2022届高考英语阅读理解专项训练（四）

这是一份2022届高考英语阅读理解专项训练（四），共6页。
2022届高考英语阅读理解专项训练（四）A阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案.Instead of heading home or dining at a restaurant to celebrate the end of the work week, electrical engineer Chu Qing was ready to begin his “second job” as a citizen scientist (公民科学家).Armed with telemeters (遥测仪), Chu and his friends locate (确定......的准确地点) frogs in Shanghai’s Century Park every weekend.This citizen science project, which lasts until Sept 30, is one of many that the Shanghai Natural History Museum started in August. The museum invited volunteers to look for frogs around the city and record how these creatures move. With only six species (种类) of the animal left in Shanghai, urban (城市的) planners can use this information to protect the frogs by providing enough space when designing new parks in the city.The concept (概念) of citizen science, in which members of the public help experts gather data for scientific research, dates back to at least 1900 in the US, and it has recently grown in popularity in China.“Previously (在之前), field work, such as wildlife monitoring, was performed only by experts in universities or institutions (机构). But, with limited human resources, only a few places in the city could be monitored,” Yuan Xiao, deputy head of the Shanghai Wildlife Protection and Management Administration, told China Daily. “The data gathered by citizens covers the whole city, and this provides valuable information for us.”One typical example, according to Yuan, is a project of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden. It once took five years to finish a citywide investigation of plants. But if they had received help from the public, it could have been shortened to one year.To help scientists further study the biodiversity  and encourage the public to embrace (拥抱) nature, the Shanghai Natural History Museum released an app called Find Nature (《听见万物》) on Aug 15. Users can upload photos and sounds of insects, birds and other wild animals.“There are also societies for insects and frogs, and I am glad the museum has created this new platform to gather people around nature,” Wang Tianhou, a professor of ecology (生态学) at East China Normal University, told China Daily. “It lets people know that everyone can be a scientist and contribute to important research.”Indeed, there is no fast or slow － there is only your own terms, and your own pace.What do we know about the citizen science project in Shanghai?It was started by a Shanghai citizen in August.It aims to study different types of wildlife in Shanghai.It calls on the public to gather data for scientific research.It collects opinions of Shanghai citizens on designing parks.What is the main difference between field work and citizen science?Who does the research.When the research is done.The purpose of the research.The place where the research is done.Why is the Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden project mentioned?To show the importance of scientific research.To tell people the advantages of citizen science.To encourage people to enjoy the beauty of nature.To explain why the app Find Nature was developed.What did Wang Tianhou think of the app Find Nature?It’s helpful.It’s hard to use.It’s not practical.It’s for specific users.B阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案Maybe you are familiar with scenes in movies where a pilot has encountered (遭遇) an issue mid-flight and you hear him shout “Mayday, mayday, mayday”.But what does “mayday” mean? “Mayday” is an internationally recognized distress call (求救信号), mostly used by pilots and boat captains. The signal can be sent out on any channel by radio communication.  This emergency call originated in the 1920s. At that time, the standard distress call was “SOS” and was typically used by navy captains. The message was sent in Morse code by telegraph. In Morse code, “SOS” is three dots (点), three dashes (线) and three dots. The signal was unmistakable. However, aircraft pilots use radio calls, so sending out “SOS” could be misheard as other letters, such as “F”.Frederick Stanley Mockford, a radio officer at Croydon Airport in London, was asked to think of a word that would indicate distress. Because of the amount of flights that flew between Croydon and Paris, he chose mayday, as it sounds similar to the French word “m’aider”, which means “help me”.Facing a threatening situation, pilots are required to repeat the signal three times in case of radio interference (干扰) or loud background noise. If the pilots don’t get a reply within two minutes, they should repeat it. Once they receive a reply, more information, including the code of the flight, their current situation and the number of people onboard should be reported. Sometimes pilots are directed to a nearby airport or location where they can make an emergency landing. While mayday signals indicate a life-threatening situation, they do not always end in fatalities (死亡).Despite dangers, air travel is still the safest means of transport.Making a successful emergency landing① On Jan 15, 2009, US Airways flight 1549 was scheduled to fly from New York City to North Carolina. However, shortly after takeoff, the plane collided with a flock of geese, causing both engines to shut down. Luckily, the pilots were able to make an emergency landing in the Hudson River in New York. If a bird is sucked into the engine of a plane, it can cause the engine to lose thrust (推力).  ② Liu Chuanjian, a Chinese pilot on Sichuan Airlines 3U8633, made an emergency landing in southwest China after the cockpit (驾驶舱) window broke. If a plane’s cockpit window breaks while the aircraft is at high altitude, there would be rapid decompression (减压) – a reduction in air pressure. This would decrease the level of oxygen and could cause those on board to pass out.What does the article tell us about “mayday”?It is a signal mainly used in European countries.It is only used by pilots and boat captains.It was invented by a radio officer in the 1920s.It was sent by telegraph in the beginning.How is “SOS” written in Morse code?- - - . . . - - -- - - - - - . . .. . . . . . - - -. . . - - - . . .“Mayday” was chosen as a distress call because _____?“SOS” was easily misheard by navy captains.it sounds similar to “m’aider”, the French word for “help me”.its pronunciation is similar to “distress” in French.it had something to do with the flights at Croydon Airport.What does the second-to-last paragraph mainly talk about?When to use mayday signals.What makes mayday signals useful.How mayday signals were recognized.How to use mayday signals to call for help.C阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案I was often told by my mother and grandmother and my aunts – women who were world class worriers – that worrying is not only a sin (罪恶), but a big waste of time.Always hope for the best, they said, but make sure you’re prepared for the worst.I started worrying when I was four, the day my brother Joe was born prematurely (早产) and hairless, like a fist with eyes. He spent weeks in an incubator (恒温箱), after which we were told he had cerebral palsy (脑瘫), might never walk and was totally blind.For Joe, things often seemed to go from bad to worse. Going to school meant leaving home as a little boy to live in a dorm. Finding a job and a sense of independence would prove nearly impossible.He lives alone now in public housing. But for every heartache and disappointment, Joe has said thanks. He has taught me by example that gratitude builds hope. If we are mindful of all the ways that we’ve been blessed (祝福), it’s easier to believe we’ll be blessed again.When I called Joe yesterday, I said, “Hey, darling, how [are] you doing?”“Well, I’ll just tell you. My legs are burning and hurting bad.”Hours later, when he couldn’t stand the pain, Joe called 911.My sister phoned me this morning with a full report. Joe was in the hospital getting IV antibiotics (抗生素) for infections in both legs. He’ll probably be there for a few days. I called him right away. Joe said this: “Don’t worry about me, sister. I’m just thankful for all these good people – the EMTs (急救人员), doctors and nurses – to take such good care of me.”Now, more than ever, we need to see clearly like my brother – not with our eyes, but with our hearts. Gratitude is a light that shines in the soul, turning worry into hope, fear into joy, weakness into strength and worriers into warriors (战士).What do we know about Joe?He has been in poor health since he was born.He was not liked by his family when he was born.He has spent lots of time worrying about himself.He lives with the author and is taken good care of.What was Joe like when he was in the hospital for treatment?He was confident about his treatment.He complained a lot about the pain.He was always full of gratitude.He felt hopeless about his future.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article?To stress the importance of being healthy.To show that everyone has his or her value.To tell people something about public housing.To encourage people with his brother’s story.D阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。When Ariella Pacheco was a little girl, her parents let her choose an American Girl doll. She picked the one with the hair color and style that matched her own. “She looked like me, and I felt there was a piece of me in her,” said Pacheco, now 17. “You see yourself in a doll, and it’s really special to have that connection.”But what about children with rare medical conditions who don’t look like anyone else? Pacheco wanted to give these children the same gift she got as a child. So, over the past several months, she has designed and sewn (缝) cloth dolls for four local kids who have facial differences such as birthmarks or surgical scars (手术伤疤) .“I really value the beauty in the little things,” Pacheco said. “Each of these kids is special. I hope through these dolls they can see themselves in a new light and really embrace (接纳) their beauty.”Pacheco, a senior at Cathedral Catholic High School in California, US, got the idea for the doll project after remembering a magazine story about “A Doll Like Me” project, which makes custom look-alike dolls for children with disabilities. So Pacheco reached out to Fresh Start Surgical Gifts, a charitable organization that provides free cosmetic (美容的) surgeries and other medical treatment for children. She asked if she could create similar dolls for some of its clients (顾客). Then Pacheco got four doll recipients (接受者).For this project, Pacheco found out the recipients’ favorite sports or hobbies and their favorite colors. She watched doll-making tutorials (教程), then designed her own patterns (图案) and figured out how to recreate the children’s differences through a long process of trial and error. It was important to her that the children could recognize themselves in the dolls, but that their differences would not be the most noticeable feature (特征).Zulema Gillett, one of the doll recipients, loves the idea of special dolls for special children. “Who doesn’t want a doll that looks like them and that they could relate to?” Gillett said.Michelle Pius, chief development officer for Fresh Start Surgical Gifts, said she was “blown away (留下深刻印象)” when she got her first look at the dolls Pacheco created. “It was a very kind and big-hearted (慷慨的) gesture to make dolls that will help a child feel like they’re not alone,” Pius said of the dolls.Why did Airella Pacheco make dolls for special children?To offer parents more gift choices.To make herself popular among them.To encourage them to accept their beauty.To help advertise American Girl dolls.What does the article tell us about Ariella Pacheco?She is a girl with disabilities.She wants to be a businesswoman.She was inspired by the “A Doll Like Me” project.She asked for free medical treatment for special children.How was Zulema Gillett probably feeling when getting the doll?Proud.Happy.Embarrassed.Upset.What does Ms Zhu’s example tell us?Pius praised Pacheco’s effort.Pius wanted to work with Pacheco.Pius asked Pacheco to make more dolls.Pius advised Pacheco to be more creative.                       2022届高考英语阅读理解专项训练（四） 参考答案A1~4：CABAB5~8：CDBDC9~11：ACDD12~15：CCBA