易错点02 冠词 -备战2022年高考英语考试易错题

专题02       冠词

易错题【01】冠词“特指”和“泛指”给很多学生带来极大的困惑

易错题【02】特殊抽象名词的使用情况

易错题【03】冠词和不定冠词用于固定搭配中的错误

            01   冠词“特指”和“泛指”给很多学生带来极大的困惑

 (2021全国乙卷)Due to ________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.             

【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是冠词“特指”和“泛指”给很多学生带来极大的困惑。

【问诊】the growing popularity 越来越受欢迎。

【答案】the

【叮嘱】

在名词或“形容词＋名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/……”等；定冠词the表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外要注意：特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物用the；在序数词、最高级、独一无二的事物名词之前用the。

1.（2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.

【答案】the → a;  had → have

【解析】考查冠词。a bowl of 意为“一碗……”，不定冠词a 在此表示泛指；had → have 考查谓语动词。根据时间状语 every morning 以及与空白处并列的谓语动词 has to 和通篇时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故将 had 改为 have。

2.(2019·浙江卷)Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.

【答案】the

【解析】句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。

            02   特殊抽象名词的使用情况

(2021全国新高考I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!

【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是没有注意到 must做为特殊抽象名词的使用情况。

【问诊】a must意为一个必要的事情

【答案】a

【叮嘱】用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。这样的物质名词有：rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词有：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。

1. He suddenly appeared on a rainy night，which was   great surprise to us.

【答案】a

【解析】 他在一个雨夜突然出现，这使我们非常吃惊。在此抽象名词具体化，用a表示一个惊喜。

2. She tried to make her children live in comfort , which is     great comfort to her.

【答案】a

【解析】在此抽象名词具体化，a great comfort一个巨大的安慰。

            03   冠词和不定冠词用于固定搭配中的错误

（2016年新课标全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，1.5分）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。

【问诊】for a while意为"一会儿"

【答案】a

【叮嘱】不定冠词用于固定搭配中。

all of a sudden 突然地；as a matter of fact 事实上；at a loss 不知所措；困惑；be on a visit 参观；拜访；be/go on a diet 节食；give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车；have a gift for 在……方面有天赋；have a good/happy time 玩得开心；have a word with 与……谈话；have/catch a cold 患感冒；in a hurry 匆忙地；in a way 从某种意义上说；keep an eye on 留意；留神；make a living 谋生；take a walk 散步；take an interest in 对……感兴趣；take/have a rest 休息一会儿

1.Four and ____ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ____ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.

【答案】a;a

【解析】 "四个半小时"可以表示为four and a half hours 或four hours and a half。break在此意为"休息"，是可数名词，这里表示泛指，其前应用不定冠词。

2.People develop ____ preference for a particular style of learning at ____ early age and these preferences affect learning.

【答案】a;an

【解析】 第一空，a preference表示"一种偏好"，用不定冠词a表泛指；第二空，at an early age是固定词组，意为"在很小的时候"。

错

题组一高考真题在线

1.（2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.

2.（2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.

3.（2020·新课标II卷·语法填空）The plum trees are   70   first to flower even as the snow is melting (融 化).                                   

4.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.

5.（2019.全国卷I）Of ______  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

6.(2019.全国卷II )When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was ______ joke.

7.（2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.

8.（2018.全国卷II）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over    past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

9. (2017.全国卷Ⅰ) As　    result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

10. (2016·全国卷I )The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _____ other is with mum-she never suspects.

1. 【答案】the → a;  had → have;

【解析】考查冠词。a bowl of 意为“一碗……”，不定冠词a 在此表示泛指；had → have 考查谓语动词。根据时间状语 every morning 以及与空白处并列的谓语动词 has to 和通篇时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故将 had 改为 have。

2.【答案】Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into ∧ pan together. 

【解析】考查冠词。Pan为可数名词，且在上文中一出现过，此处为第二次出现，特指“我”之前放油加热的“平底锅”，因此 pan前要用定冠词 the。

3.【答案】The考查冠词。

【解析】根据空白处后面的序数词 first，可知此处应填定冠词 the。

4.【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。

5.【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the.

6. 【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a.

7. the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。

8.【答案】the　

【解析】考查冠词。句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。故填the.

9. 【答案】a　

【解析】考查冠词和固定短语。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的东西来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果。故填a.

10. 【答案】the

【解析】考查固定用法。题干中表示“这样一个由人工喂养，另一个由熊猫妈妈喂养”，one …the other一个……另一个，该用法是固定用法，所以填the.

题组二名校真题在线

1．（2021·浙江省诸暨市第二高级中学高三期中）The singer has ________ unique voice, which makes me recognize him easily.

2．（2021·吉林·长春北师大附属学校高三一模）I prefer the school uniform. It’s not only nice, but it’s also ___________ better display of our school culture.

3．（2020·甘肃·永昌县第一高级中学高三期末）Nowadays computers are playing _______ important part in our daily life.

4．（2021·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高一期中）There is ________wide range of opinions on this issue.

5．（2017·浙江·诸暨市教育研究中心高一期末）It is a responsibility as well as ________ honor for a country to host the Olympic Games.

6．（2021·浙江温州·高一期中）No one in modern times knew about the Terracotta Army until ________ 1970s.

7．（2017·浙江·诸暨市教育研究中心高三期末）In ______ distance, we could see the misty cloud rising from the great Niagara Falls.

8．（2021·广东·东莞市光明中学高二月考）With ________ assistance of doctors and nurses, the patient recovered quickly.

9．（2020·全国·高二课时练习）Kind heart is __________ fountain of gladness, making everything around freshen into smiles.

10．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern architects and engineers.

答案1．a

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：这位歌手有独特的嗓音，这使得我很容易认出他。根据句意，空处需填不定冠词，表示泛指，unique是辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。

2．a

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：我更喜欢校服。它不仅很好，而且还是对我们学校文化的一种更好的展示。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少冠词修饰后面的名词display，这里的“一次更好的展示”是泛指，所以用不定冠词。better首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。

3．an

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：如今电脑在我们的日常生活中起着重要作用。play a/an + adj. + part in sth.表示在……中起着……作用。important是以元音音素开头的词，用不定冠词an。故填an。

4．a

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：在这个问题上有广泛的观点。a range of 一系列。根据句意，故填a。

5．an

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：对于一个国家而言，被选为奥运会承办国，对于一个国家而言是一种责任也是一种荣誉。句中使用连词as well as连接responsibility和honor。因为responsibility前使用了冠词a，因此honor前也需要使用冠词，因为honor发音以元音音素开头。故填an。

6．the

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：直到20世纪70年代，现代才有人知道兵马俑。年代前用定冠词the。故填the。

7．the

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：在远处，我们可以看到雾蒙蒙的云从尼亚加拉大瀑布升起。根据句意表示“在远处”可知短语为in the distance。故填the。

8．the

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：在医生和护士的协助下，病人恢复得很快。根据句中assistance of doctors and nurses可知，此处为特指医生和护士的帮助，所以用定冠词the。故填the。

9．a/the

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：善良的心是快乐的源泉，使周围的一切都焕发出微笑。“fountain”为可数名词，分析语境可知，“善良的心”是“快乐的源泉（之一）”，故“fountain”在此可表示泛指，所以用不定冠词a；又，根据其后的状语“making everything around freshen into smiles”，该语境亦可理解为特指，强调“善良的心”可以“使周围的一切都焕发出微笑”，它就是快乐的“源泉”，所以可以用定冠词the。综上，填a/the。

10．the

【详解】

考查冠词。句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房，受到最现代的建筑师和工程师的赞赏。分析句子结构可知，在形容词最高级前缺少定冠词the，故填the。

题组三名语法填空

When I walked down 1.________Third Avenue，as 2.________rule，I used to look into the windows of 3.________old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk after the closing time，I cupped my hands against 4.________windows to get 5.________small look at the treasures inside.

Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for 6.________long time，but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were 7.________most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people，too.I knew their value，and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my  grandmother and given 8.________deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well，my sister and I respected other people，regardless of their age or colour.My grandmother was loved by all 9.________people around her.She was known to be 10.________wise and kind woman，who was able to do things well even in her last years.

Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age，but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.

答案：1.the　2.a　3.an　4.the　5.a　6.a　7.the　8.a 9．the　10.a