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专题06 备战2022高考英语阅读题型专项精讲精练之代词指代题
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（一）
In 1981, a vlume f letters written by his father, primarily t Mr. Fu, was published in China. Full f advice, encuragement, life teachings and strict paternal lve, the bk Fu Lei's Family, Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generatin f Chinese, Mr. Fu's wrds resnated(共鸣)lng after his death with the persn fr whm they were intended.
1：What des the underlined wrd "they" in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Mr. Fu's wrds.B．Yung Chinese.
C．Fu Ts'ng and his family.D．Readers f Fu Lei's Family Letters.
【解析】
代词指代题。。根据第四段中的 “Besides influencing a generatin f Chinese, Mr. Fu's wrds resnated（共鸣）lng after his death with the persn fr whm they were intended.(此外，傅聪不仅影响了一代中国人，而且在他去世后很长一段时间里，他的遗言还能对听到这些话的人产生共鸣。)”可以看出，they指代上文提到的Mr. Fu's wrds，说明除了影响了一代中国人外，傅聪先生的话在他去世后依然能够让听到这些话的人产生共鸣。由此推知，they这个词指的是 his wrds。故选A。
（二）
Scientists at the University f Oxfrd have develped new artificial intelligence(AI) sftware t recgnize and fllw up the faces f chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. The new sftware will allw researchers and wildlife cnservatinists t significantly cut back n time spent analyzing vides, accrding t the new paper published in Science Advances.
“Fr species(物种)like chimpanzees, which have cmplex scial lives and live fr many years,getting phts f their behavir taken frm shrt-term field research can nly tell us s much,” says Dan Schfield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxfrd University's Private Mdels Lab, Schl f Anthrplgy. “By taking advantage f the pwer f machine learning t unlck large vide files, it makes it pssible t measure behavir ver the lng term.”
2.What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Getting phts. B.Analyzing vides.
C.A pwerful machine. D.The new AI sftware.
【解析】
代词指代题。。根据第一段的叙述及画线词前的“By taking advantage f the pwer f machine learning t unlck large vide files...”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。故选D项。
（三）
The mdel was created with data cllected ver a 12-year perid frm 12 Swiss weather statins in cities and muntain areas. The data related t fur main surface cnditins:air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
The atmspheric data was placed int a machine learning algrithm(算法), which cmpared it t recrds f lightning strikes. Researchers say the algrithm was then able t learn the cnditins under which lightning happens.
3：What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t?
A.Lightning. B.The system being tested.
C.The atmspheric data. D.The machine learning algrithm.
【解析】
代词指代题。。 根据第五段中The atmspheric data was placed int a machine learning algrithm(算法), which cmpared it t recrds f lightning strikes.可知,大气数据被植入到机器学习算法中,随后算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击纪录进行比较。故选C项。
一、词义猜测题概念及特点
指代题主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。
任何两句话之间的逻辑关系不外乎两种情况：不是顺着意思讲下去(顺接)就是意思发生了转折(逆接)。先判断前后两句之间的顺逆接关系，再寻找正确的选项解题就容易多了。
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如：要求考生指出代词it，they，ne等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到：①返回原文，找出指代词；②“左顾右盼”，找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子；③替换该指代词，看意思是否通顺；④将找到的词、词组与四个选项相比较找出最佳答案。
二、词义猜测题的设问形式
① The wrd “ 代词 ” in refer t？
三、代词指代题解题步骤及方法
①：返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
②：向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
③：将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
④：将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
例题1：
J Usmar is a writer frCsmplitanand c-authr f theThis Bk Willseries (系列) f lifestyle bks. Here she picks her tp reads.
Matilda RaldDahl
I nce wrte a paper n the influence f fairy tales n Rald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciatin fr his strange and delightful wrlds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bssy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re als aspiratinal.
1. Wh des“I” refer t in the text?
A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn.
C. J Usmar. D.Rald Dahl.
解析：代词指代题。 我最喜爱的书 乔·乌斯马是一位作家，为《时尚》杂志供稿，同时还是“摆脱困扰”人生系列丛书的合著者之一。在此，她选出了自己最喜欢的几本书。Here she picks her tp reads. 文章以 J Usmar.的语气写的，因此答案C
例题2：Frm the cld Arctic t the African plains, every sciety seems t have sme frm f music as part f their culture. Music is s cmmn and widespread that mst peple dn't even questin it anymre. But until recently, there were researchers wh dubted it:Hw culd we knw that music was really a part f all knwn scieties?
2．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A.The fact that music is part f every culture.
B.The questin whether music is widely spread.
C.The dubt whether further research has been dne.
D.The idea that Africa and the Arctic have cl music.
解析：代词指代题。。根据画线词后的“Hw culd we knw that music was really a part f all knwn scieties?”可推知it指代音乐是每种文化的一部分这一事实。故选A项。
例题3：In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
3：What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
解析：代词指代题。。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
例题4：Several safari camps perate as the base fr this adventure, prviding unique rides twice a day t explre deep int the delta. The camps have excellent hrses, prfessinal guides and lts f supprt wrkers. They have a reputatin fr prviding a great riding experience.
4：What des the underlined wrd "They" refer t?
A.Flded waters. B. Wildlife jurneys.
C. Safari camps. D. Unique rides.
解析：代词指代题。上两句中谈到了"Several safari camps"给游客提供的服务以及它们的特点，本句又说明它们因为给游客提供美妙的骑马的经历而闻名，因此They指的是上文提到的"Several safari camps"。
（A）
t cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep. Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the its（the water catcher‘s） prductivity. Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle. Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up — and ut — the side f the hle.
1：What des the underlined phrase "it" in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hle. D. The cup.
解析：代词指代题。根据语境，尤其是第二段的第一句"T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep"可知，画线部分it指代前句中的a wrking still，即自制的太阳能蒸馏器。
（B）
If humans were truly at hme under the light f the mn and stars, we wuld g in darkness happily, the midnight wrld as visible t us as it is t the vast number f ncturnal (夜间活动的) species n this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun's light. This is a basic evlutinary fact, even thugh mst f us dn't think f urselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the nly way t explain what we've dne t the night: We've engineered it t receive us by filling it with light.
1. What des "it" (Paragraph 1) mst prbably refer t?
A. The night. B. The mn.
C. The sky. D. The planet.
解析： 代词指代题。首先根据选段中的“the midnight wrld as visible t us as it is t the vast number f ncturnal (夜间活动的) species n this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun's light. ”（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，联系上文中的"what we've dne t the night"可知，it指代的是the night，因此选A。。
（C）
The behaviur f a building's users may be at least as imprtant as its design when it cmes t energy use, accrding t new research frm the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC). The UK prmises t reduce its carbn emissins (排放) by 80 percent by 2050, part f which will be achieved by all new hmes being zer-carbn by 2016. But this reprt shws that sustainable building design n its wn — thugh extremely imprtant — is nt enugh t achieve such reductins: the behaviur f the peple using the building has t change t.
The study suggests that the ways that peple use and live in their hmes have been largely ignred by existing effrts t imprve energy efficiency (效率), which instead fcus n architectural and technlgical develpments.
1．The underlined wrd "which" in Paragraph 2 refers t "____".
A. the ways B. their hmes C. develpments D. existing effrts
参考解析：
代词指代题。研究表明，人们在家中使用的能源和生活的方式在很大程度上已被提高能源利用效率的现有努力所忽视，这些努力反而被集中于农业和技术的发展。画线词所在句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前文中的existing effrts。
（A）
Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website BkCrssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.
Members g n the site and register the bks they wn and wuld like t share. Bk Crssing prvides an identificatin number t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.
1. What des the underlined wrd "it" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The bk. B. An adventure.
C. A public place. D. The identificatin number.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据第二段中的"hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide..."可知，此处的"it"指的是"the bk"。故选A项。
（B）
We shared the belief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back — he with his Newman’s Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each ther all that regularly, but sharing that brught us tgether. We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at events.
1：What des the underlined wrd "that" in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Their belief. B. Their care fr children.
C. Their success. D. Their supprt fr each ther.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据第三段中的"We shared the belief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back"可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。
（C）
Taxis n a rainy New Yrk night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the grup gt up t leave, it was puring utside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter t find a cab. Heading back dwntwn tward her htel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn f events that had changed their Big Apple dinner int a Mississippi state reunin(团聚).
"My friend said: ‘Nw we believe yur stries,’" Welty added. "And I said:‘Nw yu knw. These are the peple that make me write them.’"
1：The underlined wrd "them" in Paragraph 6 refers t Welty's.
A. readers B. parties
C. friends D. stries
参考解析
代词指代题。画线词所在句"These are the peple that make me write them"的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材,这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是"小说"。
（D）
When Masqsd and If tekhar began t study the prblem f all the uncllected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discvered that 80% f it was natural waste. S they educated the pr peple in the city t cmpst (把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they wuld have a market fr the end prduct because lcal farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in they sil ver they years. At first, they were refused, but nce they were able t persuade them that there was mney t be made, the prject tk ff. In 2009 sales were ＄14，000.
1：The underlined wrd "them" in Paragraph 3 prbably refers t "____".
A. the lcal farmers B. Masqsd and Iftekhar
C. Draytn and his team D. the pr peple in Dhaka
参考解析
代词指代题。第三段讲的是在1995年Masqsd and Iftekhar负责教城里的穷人们把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场，但起初遭到拒绝，当他们说服这些芬人这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代the pr peple in the city。故选D。
（E）
Sme f the wrld’s mst famus musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans t celebrate the first annual Internatinal Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying (联合) vice acrss cultures.
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
1：What des the underlined wrd "that" in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Jazz becming mre accessible.
B. The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C. Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D. The jazz audience becming larger.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段"Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins"的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。
（F）
His black-and-white pictures present a wrld almst lst in time. These pictures shw peple seemingly pushed int a wrld that they were unprepared fr. These lcal citizens nw have t balance their traditinal self-supprting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle ffered by the mdern French Republic, which brings with it nt nly necessary state welfare, but als alchlism, betrayal and even suicide.
1：What des the underlined wrd "it" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. The mdern French lifestyle.
B. The self-supprting hunting.
C. The uncivilized wrld.
D. The French Republic.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据最后一段中的"These lcal citizens nw have t balance their traditinal self-supprting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle ffered by the mdern French Republic, which brings with it nt nly necessary state welfare, but als alchlism, betrayal and even suicide"可知，it指代的是上文的"the lifestyle ffered by the mdern French Republic"。所以A项正确。目录
内容
Sectin A
高考真题练手
Sectin B
解题技巧及步骤梳理
Sectin C
例题练习及讲解
Sectin D
课堂限时训练
Sectin E
课后练习巩固
（一）
In 1981, a vlume f letters written by his father, primarily t Mr. Fu, was published in China. Full f advice, encuragement, life teachings and strict paternal lve, the bk Fu Lei's Family, Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generatin f Chinese, Mr. Fu's wrds resnated(共鸣)lng after his death with the persn fr whm they were intended.
1：What des the underlined wrd "they" in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Mr. Fu's wrds.B．Yung Chinese.
C．Fu Ts'ng and his family.D．Readers f Fu Lei's Family Letters.
【解析】
代词指代题。。根据第四段中的 “Besides influencing a generatin f Chinese, Mr. Fu's wrds resnated（共鸣）lng after his death with the persn fr whm they were intended.(此外，傅聪不仅影响了一代中国人，而且在他去世后很长一段时间里，他的遗言还能对听到这些话的人产生共鸣。)”可以看出，they指代上文提到的Mr. Fu's wrds，说明除了影响了一代中国人外，傅聪先生的话在他去世后依然能够让听到这些话的人产生共鸣。由此推知，they这个词指的是 his wrds。故选A。
（二）
Scientists at the University f Oxfrd have develped new artificial intelligence(AI) sftware t recgnize and fllw up the faces f chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. The new sftware will allw researchers and wildlife cnservatinists t significantly cut back n time spent analyzing vides, accrding t the new paper published in Science Advances.
“Fr species(物种)like chimpanzees, which have cmplex scial lives and live fr many years,getting phts f their behavir taken frm shrt-term field research can nly tell us s much,” says Dan Schfield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxfrd University's Private Mdels Lab, Schl f Anthrplgy. “By taking advantage f the pwer f machine learning t unlck large vide files, it makes it pssible t measure behavir ver the lng term.”
2.What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Getting phts. B.Analyzing vides.
C.A pwerful machine. D.The new AI sftware.
【解析】
代词指代题。。根据第一段的叙述及画线词前的“By taking advantage f the pwer f machine learning t unlck large vide files...”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。故选D项。
（三）
The mdel was created with data cllected ver a 12-year perid frm 12 Swiss weather statins in cities and muntain areas. The data related t fur main surface cnditins:air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
The atmspheric data was placed int a machine learning algrithm(算法), which cmpared it t recrds f lightning strikes. Researchers say the algrithm was then able t learn the cnditins under which lightning happens.
3：What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t?
A.Lightning. B.The system being tested.
C.The atmspheric data. D.The machine learning algrithm.
【解析】
代词指代题。。 根据第五段中The atmspheric data was placed int a machine learning algrithm(算法), which cmpared it t recrds f lightning strikes.可知,大气数据被植入到机器学习算法中,随后算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击纪录进行比较。故选C项。
一、词义猜测题概念及特点
指代题主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。
任何两句话之间的逻辑关系不外乎两种情况：不是顺着意思讲下去(顺接)就是意思发生了转折(逆接)。先判断前后两句之间的顺逆接关系，再寻找正确的选项解题就容易多了。
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如：要求考生指出代词it，they，ne等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到：①返回原文，找出指代词；②“左顾右盼”，找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子；③替换该指代词，看意思是否通顺；④将找到的词、词组与四个选项相比较找出最佳答案。
二、词义猜测题的设问形式
① The wrd “ 代词 ” in refer t？
三、代词指代题解题步骤及方法
①：返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
②：向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
③：将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
④：将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
例题1：
J Usmar is a writer frCsmplitanand c-authr f theThis Bk Willseries (系列) f lifestyle bks. Here she picks her tp reads.
Matilda RaldDahl
I nce wrte a paper n the influence f fairy tales n Rald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciatin fr his strange and delightful wrlds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bssy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re als aspiratinal.
1. Wh des“I” refer t in the text?
A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn.
C. J Usmar. D.Rald Dahl.
解析：代词指代题。 我最喜爱的书 乔·乌斯马是一位作家，为《时尚》杂志供稿，同时还是“摆脱困扰”人生系列丛书的合著者之一。在此，她选出了自己最喜欢的几本书。Here she picks her tp reads. 文章以 J Usmar.的语气写的，因此答案C
例题2：Frm the cld Arctic t the African plains, every sciety seems t have sme frm f music as part f their culture. Music is s cmmn and widespread that mst peple dn't even questin it anymre. But until recently, there were researchers wh dubted it:Hw culd we knw that music was really a part f all knwn scieties?
2．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A.The fact that music is part f every culture.
B.The questin whether music is widely spread.
C.The dubt whether further research has been dne.
D.The idea that Africa and the Arctic have cl music.
解析：代词指代题。。根据画线词后的“Hw culd we knw that music was really a part f all knwn scieties?”可推知it指代音乐是每种文化的一部分这一事实。故选A项。
例题3：In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
3：What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
解析：代词指代题。。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
例题4：Several safari camps perate as the base fr this adventure, prviding unique rides twice a day t explre deep int the delta. The camps have excellent hrses, prfessinal guides and lts f supprt wrkers. They have a reputatin fr prviding a great riding experience.
4：What des the underlined wrd "They" refer t?
A.Flded waters. B. Wildlife jurneys.
C. Safari camps. D. Unique rides.
解析：代词指代题。上两句中谈到了"Several safari camps"给游客提供的服务以及它们的特点，本句又说明它们因为给游客提供美妙的骑马的经历而闻名，因此They指的是上文提到的"Several safari camps"。
（A）
t cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep. Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the its（the water catcher‘s） prductivity. Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle. Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up — and ut — the side f the hle.
1：What des the underlined phrase "it" in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hle. D. The cup.
解析：代词指代题。根据语境，尤其是第二段的第一句"T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep"可知，画线部分it指代前句中的a wrking still，即自制的太阳能蒸馏器。
（B）
If humans were truly at hme under the light f the mn and stars, we wuld g in darkness happily, the midnight wrld as visible t us as it is t the vast number f ncturnal (夜间活动的) species n this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun's light. This is a basic evlutinary fact, even thugh mst f us dn't think f urselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the nly way t explain what we've dne t the night: We've engineered it t receive us by filling it with light.
1. What des "it" (Paragraph 1) mst prbably refer t?
A. The night. B. The mn.
C. The sky. D. The planet.
解析： 代词指代题。首先根据选段中的“the midnight wrld as visible t us as it is t the vast number f ncturnal (夜间活动的) species n this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun's light. ”（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，联系上文中的"what we've dne t the night"可知，it指代的是the night，因此选A。。
（C）
The behaviur f a building's users may be at least as imprtant as its design when it cmes t energy use, accrding t new research frm the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC). The UK prmises t reduce its carbn emissins (排放) by 80 percent by 2050, part f which will be achieved by all new hmes being zer-carbn by 2016. But this reprt shws that sustainable building design n its wn — thugh extremely imprtant — is nt enugh t achieve such reductins: the behaviur f the peple using the building has t change t.
The study suggests that the ways that peple use and live in their hmes have been largely ignred by existing effrts t imprve energy efficiency (效率), which instead fcus n architectural and technlgical develpments.
1．The underlined wrd "which" in Paragraph 2 refers t "____".
A. the ways B. their hmes C. develpments D. existing effrts
参考解析：
代词指代题。研究表明，人们在家中使用的能源和生活的方式在很大程度上已被提高能源利用效率的现有努力所忽视，这些努力反而被集中于农业和技术的发展。画线词所在句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前文中的existing effrts。
（A）
Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website BkCrssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.
Members g n the site and register the bks they wn and wuld like t share. Bk Crssing prvides an identificatin number t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.
1. What des the underlined wrd "it" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The bk. B. An adventure.
C. A public place. D. The identificatin number.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据第二段中的"hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide..."可知，此处的"it"指的是"the bk"。故选A项。
（B）
We shared the belief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back — he with his Newman’s Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each ther all that regularly, but sharing that brught us tgether. We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at events.
1：What des the underlined wrd "that" in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Their belief. B. Their care fr children.
C. Their success. D. Their supprt fr each ther.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据第三段中的"We shared the belief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back"可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。
（C）
Taxis n a rainy New Yrk night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the grup gt up t leave, it was puring utside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter t find a cab. Heading back dwntwn tward her htel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn f events that had changed their Big Apple dinner int a Mississippi state reunin(团聚).
"My friend said: ‘Nw we believe yur stries,’" Welty added. "And I said:‘Nw yu knw. These are the peple that make me write them.’"
1：The underlined wrd "them" in Paragraph 6 refers t Welty's.
A. readers B. parties
C. friends D. stries
参考解析
代词指代题。画线词所在句"These are the peple that make me write them"的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材,这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是"小说"。
（D）
When Masqsd and If tekhar began t study the prblem f all the uncllected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discvered that 80% f it was natural waste. S they educated the pr peple in the city t cmpst (把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they wuld have a market fr the end prduct because lcal farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in they sil ver they years. At first, they were refused, but nce they were able t persuade them that there was mney t be made, the prject tk ff. In 2009 sales were ＄14，000.
1：The underlined wrd "them" in Paragraph 3 prbably refers t "____".
A. the lcal farmers B. Masqsd and Iftekhar
C. Draytn and his team D. the pr peple in Dhaka
参考解析
代词指代题。第三段讲的是在1995年Masqsd and Iftekhar负责教城里的穷人们把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场，但起初遭到拒绝，当他们说服这些芬人这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代the pr peple in the city。故选D。
（E）
Sme f the wrld’s mst famus musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans t celebrate the first annual Internatinal Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying (联合) vice acrss cultures.
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
1：What des the underlined wrd "that" in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Jazz becming mre accessible.
B. The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C. Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D. The jazz audience becming larger.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段"Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins"的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。
（F）
His black-and-white pictures present a wrld almst lst in time. These pictures shw peple seemingly pushed int a wrld that they were unprepared fr. These lcal citizens nw have t balance their traditinal self-supprting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle ffered by the mdern French Republic, which brings with it nt nly necessary state welfare, but als alchlism, betrayal and even suicide.
1：What des the underlined wrd "it" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. The mdern French lifestyle.
B. The self-supprting hunting.
C. The uncivilized wrld.
D. The French Republic.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据最后一段中的"These lcal citizens nw have t balance their traditinal self-supprting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle ffered by the mdern French Republic, which brings with it nt nly necessary state welfare, but als alchlism, betrayal and even suicide"可知，it指代的是上文的"the lifestyle ffered by the mdern French Republic"。所以A项正确。目录
内容
Sectin A
高考真题练手
Sectin B
解题技巧及步骤梳理
Sectin C
例题练习及讲解
Sectin D
课堂限时训练
Sectin E
课后练习巩固
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