2022届新高考英语一轮复习 备考方向特训 语法知识专题四 冠词和名词

第二部分 语法知识贯通

专题四　冠词和名词

备考方向导航

1.[2021浙江1月,58]It is calculated by dividing a 　　　　(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 

2.[2020全国Ⅱ,70]The plum trees are 　　　　first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).  

3.[2020全国Ⅰ,64]The far side of the moon is of particular 　　　　(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)... 

4.[2020全国Ⅱ,61]Chinese New Year is a 　　　　(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.  

5.[2020北京,7]Now, lots of 　　　　(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.  

6.[2020浙江1月,63]A child born in the US today has 　　　　very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. 

7.[2019全国Ⅰ,66]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 　　　　(believe) that populations are increasing. 

8.[2019浙江,57]Everybody wears 　　　　same style of clothes. 

9.[2018浙江11月,64]One study showed that　　　　 (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects. 

10.[2017浙江11月,56]Like many things in life, it’s 　　　　ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement... 

11.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ),65]As 　　　　　result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 

语法特训

一、单句填空

1.Poyang Lake, which is China’s largest freshwater lake,is　　　　 winter shelter for over a million migratory birds every year. 

2.Although it has been hidden here for a long time, the site is visited by tourists from every corner of　　　　 globe now.  

3.Those passageways, with a total 　　　　(long) of 59 kilometers, enable antelopes(羚羊)and other animals to cross the railway freely. 

4.Last month,　　　　(research) from Boston University published 　　　　article, which analyzed photo editing apps’ bad impacts on people’s self-esteem and the potential to cause appearance anxieties.  

5.They found people who took part in a community singing group improved their mental health and that the combination of singing and socializing was an important part of　　　　 (recover). 

6.Later, when people had 　　　　ability to use their imagination to express ideas, wood carving became a kind of art.  

7.Nothing seems impossible with their hands as they work their magic to bring these things into 　　　　(exist). 

8.As is known to all, the Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist 　　　　(attract)in China. 

9.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative　　　　(explain) are hard to find. 

10.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their　　　　(strong) and weaknesses. 

二、"语法—写作"迁移练

　　完成或翻译句子,注意冠词和名词的正确运用。

1.[2020全国Ⅱ]一个农民告诉我们怎么摘橘子。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.

2.[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]　　　　　　　　　　　　(同时), their mother went out to buy　　　　　　　　　　　(他们需要的纸袋子).  

3.[2020浙江]What’s more, 　　　　　　　　　　　　(随着……的来临)Gaokao, we are 　　　　　　　　　　　　(在做充足的准备)for it.  

4.[2020天津]All kinds of activities were involved, such as sports meetings, 　　　　　　　　　　　(科学竞赛) and 　　　　　　　　　　　　(演讲比赛).  

5.[2020天津]　　　　　　　　　　　　　(多亏所有同学的努力和老师们的帮忙), we lived the life to the fullest, without regrets left.  

答  案

专题四　冠词和名词

备考方向导航

1.person’s　该空后接名词(weight),再由语境"它的计算方法是用一个人的体重千克数除以其身高米数的平方[即体重(千克)/身高(米)的平方]"可知,此处填person的所有格形式,故填person’s。

2.the　序数词前加定冠词the,表示"第几个"。

3.interest　句中含有"be+of+名词"结构,be of particular interest=be particularly interesting,故填名词interest。

【知识拓展】　英语中的"be+of+名词"结构相当于"be+形容词",描述主语的特征或性质。常用于这个结构的名词有benefit, importance, interest, help, use, significance, value等。

4.celebration　不定冠词a 后面接可数名词单数,所以填celebration。

5.countries　句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用。lots of在此修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。

6.a　根据下文的chance可知,这里表示"非常实际的一个可能性",故填不定冠词a,表示泛指。

7.belief　句意:近年来,努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说,他们在人类的定居地周围越来越频繁地看到熊,这让人们相信熊的数量正在增加。根据空前的不定冠词和空后的同位语从句可知,空处应填名词单数形式。注意:与其类似的变形还有relieve→relief。

8.the　根据语境和same可知,此处用the表示特指,the same style of clothes表示"同样款式的衣服"。

9.women　结合"they were pregnant"以及that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词were可知,该宾语从句的主语为复数,故填women。

10.an　此处表示"它是一个持续的过程",表示泛指,应用不定冠词;又因为ongoing的发音以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。

11.a　as a result为固定搭配,意为"结果"。

语法特训

一、单句填空

1.a　句意:鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖,每年为100多万只候鸟提供一个冬季的庇护处。空后的shelter意为"庇护处,避难处",是可数名词,且此处表泛指,故应用不定冠词,又winter的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。

2.the　在世界上独一无二的事物名词前应用定冠词the,此处the globe意为"地球"。

3.length　句意:那些通道,全长59千米,使羚羊和其他动物能够自由穿过铁路。由a和空格后的of可知,空格处应用名词;此处表示长度,应该填long的名词形式length。

4.researchers; an　published是谓语动词,第一空为主语中心词,其后介词短语作定语;结合语境可知,空处表示"研究者",应用可数名词researcher;如果是单数,前面应该有冠词,由此可知此处应该用复数形式,故填researchers。 第二空,其后为可数名词单数article,结合语境可知此处不表示特指,且article的发音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。

5.recovery　句意:他们发现参与社区歌唱小组的人的心理健康得到了改善,以及唱歌和社交的结合是康复的一个重要部分。结合句意可知,空处表示"恢复",空前是介词,空处应用名词recovery。

6.the　根据空后的"to use their imagination to express ideas"可知,此处表示特指,应用定冠词the。

7.existence 　结合句意及空前的介词可知,此处填名词。bring sth. into existence表示"使某物存在"。

8.attractions　由语境可知,此处填名词。tourist attraction意为"旅游胜地",attraction是可数名词,one of后加可数名词复数形式,故填attractions。

9.explanations　句意: 恐龙灭绝未必是由天文事件造成的,但是很难找到其他的解释。设空处作句子的主语,要用所给词的名词形式。根据谓语动词are可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填explanations。

10.strengths　句意:为了使队员表现得更好,教练首先得了解他们的优缺点。and连接两个并列成分, 再由their及名词复数weaknesses可知,设空处也应用名词。strong的名词形式为strength,在此处表示"优点",为可数名词,故填strengths。

二、"语法—写作"迁移练

1.A farmer told us how to pick oranges.

2.At the same time; the paper bags that they needed

3.with the approaching of; making full preparations

4.science competitions; speech contests

5.Thanks to all the classmates’ efforts and teachers’ help