
35．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了将目标告诉别人之后得到的满足感会让你不太可能完成目标，而将目标保密会让你更努力的完成目标。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
32．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it‘s already done.” 大脑有点被骗了，感觉已经完成了。可知，social reality指的是大脑被欺骗感觉目标已经完成了，也就是说social reality意味着目标的完成。故选B。
33．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average”现在，那些闭上嘴的人平均工作了整整45分钟，可知，Peter Gollwitzer通过做实验发现没有宣布自己的目标的人坚持完成目标的时间更长，因此推断他想告诉人们将目标保密会让人们更加努力。故选C。
34．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't.” 163人参加了四次不同的测试——每个人都写下了自己的个人目标。然后一半人宣布了他们对这个目标的承诺，一半人没有；以及“Finally, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.” 最后，那些闭嘴的人平均工作了45分钟，当被问及时，他们说他们觉得自己要实现目标还有很长的路要走. 但那些平均仅仅33分钟就宣布退回的人说，当后来被问及时，他们觉得自己离实现目标更接近了。可知，Peter Gollwitzer做了一个实验，163个实验对象都写下了他们的个人目标，然后他们中的一半宣布了他们对这个目标的承诺，而一半没有。然后比较了两种实验对象的结果。因此推断Peter Gollwitzer证明他的想法是通过一个对照实验。故选D。
35．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.” 好吧，坏消息：你应该闭上嘴，因为那种良好的感觉会让你不太可能完成目标。可知，将目标告诉别人之后得到的满足感会让你不太可能完成目标，因此如果你将自己的目标告诉朋友，你会不太可能实现这个目标。故选C。
【答案】36．B；37．A；38．G；39．D；40．E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何纠正被宠坏的孩子的行为。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
36．根据空后“by giving him or her too much for too little.”孩子要的少而你给孩子太多”；以及“by helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and understand that not all good behavior is rewarded” 帮助孩子学会为了奖励而更加努力地工作，并理解并不是所有的好行为都会得到奖励。可知，要做的就是减少奖励。 B. Cut down on rewards. “减少奖励”符合语境，故选B。
37．根据空后“... gradually increase the amount of work required for each reward.” 逐步增加每种奖励所需的工作量。文中的“gradually increase”正对应着A.Make changes slowly“慢慢改变”，故选A。
38．根据空前“Don't overreact to crying”不要对｛孩子的｝哭泣反应过度；以及空后“.... If you react every time your child cries, you may be denying”可知，作为父母的你如果过度反应的话会剥夺孩子学习的机会，G. As a parent, you need to know when to comfort a child and when to simply walk away.“作为父母，要知道什么时候应该安慰，什么时候应该不理会。”是对上文不过度回应孩子哭闹之后的正确做法的阐述。故选G。
39．根据空前“Prepare for a fight”准备战斗；以及“not to give in just because the child shouts”要小心不要因为孩子大声喊叫就屈服。可推断出，此处给出正确做法：等孩子平静下来，D.Rather, wait until the child calms down“而是等孩子冷静下来”符合语境，故选D。
40．根据空前“tick to the program”坚持这个计划；以及空后“It means the requirements are getting stricter and that your child is accepting”这意味着要求越来越严格，你的孩子也正在接受改变。可知空格处在本段中起承上启下的作用。E. Your child will probably be upset when you begin making changes. “当你开始改变的时候，你的孩子可能会不高兴”符合这种承上启下的作用。故选E。
【答案】41．A；42．C；43．A；44．B；45．D；46．A；47．D；48．B；49．C；50．B；51．C；52．A；53．B；54．C；55．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在绕道时突然被一只蝴蝶攻击了，蝴蝶用尽全力攻击作者，不让作者往前进一步，作者于是停下来查看原因，才发现是因为这只蝴蝶的伴侣在水坑边即将死去，蝴蝶攻击作者只是为了给伴侣争取额外的一些时间。作者被他的勇气和爱所感动，于是改道走了更难走的路，从那以后，每当作者面对巨大的障碍时，作者总是努力回忆那只蝴蝶的勇气，总是用它作为一种激励来提醒自己，好的东西是值得争取的。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及代词，动词，名词，形容词，副词，状语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
41．句意：但我什么也没做，因为它太不可预测了。A. nothing“没有什么”；B. something“某事”；C. everything“一切”；D. anything“任何事”。根据空后“for it was so unpredictable”可知因为攻击者行动难以预测，所以作者什么都没做。故选A。
42．句意：我向后退了一步，攻击者停止了对我的攻击。A. missed“错过”；B. forgot“忘记”；C. stopped“停止”；D. avoided“避免”。根据下文“Instead, he flied in the air with its graceful wings in front of me.”可知，作者后退一步之后，蝴蝶也不再攻击作者，而是飞到了半空，stop doing sth.固定短语“停止正在做的事”。故选C。
43．句意：如果我受伤了，我不会觉得这很有趣，但我没有受伤，这很有趣，我笑了。A. funny“有趣的”；B. surprising“令人惊讶的”；C. shocking“令人震惊的”；D. exciting“令人激动的”。根据空后“I was laughing”可知作者觉得被一只蝴蝶攻击很有趣。故选A。
44．句意：他用头和身体推我，撞我的胸口，一遍又一遍，用尽全力。A. grasped“抓牢”；B. hit“碰撞，打击”；C. took“带走”；D. seized“抓住”。根据上文“I was suddenly attacked!”可知指蝴蝶用头和身体撞击作者的胸口，故选B。
45．句意：被蝴蝶攻击的事可不是每天都有的，所以我停下来查看原因。A. admired“钦佩”；B. alarmed“报警”；C. attracted“吸引”；D. attacked“攻击”。对应上文“I was being attacked by a butterfly”指被蝴蝶攻击。故选D。
46．句意：被蝴蝶攻击的事可不是每天都有的，所以我停下来查看原因。A. reason“理由”；B. purpose“目的”；C. origin“起源”；D. direction“方向”根据下文“That’s when I discovered why my attacker was”指作者停下来查看蝴蝶攻击自己的原因，故选A。
47．句意：我的攻击者也向后移动，降落在了地上。A. run“奔跑”；B. lie“撒谎”；C. stand“站立”；D. land“降落，登陆”。根据空后“on the ground”指蝴蝶降落在地面上。故选D。
48．句意：这时我发现了袭击者片刻之前向我冲来的原因。A. guiding“指导”；B. charging“要价，向……冲来”；C. biting“咬”；D. puzzling“使迷惑”。根据上文“I took a step forward, and my attacker rushed me again.”可知作者一向前迈步，蝴蝶就向自己冲来，charge此处表示“向……冲来”。故选B。
49．句意：我只能钦佩那只蝴蝶在对他的伴侣的关心中表现出的爱和勇气，尽管她显然即将死去，而我显然如此巨大。A. curiosity“好奇心”；B. anxiety“焦虑”；C. concern“关心”；D. return“返回”。根据上文“Sitting close beside her, he opened and closed his wings as if to fan her.”可知，蝴蝶之所以攻击作者，是不想作者向前走伤害自己的伴侣，而他紧挨着她，张开又合上翅膀，好像在给她扇风，这一系列举动都表明蝴蝶关心他的伴侣。故选C。
50．句意：我只能钦佩那只蝴蝶在对他的伴侣的关心中表现出的爱和勇气，尽管她显然即将死去，而我显然如此巨大。A. doubtfully“怀疑地”；B. clearly“无疑地，清楚地”；C. eventually“终于”；D. suddenly“突然”。根据上文“His mate beside the puddle where he landed was dying.”指那只攻击者蝴蝶的伴侣无疑正在死去，故选B。
51．句意：他这样做只是为了给她生命中额外争取一些宝贵时间。A. previous“以前的”；B. precise“精确的”；C. precious“宝贵的”；D. preferable“更好的”。根据语境可知，蝴蝶的伴侣即将死去，因此他这么做是为了给伴侣再争取一些宝贵时间。故选C。
52．句意：现在我明白他和我展开激战的原因了。A. fighting for“为……而战”；B. looking for“寻找”；C. longing for“渴望”；D. providing for“提供”。根据上文，蝴蝶主动攻击作者，其实是为了他的伴侣，即作者明白了蝴蝶是在为什么而战，故选A。
53．句意：除了改道去更难走的水坑那边来嘉奖他的行为，我什么也做不了。A. goal“目标”；B. way“方法，道路”；C. opinion“观点”；D. attitude“态度”。根据空后“to the more difficult side of the puddle”指作者看到蝴蝶的行为之后，决定改变要走的道路，去更难走的水坑那边。故选B。
54．句意：他真正赢得了和她在一起，不受打扰的时刻。A. enjoyed“欣赏”；B. left“离开”；C. earned“赚得，赢得”；D. remembered“记得”。根据空后“those moments to be with her”可知，这只蝴蝶通过自己的努力，赢得了和伴侣最后的时刻。故选C。
55．句意：从那以后，无论什么时候我面对巨大的障碍时，我总是努力回忆起那只蝴蝶的勇气。A. whatever“无论什么”；B. however“无论如何”；C. whichever“无论哪一个”；D. whenever“每当，无论何时”。根据语境可知，此处指无论什么时候作者遇到面对巨大的障碍时，总是努力回忆起那只蝴蝶的勇气，表示“无论什么时候”应用whenever。故选D。
【答案】56．planned；57．It；58．to happen；59．said；60．why；61．ability；62．stressful；63．laughing；64．possibly；65．should be/be
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国国家航空航天局寻找一位有幽默感的宇航员加入他们的火星任务，说明了这一要求背后的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，代词，非谓语动词，时态，表语从句，名词，形容词，副词以及虚拟语气等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
56．考查形容词。修饰名词mission应用形容词，表示“计划任务”。故填planned。
57．考查代词。句意：众所周知，火星距离地球2.25亿公里。it is known that…固定句式，“众所周知……”，需用it做形式主语，故填It。
58．考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.固定短语，“可能做某事”后跟不定式，故填to happen。
59．考查时态。此处描述已经发生的事情应用一般过去时，故填said。
60．考查表语从句。句意：这可能就是为什么NASA想要一个有幽默感的宇航员。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故用why引导，填why。
61．考查名词。根据上文the可知应填名词，表示“能力”，故填ability。
62．考查形容词。修饰名词situations应用形容词，表示“有压力的情况”，stressful“有压力的”。故填stressful。
63．考查非谓语动词。by为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填laughing。
64．考查副词。修饰动词happen应用副词，故填possibly。
65．考查虚拟语气。句意：此外，还要求他们的身体状况最好。动词require意为“需要，要求”时，后接从句要用虚拟语气，即其后的从句：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填should be/be。
66．【答案】Dear Mr. Hawk,
I'm Li Hua, a Senior Two student. Learning that volunteers for garbage sorting are needed, I'm writing to apply to be one of them.
Having served as a volunteer in our community, I am equipped with abundant experience and knowledge of how to sort garbage. In Addition, being passionate and responsible is also what makes me qualified for the job. If given the chance, I will spare no effort to do it well.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your earliest reply.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份 向负责老师Mr. Hawk 提出申请 志愿者。写作背景：你 ，在一所国际学校就读。近期你校将推广普及垃圾分类，目前正在招募志愿者。 写作要点已经给出，内容包括：1）写作目的；2）申请理由；3）期待加入。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I'm Li Hua, a Senior Two student.运用了同位语； Learning that volunteers for garbage sorting are needed, I'm writing to apply to be one of them.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；In Addition, being passionate and responsible is also what makes me qualified for the job.运用了表语从句； If given the chance, I will spare no effort to do it well.运用了条件状语从句的省略；I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.运用了I would appreciate it if...固定句式。
67．【答案】 I walked towards Mrs. Cleary's house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily. The moment she opened the door, I asked Mrs. Cleary with watery eyes, “Why is my cat in your window？” Confused, Mrs. Cleary responded， “I didn't know he was yours. I just thought he was another abandoned cat, so I took him in just like I took in all the rest. If what I did has hurt you, I am awfully sorry.” Then she led me directly to the sitting room, where cats were playing happily.
Upon seeing me, Ink Spot jumped off the window, running towards me in a flash. A flood of excitement passed through my body. I immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my chin purring loudly. Seeing my cat well taken care of, I realized I had misunderstood my caring neighbor. Now my anger gave way to gratitude. I thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home, where I thought he should belong. The lost and found companion made me feel I was someone again.
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述主人公在妈妈生了妹妹后，感到孤独，多亏有猫咪墨点的陪伴，但有一天猫咪去了领居家，主人公误以为是猫咪抛弃了自己，后来误会解除，他再一次感觉被爱。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我慌忙走向克利里太太家，生气地敲了敲门。” 可知，第一段可描写主人公是如何质问克利里太太，以及克利里太太是怎样解释的。②由第二段首句内容“墨点一看见我，就从窗户上跳了下来，一眨眼的工夫向我跑来。” 可知，第二段可描写主人公情绪变化过程以及内心活动，还有误会矛盾的化解。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： The moment she opened the door, I asked Mrs. Cleary with watery eyes, “Why is my cat in your window？”运用了时间状语从句； Confused, Mrs. Cleary responded...运用了形容词作状语；I didn't know he was yours.运用了宾语从句； I just thought he was another abandoned cat, so I took him in just like I took in all the rest.运用了宾语从句，因果并列句； If what I did has hurt you, I am awfully sorry.运用了条件状语从句，主语从句； Then she led me directly to the sitting room, where cats were playing happily.运用了非限制性定语从句； I immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my chin purring loudly. 运用了时间状语从句；Seeing my cat well taken care of, I realized I had misunderstood my caring neighbor. 运用了宾语从句；I thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home, where I thought he should belong. 运用了时间状语从句，非限制性定语从句；The lost and found companion made me feel I was someone again.运用了宾语从句。
辽宁省大连市育明高中金普新区省示范性高中联合体2021-2022学年高三下学期英语2月第四阶段考试（开学考试）
一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
1．Why did the woman go to Mallorca?
A．To teach Spanish. B．To look for a job. C．To see a friend.
2．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Take him to hospital.
B．Go to a class with him.
C．Submit a report for him.
3．Who will look after the children?
A．Jennifer. B．Suzy. C．Marie.
4．What are the speakers going to do?
A．Drive home. B．Go shopping. C．Eat out.
5．What are the speakers talking about?
A．How to fry fish.
B．How to make coffee.
C．How to remove a bad smell.
二、听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听录音，回答问题。
6．When does Gomez watch a football game on TV?
A．When he fails to get a ticket.
B．When the stadium is crowded.
C．When his friends are too busy.
7．How much did Gomez pay for the football game last time?
A．$20. B．$25. C．$50.
听录音，回答问题。
8．What did Alex do in the afternoon?
A．He had a walk. B．He went hunting. C．He planted trees.
9．What did Alex bring back?
A．Flowers. B．Leaves. C．Books.
10．What was Bob doing when Alex saw him?
A．Fishing. B．Taking pictures. C．Swimming.
听录音，回答问题。
11．What did David do on his most recent holiday?
A．He had a boat trip.
B．He took a balloon flight.
C．He climbed a mountain.
12．What is on David's list?
A．Gifts he needed to buy.
B．Things he wished to do.
C．Dates he had to remember.
13．Where does the woman suggest David go for his next holiday?
A．Australia. B．California. C．The Amazon.
听录音，回答问题。
14．Why did Sarah make the phone call?
A．To ask a favor.
B．To pass on a message.
C．To make an appointment.
15．Where is Sarah now?
A．In Brighton.
B．At her home.
C．At the Shelton Hotel.
16．What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning?
A．At 7:40. B．At 8:00. C．At 8:20.
17．What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah?
A．Neighbors. B．Fellow workers. C．Husband and wife.
听录音，回答问题。
18．What do most people think is very important in spoken communication?
A．Pronunciation. B．Vocabulary. C．Grammar.
19．Why should you listen to experts according to the speaker?
A．To develop your reading fluency.
B．To improve your note-taking skills.
C．To find out your mispronunciations.
20．What is the speaker's last suggestion?
A．Spell out the difficult words.
B．Check the words in a dictionary.
C．Practice reading the words aloud.
三、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D)中，选出最佳选项。
阅读理解
There are many oceans and lakes in the United States where you can gain unexpected experiences. Here are some of most stunning ones found throughout the United States.
Ocracoke Beach, North Carolina
Ocracoke Island has 16 miles of undeveloped sandy shoreline. It is a barrier island of the Outer Banks of North Carolina, and it is a part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Ocracoke is fairly remote and can only be reached by public ferry, private boat or private plane. The beach is perfect for swimming, fishing, surfing, sunbathing, fishing and even camping. Certain portions of the beautiful sandy beach can be enjoyed by off-road vehicles.
Sand Beach, Maine
Located on Mt. Desert Island, Sand Beach offers visitors to Maine an amazing beach destination. Visitors to Acadia National Park have the opportunity to enjoy all of the beauty and excitement of this park. This beach is wonderfully sandy and is even a safe place to enjoy swimming. Bordered on both sides by rocky headlands, visitors can also appreciate the tide pools as well as some unique wildlife living in the headlines.
Poipu Beach, Kauai, Hawaii
Widely considered to be one of the most beautiful beaches in the United States if not the world, Poipu Beach is located on the south shore of Kauai and is part of Poipu Beach Park. The beach is composed of a string of golden sandy crescent shaped beaches. Visitors to Poipu can have hours of fun snorkeling, boogie- boarding, swimming, and surfing. The best surfing spots are located slightly offshore, the reef establishes wavebreaks which make good surfing for surfers of all experience levels.
South Ocean Beach, Mary land
Located on the fascinating Assateague Island, South Ocean Beach is a beautiful Atlantic coast beach. This shoreline is drivable, giving visitors the opportunities to enjoy all the miles of the beach and all of the activities of the beach, South Ocean Beach even offers some fantastic surfing conditions in the region as well.
21．What can visitors do when they're in Sand Beach, Maine?
A．Enjoy rare species. B．Go camping.
C．Take a walk. D．Watch a game.
22．What kind of transportation is favored when you visit South Ocean Beach, Maryland?
A．On foot. B．Hiring a ferry.
C．By car. D．Riding a bike.
23．Who will be enthusiastic about the text?
A．Bird watchers. B．Beach lovers.
C．Fashion designers. D．Landscape architects.
阅读理解
As an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AlDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages. Let me tell you about Tyler.
Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube inserted (插入) in a vein in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were linked to this pump and continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented(补充的) oxygen to support his breathing.
Tyler was unwilling to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon. All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often teased him by telling him that he moved so fast that she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him.
This dreaded disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV-infected mother. When it became apparent that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler's mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler called me over to his hospital bed and whispered, "I might die soon. I'm not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too. I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me."
24．From the passage, we can learn that Tyler is ________.
A．courageous and optimistic B．confident and energetic
C．enthusiastic and adventurous D．ambitious and passionate
25．Tyler had to wear his backpack because_______.
A．it contained his favourite toys from his mother
B．it provided oxygen to support his breathing
C．it had the pump supplying medications to his bloodstream
D．it made himself recognized by his mother in the crowd
26．We can learn from the passage that______.
A．Tyler gave up the chance to enjoy his childhood because of the deadly disease
B．Wearing his medicine-laden backpack Tyler couldn't play or race around his backyard
C．Tyler's mother often dressed him in red to make him attractive
D．While he was suffering from the deadly disease, Tyler tried to enjoy his life
27．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Gifts in my life B．Dress me in red
C．Never give up D．Live with HIV
阅读理解
Roboticists at the University of California San Diego have developed an affordable, easy to use system to track the location of flexible surgical robots inside the human body. The system performs as well as current state of the art methods, but the whole system, including the robot, magnets and magnet localization setup, costs around $100. Many current methods also require exposure to radiation, while this system does not.
The system was developed by Tania Morimoto, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Jacobs School of Engineering at UC San Diego, and mechanical engineering Ph. D. student Connor Watson.
"Continuum medical robots work really well in highly constrained (受限的) environments inside the body," Morimoto said. "But it becomes a lot harder to track their location and their shape inside the body." The researchers used existing magnet localization methods, which work very much like GPS, to develop a computer model that predicts the robot's location.
GPS satellites ping (发送) smartphones and based on how long it takes for the signal to arrive, the GPS receiver in the smartphone can determine where the cell phone is. Similarly, researchers know how strong the magnetic field should be around the magnet placed in the robot. They rely on four sensors that are carefully spaced around the area where the robot operates to measure the magnetic field strength. Based on how strong the field is, they are able to determine where the tip of the robot is.
Morimoto and Watson went a step further. They then trained a neural network to learn the difference between what the sensors were reading and what the model said the sensors should be reading. As a result, they improved localization accuracy to track the tip of the robot. "Ideally we are hoping that our localization tools can help improve these kinds of growing robot technologies. We do want to push this research forward so that we can test our system in a clinical setting and eventually translate it into clinical use," Morimoto said.
28．What be learnt about the system according to the text?
A．It's complex. B．It's low-cost.
C．It's delicate. D．It's radioactive.
29．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The system's working principle.
B．The function of GPS satellites.
C．The reason for inventing the system,
D．The necessity of inventing the system.
30．What do Morimoto and Watson expect of the system?
A．It'll be environmentally-friendly.
B．It'll be sold on the Internet soon,
C．I'll be easy for us to operate.
D．It'll be tested with real patients.
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook. C．A magazine. D．A novel.
阅读理解
Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you're going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud? Don't you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.
Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you'd actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges（认可） it, psychologists have found it's called a "social reality". The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it's already done. And then, because you've felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual necessary hard work. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?
In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time .Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.
32．What do the words "social reality" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Necessary hard work. B．Completion of a goal
C．A sense of satisfaction. D．People's judgment.
33．What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?
A．Writing down the goal is very helpful.
B．Achieving the personal goal needs more time.
C．Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.
D．Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.
34．How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people's goal?
A．By giving figures. B．By giving examples.
C．By making a survey. D．By making comparison tests
35．What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?
A．You'll be more confident
B．You will not gain satisfaction.
C．You'll be less likely to realize it.
D．You'll be much more motivated.
四、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You've decided your child is spoiled（宠坏的），and you want to do something about it. Is it too late? Not necessarily. Here are four tips from an expert for getting your child to behave well.
36． You've spoiled your child by giving him or her too much for too little. You can correct this by helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and understand that not all good behavior is rewarded. 37． For example, at first, insist that your daughter put a few toys away before she gets a snack, and gradually increase the amount of work required for each reward.
Don't overreact to crying. When children don't get what they want, their natural behavior is to cry. If you react every time your child cries, you may be denying（拒绝给予） him or her an important chance to learn something. 38．
Prepare for a fight. At the beginning, children's demands will increase when they find out parents are not going to give them the new toys they want. When it happens, be careful not to give in just because the child shouts. 39．
Stick to the program. 40． That' s not necessarily a bad thing. It means the requirements are getting stricter and that your child is accepting changes. Remember： Give it time, and don't give up.
A. Make changes slowly.
B. Cut down on rewards.
C. Try your best to comfort the child.
D. Rather, wait until the child calms down.
E. Your child will probably be upset when you begin making changes.
F. There is little doubt that things will get worse before they get better.
G.As a parent, you need to know when to comfort a child and when to simply walk away.
五、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I walked around to the side of a puddle along the path covered by water and mud. I was suddenly attacked! Yet I did 41． , for it was so unpredictable. I stepped back and my attacker 42． attacking me. Instead, he flied in the air with its graceful wings in front of me. If I had been hurt, I wouldn't have found it amusing but I was unhurt, it was 43． and I was laughing. After all, I was being attacked by a butterfly!
I took a step forward, and my attacker rushed me again. He pushed and 44． me in the chest with his head and body over and over again with all his might. It's just not everyday that one is 45． by a butterfly, so I stopped to find out the 46． . My attacker moved back as well to 47． on the ground. That's when I discovered why my attacker was 48． me only moments earlier. His mate beside the puddle where he landed was dying.
Sitting close beside her, he opened and closed his wings as if to fan her. I could only admire the love and courage of that butterfly in his 49． for his mate, even though she was 50． dying and obviously I was so large. He did so just to give her those extra few 51． moments of life. Now I knew why and what he was 52． . I couldn't do anything other than reward him by changing my 53． to the more difficult side of the puddle. He had truly 54． those moments to be with her, undisturbed. I cleaned the mud from my boots and left.
Since then, I've always tried to remember the courage of that butterfly 55． I see huge barriers facing me. I always use it as an inspiration to remind myself that good things are worth striving for.
41．A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything
42．A．missed B．forgot C．stopped D．avoided
43．A．funny B．surprising C．shocking D．exciting
44．A．grasped B．hit C．took D．seized
45．A．admired B．alarmed C．attracted D．attacked
46．A．reason B．purpose C．origin D．direction
47．A．run B．lie C．stand D．land
48．A．guiding B．charging C．biting D．puzzling
49．A．curiosity B．anxiety C．concern D．return
50．A．doubtfully B．clearly C．eventually D．suddenly
51．A．previous B．precise C．precious D．preferable
52．A．fighting for B．looking for C．longing for D．providing for
53．A．goal B．way C．opinion D．attitude
54．A．enjoyed B．left C．earned D．remembered
55．A．whatever B．however C．whichever D．whenever
六、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their 56． (plan) mission to Mars.
A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. 57． is known that Mars is 225 million kilometers away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. "When you're living with others in a confined (封闭的) space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely 58． (happen)" Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, 59． (say) to the Guardian. This is probably 60． NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. "These are people that have the 61． (able) to pull everyone together." Johnson said.
In 62． (stress) situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. We can share our stress by 63． (laugh) together. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that 64． (possible) won't happen. "Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said, "They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer." Besides, it's required that they 65． (be) in top physical condition.
七、写作
66．书面表达
假定你是李华，在一所国际学校就读。近期你校将推广普及垃圾分类，目前正在招募志愿者。请你用英文向负责老师Mr. Hawk 提出申请，内容包括：
1）写作目的；
2）申请理由；
3）期待加入。
注意：1）词数80字左右。
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage sorting
Dear Mr. Hawk,
67．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"Mom！" I screamed as I looked through the window, "Why is my Ink Spot sitting in Mrs. Cleary's window？"
Mom pushed past me to confirm it. Sure enough, across the street was Ink Spot cleaning himself in the window of Mrs. Cleary's sitting room. I couldn't believe my eyes. He was my cat, not Mrs. Cleary's. She had already adopted twelve cats. Why must she keep my cat？I could feel anger boiling up inside me. Meanwhile, Ink Spot's leaving without any signs upset me. A sense of being left out hit me hard.
Ink Spot was special for me. After my baby sister's birth, "my" parents' time was taken by her. It seemed no one in the family cared about or even noticed me. Worse still, I was packed off to a kindergarten. I hated being left out from the bottom of my heart.
It was when mom noticed me weeping in a corner one night that things began to change. After that, Ink Spot came into my life. Every night, he curled（卷曲）up beside me in bed and he was there for me after school when I raced home just to be with him.
I fell in love with Ink Spot the first time I saw its tiny black and white kitten, for which I called him Ink Spot. Mom and daddy beamed with pleasure as my eyes danced with joy again. It was the first time that I had smiled since my little baby sister came into the family. As for me, he was more than a cat. Actually, he was my life.
But today when I came home, Ink Spot was in Mrs. Cleary's window. I wanted him back. But mom insisted that if Ink Spot stayed at Mrs. Cleary's, that meant it was where he wanted to be. "No！Mom, Ink Spot is my cat", I protested wildly but I had to admit the truth of mom's words. Standing on the sidewalk, I was at a loss as to what to do. Staring at Ink Spot for a while, I couldn't stand the anger any longer.
注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I walked towards Mrs. Cleary's house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily.
Upon seeing me, Ink Spot jumped off the window, running towards me in a flash.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】C
【解析】【听力原文】略
2．【答案】C
【解析】【听力原文】略
3．【答案】B
【解析】【听力原文】略
4．【答案】A
【解析】【听力原文】略
5．【答案】C
【解析】【听力原文】略
【答案】6．A
7．B
【解析】【听力原文】略
6．
7．
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．A
【解析】【听力原文】略
8．
9．
10．
【答案】11．C
12．B
13．C
【解析】【听力原文】略
11．
12．
13．
【答案】14．A
15．B
16．A
17．C
【解析】【听力原文】略
14．
15．
16．
17．
【答案】18．B
19．C
20．C
【解析】【听力原文】略
18．
19．
20．
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国一些适合观赏和游玩的海滩。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．考查细节理解。根据Sand Beach, Maine部分中的“Bordered on both sides by rocky headlands, visitors can also appreciate the tide pools as well as some unique wildlife living in the headlines. ”两边都是多岩石的海岬，游客们还可以欣赏潮汐池，以及一些生活在新闻头条上的独特野生动物。可知游客可以在Sand Beach, Maine看见稀有物种，故选A。
22．考查细节理解。根据South Ocean Beach, Mary land部分中的“This shoreline is drivable, giving visitors the opportunities to enjoy all the miles of the beach and all of the activities of the beach”这个海岸线是可驾驶的，让游客有机会享受所有英里的海滩和海滩上的所有活动。可知在参观游览South Ocean Beach, Mary land可以驾车，故选C。
23．考查推理判断。根据第一段“There are many oceans and lakes in the United States where you can gain unexpected experiences. Here are some of most stunning ones found throughout the United States. ”美国有许多海洋和湖泊，在那里你可以获得意想不到的体验。以下是一些在美国发现的最令人震惊的几个（海滩）)。结合全文介绍的四个海滩可知，海滩爱好者会对这篇文章感兴趣，故选B。
【答案】24．A
25．C
26．D
27．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，泰勒生来就感染了艾滋病，但是他积极乐观，享受生命，并积极看待生命和死亡。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
24．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Tyler wasn’t willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. ”泰勒不愿意把他童年的任何一分一秒都献给这种致命的疾病。可知，泰勒是一个勇敢乐观的人。故选A。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were linked to this pump and continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. ”这根管子连接到他背的一个小背包里的一个泵上。药物被连接到这个泵上并通过这个管子持续地输送到他的血液中。可知，泰勒必须背他的背包，因为背包里有给他血液输送药物的泵。故选C。
26．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him.”我们所有认识泰勒的人都惊讶于他活着的纯粹快乐以及活着给他带来的能量。可知，当泰勒饱受致命疾病的折磨时，他努力享受生活。故选D。
27．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too. I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.”当我死时，请给我穿上红色的衣服。妈妈保证她也会来天堂的。她来的时候我会在玩，我要确保她能找到我。表达了泰勒对生命的热爱、乐观和对母亲的思念。“给我穿上红衣服”是最好的标题。故选B。
【答案】28．B
29．A
30．D
31．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种微型机器人，可以负载药物在人体内进行治疗，并对其原理工作的实施操作进行了说明。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
28．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Roboticists at the University of California San Diego have developed an affordable, easy to use system to track the location of flexible surgical robots inside the human body. The system performs as well as current state of the art methods, but the whole system, including the robot, magnets and magnet localization setup, costs around $100.”加州大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家开发了一种价格低廉、易于使用的系统，可以跟踪柔性手术机器人在人体内的位置。该系统的性能和目前最先进的方法一样好，但是整个系统，包括机器人、磁铁和磁铁定位设置，大约花费100美元。可知，这项机器人系统价格低廉，故选B。
29．考查段落大意。根据第四段“GPS satellites ping (发送) smartphones and based on how long it takes for the signal to arrive, the GPS receiver in the smartphone can determine where the cell phone is. Similarly, researchers know how strong the magnetic field should be around the magnet placed in the robot. They rely on four sensors that are carefully spaced around the area where the robot operates to measure the magnetic field strength. Based on how strong the field is, they are able to determine where the tip of the robot is.”GPS卫星可以定位智能手机，根据信号到达的时间，智能手机上的GPS接收器可以确定手机的位置。同样，研究人员知道放置在机器人体内的磁铁周围的磁场应该有多强。他们依靠四个传感器，这些传感器小心地分布在机器人操作的区域，以测量磁场强度。根据磁场的强度，他们可以确定机器人的尖端在哪里。可知，第四段用GPS的原理引出该机器人的工作原理，并说明两个原理是相同的，故选A。
30．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Morimoto and Watson went a step further. They then trained a neural network to learn the difference between what the sensors were reading and what the model said the sensors should be reading. As a result, they improved localization accuracy to track the tip of the robot. ‘Ideally we are hoping that our localization tools can help improve these kinds of growing robot technologies. We do want to push this research forward so that we can test our system in a clinical setting and eventually translate it into clinical use,’ Morimoto said.”森本和沃森更进一步。然后，他们训练一个神经网络，以了解传感器读取的数据与模型认为传感器应该读取的数据之间的区别。结果，他们提高了跟踪机器人尖端的定位精度。“理想情况下，我们希望我们的定位工具能够帮助改善这类不断发展的机器人技术。我们确实想推进这项研究，这样我们就可以在临床环境中测试我们的系统，并最终将其转化为临床应用。”森本说。可知，森本和沃森期望这个研究可以运用于临床，故选D。
31．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Roboticists at the University of California San Diego have developed an affordable, easy to use system to track the location of flexible surgical robots inside the human body. ”加州大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家开发了一种价格低廉、易于使用的系统，可以跟踪柔性手术机器人在人体内的位置。结合全文内容可知本文主要向作者介绍了一种微型机器人，可以负载药物在人体内进行治疗，并对其原理工作的实施操作进行了说明。此类文章为科研文，一般会出现在杂志中，故选C。
【答案】32．B
33．C
34．D
35．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了将目标告诉别人之后得到的满足感会让你不太可能完成目标，而将目标保密会让你更努力的完成目标。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
32．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it‘s already done.” 大脑有点被骗了，感觉已经完成了。可知，social reality指的是大脑被欺骗感觉目标已经完成了，也就是说social reality意味着目标的完成。故选B。
33．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average”现在，那些闭上嘴的人平均工作了整整45分钟，可知，Peter Gollwitzer通过做实验发现没有宣布自己的目标的人坚持完成目标的时间更长，因此推断他想告诉人们将目标保密会让人们更加努力。故选C。
34．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't.” 163人参加了四次不同的测试——每个人都写下了自己的个人目标。然后一半人宣布了他们对这个目标的承诺，一半人没有；以及“Finally, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.” 最后，那些闭嘴的人平均工作了45分钟，当被问及时，他们说他们觉得自己要实现目标还有很长的路要走. 但那些平均仅仅33分钟就宣布退回的人说，当后来被问及时，他们觉得自己离实现目标更接近了。可知，Peter Gollwitzer做了一个实验，163个实验对象都写下了他们的个人目标，然后他们中的一半宣布了他们对这个目标的承诺，而一半没有。然后比较了两种实验对象的结果。因此推断Peter Gollwitzer证明他的想法是通过一个对照实验。故选D。
35．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.” 好吧，坏消息：你应该闭上嘴，因为那种良好的感觉会让你不太可能完成目标。可知，将目标告诉别人之后得到的满足感会让你不太可能完成目标，因此如果你将自己的目标告诉朋友，你会不太可能实现这个目标。故选C。
【答案】36．B；37．A；38．G；39．D；40．E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何纠正被宠坏的孩子的行为。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
36．根据空后“by giving him or her too much for too little.”孩子要的少而你给孩子太多”；以及“by helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and understand that not all good behavior is rewarded” 帮助孩子学会为了奖励而更加努力地工作，并理解并不是所有的好行为都会得到奖励。可知，要做的就是减少奖励。 B. Cut down on rewards. “减少奖励”符合语境，故选B。
37．根据空后“... gradually increase the amount of work required for each reward.” 逐步增加每种奖励所需的工作量。文中的“gradually increase”正对应着A.Make changes slowly“慢慢改变”，故选A。
38．根据空前“Don't overreact to crying”不要对｛孩子的｝哭泣反应过度；以及空后“.... If you react every time your child cries, you may be denying”可知，作为父母的你如果过度反应的话会剥夺孩子学习的机会，G. As a parent, you need to know when to comfort a child and when to simply walk away.“作为父母，要知道什么时候应该安慰，什么时候应该不理会。”是对上文不过度回应孩子哭闹之后的正确做法的阐述。故选G。
39．根据空前“Prepare for a fight”准备战斗；以及“not to give in just because the child shouts”要小心不要因为孩子大声喊叫就屈服。可推断出，此处给出正确做法：等孩子平静下来，D.Rather, wait until the child calms down“而是等孩子冷静下来”符合语境，故选D。
40．根据空前“tick to the program”坚持这个计划；以及空后“It means the requirements are getting stricter and that your child is accepting”这意味着要求越来越严格，你的孩子也正在接受改变。可知空格处在本段中起承上启下的作用。E. Your child will probably be upset when you begin making changes. “当你开始改变的时候，你的孩子可能会不高兴”符合这种承上启下的作用。故选E。
【答案】41．A；42．C；43．A；44．B；45．D；46．A；47．D；48．B；49．C；50．B；51．C；52．A；53．B；54．C；55．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在绕道时突然被一只蝴蝶攻击了，蝴蝶用尽全力攻击作者，不让作者往前进一步，作者于是停下来查看原因，才发现是因为这只蝴蝶的伴侣在水坑边即将死去，蝴蝶攻击作者只是为了给伴侣争取额外的一些时间。作者被他的勇气和爱所感动，于是改道走了更难走的路，从那以后，每当作者面对巨大的障碍时，作者总是努力回忆那只蝴蝶的勇气，总是用它作为一种激励来提醒自己，好的东西是值得争取的。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及代词，动词，名词，形容词，副词，状语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
41．句意：但我什么也没做，因为它太不可预测了。A. nothing“没有什么”；B. something“某事”；C. everything“一切”；D. anything“任何事”。根据空后“for it was so unpredictable”可知因为攻击者行动难以预测，所以作者什么都没做。故选A。
42．句意：我向后退了一步，攻击者停止了对我的攻击。A. missed“错过”；B. forgot“忘记”；C. stopped“停止”；D. avoided“避免”。根据下文“Instead, he flied in the air with its graceful wings in front of me.”可知，作者后退一步之后，蝴蝶也不再攻击作者，而是飞到了半空，stop doing sth.固定短语“停止正在做的事”。故选C。
43．句意：如果我受伤了，我不会觉得这很有趣，但我没有受伤，这很有趣，我笑了。A. funny“有趣的”；B. surprising“令人惊讶的”；C. shocking“令人震惊的”；D. exciting“令人激动的”。根据空后“I was laughing”可知作者觉得被一只蝴蝶攻击很有趣。故选A。
44．句意：他用头和身体推我，撞我的胸口，一遍又一遍，用尽全力。A. grasped“抓牢”；B. hit“碰撞，打击”；C. took“带走”；D. seized“抓住”。根据上文“I was suddenly attacked!”可知指蝴蝶用头和身体撞击作者的胸口，故选B。
45．句意：被蝴蝶攻击的事可不是每天都有的，所以我停下来查看原因。A. admired“钦佩”；B. alarmed“报警”；C. attracted“吸引”；D. attacked“攻击”。对应上文“I was being attacked by a butterfly”指被蝴蝶攻击。故选D。
46．句意：被蝴蝶攻击的事可不是每天都有的，所以我停下来查看原因。A. reason“理由”；B. purpose“目的”；C. origin“起源”；D. direction“方向”根据下文“That’s when I discovered why my attacker was”指作者停下来查看蝴蝶攻击自己的原因，故选A。
47．句意：我的攻击者也向后移动，降落在了地上。A. run“奔跑”；B. lie“撒谎”；C. stand“站立”；D. land“降落，登陆”。根据空后“on the ground”指蝴蝶降落在地面上。故选D。
48．句意：这时我发现了袭击者片刻之前向我冲来的原因。A. guiding“指导”；B. charging“要价，向……冲来”；C. biting“咬”；D. puzzling“使迷惑”。根据上文“I took a step forward, and my attacker rushed me again.”可知作者一向前迈步，蝴蝶就向自己冲来，charge此处表示“向……冲来”。故选B。
49．句意：我只能钦佩那只蝴蝶在对他的伴侣的关心中表现出的爱和勇气，尽管她显然即将死去，而我显然如此巨大。A. curiosity“好奇心”；B. anxiety“焦虑”；C. concern“关心”；D. return“返回”。根据上文“Sitting close beside her, he opened and closed his wings as if to fan her.”可知，蝴蝶之所以攻击作者，是不想作者向前走伤害自己的伴侣，而他紧挨着她，张开又合上翅膀，好像在给她扇风，这一系列举动都表明蝴蝶关心他的伴侣。故选C。
50．句意：我只能钦佩那只蝴蝶在对他的伴侣的关心中表现出的爱和勇气，尽管她显然即将死去，而我显然如此巨大。A. doubtfully“怀疑地”；B. clearly“无疑地，清楚地”；C. eventually“终于”；D. suddenly“突然”。根据上文“His mate beside the puddle where he landed was dying.”指那只攻击者蝴蝶的伴侣无疑正在死去，故选B。
51．句意：他这样做只是为了给她生命中额外争取一些宝贵时间。A. previous“以前的”；B. precise“精确的”；C. precious“宝贵的”；D. preferable“更好的”。根据语境可知，蝴蝶的伴侣即将死去，因此他这么做是为了给伴侣再争取一些宝贵时间。故选C。
52．句意：现在我明白他和我展开激战的原因了。A. fighting for“为……而战”；B. looking for“寻找”；C. longing for“渴望”；D. providing for“提供”。根据上文，蝴蝶主动攻击作者，其实是为了他的伴侣，即作者明白了蝴蝶是在为什么而战，故选A。
53．句意：除了改道去更难走的水坑那边来嘉奖他的行为，我什么也做不了。A. goal“目标”；B. way“方法，道路”；C. opinion“观点”；D. attitude“态度”。根据空后“to the more difficult side of the puddle”指作者看到蝴蝶的行为之后，决定改变要走的道路，去更难走的水坑那边。故选B。
54．句意：他真正赢得了和她在一起，不受打扰的时刻。A. enjoyed“欣赏”；B. left“离开”；C. earned“赚得，赢得”；D. remembered“记得”。根据空后“those moments to be with her”可知，这只蝴蝶通过自己的努力，赢得了和伴侣最后的时刻。故选C。
55．句意：从那以后，无论什么时候我面对巨大的障碍时，我总是努力回忆起那只蝴蝶的勇气。A. whatever“无论什么”；B. however“无论如何”；C. whichever“无论哪一个”；D. whenever“每当，无论何时”。根据语境可知，此处指无论什么时候作者遇到面对巨大的障碍时，总是努力回忆起那只蝴蝶的勇气，表示“无论什么时候”应用whenever。故选D。
【答案】56．planned；57．It；58．to happen；59．said；60．why；61．ability；62．stressful；63．laughing；64．possibly；65．should be/be
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国国家航空航天局寻找一位有幽默感的宇航员加入他们的火星任务，说明了这一要求背后的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，代词，非谓语动词，时态，表语从句，名词，形容词，副词以及虚拟语气等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
56．考查形容词。修饰名词mission应用形容词，表示“计划任务”。故填planned。
57．考查代词。句意：众所周知，火星距离地球2.25亿公里。it is known that…固定句式，“众所周知……”，需用it做形式主语，故填It。
58．考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.固定短语，“可能做某事”后跟不定式，故填to happen。
59．考查时态。此处描述已经发生的事情应用一般过去时，故填said。
60．考查表语从句。句意：这可能就是为什么NASA想要一个有幽默感的宇航员。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故用why引导，填why。
61．考查名词。根据上文the可知应填名词，表示“能力”，故填ability。
62．考查形容词。修饰名词situations应用形容词，表示“有压力的情况”，stressful“有压力的”。故填stressful。
63．考查非谓语动词。by为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填laughing。
64．考查副词。修饰动词happen应用副词，故填possibly。
65．考查虚拟语气。句意：此外，还要求他们的身体状况最好。动词require意为“需要，要求”时，后接从句要用虚拟语气，即其后的从句：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填should be/be。
66．【答案】Dear Mr. Hawk,
I'm Li Hua, a Senior Two student. Learning that volunteers for garbage sorting are needed, I'm writing to apply to be one of them.
Having served as a volunteer in our community, I am equipped with abundant experience and knowledge of how to sort garbage. In Addition, being passionate and responsible is also what makes me qualified for the job. If given the chance, I will spare no effort to do it well.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your earliest reply.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份 向负责老师Mr. Hawk 提出申请 志愿者。写作背景：你 ，在一所国际学校就读。近期你校将推广普及垃圾分类，目前正在招募志愿者。 写作要点已经给出，内容包括：1）写作目的；2）申请理由；3）期待加入。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I'm Li Hua, a Senior Two student.运用了同位语； Learning that volunteers for garbage sorting are needed, I'm writing to apply to be one of them.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；In Addition, being passionate and responsible is also what makes me qualified for the job.运用了表语从句； If given the chance, I will spare no effort to do it well.运用了条件状语从句的省略；I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.运用了I would appreciate it if...固定句式。
67．【答案】 I walked towards Mrs. Cleary's house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily. The moment she opened the door, I asked Mrs. Cleary with watery eyes, “Why is my cat in your window？” Confused, Mrs. Cleary responded， “I didn't know he was yours. I just thought he was another abandoned cat, so I took him in just like I took in all the rest. If what I did has hurt you, I am awfully sorry.” Then she led me directly to the sitting room, where cats were playing happily.
Upon seeing me, Ink Spot jumped off the window, running towards me in a flash. A flood of excitement passed through my body. I immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my chin purring loudly. Seeing my cat well taken care of, I realized I had misunderstood my caring neighbor. Now my anger gave way to gratitude. I thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home, where I thought he should belong. The lost and found companion made me feel I was someone again.
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述主人公在妈妈生了妹妹后，感到孤独，多亏有猫咪墨点的陪伴，但有一天猫咪去了领居家，主人公误以为是猫咪抛弃了自己，后来误会解除，他再一次感觉被爱。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我慌忙走向克利里太太家，生气地敲了敲门。” 可知，第一段可描写主人公是如何质问克利里太太，以及克利里太太是怎样解释的。②由第二段首句内容“墨点一看见我，就从窗户上跳了下来，一眨眼的工夫向我跑来。” 可知，第二段可描写主人公情绪变化过程以及内心活动，还有误会矛盾的化解。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： The moment she opened the door, I asked Mrs. Cleary with watery eyes, “Why is my cat in your window？”运用了时间状语从句； Confused, Mrs. Cleary responded...运用了形容词作状语；I didn't know he was yours.运用了宾语从句； I just thought he was another abandoned cat, so I took him in just like I took in all the rest.运用了宾语从句，因果并列句； If what I did has hurt you, I am awfully sorry.运用了条件状语从句，主语从句； Then she led me directly to the sitting room, where cats were playing happily.运用了非限制性定语从句； I immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my chin purring loudly. 运用了时间状语从句；Seeing my cat well taken care of, I realized I had misunderstood my caring neighbor. 运用了宾语从句；I thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home, where I thought he should belong. 运用了时间状语从句，非限制性定语从句；The lost and found companion made me feel I was someone again.运用了宾语从句。
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