训练06 Book 1 Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications-2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（外研版）

外研版2019必修一

狂刷06 Module 6  

The Internet and Telecommunications

Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。

1．Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village, so it is not accessible to the outside now.(access)

2.It's believed that hard work can create wealth but the creation of wealth also needs creative quality.(create)

3．Mr. Smith, an inventor, has invented many useful things and has made much money from his inventions．(invent)

4．His father wouldn't permit him to drive there even if he had got his driving permit. Without his father's permission，he had no choice but to go there by bus or on a bike.(permit)

5．Concentration is important for this kind of work, and only by concentrating on it can you get it done well.(concentrate)

6．As a result of frequent smoking, the frequency of his asthma attack is increasing, and he coughs frequently．(frequent)

7．In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in online shopping.(advantage)

8．The war has ended but the government spending on defence(defend) is still increasing.

9．It is a creative(create) idea to make robots do housework for humans.

10．They were taken to the police station as they had entered the area without permission/being permitted (permit)．

II.句子翻译。

①我们学校作为一所规范化学校而闻名。

Our school is known as a standardized high school.

②在我们学校，每个班平均由50名学生组成。

In our school, every class consists of 50 students on average．

③我们学校的阅览室设计容纳200名学生。

The reading room of our school is designed to contain 200 students.

④在阅览室，我们可以专心阅读，也可以使用因特网。

In the reading room，we can concentrate our attention on reading and have access to the Internet as well．

⑤与书本相比，我们更容易通过因特网获取知识。

Compared with books, we get knowledge more easily through the Internet.

III.语法填空

The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, 1．consisting(consist) of millions of pages of data.

The earliest 2.invention(invent) DARPANET was only used for military aims. Then in 1989, Berners­Lee came up 3.with the idea of the World Wide Web and 4.designed(design) the first “web browser”. From that moment on, everyone has access 5.to the Internet as well.

Nowadays, the network is playing 6．a more and more important part in our life. Statistics show that the average time the Chinese people spend online is 17 hours per week. People can access 7．documents(document), read essays and do the shopping online. Students can even do their homework 8.independently(depend) with the help of it. Even so, we should not surf the Internet 9.frequently(frequent) because it also has many 10.disadvantages(disadvantage)．

Let's make full use of its advantages to make our life more beautiful.

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020湖南永州模拟)

　　Google, one of the world's outstanding tech companies, was attacked. It wasn't its search engine that was attacked or its advertising platform or even its social network, Google+. Instead, it was a building.

　　Two web security experts hacked (侵入) into its Wharf 7 office in Sydney, Australia, through Google's building management system (BMS). One of them, Billy Rios, says, “My colleague and I have a lot of experience in web security, but it is not something that people couldn't learn. Once you understand how the system works, it is very simple.”

　　They found the system on Shodan, a search engine that lists devices connected to the Internet, and then ran it through their own software to identify who owned the building. In the case of the Google hacking, the researchers had no immoral purpose and just informed Google about what they found.

　　According to Mr. Rios, who runs the security company Whitescope, there are 50,000 buildings currently connected to the Internet, including research institutes, churches and hospitals, and 2,000 of those are online with no password protection. Martyn Thomas, a professor of IT at Gresham College in the UK, says, “It is beyond doubt that attempts to attack building management systems are happening all the time.”

　　Making a building smart generally means connecting the systems that control heating and security to the Internet and the wider corporate network. There was a strong reason for doing this, said Andrew Kelly, principal security consultant at the defence company Qinetiq.

　　“Energy savings are the biggest factor in connecting building management systems to the corporate network,” he says. “It gives those who run the building better control and offers between 20% to 50% in energy savings,” he adds.

　　But it also makes them less secure. And if any of these feels like a Hollywood film, think again.

1.How did Billy Rios and his colleague hack into Google's building?

A.They invented a search engine and connected it to Google's building.

B.They connected their own software to the building to run Google.

C.They worked for Google and mastered how the building worked.

D.They used Google's BMS to find out the owner of the building.

2.In the case of the Google hacking, the researchers had the intention of 　　　. 

A.telling Google about the Wharf 7 office's hidden danger

B.entering Google's building to save more energy

C.explaining the reasons for energy savings

D.analyzing some immoral problems

3.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A.There are many researchers contributing a lot to web security.

B.The attack on building management systems happens all over the world.

C.The building management systems of some buildings are in danger.

D.There are too many buildings connected to the Internet to be managed well.

4.What is the author's attitude towards the way of the energy savings of some buildings?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A.Favorable  .  B.Ambiguous.

C.Neutral.    D.Negative.

答案　

1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句 Two web security experts hacked (侵入) into its Wharf 7 office in Sydney, Australia, through Google's building management system (BMS). 以及第三段第一句 They found the system on Shodan, a search engine that lists devices connected to the Internet, and then ran it through their own software to identify who owned the building. 可知,他们是根据BMS系统找到建筑物的所有者然后入侵谷歌建筑的。故选D项。

2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中In the case of the Google hacking, the researchers had no immoral purpose and just informed Google about what they found.以及第四段的描述可知,研究人员想告诉 Google 公司这套系统有隐藏的危险。故选A项。

3.C　主旨大意题。根据文章第四段第一句 According to Mr. Rios, who runs the security company Whitescope, there are 50,000 buildings currently connected to the Internet, including research institutes, churches and hospitals, and 2,000 of those are online with no password protection. 可知,很多连接互联网的建筑都没有密码保护,都处于潜在的危险之中。故选C项。

4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 But it also makes them less secure. And if any of these feels like a Hollywood film, think again. 可知,节能系统有好处,但是它也是潜在的不安全因素。说明作者持否定态度。故选D项。A:赞同的;B:模糊的;C:中立的。

B

(2020课标全国Ⅰ)

Train Information

All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.

While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.

Lost property(失物招领)

Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.

Public holidays

On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.

Customers using mobility devices

Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.

Guardian trains(outbound)

5.What would you do to get ticket information?

A.Call 13 16 17. B.Visit translink.com.au.

C.Ask at the local station. D.Check the train schedule.

6.At which station can you find the lost property office?

A.Altandi.   B.Roma Street.

C.Varsity Lakes.  D.Fortitude Valley.

7.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?

A.6:42 pm.   B.7:29 pm.

C.8:57 pm.   D.11:02 pm.

答案　

[语篇解读]　本文为应用文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是乘坐火车的信息。文章介绍了乘坐火车的一些关键事项。文章旨在培养学生快速获取信息的能力。

5.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:你将做什么来得到车票信息?根据文章第一段的For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.可知,如果想获取车票信息,可以在当地火车站询问或拨打13 12 30,故C项正确。

6.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:在哪个车站你可以找到失物招领处?根据文章Lost property部分的最后一句可知,失物招领处是在Roma Street。

7.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果你想从Central 到Varsity Lakes,你会乘坐哪列火车?根据文章最后的列车时刻表可知,从Central到Varsity Lakes的列车是下午7点29分发车。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020重庆南开中学二模)

Decision-making can be extremely difficult. 　1　 

In any approach to a problem and in any negotiation, the Western world turns to the “I to you” approach while Japan, the “you to you” approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, it often comes a confrontation(冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful at dealing with.　2　 Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual (相互的)attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony. 

Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the worker. 　3　 Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision. 

　4　 The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. 　5　 While the American are pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese are trying to think up a rather broad direction. 

On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace at which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners, perhaps, lag behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.

A.In general, harmony is hard to achieve in most Western companies.

B.However, in Japan, great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels.

C.That's why Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in Japanese businesses.

D.Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles.

E.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person's point of view.

F.Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.

G.Brainstorming plays a significant role in both Western and Eastern decision-making.

1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 

答案　

[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,主题语境为人与社会。文章以西方和日本为例,说明了不同的文化中决策风格的不同。

1.F　 过渡句。结合下文In any approach to a problem and in any negotiation, the Western world turns to the “I to you” approach while Japan, the “you to you” approach.(在任何解决问题的方法和谈判中,西方世界采用“我对你”的方法,而日本采用“你对你”的方法。)可知,不同的文化中,决策的风格也不一样。故F选项“决策风格在不同的文化中有很大的差异。”符合上下文语境。

2.E　 细节句。上文The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, it often comes a confrontation situation, which Westerners are very skillful at dealing with.(前者是指双方都公开地从自己的角度提出自己的观点。很自然地,经常会出现对峙的局面,西方人很善于处理这种局面。)中的The former“前者”可对应到E选项中的The latter“后者”,故E选项“后者是基于双方都试图理解对方的观点。”符合上下文语境。

3.B　过渡句。根据下文Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.(基于“自下而上的方向”,思想可以在最低层产生,通过组织向上传递,并对最终决策产生影响。)可推知,本句在说明一种重视基层人们的思想和意见的文化,故B项“然而,在日本,人们很重视各级人们的思想和意见。”符合上下文语境。

4.D　主题句。根据下文The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly.(日本商人努力达成和谐,即使交易失败,他们也会花任何必要的时间来确定一种“你对你”的方式,只间接地交流个人观点。)可知,此处是在说明沟通方式对决策差异的影响。故D项“决策的差异也来自不同的沟通方式。”符合本段主题。

5.C　过渡句。 根据下文While the American are pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese are trying to think up a rather broad direction.(当美国人迫切要求一个具体的决定时,日本人正试图想出一个相当宽泛的方向。)可知,日本和美国的沟通方式不同,故本句为说明这两种不同的沟通方式会引起的矛盾。故C项“这就是为什么美国人经常被日本企业的会议搞得心烦意乱。”符合上下文语境。

Ⅲ.短文改错

(2020山西太原二模)

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

With time pass by, I will be 18 years old. In other words, I will be a adult. What I want to express most is certainly my appreciate. First of all, I must thank for my parents, with which care and love I have grown up happily. What's more, I am quite gratefully to the dear teachers I had ever met. It is the teachers have taught me what should be done. Last but not least, having such many lovely friends makes my life quite meaningful and helps you realize the importance of sharing happiness and sorrows with others. I am sure that I will be better with the love given by others.

答案

1.第一句:pass→passing　句意:随着时间的流逝,我就要18岁了。宾语time与宾补pass之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。故将pass改为passing。

2.第二句:a→an　句意:换句话说,我将是一名成年人了。adult是以元音音素开头的单词,要用不定冠词an。

3.第三句:appreciate→appreciation　句意:我最想表达的肯定是我的谢意。在句中作表语且有形容词性物主代词my修饰,所以要用名词形式。故将appreciate改为appreciation。

4.第四句:去掉for　句意:首先我要感谢我的父母,在他们的关爱中我幸福地成长。thank是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语,不需要加介词for。

5.第四句:which→whose　此处表达:他们的,所以要用关系代词whose引导定语从句。

6.第五句:gratefully→grateful　句意:此外,我非常感恩我遇到的亲爱的老师们。be grateful to sb.中要用形容词作表语。故将gratefully改为grateful。

7.第五句:had→have　此处表达“到现在为止遇到的老师们”,要用现在完成时。故将had改为have。

8.第六句:teachers后加that/who　句意:正是这些老师们教会了我应该做什么。本句是强调句型,被强调部分是句子的主语the teachers,应该用“It is sb. that/who+其他部分”。

9.第七句:such→so　有这么多可爱的朋友们使我的生活非常有意义。so many+可数名词复数。

10.第七句:you→me　此处表达朋友帮我意识到了与别人分享幸福和悲伤的重要性。本文描述的是“我”,所以将you改为me。

I.用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The best books are the ones that open further as time passes(pass)．

2．(2020·浙江卷)When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs(design) were.

3．The book contains(contain) plenty of information on how to plant flowers.

4．The night view of the harbour is even more fantastic(fantastic)．

5．We will look for ways to shorten(shorten) the time taken to complete these tasks.

II.语法填空。

The Internet,which is the 1.　　　(big)source of information,2.　　　(consist)of millions of pages of data.Everyone in the world can access it 3.　　　(use)the World Wide Web through a computer.But how did it start?In 1969,it was a US defence organisation 4.　　　developed a way for all their computers to“talk”to each other 5.　　　the telephone.Then in 1984,the US National Science Foundation started the NSFNET network.It became possible for 6.　　　(university)to use the system as well. 

Later Tim Berners-Lee,an English scientist came up with the idea of the World Wide Web and invented it in 1991,7.　　　allowed computer users 8.　　　(access)documents from other computers.From that moment on,the web and the Internet grew.Within five years,the number of Internet users rose 9.　　　(quick).The Internet has created thousands of millionaires,10.　　　Berners-Lee is not one of them.He now works as a lecturer at an institute. 

答案　1.biggest　2.consists　3.using　4.that/which  5.through　6.universities　7.which　8.to access  9.quickly　10.but

III.书面表达

(2020湖南雅礼中学5月模拟)

　　由于新冠肺炎(COVID-19),你所在国际学校原定下周举行的生命科学周将改为在网上进行。你受学生会委托写一则英文通知,内容包括:

1.变更原因;

2.具体活动;

3.期待参与。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

答案　

One possible version:

Notice

May 18,2020

Life Sciences Week

Due to the on-going concerns regarding COVID-19, we have decided to move our Life Sciences Week, scheduled for May 22—26, to a fully virtual experience.

Life Sciences Week is a five-day exploration of the natural world. Lectures to be delivered by distinguished professors will provide you with more insights into rare species of flora and fauna. Besides, you can watch documentaries to get a unique glimpse into the secretive lives of germs. There will also be a digital exhibition featuring students' paintings and photographic works, where you will be awed by the beauty of our community.

The full list of events is now available at our school website. Please join us online for an exciting and rewarding experience!

The Students' Union