专题15 七选五之说明文类讲义 (应试技巧+思维导图+高考真题+最新模拟)--2022年高考英语第二轮复习七选五狂练

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专题15 七选五之说明文类讲义 (应试技巧+思维导图+高考真题+最新模拟)
--2022年高考英语第二轮复习七选五狂练 解析版
【高考考情】
高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。
从近五年七选五全国卷来看，说明文为主，几乎每年必考，应引起足够重视。

【文本结构】
阅读理解“七选五”说明文，通常采用三段式文章（three⁃paragraph essay）。第一段导入将要说明的话题；第二段是文章的主体——正文，作者对某个问题分条展开说明。该部分可由一段、两段、三段或多段组成，对问题的不同方面展开论述。最后一段是对前文的总结或结论。英语中三段式文章的篇章结构如下图所示：


CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
以上四种模式中，第一种最为常见，是典型的“总-分-总”结构。
【六大方略】
方略一 | 略读文章抓大意
以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。
方略二 | 重点阅读上下句
因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。
方略三 | 看看结构变轻松
在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。
方略四 | 词语复现显神功
作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。
方略五 | 代词逻辑亦管用
我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如：
方略六 | 篇章需要基本功
有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如：

【十大技巧】
技巧一 | 从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此……以至于等。
技巧二 | 从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：however然而等。
技巧三 | 从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四 | 从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的), furthermore而且，此外等。
技巧五 | 从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：firstly第一, 首先secondly第二, thirdly第三in the first place第一，首先for one thing首先等。
技巧六 | 从词汇线索上判断——代词指代
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七 | 从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八 | 从词汇线索上判断——同畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题
技巧九 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
【思维导图】






















































【小题狂练一】高考真题示范-说明文类七选五真题
【2022年浙江1月卷】 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 31
Pick the most important.
32 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1 want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 33 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
34
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 35 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【解题导语】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
31. F。上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
32. D。根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
33. C。上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
34. B。空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
35. G。下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。

【2021年新高考II卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
16. D。根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
17. G。根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
18. B。空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
19. C。根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
20. E。根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。

【小题狂练二】各地最新七选五模拟试题之说明文专练
【银川二模】Paper bags remains an option in grocery stores and are preferred by many consumers for convenience. ___16___. The production of paper bags is, however, harmful to the environment in several ways. There are many advantages and disadvantages of the consumption and production of paper bags.
Ten billion paper bags are used every year in the United States alone.___17___. Many consumers prefer paper bags because they hold more than plastic bags and are stronger, but stores mostly prefer to give out plastic bags because they are cheaper.
Paper bags are mostly made from original tree pulp(纸浆) because recycled pulp is not as strong, so their production begins with cutting down trees. ___18___. For one thing, cutting down trees reduces the absorption of greenhouse gases, and the production of paper bags requires use of poisonous chemicals that contribute to air and water pollution. For another, the transportation of paper bags requires the consumption of fossil fuel that causes further air pollution.
___19___. The production of paper bags also creates 50 times more water pollutants than the production of plastic bags and 70 percent more air pollutants. Additionally, it requires more energy to recycle paper bags than plastic bags. However, the recycling and reusing rate for paper bags is higher. ___20___.
A. It takes 14 million trees to meet this demand.
B. Paper bag production harms the environment in two ways.
C. But experts advise using plastic bags instead of paper bags.
D. They can be reused as garbage bags and for groceries several times.
E. Paper bags and plastic bags have their own strengths and weaknesses.
F. Some people assume they are less damaging to the environment than plastic bags.
G. The production of a paper bag requires four times as much energy as a plastic bag.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. B 19. G 20. D
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。纸袋的消费和生产各有利弊。文章对此进行了介绍。
【16题详解】根据前文“Paper bags remains an option in grocery stores and are preferred by many consumers for convenience.”(纸袋仍然是杂货店的一种选择，许多消费者为了方便而喜欢纸袋。)可知，此处是讲很多人偏爱纸袋，结合后文“The production of paper bags is, however, harmful to the environment in several ways.”(然而，纸袋的生产在几个方面对环境有害。)可推知，设空处陈述的内容应和下文构成转折关系，且能承接上文。选项F“有些人认为纸袋对环境的破坏比塑料袋小。”符合语境。故选F。
【17题详解】前文“Ten billion paper bags are used every year in the United States alone.”(仅在美国，每年就有100亿个纸袋被使用。)与A项“需要1400万棵树才能满足这个需求。”承接自然，选项中的this demand是指在前文提到的“100亿个纸袋被使用”这种情况，需要1400万棵树才能满足。故选A。
【18题详解】根据后文“For one thing, cutting down trees reduces the absorption of greenhouse gases, and the production of paper bags requires use of poisonous chemicals that contribute to air and water pollution.”(首先，砍伐树木会减少温室气体的吸收，而生产纸袋需要使用有毒的化学物质，这些化学物质会造成空气和水污染。)和“For another, the transportation of paper bags requires the consumption of fossil fuel that causes further air pollution.”(另一方面，纸袋的运输需要消耗化石燃料，从而造成进一步的空气污染。)可知，此处是讲纸袋在两个方面会对环境造成伤害。所以选项B“纸袋生产对环境的危害有两方面。”切合文意。故选B。
【19题详解】根据后文“The producion of paper bags also creates 50 times more water pollutants than the production of plastic bags and 70 percent more air pollutants.”(纸袋生产产生的水污染物是塑料袋生产的50倍，空气污染物增加70%。)可知，此处是讲纸袋和塑料袋的对比，所以选项G“生产纸袋需要的能量是塑料袋的四倍。”切合文意。故选G。
【20题详解】根据前文“However, the recycling and reusing rate for paper bags is higher.”(但纸袋的回收再利用率较高。)可知，选项D“它们可以被重复用作垃圾袋和用来装食品杂货多次。”符合语境，选项是对前文的进一步解释。故选D。

【沈阳一模】Voltaire once said, “Judge a man by his questions rather than by his answer.” If you fail to get the information you need from others, it might be because you are not asking the right questions.___16___Asking right questions is the skill like any other skill, and it takes practice. Don’t ask yes or no questions. When you ask a yes or no question, you will most often get incomplete information.___17___Questions with “who”, “what”, “when”, “how” or “why” lead to people giving some thoughts to their answers and providing more information.
____18____Let’s say that you are talking to a partner and need to know details of a project. He tells you that one of the members has been very difficult to work with. A question such as “What do you mean he is difficult to work with?” will lead you to the real facts.
Use the power of silence.___19___Many times the person you are questioning has more information and will bring it out when you wait for it. People feel a need to fill the holes in the conversation and then they will bring out the key information.
Don’t interrupt the person with whom you are talking.___20___Ask your question and let the person answer it in full, even when you don’t think you are getting the answer you want. Listen fully to what he/ she is saying and use that to direct him/ her back to the topic in the next question.
A. Instead, ask an open-ended question.
B. Always consider using follow-up questions.
C. You can tell us where the questions come from.
D. It tells the person you don’t value what he/ she is saying.
E. Start getting comfortable with asking a question and waiting for a response.
F. The answer may not always be the one you want, but it doesn’t mean it’s wrong.
G. You should ask your questions in a way that you can get the best possible information.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。有时候我们没能从别人那里得到想要的信息，很可能是我们提问的方式不对。本文就如何从他人那里获取有用信息给出了几条建议。
【16题详解】根据本空前面一句话“If you fail to get the information you need from others, it might be because you are not asking the right questions.( 如果你不能从别人那里得到你需要的信息，那可能是因为你没有提出正确的问题)”可知本段指出了提问题的方式很重要，如果我们得不到想要的信息，就要考虑改变我们提问的方式。结合选项可知选项G.You should ask your questions in a way that you can get the best possible information.(你应该以一种你能得到最好信息的方式来问问题。)能起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
【17题详解】根据本空前面一句话“Don't ask yes，or no questions. When you ask a yes or no question, you will most often get in complete information. (不要问 “是”或“不是”的问题，当你的问题是“是”或“不是”时，你得到的信息通常是不完整的)”可推知“yes or no”的问题属于封闭式的提问，根据下文“Questions with “who”, “what”, “when”, “how” or “why” lead to people giving some thoughts to their answers and providing more information.( 用“谁”、“什么”、“何时”、“如何”和“为什么”这样的问题能让人们思考他们的答案，并提供更多的信息。)”可知，我们要提开放式的问题，结合选项可知选项A . Instead, ask an open-ended question. (相反，问一个开放式的问题。)衔接上下文自然。故选A。
【18题详解】空格处是句首，故空格处是一个总结性的句子。根据本段给出的例子，即本段最后一句“A question such as "What do you mean he is difficult to work with?" will lead you to the real facts.( 像 “你说他很难共事是什么意思?”这样的问题会让你知道事情的真相。)”可知本段建议我们考虑能提出后续追问的问题属于follow-up- questions，结合选项可知选B. Always consider using follow-up questions.( 一定要考虑使用后续问题。)符合题意。故选B。
【19题详解】本段的主旨是第一句“Use the power of silence (使用沉默的力量。)”，E项中的“waiting for response”(等待对方的回应。)与此相吻合。故选项E. Start getting comfortable with asking a question and waiting for a response. (开始习惯问问题，然后等待对方的回应。)衔接上文自然且与本段话题一致。故选E。
【20题详解】由本段第一句话“Don't interrupt the person with whom you are talking. (不要打断和你谈话的人。)”可知本段建议不要打断别人的回答，因为这样会让别人感觉你不重视他的回答。结合选项可知选项D. It tells the person you don’t value what he/ she is saying.(这会告诉对方你不重视他/她说的话。)符合上述分析。故选D。

【青岛一模】There are many reasons why we journal. From travel journals, dream journals, to gratitude journals, we keep specific journals for different aspects of our life. ___16___ Here are the top 4 reasons why you should be starting a journal today.
Improve your writing. Journaling helps you to train your writing. If you want to practice or improve on your writing, the best thing to do is to start a journal. You may not have the perfect topic. ___17___ The more you write, the more your writing improves.
___18___ A journal is a good place to write your goals, ambitions, inspiration and new year plans.By keeping them in a diary, you can monitor your progress and feel motivated to continue to focus on your next milestone!
Record ideas on-the-go. The benefits of keeping a journal is that you can record all of your ideas in one place anytime and at anywhere. ___19___ You can then revisit these ideas later on to look for new links, form conclusions or even get a fresh idea!
Allow yourself to self-reflect. As Ferris Bueller once said, “ Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it." Journaling is a good way to help us to stop, take a step back and reflect on ourselves. ___20___ Daily reflection can also be done at night before bed. We can look back at our life in a journal and think about how we've changed and what we can do to improve ourselves.
There are many other benefits to keep a journal. You'll discover more when you start one!
A. Mark your progress.
B. Set and achieve your goals.
C. There are many benefits of keeping a journal.
D. All you need to do is to start writing your thoughts.
E. We can self-reflect on what we did today and write it in our diary.
F. Your journal is the best place to start exploring your inner creativity.
G. Whenever an idea comes to your mind, you can write it down in your journal.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了坚持记日记的好处，包括提高写作能力、帮助设定和实现目标、记录正在当时的想法、给自己反思的空间。
【16题详解】根据上文“There are many reasons why we journal. From travel journals, dream journals, to gratitude journals, we keep specific journals for different aspects of our life.”（我们写日记有很多原因。从旅行日记、梦想日记到感恩日记，我们对生活的不同方面都有具体的记录。）根据下文“Here are the top 4 reasons why you should be starting a journal today.”（以下是你应该从今天开始写日记的4个原因。）可知，选项承接上下在说明记日记有很多的益处。故C选项“记日记有很多益处”切题。故选C项。
【17题详解】上文提到“You may not have the perfect topic.(你可能没有完美的话题）”下面提到“The more you write, the more your writing improves.(你写得越多，你的写作水平就提高得越多）”可知，选项在说明写的过程，故D选项“你要做的就是开始写你的想法。”切题。start writing your thoughts呼应the more…the more…。故选D项。
【18题详解】根据下文A journal is a good place to write your goals, ambitions, inspiration and new year plans.By keeping them in a diary, you can monitor your progress and feel motivated to continue to focus on your next milestone! “（日记是写下你的目标、抱负、灵感和新年计划的好地方。通过把它们记在日记里，你可以监控你的进展，并且感到有动力继续专注于你的下一个里程碑！)”故B项（设定并实现你的目标）符合语境。为本段的标题。故选B项。
【19题详解】根据上文The benefits of keeping a journal is that you can record all of your ideas in one place anytime and at anywhere. “（记日记的好处是你可以在任何时间任何地点记录你所有的想法。)”下文 You can then revisit these ideas later on to look for new links, form conclusions or even get a fresh idea! “然后，您可以重新审视这些想法，寻找新的链接，形成结论，甚至得到一个新的想法!。选项承上启下，说明可以随时记录自己的想法。Anytime呼应Whenever。故G选项“无论何时，只要你想到一个主意，你都可以把它写在你的日记里”切题。故G项符合语境。
【20题详解】根据标题“Allow yourself to self-reflect.”（允许自己反省）根据下文“Daily reflection can also be done at night before bed”（每日反思也可以在晚上睡觉前进行）可知，选项在说明反思的内容是什么以及记在笔记里。故E选项“我们可以反省我们今天做了什么，并把它写在我们的日记里。”切题。故选E项。

【南充二诊】It seems like some people are born with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost.____16____ You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.
Nowadays, of course, it’s convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory.____17____ Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits. The amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at Google Maps on a big screen or even studying a paper map also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together.
____18____ It’s also important to notice what’s around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re doing the journey in reverse (倒退)——even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Another tip? Taking photographs or writing notes at key locations can help you keep them in your memory.
Finally, try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. ____19____ But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever——growing mental map, both of which will help you have a better sense of direction in the long term.
Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it’s never going to get any better. ____20____
A. Don’t just look where you’re going.
B. So now it’s the time to start exploring!
C. If you’re one of the “lost” ones, have no fear.
D. Anxiety plays a role in our sense of direction, too.
E. It’s all too easy to get anxious if you suspect you may be lost.
F. Developing a good sense of direction usually takes much practice.
G. But ignore it if you really want to improve your sense of direction.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. E 20. B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍提高方向感的技巧。
【16题详解】上文“It seems like some people are born with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost.”（似乎有些人天生就有很好的方向感，而另一些人总是迷路。）及下文“You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.”（你可以提高你的方向感。你只需要努力。）说明方向感可以通过努力提高。C项“如果你是容易迷路的人之一，不要害怕。”承上启下，故选C。
【17题详解】上文“Nowadays, of course, it’s convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory.”（当然，如今，依靠GPS，而不是将长而复杂的路线记牢，是很方便的。）及下文“Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits.”（研究更大的地图并在出发之前记住路线确实有其好处。）说虽然GPS很方便，但是记住地图上的路线更有助于方向感。G项“但是，如果你真的想提高你的方向感，那就忽略它吧。”承上启下，指出为了提高方向感，需要忽略GPS。故选G。
【18题详解】下文“It’s also important to notice what’s around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well.”（注意你周围四面八方的东西也很重要。与其直视前方，不如确保你也向上、向下和向后看。）说明注意周围事物的重要性。不要一直直视前方，不要一直关注自己要去的地方。A项“不要只关注你要去哪里。”引出下文，故选A。
【19题详解】
上文“Finally, try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground.”（最后，当你在不熟悉的地方时，试着放松。）和下文“But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go.”（但这种突如其来的焦虑只会阻止你冷静地找出该走哪条路。）说明不认识路会让人焦虑，会使人不冷静，会妨碍自己对路线的判断。E项“如果你怀疑自己可能迷路了，很容易感到焦虑。”中的“anxious”与下文内容一致，引出下文，故选E。
【20题详解】上文“Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it’s never going to get any better.”（你的方向感是一种要么使用它，要么失去它的技能。如果你只坚持你已经知道的路线，它永远不会变得更好。）说明想要让方向感变得更好，不要只是走熟悉的路线，而是要探索新路线。B项“所以现在是时候开始探索了！”与上文内容一致，通过探索新路线帮助提高方向感。故选B。

【长春一模】With the majority of children not going into school at the moment, staff, parents and pupils are pulling together to make sure their education is a success. As a teacher, I'd like to give some tips to parents and pupils on remote learning.
FOR PUPILS
Get online, on time.
Make sure you do log on in good time for the beginning or live lessons, rather than joining the lesson ten minutes in.____16____
Play your part.
Contribute to the lesson. Talk, put your hand up, send messages in the chat whatever they might be. Teachers and other pupils love to see that. And don't be afraid to ask questions.
Take proper screen breaks during the day.
Enjoy your break time.____17____Get outside, read a book, phone someone. At break or lunchtime in school you wouldn't sit in a classroom and continue to work, so you shouldn't do it at home either.
FOR PARENTS
____18____
It's often surprising how technologically able a young child is now, with the world of smart phones and the Internet. So let them show you what they need to be doing in class.
Give praise.
____19____ Now online, we share a lot of praise and give out school awards. They also need to be praised at home for getting their work done. Take a look at what they have been doing.
Get involved if you can.
This might be difficult for parents doing full-time jobs, but try to work together on something. We assign students research projects some of which might be challenging to them.____20____ And it's also good for their own well-being getting away from a laptop to make a cardboard castle or whatever it might be.
A. Let the child take the lead.
B. Keep pace with technology.
C. Don't stay sitting at your computer.
D. That's a perfect opportunity for parents to help.
E. Thus you will find the rest of the class challenging.
F. Otherwise you would have missed out on some teaching
G. At school kids are getting approval for the work they are doing well.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. A 19. G 20. D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章是从老师的角度给家长和学生关于远程学习的一些建议。
【16题详解】根据空前一句“Make sure you do log on in good time for the beginning or live lessons, rather than joining the lesson ten minutes in.”可知，要确保你在合适的时间登录开始课程或直播课程，而不是十分钟后加入课程。分析选项，F项“否则你会错过一些教学内容”承接上文，符合语境,陈述了不及时登录的后果。故选F项。
【17题详解】根据空前一句“Enjoy your break time.(享受你的休息时间)”及空后一句“Get outside, read a book, phone someone.(走出去，读一本书，给一个人打电话)”可知，本段是说要适当休息，C项“不要一直坐在电脑前”符合语境。故选C项。
【18题详解】空处是段落主题句，根据本段中“It's often surprising how technologically able a young child is now(现在的孩子在科技方面的能力之强，常常令人惊讶)”及“So let them show you what they need to be doing in class.(所以让他们向你展示他们在课堂上需要做什么)”可知，本段是说要让孩子主导，A项“让孩子主导”符合语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】空后两句“Now online, we share a lot of praise and give out school awards. They also need to be praised at home for getting their work done.(现在在网上，我们分享很多赞扬，并给予学校的奖励。他们在家里完成作业也需要受到表扬。)”是说孩子在家上网课完成作业也需要表扬，根据关键词also可知，空处应是提到另一种孩子受到表扬的情况，G项“在学校里，孩子们的功课做得很好会得到认可。”符合语境。故选G项。
【20题详解】根据本段主题句“Get involved if you can.”可知，本段建议父母也参与网课，结合空前一句“We assign students research projects some of which might be challenging to them.(我们给学生布置研究项目，其中一些可能对他们具有挑战性。)”可知，学生遇到有挑战的项目时，父母可以参与其中帮忙，D项“那是父母帮忙的完美机会”符合语境。故选D项。

【成都一模】If you've been feeling a lot sleepy in your daily life, here are some tips to picking up your energy levels. But first, you should make sure if you're experiencing some serious illnesses. 36 Keep these tips in mind then.
The first recommendation is to exercise. Although it may seem difficult to work out when you're tired, it turns out that physical activity can actually give you more energy. The second thing to work on is to go to sleep early enough to get a full night's sleep, preferably so that you wake up naturally without the need for your alarm. 37 . Thus, another useful tip is to take a nap during the afternoon. Naps can restore your mind and body without taking up too much time, regaining your energy and raising working efficiency. The best length of time for a nap is about 20 minutes. Shorter, and you won't get much out of it. 38 .
39 Drinking plenty of water and fluids throughout the day is one important way to stay energized, since dehydration (脱水)leaves us in low sprits. Some experts say that eating smaller meals more often throughout the day can help maintain energy and balance blood sugar levels. Be aware also that people who are overweight are more likely to experience tiredness easily. 40 Reducing extra weight could help you gain more energy.
A. Are you bothered by it as well?
B. If you feel uncomfortable
C. As you know, it is quite a good habit
D. However, this goal is hard to achieve in practice
E. Longer, and you may find it harder to sleep at night
F. You're actually healthy but just need some extra energy
G. Other ways to increase energy involve our diet and consumption
【解析】本文是说明文。这篇文章介绍了人们在日常生活中应对疲劳的几种方式。
【36题详解】F. 段中句。据空前“But first, you should make sure if you're experiencing some serious ….(首先，你应该确定你是否患有一些严重的疾病。)”和空后“Keep these tips in mind then.(那么记住这些提示。)”可知，F项(实际上你身体健康但需要额外的能量)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。故选F项。
【37题详解】D. 考查段中句。根据空前“The second thing to work on is to go to sleep early enough to get a full night's sleep, preferably so that you wake up naturally without the need for your alarm.(第二件事要做的是早点睡觉，这样可以睡一整晚，早晨最好自然醒来而不需要闹钟。)”和空后“Thus, another useful tip is to take a nap during the afternoon.(因此，另一个有用的建议是在下午小睡一会儿。)”可知，D项(然而，这一目标在实践中很难实现)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。选项中的this goal指的是前一句中的“早晨不需要闹钟自然醒。”故选D项。
【38题详解】E. 考查段尾句。根据空前“The best length of time for a nap is about 20 minutes. Shorter, and you won't get much out of it.(再短一点，你就没什么收获了)”可知，E项(再长一点，你可能会发现晚上很难入睡)能够承接上文。选项与前一句的句式结构是相同的。故选E项。
【39题详解】G. 考查段首句。根据空后“Drinking plenty of water and fluids throughout the day is one important way to stay energized, since dehydration leaves us in low sprits.(每天多喝水等液体饮品是保持活力的一个重要途径，因为脱水会让我们情绪低落。)”可知，G项(其他增加活力的方法包括我们的饮食和饭食)能够与下文连接通顺。后文的water和meals是对选项的具体举例。故选G项。
【40题详解】A. 考查段中句。根据空前“Be aware also that people who are overweight are more likely to experience tiredness easily.(还要注意，体重超重的人更容易感到疲劳。)”可知，选择A项后整个句子意为“你也在为此（超重更易疲劳）烦恼吗？减少额外的体重可以帮助你获得更多的精力。能够承接上文。选项中的overweight与逗号后的extra weight是同义表达。故选A项。

【焦作二模】 Never Get Rid of an Old Phone without Doing These Things
When you're ready to upgrade your cellphone to a new model, there are some important steps you need to take first to make sure your privacy and personal data are protected.
____16____ In your old phone, there are many important things that you don't want to lose. It is the first step of cellphone recycling to back it up. You can either keep your old files to a memory card or store them online using the cloud.
Sign out of all accounts. ____17____ This way anyone who receives your phone would not be able to gain access to any accounts that you might have previously used. You had better keep a list of your passwords handy to prevent you forgetting them.
Change account passwords. For extra protection, change important passwords that you may have saved to your smartphone. The factory reset of the phone should remove any saved passwords along with your data, but we recommend you take this extra precaution (预防措施), ____18____
Remove SIM and memory cards. Not only will those have personal information saved on them like contacts or photos , but you may be able to reuse them in your new phone. If you don't need your SIM card anymore, you can treat it like a declined credit card in a movie. ____19____
Perform a factory reset. The reset will wipe the phone, deleting your personal data and any apps you've installed. ____20____ For Android phones, sometimes a full factory reset does not remove your email addresses, texts, and other important data. So it is important to encode your data before wiping it.
A. Back up the data on the phone.
B. Cut the card in half, for example.
C. Of course you' re not going to just throw it away.
D. It will also change the phone back to its initial state.
E. because you can't be too careful with phone recycling.
F. It helps ensure that all identifying information is removed.
G. and you could even email your data to yourself if there's not that much.
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. E 19. B 20. D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。当你准备换新手机时，你需要先采取一些重要的步骤来确保你的隐私和个人数据受到保护。
【16题详解】根据后文“It is the first step of cellphone recycling to back it up.(备份是回收手机的第一步)”可知，此处是指备份旧手机上的数据。所以选项A. Back up the data on the phone.(备份手机中的数据)切合文意。故选A。
【17题详解】根据前文“Sign out of all accounts.(注销所有账户)”可知，选项F中的it指的是注销所有账户。根据后文“This way anyone who receives your phone would not be able to gain access to any accounts that you might have previously used.(这样，任何收到你手机的人都无法进入你以前可能使用过的任何账户)”可知，这能保证所有的身份信息都被消除。所以选项F. It helps ensure that all identifying information is removed.(它有助于确保删除所有标识信息)切合文意。故选F。
【18题详解】根据前文“but we recommend you take this extra precaution(但我们建议你采取额外的预防措施)”可知，此处是指再小心谨慎都不为过，所以建议采取额外的预防措施。所以选项E. because you can't be too careful with phone recycling. (因为手机回收再小心也不为过)切合文意。故选E。
【19题详解】根据前文“If you don't need your SIM card anymore, you can treat it like a declined credit card in a movie. (如果你不再需要你的SIM卡，你可以像对待电影中被拒绝的信用卡一样对待它)”可知，此处是指销毁SIM卡。所以选项B. Cut the card in half, for example. (例如，把卡片切成两半)切合文意。故选B。
【20题详解】根据前文“The reset will wipe the phone, deleting your personal data and any apps you've installed. (重置会清除手机，删除你的个人数据和你安装的任何应用程序)”可知，此处是指这会让手机恢复出厂设置。所以选项D. It will also change the phone back to its initial state. (它还会把手机变回初始状态)切合文意。故选D。

【重庆一模】It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you. ___16___Here's what you can do:
Become self-aware. ___17___This includes biases(偏见）about your own cultural background. It can be confronting, but by doing this you'll be able to think about how these traits might impact on your approach to and understanding of differences. You could try: Think about what assumptions you make about your friends, peers, and people you work with.
Talk to someone from a different cultural background. Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better. ___18___You'll automatically find out more about their life and experiences. Just being curious and open-minded can be helpful.
Be more accepting. Sometimes, for one reason or another, it's not all that easy to understand some cultural differences. ___19___ In other words, you don't have to understand, or even agree with, someone in order to accept them.
___20___ One of the biggest difficulties to overcome in understanding cultural differences is making judgments based on one opinion. You should do some research to actually learn about people, instead of making broad-brush assessments. Stereotyping(模式化）people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities.
A. Do your own research.
B. Think beyond stereotypes.
C. Practice being sympathetic towards people.
D. Work out your own beliefs, values and personal biases.
E. Instead of asking them questions directly, treat them as friends.
F. And the best approach is to acknowledge people are different and to accept that's okay.
G. However, trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more.
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. E 19. F 20. B
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多，文章对如何理解和接受不同文化背景的人提出了建议。
【16题详解】前文“It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you.”（坚持你所知道的，而不是去结识与你不同的人，这很容易。）和选项G中的“trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more”（试着去了解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多）构成转折关系，对应选项G中的however，所以选项G（然而，试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多。）切合文意。故选G。
【17题详解】根据后文“This includes biases(偏见）about your own cultural background.”（这包括对自己文化背景的偏见。）和前文“Become self-aware.”（有自我认知）可知，此处是指对自己的文化背景、偏见等有清醒的认知，并解决它们，所以选项D（解决自己的信念、价值观和个人偏见。）切合文意。故选D。
【18题详解】根据前文“Talk to someone from a different cultural background.”（和来自不同文化背景的人交谈。）可知，此处是讲和来自不同文化背景的人交谈，所以选项E（不要直接问他们问题，把他们当成朋友。）切合文意。故选E。
【19题详解】根据前文“Be more accepting.”（更加有包容性）可知，此处是讲对于不同要有包容性，所以选项F（最好的方法是承认人们是不同的，并接受这一点。）切合文意。故选F。
【20题详解】根据后文“Stereotyping(模式化）people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities.”（对来自不同文化背景的人形成成见会影响他们的生活质量和机会。）可知，此处是指要跳出模式化来思考，所以选项B（超越刻板印象。）切合文意。故选B。

【开封一模】 How to Work Faster and Smarter
As the old saying goes “work smarter, not harder”. What does that really mean? When there are deadlines approaching, how do you stay focused and get everything done efficiently? ___16___. but it is unclear where to start and when to take a break. These ways will help you to work faster and smarter.
Don’t multi - task
There is a wrong opinion that doing many things at once is productive. Instead, it leaves you half-focused and constantly switching attention. ___17___. Set a timer, and focus on that one task until it is completed. Then, take a break and move on.
___18___
What someone else thinks is urgent can create a sense of people’s panic. If you know it is not important, do what is the most important first instead. You know best how to set your priorities and get your work done. So listen to yourself.
Celebrate the little victories
Projects take many steps until completion. ___19___. Rather than beating yourself up for what you haven’t done yet, taking time to pat yourself on the back can give you the confidence to see it through to the end. Stop saying “I’m so busy” It is complaining, and complaining only makes you and everyone around you feel worse. ___20___ This will encourage you to keep going.
A. Take breaks
B. Sometimes we know what to do
C. Urgent doesn’t necessarily mean important
D. You are on your way if you are taking action
E. You may have a sense that nothing gets complete this way
F. Instead of it, say “I have already come so much closer to my goal”
G. Break down your project into these steps, and then have a happy dance each time you complete a step.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. C 19. G 20. F
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何使工作更有效。
【16题详解】由下文“but it is unclear where to start and when to take a break.”可推断，有时候我们知道做什么，但是从哪里开始，什么时候休息是不清楚的。所以选项与下文为转折关系。故B选项“有时我们知道该怎么做”切题。故选B。
【17题详解】由上文“Instead, it leaves you half-focused and constantly switching attention.”可知，一次做多件事情让你精力不集中，不断转移注意力，因此推断E项“用这种方法，你可能会感觉什么也没有完成”符合语境。与上文为并列关系，说明一次做多件事情带来的不好结果。half-focused and constantly switching attention呼应nothing gets complete this way。故选E。
【18题详解】考查段落概括总结。由下文“What someone else thinks is urgent can create a sense of people’s panic. If you know it is not important, do what is the most important first instead. You know best how to set your priorities and get your work done. So listen to yourself.”内容可知，别人认为紧急的事情会引起人们的恐慌感。如果你知道这并不重要，那么先做最重要的事情。你最清楚如何确定你的优先事项，并完成你的工作。因此推断本段主要阐述紧急不一定意味着重要。故选C。
【19题详解】由段落标题“Celebrate the little victories”和空格上文“Projects take many steps until completion.”可知，庆祝小的胜利，计划要一步步进行直到最后，因此推断G项 “把你的项目分解成小的步骤，然后在每次完成一步的时候跳一支快乐的舞蹈 ”符合语境。Break down your project into these steps呼应take many steps。故选G。
【20题详解】由上文 “Stop saying “I’m so busy” It is complaining, and complaining only makes you and everyone around you feel worse.”和下文“This will encourage you to keep going.”可知，别再说“我太忙了”，这是抱怨，抱怨只会让你和你周围的人感觉更糟。因此推断F项“相反，说我已经离我的目标更近了”符合语境，这会鼓励你继续向前。This指代的是上文的“I have already come so much closer to my goal”。故选F。

【济南一模】In some schools, structured character education is a part of the curriculum, right alongside reading, writing, and math. 36 .
The qualities of character develop through an interaction of family, school, and community influences and the child’s individual personality, experiences, and choices. Parents have many opportunities and tools to build their children’s character. 37
Be a role model
Parents who exhibit the qualities of good character powerfully transmit their values to their children. Imagine you are honest, trustworthy, fair, compassionate, respectful, and involved in the greater good of your family and community. 38 They will also see that this behavior brings a sense of joy, satisfactions, and peace to their family.
39 .
Children also need to learn that when they violate your family’s guiding ethics, you will carry out consequences with fairness and dignity. Always take the opportunity to explain why your child’s behavior is wrong when you correct him.
Make a habit of identifying in your own mind the value you wish to teach the child based on the particular behavior. Choose a consequence that is appropriate to teach that value.
Tell stories from literature and life
Parents and teachers used stories to teach moral lessons long before books were even invented. As you tell the stories of your life and the world around you, you convey lessons in values and ethics to your children.
When you listen and respond to your children’s stories about school and peers, you can help them think through the right thing to do. 40 . These anecdotes（趣闻轶事）show your kids how your values guide all aspects of your life.
A. Provide opportunities to practice
B. Use teachable moments to build character
C. Your children will see this in your everyday actions and choices
D. Be mindful of your children listening to the stories you tell other adults
E. However, building character for kids can’t just happen in the classroom
F. But hands-on experience is needed to know the true meaning of character
G. Using them will give you the joy and satisfaction of seeing your kids grow
[解题导语]本文为说明文，讲述的是父母在塑造孩子品格上所起的作用和可以适用的方式方法。
36. E。从下文“The qualities of character develop through an interaction of family, school, and community influences and the child’s individual personality, experiences, and choices. ”可以得出。
37. G。从上一句中的“Parents have many opportunities and tools to build their children’s character. ”可以得出，使用他们会带来看到孩子成长时的愉快和满足。
38. C. 从下文“They will also see that this behavior brings a sense of joy, satisfactions, and peace to their family. ”可以得出。
39. B。这是一个段落标题题。从下文“Always take the opportunity to explain why your child’s behavior is wrong when you correct him. ”和“to teach the child based on the particular behavior”可以概括出。
40. D。从本段的小标题“Tell stories from literature and life"和“As you tell the stories of your life and the world around you”可以推出；并与下文的“These anecdotes”相呼应。

【广州一模】Critical thinking is making an effort to improve the way you think. 36 We use this process to solve problems, make arguments and evaluate claims. It’s important in just about every area of life.
Most of our thinking is not critical thinking. We don’t need to make many judgments to travel to work or cook dinner. 37 Critical thinking can save us from blindly making poor choices. So how can you improve your critical thinking skills? You need to practise. There are many ways of doing that. Here are a few:
· 38 Look at articles or books written by people on all sides of the issue. For each source, evaluate the argument: What claim is it making? What reasons does it give? Are the reasons logical?
·When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why? What is the claimant’s background and how does this motivate their opinion?
·Evaluate your own thinking. Where do you tend to not think critically? Why don’t you? How can you improve?
·Question things you assume. What claims do you accept without knowing the reasons for them? 39 Try to find out what others believe about that claim and why.
As you grow in critical thinking, you’ll become a wiser and more thoughtful person. 40
A. Stick to your claim.
B. Read about a topic people disagree on.
C. When you think of one, do some research.
D. It’s analyzing facts separately so you can make decisions.
E. And it may help you to succeed at work or school as well.
F. We’ll only use it if we make a conscious effort to ask questions about what we see.
G. But when a problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it.
36-40: DGBCE
36.D 解析：该选项对短文首句中的批判性思维进行进一步阐述，并阐述事实（这个过程）可以促使你做出决定，同时也呼应后面一句的this process.
37. G解析：根据本空句前后两句的逻辑和语境，该空要用的是转折关系的句子，选择but开头的句子, 同时前一句的we don' t need to也跟G选项中的we need to形式上构成对应。
38. B解析：该空位于段首，根据上文意思是要给出一些具体的实议，使用祈使句，用排除 法可以选出B。
39. C解析：根据前句意思“当你并不了解事实原因的时候，你要接受什么样的观点”，该空进行阐述“当你思考这些观点的时候，你要do some research （进行一些研究）”，这里的when you think of one , do some research （这里的one 指代的是某些观点）.
40. E解析：这篇文章主要阐述了批判性思维对人的好处，最后一句进行了升华点睛总结“当你在成 长过程中都伴随着批判性思考，你将会成为一个更有智慧以及能深度思考的人，同时也可以助你在工作或者学习中达成成就”。

【长沙一模】More than two million students are graduating from high school this summer, many of whom will head to university in the fall. The transition from high school to college is a major one, and successful adjustment to college has lifelong influences.
Maybe you are about to make this transition yourself or have children who are about to leave the nest. 36 If you know someone who is making this transition or know parents guiding their soon-to-be adult kids through this time, please take a moment to share this collection of research-based tips with them.
37 Even during orientation (迎新会)! Almost everyone is in the same boat as you are, hoping to make friends quickly. Your success in college depends, in part, on surrounding yourself with others who can support you and help you have fun.
Don’t be afraid to talk to your professors or teaching assistants. Successful adjustment is about reaching out for help when you need it. This means trying to find the answers on your own first, but then contacting those who can help you when you can’t. 38
Lean on your family. Family support can give you comfort when classes are hard or you are stressed about finals. 39 Strong support from family is linked to lower loneliness and depression during the first year of college and higher academic adjustment including motivation and concentration.
Be confident. Feeling anxiety about communicating with fellows, professors, and speaking up in class is associated with lower adaptation during the transition to college. 40 The more you speak up in class, the easier it becomes.
A. That is what they are there for!
B. This list is exactly what you need.
C. Joining clubs is also linked to feelings of belonging at college.
D. Be open to making new friends as soon as you set foot on campus.
E. Family members can give you advice and help you solve problems if you need help.
F. One of the best ways to increase your communication confidence is to practice!
G. Your professors and teaching assistants want to see you succeed in their classes.
这是一篇说明文。本文是为今年夏天200多万高中生毕业提出的建议。
36. B。根据上下文 Maybe you are about to make this transition yourself or have children who are about to leave the nest.可知，也许你正准备自己完成这个转变，或者你的孩子即将离开家。B 选项中的 you 和前文相符，且语意（这份清单你所需要的）承接上下文，故选B项。
37. D。空处填本段的主旨句。根据 Almost everyone is in the same boat as you are, hoping to make friends quickly. 几乎每个人都和你一样，希望能很快交到朋友。可知D选项（一踏上校园就开始结交新朋友）可以概括本段主旨。此外，本文的建议都是用祈使句开头的。故选D项。
38. A。根据本段主旨句Don’t be afraid to talk to your professors or teaching assistants.别害怕跟你的教授们和助教们聊天，再根据上文内容，可知首先你要自己找寻答案，在你不能的时候去联系能帮助你的人。A 选项That is what they are there for!中的they指代选项中your professors or teaching assistants.故选 A 项。
39. E。根据本段的第一句 Lean on your family.（依靠家人）可知，E选项中family members与主旨句中的your family相呼应，且句意（当课程很困难或你对期末考试感到压力时，家庭支持可以给你带来安慰）联系上下文，故选E项。
40. F。根据本段主旨句Be confident.自信一些，以及后文The more you speak up in class, the easier it becomes.你在课堂上说的越多，它（沟通）就会变得更容易。可知F选项中increase your communication confidence与主旨句呼应，practice和后文内容的speak up相呼应，且句意（增加你沟通自信的最好方式之一就是练习）联系上下文，故选F项。

【雅安一模】Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air. However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. ___16___
Many people say running in winter can be difficult. Two reasons are the low temperatures and bitter winds.___17___That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate and the body's dehydration (脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. ___18___
This information comes from John Brewer, who is a professor of applied sport science at St. Mary’s. For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an "environmental chamber". The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room.___19___Brewer says he and his team recorded biological measurements of the runners.
He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing. Wear gloves on your hands.___20___And especially wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin.
A. Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather.
B. We have good reasons to run in winter.
C. Wear shoes that will keep you from falling.
D. Many feel nervous when running in the cold weather.
E. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.
F. In fact, running in cold weather helps improve one’s performance.
G. The test subjects were asked to run 10,000 meters under both conditions.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. G 20. C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。寒冷的天气会阻止很多人跑步。研究人员通过研究发现在寒冷的冬天跑步要比夏天更能够提高人们的身体机能，文章对此项研究做了详细说明。
【16题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文“然而，一项新研究表明，气温下降是跑步的绝佳时机”，分析选项可知，此句与F项（在寒冷的天气中跑步有利于改善身体机能）与此空意义是一致的。因此F项符合题意，故选F。
【17题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据下文的内容“这是因为低温环境能够降低身体的压力，与温暖的环境相比，在寒冷的环境下跑步，你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低。”可知，冬天跑步比夏天容易。分析选项可知A项（然而，还有许多跑步者发现严冬时节跑步比炎夏季节更容易）符合题意，故选A。
【18题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“在寒冷的环境下跑步，你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低”可得出“寒冷的环境下，身体需要的水分相对来说比较少”。分析选项可知E项（与温暖的天气相比，寒冷的天气身体需要的水更少），故选E。
【19题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文“研究人员在房间里模拟夏天和冬天的环境。”可知，“他们要求受试者在两种环境（冬天和夏天）下跑完10,000米”，分析选项可知G项符合题意，故选G。
【20题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。通读本段可知，本段主要叙述在寒冷环境下跑步的人来说，最重要的是穿着。分析选项可知C项穿上防滑鞋子以免摔倒）与其意义一致。根据上文“对于在寒冷条件下跑步的人来说，最重要的是穿合适的衣服；戴上手套；___。”分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【泸州二诊】The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Snow, the 21st solar term of the year, begins this year on Dec 7 and ends on Dec 20. ____36____. Here are five things you should know.
Snowy winter
____37____, breaking tree branches and blocking the road. In the south, snowflakes fall and the world turns white. A proverb about the snow says, “A timely snow promises a good harvest”. As the snow covers the ground, the low winter temperature kills pests.
Appreciating plum blossoms
Plum blossoms usually flower in mid-to-late December in some southern cities of China, and sometimes bloom even earlier. The plum blossom is admired in Chinese culture for its toughness during severe winters.
Eating lamb
Lamb is a favorite food for Chinese people during Major Snow. ____38____. People in Chongqing like to have potted lamb soup or stewed lamb soup with their families and friends.
Eating porridge
Hot porridge could help warm you and nourish (滋养) your body in cold weather. In China, it’s customary to eat red bean porridge on the first day of Major Snow. ____39____, such as wheat porridge, sesame porridge, radish porridge, walnut porridge and tuckahoe porridge.
Preventing lung illness
During this period, Chinese people watch for outbreaks of lung illness, which can be prevented by properly drinking water. During Major Snow, it’s drier and colder, so people should drink more water. But you should not drink too much water at once. ____40____.
A. In addition, there are other varieties
B. People in southern China make sausages
C. The snow falls at night and melts in the day
D. Don’t drink cold water after exercise, either
E. The snow in North China may last a whole day
F. It’s excellent for protecting the body against the cold
G. During this period, the temperature drops significantly
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. A 40. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国传统节气“大雪”期间，人们应该注意的五件事情。
【36题详解】
由下文中标题“Snowy winter”以及“In the south, snowflakes fall and the world turns white.”可知，在南方，雪花飘落，世界变白，大雪这个节气是多雪的，推知气温会下降，因此，G项“During this period, the temperature drops significantly(在此期间，温度显著下降)”切题。故选G项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“…breaking tree branches and blocking the road. In the south, snowflakes fall and the world turns white.(……折断树枝，堵塞道路。在南方，雪花飘落，世界变白)”可知，雪下得很大，会折断树枝，堵塞道路，世界都变白，推知雪下得时间会很长，可能一下就是一整天。因此，E项“The snow in North China may last a whole day(中国北方的雪可能会持续一整天)” ”切题。故选E项。
【38题详解】
根据上一句“Lamb is a favorite food for Chinese people during Major Snow.(羊肉是大雪期间中国人最喜欢的食物)”以及文中第一段提到，大雪这个节气期间，气温会下降，推知，此处指人们吃羊肉御寒，因此，F项“It’s excellent for protecting the body against the cold(它非常适合保护身体抵御寒冷)”切题。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Hot porridge could help warm you and nourish your body in cold weather. (在寒冷的天气里，热粥可以帮助你温暖和滋养身体)”以及下文“such as wheat porridge, sesame porridge, radish porridge, walnut porridge and tuckahoe porridge.(如小麦粥、芝麻粥、萝卜粥、核桃粥和茯苓粥)”可知，本段阐述了在大雪这个节气通过喝粥可以温暖和滋养身体，该空后又提到了小麦粥、芝麻粥、萝卜粥、核桃粥和茯苓粥，该空可能提到其他种类的粥，以引出下文，因此，A项“In addition, there are other varieties(此外，还有其他品种)”切题，故选A项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“During Major Snow, it’s drier and colder, so people should drink more water. But you should not drink too much water at once.(大雪期间，天气干燥寒冷，所以人们应该多喝水。但是你不应该一次喝太多的水)”可知，上文阐述了大雪期间人们应该多喝水，但是不应该一次喝太多的水，接下来可能提到大雪期间喝水的其他注意事项，因此，D项“Don’t drink cold water after exercise, either(运动后也不要喝冷水)”切题。故选D项。