玩转高考题—2021高考英语天津卷D篇阅读二次开发

2021高考英语天津卷D篇阅读二次开发

真题试做

There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.

Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.

Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit.

Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.

Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."

These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.

1．To become a specialist, one may have to_____.

A．narrow his range of knowledge

B．avoid responsibilities at work

C．know more about the society

D．broaden his perspective on life

2．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.

A．treasure their freedom

B．travel around the world

C．spend most time working

D．enjoy meeting funny people

3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.

A．is fully aware of his talent and ability

B．is a pure specialist in medicine

C．should love poetry and philosophy

D．brings knowledge of other fields to work

4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?

A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.

B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.

C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.

D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.

5．What could be the best title for the passage?

A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist

B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide

C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist

D．Ways to Become a Generalist

参考答案：

本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。

1．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。

2．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。

3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。

4．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。

5．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。

一：重点词汇

语法填空

1． There is        great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of            （responsible） at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.

参考答案： a ； responsibility，第一空考查冠词用法；a great deal of 表示许多大量的含义。第二空考查形容词变名词；要掌握自己的领域，要有很大的压力。你可以在工作中追求培训、学位或提高责任水平。然后你就会发现必须跟上步伐的压力。

2．Some people seem         （will） to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also             （weak） a sense of freedom.

参考答案：willing；weaken；第一空考查名词变形容词；第二空考查形容词变动词的用法.有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业中全天候工作。但这种承诺也会削弱一种自由感。

3．           （Master） one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit.

参考答案：Mastering；考查动名词做主语的用法。掌握一件事而排斥别人（排除）可以阻碍你的真实精神。

4．They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm             can bring their broad perspective （视角）           specific fields of expertise

参考答案：who；into。第一空考查定语从句；who在从句中充当主语；第二空考查介词用法；bring...into带来……进入。他们是有能力、才能和热情的人，他们可以把他们的广阔的视角（视角）带到特定的专业领域

5．Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all     （relate）areas.

参考答案：related，考查词性变换。事情是相连的。让你在一个领域的专业知识激发你在所有相关领域的激情。

长难句解析

①　There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.

翻译：即使你是专家，做一个多才能手是值得讨论的。了解很多感兴趣的事情，你可以让美好的生活更加丰富。

分析： even if 在此引导让步状语从句；Knowing是非谓语；与主语有为主动关系；lot of things that引导的是定语从句.

②　 The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work.

翻译： 作为专家的缺点是我们经常对越来越多的了解越来越少。要掌握自己的领域，要有很大的压力。你可以在工作中追求培训、学位或提高责任水平。

分析：The drawback to being specialists is之后引导的是省略的that的表语从句，that在从句中不充当成分；只起连接作用。a great deal of 表示许多；大量

③　These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit.

翻译：这些专家可以在办公室工作到每天晚上10点，然后回头看看，他们会很想回家，享受家人和朋友的甜蜜，或者去令人兴奋的地方，遇到有趣的人。掌握一件事而排斥别人会阻碍你真正的精神。

分析：realize 之后是省略了that 的宾语从句，that不做成分， have loved； enjoyed ；traveled 为三个并列的谓语动词；meeting 为非谓语动词； Mastering为动名词做主语的成分

④　Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."

翻译：你的一些兴趣可能似乎没有联系，但一旦你探索它们的深度，你会发现它们是。我的编辑托尼也是一名作家，他编辑了几本历史书。她已经决定学习中国的历史。作为一名画家，她着迷于紫禁城的结构之美，她同样对学习中国哲学更感兴趣。”我不知道它会带来什么，但我很兴奋我这样追求。”

分析： once引导状语从句；who 引导定语从句；引导词在从句中做主语；Fascinated 为非谓语；且与逻辑 主语是被动关系；where引导宾语从句；where在从句中充当地点状语；excited之后是原因状语从句

四：相同话题训练

Passage A

People who love to spend time in their kitchen know that after having a rough day it helps them to relieve stress. Cooking up a favorite meal helps you forget about any of the issues you were focused on during the day. 1．    Spending time alone in the kitchen after a long day at work allows you to simply recharge and enjoy the solitude of your kitchen.

Cooking can be a great way to put off a daily task, and those who love to cook know this all too well. Putting all your effort into making an elaborate meal or your favorite dessert is a great way to avoid anything that you have been dreading.

2．    Anyone who enjoys cooking knows that when you share a common interest like cooking with someone from a different culture, you can easily form a bond. They see this as an amazing opportunity to share recipes and dishes and learn from different cooking traditions and customs.

Eating out as a cook allows you to taste surprising ingredients in dishes. 3．    Unusual flavors excite you and unique interpretations of dishes have you asking the waiter exactly what was added to make the food so flavorful. This might not excite your non-cook friends and family, but for you, it’s a great way to learn and improve. 4．  

5．    As a cook, you have learned to add your own personal tastes to recipes through extensive trial and error. There are no limits for you when it comes to putting a new take on a traditional favorite, because, for you, cooking is all about creation.

A．Going out to eat becomes a whole other experience.

B．Instead, you concentrate on creating something delicious.

C．Cooking is also a universal language.

D．Moreover, cooking plays an important role in family life.

E. It is also likely to potentially inspire you to try to cook the meals in your own kitchen.

F. Mastering cooking skills helps you to become creative with food.

G. Cooking makes you a happy and popular person.

参考答案：

这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了喜欢花时间在厨房的人知道，在经历了艰难的一天后，亲手制作美食这有助于他们缓解压力。

1.上文Cooking up a favorite meal helps you forget about any of the issues you were focused on during the day.烹饪一顿喜爱的美食帮助你忘记白天关注的一切事物。该空承接上文，B选项“相反地，你的注意力会集中在制作美食上”切题，故选B。

2．从后文的内容可以得知该段主题是喜欢烹饪可以让你与不同文化、不同习俗和传统的人们分享共同的兴趣爱好，从而形成一种连结。故这一段的段落标题应该是“烹饪是一种全球化通用语言”，故选C。

3．上文Eating out as a cook allows you to taste surprising ingredients in dishes.说作为一名厨师，外出就餐可以让你品尝到菜肴中令人惊讶的配料。该空承接上文，E选项“你会受到激发，在自家厨房里尝试烹饪饭店里的菜肴”切题，故选E。

4．上文This might not excite your non-cook friends and family, but for you, it’s a great way to learn and improve.说这可能不会让你那些不做饭的朋友和家人兴奋，但对你来说，这是一个学习和提高的好方法。该空承接上文，A选项“出去吃饭变成了另一种体验。”切题，故选A。

5.下文As a cook, you have learned to add your own personal tastes to recipes through extensive trial and error. There are no limits for you when it comes to putting a new take on a traditional favorite, because, for you, cooking is all about creation.作为一名厨师，你已经学会了通过大量的尝试和错误将自己的个人口味添加到食谱中。对你来说，对传统的最爱进行新的诠释是没有限制的，因为对你来说，烹饪就是创造。所以该段的段落标题是是你可以自己通过尝试实验，根据自己的喜好在传统美食的基础上创造新的佳肴，故选F。

Passage B

Five days a week, 28-year-old Ebony Smith arrives at Changing Gears Bike Shop at 1050 am, ten minutes before opening Walking into the shop, she turns on the lights, opens the register, and reviews the repair orders. For the next several hours she will repair bikes with professional skill and care, and guide customers through bike choices like an experienced rider, learning about their needs and preferences, and helping them to find the perfect fit.

Although Smith had almost no experience riding a bike and didn't even enjoy riding one when she first came to Changing Gears, she has stayed in the position for nearly a decade now, and her customers are thankful to her heartfelt assistance. What's more, many of the shop  visitors are youth from families living in low-income housing named Alameda Point Smith lived in this neighborhood throughout her childhood, and to these youngsters and families she is a positive role model - someone determined to succeed in spite of educational and financial struggles

When she first began at Changing Gears at 19 years old, Smith was living with her parents, who struggled to make a living. She had failed to earn a high school diploma when she didn't pass California's high school exit exam. However, when a three- month job training position opened at the bike shop in 2008, Smith took a chance to, as she says,”turn her life around". She signed up and was quickly hired.

Smith is just one of the thousands of Changing Gears' employees around the wold, and her continued success at Changing Gears embodies the shop's duty to "operate a bicycle-based social enterprise that meets the needs of the underprivileged of our local area".In addition, the shop has a strong environmental focus, which includes bicycle reuse and recycling Throughout the years Changing Gears has also engaged youth and families in bicycle field trips and provided free bicycle parking and repair service at local farmers' markets in order to encourage bike riding as a practical and green form of transportation.

Through its blending(协调)of effective small business practices with a social and environmental duty, Changing Gears stays inspired to use bicycles as a vehicle for social change.

1：What can we learn about Ebony Smith?

A：She is a bike shop owner.

B：She is a professional rider.

C：She has a good know ledge of bikes.

D：She has a lot of shopping experience.

2：What helped Ebony Smith get into the career?

A：Family support

B：Personal interest.

C：Training opportunity.

D：High school education.

3：What does the underlined word "embodies" in Paragraph4 probably mean?

A：Be an example of.

B：Be the reason for.

C：Be similar to.

D：Be modeled after.

4：Which of the following is Changing Gears' duty?

A：Making bike donations.

B：Offering help to the poor people.

C：Improving bike riding techniques.

D：Drawing people's attention to bike enterprises.

参考答案：

1：C.细节理解题.根据For the next several hours she will repair bikes with professional skill and care，and guide customers through bike choices like an experienced rider，learning about their needs and preferences，and helping them to find the perfect fit可以看出，Ebony Smith她对自行车有很好的了解.故选C.

2：C.推理判断题.根据However，when a three -month job training position opened at the bike shop in 2008 ,Smith took a chance to，as she says，"turn her life around". She signed up and was quickly hired.以及上下文内容可知，Smith对自 行车事业的个人兴趣让她很快地得到机会，从事这个行业.故选C.

3：A.词义猜测题.根据上下文内容可知，her continued success at Changing Gears embodies the shop's duty to "operate a bicycle - based social enterprise that meets the needs of the underprivileged of our local area"句意为她在ChangingGears方面的持续成功体现了该商店的职责，即"经营-家以自行车为基础的社会企业，以满足当地贫困人口的需求".故选A.

4：B.细节理解题.根据operate a bicycle - based social enterprise that meets the needs of the underprivileged of our local area可知，Changing Gears项目的责任是义务为穷人提供帮助.故选B.