第6讲 名词性从句 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练

这是一份第6讲 名词性从句 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练，共16页。

第六讲 名词性从句
主语从句
教材原句语法体现
写出that/what/whether所引导的从句在主句中充当的成分及引导词的功能。
1．What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当表语)
2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
(whether引导主语从句，在从句中不充当成分)
3．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语)
4．What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当宾语)
5．It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
(that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当成分)
6．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
(第一个whether引导主语从句；第二个whether引导宾语从句)

一、 基础扫盲
(一)定义
在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，即为主语从句。
(二)引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能
1．连接词that和whether/if。
that引导从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略；whether/if引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。
①That she was chosen made us very happy.(that引导主语从句，不充当成分)我们很高兴她被选中。
②Whether she will come or not is still a question.(whether引导主语从句，从句需要“是否”之意)
她来不来仍是个问题。
[点津]　(1)whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。
(2)if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。
2．连接代词who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等。
连接代词引导从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
①What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语)
最令我吃惊的是那个小女孩拉小提琴拉得那么好。
②Who will go to the concert is not known.(who引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)
不知道谁会去听音乐会。
③Which book they will choose is still unknown.(which引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语)
不知道他们会选哪本书。
④Whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.(whoever引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)
不论谁违反了交通规则都要受到惩罚。
3．连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however等。
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
①When we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.(when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语)
我们还没决定何时举行运动会。
②How they will reach the top of the high mountain is still under discussion.(how引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)他们仍在讨论如何到达那座高山的山顶。
③Why we haven't met each other for a long time is that she has gone to work abroad.(why引导主语从句，并在从句中作原因状语)
我们有很长时间没有见面的原因是她已去国外工作。
二、难点突破
1．It is＋名词词组＋主语从句。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
(it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句)
她犯了这样的错真是遗憾。
2．It is＋形容词＋主语从句。
It is strange that he should know nothing about it.(it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句)
他对这件事情一点也不了解真是奇怪。
[点津]　在It＋be＋adj.＋从句这一结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange/essential等时，主语从句中的谓语用“(should＋)do”。
3．It is＋过去分词＋主语从句。
It is reported that President Xi will visit some African countries soon.(it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句)据报道习主席将很快访问非洲的几个国家。
[点津]　在“It is＋过去分词＋主语从句”中，过去分词若为advised/ordered/asked等时，从句谓语用“(should＋)do”。
It is ordered that they should hand in their designs at once.(it为形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，且从句中谓语用should＋do，且should可以省略)
命令他们马上交上他们的设计方案。
4．It seems(appears/occurs to sb./doesn't matter/makes no difference...)＋主语从句。
①It occurs to me what I should do next.
我突然想起来我下一步要做什么了。
②It seems (that) he was late for the train.
看来他来(或去)晚了，没赶上火车。
5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句。
It surprised us that we were given a chance to study abroad.让我们吃惊的是我们得到了去国外学习的机会。
宾语从句和表语从句
教材原句语法体现
指出黑体单词引导何种从句，以及在句中作的成分。
1．It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.(宾语从句；作宾语)
2．May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are？(宾语从句；作表语)
3．I can't say that I have any plans.(宾语从句；不作成分)
4．I didn't know whether I could survive until morning.(宾语从句；不作成分)
5．The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.(表语从句；不作成分)
6．I'm afraid that I don't quite follow you, sir.(宾语从句；不作成分)
7．That's why we've given you the letter.(表语从句；作原因状语)
8．Why don't you explain how this happened？(宾语从句；作状语)
一、基础扫盲
(一)名词性从句
1．定义：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句称之为名词性从句。名词性从句在句中的功能相当于名词。它包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。
2．名词性从句的关联词及其在句中的功能：
分类
关联词
意　义
功　能
连接词
that
无意义
不充当成分
whether/if
是否
不充当成分
关系
代词,
who(ever)
(无论)谁
主语、宾语、表语
whose
谁的
定语
what(ever)
(无论)什么
主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever)
(无论)哪一个
主语、宾语、定语
关系副词
when(ever)
(无论)何时
时间状语
where(ver)
(无论)哪里
地点状语
why
为什么
原因状语
how(ever)
(无论)如何/怎么
方式状语
(二)宾语从句
1．定义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句，其作用相当于一个名词。它可以作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词等的宾语。
I don't know where they have gone to spend their holidays.
我不知道他们去哪里度假了。
2．由连接词that引导的宾语从句。
that在从句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
We have decided(that)we would go there by bus.
我们已决定乘公共汽车去那里。
3．whether/if引导的宾语从句。
whether/if在从句中不充当成分，但是有“是否”之意，从句要用陈述语序。
I don't know whether/if he is ill.
我不知道他是否病了。
[点津]　whether/if引导的宾语从句在作ask，care，find out，know，wonder等动词的宾语时，带有疑问意义。此时whether与if可互换。
4．关系代词及关系副词引导的宾语从句。
关系代词及关系副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，关系词都在从句中担当一定的成分。
①I don't know what I should do next.(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
我不知道下一步做什么。
②I wonder who will play in the basketball match.(who引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语)
我不知道这场篮球赛谁会上场。
③Ask him which he wants，the big one or the small one.(which引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
问问他想要哪一个，大的还是小的。
④You can choose whatever you like.(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
你可以选择任何你喜欢的。
⑤I don't know where we should start.(where引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语)
我不知道我们应该从什么地方开始。
⑥It is easy to understand why he was angry.(why引导宾语从句，并在从句中作原因状语)
很容易理解他发怒的原因。
⑦I don't know how it happened.(how引导宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)
我不知道这事怎么发生的。
[点津]　wh­ever与no matter wh­易错点拨
(1)whatever/whoever/whichever等既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。
(2)no matter what/no matter who/no matter which等只用于引导让步状语从句。
(3)两种形式在引导让步状语从句时可互换。
Whatever you want to do(＝No matter what you want to do)，your parents will always support you.(whatever引导让步状语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
不管你想做什么，你的父母将永远支持你。
(三)表语从句
1．定义：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，其作用相当于一个名词。表语从句放在系动词之后，即主语＋系动词＋表语。
①This is where I don't agree with you.(where引导表语从句，where在从句中作地点状语)
这就是我不同意你的地方。
②That is why he was late for class again.(why引导表语从句，why在从句中作原因状语)
那就是他又一次上课迟到的原因。
③My question is where we will travel and how we will get there.(where引导表语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；how引导表语从句，how在从句中作方式状语)
我的问题是我们将去哪里旅行并且我们将如何到达那里。
2．连接词that引导表语从句，不充当成分，无意义，但是不能省略。
My advice is that we should get there by train.(that引导表语从句，不充当成分，无意义)
我建议我们乘火车到那儿。
3．whether引导表语从句，不充当成分，意为“是否”。此时一般不能与if互换。
The question is whether you can do the work well.(whether引导表语从句)问题是你能否做好这项工作。
二、难点突破
(一)宾语从句
1．that引导宾语从句时需要注意的问题。
(1)从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。
They told us(that)there would be a meeting that afternoon and that we all should attend the meeting.(第一个that可省，但第二个that不可省)
他们告诉我们那天下午会有一个会议，并且我们都应该参加这个会议。
(2)在demand，order，suggest，insist，propose，advise，desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”，表示虚拟。
The policeman demanded that the gate should be shut.
警察命令把大门关上。
[巧学助记]　口诀巧记后面常用虚拟形式的动词
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest，propose，advise
四要求：desire，demand，require，request
(3)动词＋it＋形容词或惯用搭配＋that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。
I think it a pity that you could not come.(it为形式宾语，that引导的从句为真正的宾语)
你不能来，我深深惋惜。
(4)动词doubt用于否定结构或疑问结构时，接that从句作宾语。
We don't doubt that he can do a good job of it.(doubt用于否定句)
我们不怀疑(相信)他能把这件事做得很好。
(5)主句为第一人称，主句谓语为think，believe，imagine, suppose和expect等动词，其引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
I didn't think that he understood your question.(形式上否定主句谓语think，实际是否定宾语从句中的谓语understood)我想他没有弄懂你的问题。
2．whether引导宾语从句时需要注意的问题。
(1)作介词宾语时，只能用whether引导宾语从句。
I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home.(作介词的宾语)我是否回家，还没有定。
(2)whether与or或or not连用时，不可用if替换。
She doesn't know whether she should get married now or wait.(whether...or...)
她不知道是现在就结婚还是等等再说。
(3)动词doubt用于肯定句式，其宾语从句用whether引导。
I doubt very much whether he is coming.(doubt用于肯定句)我很怀疑他是否要来。
(二)特殊的表语从句
1．as，as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词seem，appear, look，taste，sound，feel等之后。
It looks as if a storm would come soon.(as if引导表语从句)暴风雨好像快要来啦。
2．句子主语为the reason时，表语从句通常用that引导，即构成句型：The reason why...is that...；The reason for...is that...意为“……的原因是……”。
The reason why he asked for two days' leave is that he had to take care of his sick son.
他请了两天假的原因是他要照顾他生病的儿子。
3．because可引导表语从句，常用于结构：This/That is because...意为“这/那是因为……”。
That's because I was too busy then.(强调原因)
那是因为那时我太忙。
　　　　

That's because...
意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
That's why...
意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That's why we didn't attend that meeting.(强调结果)
那就是我们为什么没有参加会议的原因。
4．主语为advice，suggestion，proposal，demand，desire, requirement，request，order，command等表示建议、要求、命令等意义的名词时，表语从句的谓语要用“should＋do”，其中should可省，表示虚拟。
His request is that they should stay here for the night.
他请求他们应该在这儿逗留一晚。
[点津]　(1)从句语序要用陈述语序。
(2)主句与从句的时态要保持一致(若为客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态)。
They wanted to know where they could find this kind of plants.
他们想知道到哪里能够找到这种植物。
Last night，Dad tried his best to explain to his little child how the earth moves around in space.(从句表达的为客观事实)
昨晚，爸爸尽力向他的小孩解释地球在太空中是如何运转的。

同位语从句
教材原文语法体现
观察并研究下列句子，写出引导词引导何种从句。
1．The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.(同位语从句)
2．Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5，500 kilometres from coast to coast.(同位语从句)
3．The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.(同位语从句)
一、基础扫盲
(一)定义
在复合句中，跟在一个名词后对其做进一步解释说明的从句叫作同位语从句。
(二)可接同位语从句的名词
同位语从句说明的名词大多是抽象名词，同位语从句的作用便是对这种包含抽象意义的名词进行解释说明。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有：news，fact，idea，hope，thought，order，belief，doubt，message，promise，question，reply，suggestion，advice等。
(三)同位语从句的引导词及其功能
引导词
功　能
连接词that/whether
引导从句，但在从句中不作成分，不能省略。that无意义；whether有“是否”之意
连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose
引导从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语
连接副词when，where，how，why
引导从句，在从句中充当状语
①The vain man always has the idea that he should control everything.
这个自负的人总是认为他应该控制一切。(that引导同位语从句，从句意义完整)
②I still have no idea why they left the party without a word last night.
我仍然不知道昨晚他们为什么没说一句话就离开了宴会。
[点津]　同位语从句的位置：同位语从句一般跟在所说明或解释的名词后面。但有时也可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
③The news came finally that the national team had won the game.国家队赢得比赛的消息终于传来了。(that引导同位语从句，修饰the news，被谓语动词came隔开)
④There's a feeling in me that we'll never know what a UFO is.我有一种感觉，我们永远都无法知道UFO是什么。(that引导同位语从句，修饰a feeling，被in me隔开)
二、难点突破
(一)学习同位语从句应注意的问题
1．表达“是否”的概念时，一般用whether不用if引导同位语从句。
She was in doubt whether she was right.
她对她是否正确拿不准。
2．当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句。
Word came that the novel hit the whole country instantly.
有消息传来，这本小说瞬间轰动全国。
3．在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式，即(should＋)动词原形。常见的这类名词有insistence(坚持)，order(命令)，demand(要求)，advice(建议)，proposal(建议)，request(请求)。
She made a request that we should help her.
她恳求我们帮她的忙。
(二)定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句中的that和同位语从句中的that的区别：
定语从句中的that
关系代词，三大作用：
①连接主句与从句
②指代先行词
③在从句中作成分(主语、宾语或表语)
同位语从句中的that
连接词，不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用
①They heard the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming.
昨天他们从收音机里听到台风要来的消息。(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用)
②She bought the book that she had been dreaming of.
她把她一直梦想的那本书买回来了。(that引导的是定语从句，that连接主从句；指代先行词the book；在从句中作宾语)
2．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是对先行词进行修饰或限定，不可去掉先行词；而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行进一步解释说明，去掉先行词句子仍然正确。
①The information that they got yesterday has no use.
他们昨天得到的信息没什么用处。(黑体部分为定语从句，去掉先行词the information后剩下的句子不正确)
②We have received the information that they may have left the country.
我们已经得到消息，他们可能已经离开了这个国家。(黑体部分为同位语从句，如果去掉the information，剩下的仍然是个正确的句子。)
3．同位语从句对应的名词一般为抽象名词；而定语从句的先行词没有这方面的限制。
①The decision when they will leave for Beijing hasn't been made.
他们还没有做出决定将何时动身去北京。(when引导同位语从句，decision是抽象名词)
②They will always remember the days when they lived in that mountain village.
他们会永远记住他们生活在那个山村的日子。(when引导定语从句，the days是具体名词)

真题感悟
一、单句语法填空
1．(2020·江苏高考)It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
答案：whether　句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。根据下文it's just a matter of time可知，此处指“我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。
2．(2020·天津高考)The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.
答案：what　句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。to make作目的状语，设空处引导的宾语从句作make的宾语，且设空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示“……所说的话”，故用what引导该从句。
3．(2020·浙江高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案：what　句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对野外采集或打猎的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。宾语从句缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But in this experiment ________ they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
答案：what　句意：但是在这个实验中，他们所做的是更关注大的数字而不是小的数字。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，意为“……的事物”，故用what引导。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter ________ my motivation lies?
答案：where　句意：然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，而我也得到了一些奖励，那么我的动机在哪里真的重要吗？matter后是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)________ you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
答案：What　设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，指“……的事物”，故用what引导。
6．(2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
答案：that　句意：科学家已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在进入人体。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。
7．(2019·江苏高考)Another unique human characteristic is ________ we walk upright.
答案：that　本句中is后面跟一个表语从句，从句成分完整，故用that引导。
8．(2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go.
答案：where　句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里更重要。在介词than 后跟宾语从句， where在从句中作状语，意为“去哪里”。
9．(2020·浙江高考)Adaptive signals can make sure ________ the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.
答案：that/不填　make sure后接宾语从句，且从句句意完整不缺成分，故用that引导，that可以省略。
10．(2019·北京高考)Soon you will also question ________ the voice you're hearing is actually real.
答案：whether　句意：很快你就会怀疑你听到的声音是不是真的。动词question后跟宾语从句，根据句意判断，应用whether引导，意为“是否……”。
11．(2018·浙江高考)This is ________ there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.
答案：why　句意：这就是为什么有这样的一种说法，求忙人才能做成事。此处why引导表语从句。
12．(2018·江苏高考)________ starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.
答案：What　句意：开始中学生玩这些应用程序只是因为它们有趣，后来它们变成了一个现实社交互动中的巨大压力。what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。
13．(2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now.
答案：where　句意： 如果没有他的支持，我们不可能取得现在的成就。without引导一个含蓄条件句，主句是对现在的虚拟，where we are指我们所处的现状，是一个表语从句。
14．(2018·北京高考)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
答案：what　句意：这是我父亲已经教给我的东西：总是勇敢地面对困难并且抱最好的希望。设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少taught的宾语，故填what。
15．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
答案：whoever　句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。
16．(2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
答案：how　句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。which引导非限制性定语从句，is后面为表语从句。这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。
17．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
答案：that　设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
18．(2018·天津高考)The possibility ________ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
答案：that　此处that引导同位语从句，说明possibility的内容。
二、单句改错
19．(2019·江苏高考)After the concert, Naomi told the family what Steve's music was beautiful and professional.
________________________________________________________________
答案：what→that　told后的从句为宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应该用that引导。
20．(2019·北京高考)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating which is real.
________________________________________________________________
答案：which→what　句意：电话运营商和消费者需要共同努力来找到办法以确定和沟通什么是真实的。communicating后跟宾语从句，宾语从句不用which引导；从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”，用what引导，故将which改为what。
21．(2019·天津高考)All participants must address what communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.
________________________________________________________________
答案：what→how　句意：所有与会者都必须阐明通信或交通技术在历史上如何提高了美国人的生活质量。address后跟一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，故将what改为how。
22．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)But sometimes we're not aware what cheaply we can make this food ourselves.
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答案：what→how　句意：但是有的时候我们意识不到我们自己可以使得这种食物多么便宜。此处修饰cheaply。故用连接副词how。
23．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The general rule is what mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people.
________________________________________________________________
答案：what→that　句意：通常的规则是气候温暖的地区语言种类少，而说这些语言的人人数较多。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，而what作主语，宾语或者表语。故将what改为that。
24．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whenever is ahead of you for the day.
________________________________________________________________
答案：whenever→whatever　句意：锻炼使得你更加清醒从而为这一天中要面临的困难做好准备。handle后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，而whenever作时间状语，故将whenever改为whatever。
25．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)That is only evidence which traditions once existed.
________________________________________________________________
答案：which→that　句意：这是唯一的证据证明传统曾经存在过。that引导同位语从句，介绍前面的evidence的内容。
26．(2018·北京高考)It's hard to predict why driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.
________________________________________________________________
答案：why→when　句意：很难预测什么时候无人驾驶汽车会行驶在我们的道路上。when引导宾语从句，作时间状语。