押新高考卷28—31题+阅读理解C篇说明文+-备战2022年高考英语临考题号押题（新高考卷）

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押新高考卷第28—31题
阅读理解C篇 说明文

阅读理解说明文，是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事例，达到教人以知识的目的。在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序（如时间、空间、从现象到本质）进行说明。最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，在新高考卷的阅读理解中每年都涉及到说明文的考查，是必考问题之一。甚至有时候D篇也会考说明文（科普文）。从命题形式上来看，说明文阅读常考主旨大意题和猜义题。说明文一般层次分明，结构清晰，逻辑关系清晰。因此考生在备考时要多加关注，勤加练习。
说明文的选材都是各专业领域的前沿问题，尤以科技类说明文居多。说明文的词汇和句式的运用比其他体裁文章而言，难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一个词的不同词性用法交替出现。未列入考纲的生词较多，专业术语也多，且对考生而言比较陌生。文章中的长难句比较多。这些都导致考生在阅读时难度很大。

一、 通过篇首确定说明对象（文章主题分析法）
说明文一般都开门见山，在篇首会阐明文章的说明对象。学生课通过阅读文章手段迅速确定文章的说明对象，有助于考生把握文章主旨。
二、 关注每段首尾句　　
说明文从第二段开始，通常从不同的方面对说明对象进行深入说明。
段落通常由topic sentence（主旨句），supporting details （支撑细节），和concluding sentence（总结句）三个部分组成。作者一般在段首表明段落的主旨，有时在段尾进行总结给出段落主旨，或者段首段尾以不同的文字给出。因此，阅读时，要关注每段的首尾句，确定段落的大意或主旨。阅读段落尾句还可以帮助我们理清段落之间的逻辑关系。
三、 充分利用文章中说明方式的运用和语篇标记词（长难句分析法）
说明文中常见的说明方法有下定义，作诠释，举例子，作引用等。
考生可以通过文中下定义，作诠释的内容猜测生词或术语的含义。举例子是为了是说明对象具体化，考生可以充分读懂段落中文中的例子，更好地理解段落主旨。作引用通常引用专家，名人等话语，充当说明的依据或内容来说明，介绍事物。
四．错误选项排除法
主旨大意题解题技巧：
1. 时间紧迫的情况下，只读首尾段，确定中心。
2. 阅读时注意出现频率高的单词，高频词法。
3. 排除内容片面，单一的选项。一般选择概括全文，内容全面，含义深刻，说明道理的选项。
猜义题解题技巧：就近原则
1. 通过构词法猜生词
2. 代词指代通过上下文单复数猜词
3. 通过并列连词猜近反义词
备考建议：
1.注重基础，注重积累扎实的词汇。
2.掌握各种阅读技巧
3.掌握各种阅读题型的解题技巧

Passage 1（2021 •新高考1卷•第28—31题）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting

Passage 2（2021•新高考2卷）
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
15. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.

Passage 3
【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.

Passage 1（山东省临沂市2022届高三一模）
When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why? Because most of his closest peers — his siblings and friends from childhood — have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena's family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than I percent of her peers across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena doesn't compare herself to the rest of the world; This is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one's self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values. independent of the achievement of others. For all of us, defining these goals, especially during Periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
28. What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A. To show the significance of evaluating people.
B. To motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C. To help people perform well in psychological tests.
D. To provide some background information on evaluating people.
29. Why does the author mention his two patients?
A. To measure different achievement.
B. To introduce the standards to evaluate people.
C. To explain relative performance with examples.
D. To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
30. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B. It's important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C. A sense of achievement can affect one's happiness,
D. Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Happiness: Is it all relative?
B. Self-worth: Is it measurable?
C. Self-worth: Is it based on efforts?
D. Happiness: Is it associated with achievement?

Passage 2（江苏南通市2022届高三第二次联考）
People who regularly sleep for six hours or less each night in middle age are more likely to develop dementia（痴呆）than those who routinely manage seven hours，according to a major study into the disease.
Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s,60s and 70s consistently had a short night's sleep, regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and poor mental health.
Sabia, an author of the study at the university of Paris and her colleagues analyzed survey data from University College London's Whitehall I study, which launched in 1985 and followed the health and lifestyles of more than 10,000 British volunteers. The French team focused on nearly 8.000 participants who self-reported their sleep patterns.
During 25 years of follow-up.521 participants developed dementia, with most diagnosed in their late 70s. Writing in Nature Communications, the scientists described how those who routinely got six hours of sleep or less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% more likely to develop dementia than those who typically managed seven hours.
The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia, since sleep loss itself may be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease. But some scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease.
The first pathological(病理上的)changes that lead to dementia occur one to two decades before the disease becomes obvious, as sticky proteins called amyloid build up in the brain. When the 1985 Whitehall II study first assessed the sleep of volunteers who later developed dementia,this process had probably not started.This meant that if they were sleeping too little, it was unlikely to have been caused by dementia-related brain changes.
"It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in later life," said Dr Liz Coulthard, a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology. "It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep, avoiding too much alcohol or caffeine, particularly before bed, and finding a bedtime routine that works for you."
32.What risk factor for dementia does the passage focus on?
A. Sleep loss. B.Age.
C.Poor mental health. D.Heart condition.
33.How did French scientists get the research findings?
A. By making a comparison. B.By monitoring sleep patterns.
C. By interviewing British volunteers. D. By analyzing previous survey data.
34.In what tone do the scientists talk about the research?
A.Casual. B. Doubtful.
C. Negative. D. Cautious.
35. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To give examples. B. To collect proofs.
C. To offer suggestions. D. To present arguments.
Passage 3
（福建漳州2022届二模）
Saturn (土星) is famous for its lovely rings, but a new study suggests the planet has spent most of its 4.5 billion years without them. That’s because the rings are likely only 10 million to 100million years old, according to a newly published report in the journal Science that’s based on findings from NASA’s Cassini probe (探测器).
Cassini spent some 13 years orbiting Saturn before diving and impacting into its atmosphere. During its final orbits, the spacecraft dove between the planet and its rings. That let seientists measure the gravitational effect of the rings and get a good estimate of the ring material's mass. What they found is that it’s only about 40 percent of the mass of Saturn’s moon Mimas. This small masss suggests that the rings are relatively young.
“There’s no huge amount of massive material hidden in the rings that we can’t see,” says Philip Nicholoson, a planetary scientist,“The rings are almost pure ice.” He says the relative youthfulness of Satum’s ring system is something that scientists have come to suspect only recently. “It was easier to believe that it formed at the same time as Saturn and its satellites did,” Nicholson says. “It’s hard to understand how they could have formed that recently.” It’s possible that the rings are the remains of a comet (彗星) or some other icy object that made a chance encounter with Saturn and got torn up, he says. Or, perhaps one of Saturn’s icy moons got whacked by an impact with a large comet.
Whatever happened, it’s looking more and more likely that Saturn’s splendid rings are a temporary phenomenon that humans are lucky to get to see at all. Previous measurements from Cassini helped show that the rings may be disappearing at a rapid speed, as dusty ice particles (颗粒) get pulled down to Saturn by its gravity. In another 100 million years, Saturn’s most unique feature might be gone.
12. How did scientists estimate the ring material’s mass?
A. By analyzing the age of the rings.
B. By timing Cassini’s orbiting Saturn.
C. By reeording Cassini’s flying speed.
D. By measuring the gravitational effect of the rings.
13. What's the previous common understanding of Saturn’s rings?
A. They are made up of pure ice.
B. They are the remains of a comet.
C. They came into being when Saturn formed.
D. They are a natural phenomenon of all planets.
14. What does the underlined word “whacked” in the third paragraph mean?
A. Crashed. B. Separated. C. Absorbed. D. Pulled.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Saturn Put Rings on It Relatively Recently
B. How Saturn’s Rings Formed Came to Light Finally
C. NASA Detected Icy Object in Saturn’s Rings Recently
D. When Saturn’s Rings Will Disappear Is Being Dug into
Passage 4
（2022届石室联中高三·三模拟）
Scientists are reporting that ice cover in the Bering Sea decreased during the winters of 2018 and 2019 to levels not seen in thousands of years. The new report adds to concerns about the effect of climate change in the Arctic.
The scientists said satellite images and records provide a clear picture of how the sea ice has changed over the past 40 years. Before that, the only ice records available were from those found in ship records and other observations. So, scientists turned to peat land on Saint Matthew Island, off the coast of Alaska. Peat is plant tissue that breaks down in wet conditions. It can hold organic substances from plants that lived thousands of years ago.
The researchers studied different forms of oxygen molecules trapped in the peat land. With this information, they were able to estimate atmospheric and ocean conditions that would have affected rainfall and sea ice over a period of 5,500 years.
The researchers reported their findings in Science Advances, a publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. “St. Matthew Island in itself has acted as its own weather station,” said Matthew Wooller, one of the researchers. He likened the levels of soil in the peat to a “book going back in time.”
Many studies have shown that the Arctic has warmed in recent years. Sea ice levels in the area around the North Pole have decreased. This year, the summertime Arctic sea ice reached its lowest level for the month of July in 40 years of record keeping.
The loss of sea ice is already hurting Arctic wildlife, such as walruses, polar bears, and seals. The loss of sea ice also affects indigenous communities that depend on hunting for food and clothing. Shrinking sea ice intensifies warming in the Arctic. That is because areas of dark water take the place of the sea ice. The dark water absorbs solar radiation instead of reflecting it back into the atmosphere.
The study suggests that changes in the flow of ocean waters and atmospheric conditions linked to climate change have had a big effect. So says Miriam Jones, the lead writer of the study. She is a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. “There’s a lot more going on than simply warming temperatures,” Jones said. “We’re seeing a shift in circulation patterns both in the ocean and the atmosphere,” she added.
12. According to the passage, why did scientists turn to “peat land” for their study?
A. Because peat is plant tissue that breaks down in wet conditions.
B. Because the peat land can affect the rainfall and the sea ice cover.
C. Because it can help research on atmospheric and ocean conditions.
D. Because the living plants on the peat land hold organic substances.
13. What does the underlined word “likened” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Related. B. Compared. C. Attracted. D. Referred.
14. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Warming in the Arctic region is strengthened by the loss of sea ice.
B. The local communities can certainly benefit from the decreasing ice.
C. The summertime Arctic sea ice reached its lowest level of the year.
D. Warming temperatures make the circulation patterns remain the same.
15. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. The loss of sea ice has a huge effect on the environment.
B. The decrease of the Arctic sea ice adds to concerns.
C. The causes of warming temperature are still uncertain.
D. Scientists are struggling with their studies of the Arctic.


Passage 1
【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
1．What is the recent study mainly about?
A．Food safety. B．Movie viewership.
C．Consumer demand. D．Eating behavior.
2．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons.
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
3．Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
4．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A．How hungry we are. B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others. D．How we feel about the food.
Passage 2
（广东光明2022届二模）
A team of University of Houston researchers is reporting a newly recognized process of drug metabolism(代谢) in the intestines(肠)—followed by recycling through the liver(肝脏)—that could have important meanings for developing treatments for intestinal diseases and for taking multiple drugs at the same time.
“The intestines play an important role in metabolizing and recycling certain plant compounds and drugs,” reports Ming Hu, a professor in University of Houston.
The new information could help chemists develop better drugs and doctors fine-tune medication dosing, especially when a patient takes multiple drugs at the same time.
Scientists have long recognized that bile(胆汁) acid is produced in the liver and released into the intestines and is then recycled back through the liver for reuse as the bile, Some drugs that are metabolized in the liver also go through this process.
“The liver has long been considered the most important organ for drug metabolism,” said Hu. “But we’ve shown that the intestines also play a major role in drug metabolism.”
In the experiments, the team administered 16 different types of drugs directly to the liver or intestines and then tracked what happened to the treatments. They found that some drugs and plant compounds were metabolized in the intestines and the metabolites were then transported to the liver before being cycled back into the intestines.
“In this process, the liver acts only as a recycling organ, which is rare, since the liver is known to be the metabolic ‘superstar’ organ in humans,” said Hu. “This may explain why some drugs or plant compounds have larger effects on the intestines than anticipated the body. We hope our findings will be useful for medicinal chemists to design new drugs tailored to treat intestinal diseases.”
12. What is the new discovery of University of Houston researchers?
A. A new cure for intestinal diseases.
B. The way the liver recycles medicines.
C. A newly recognized effect of taking multiple drugs.
D. The phenomenon of drug metabolism in the intestines.
13. What does the underlined word “administered” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. Produced. B. Studied. C. Gave. D. Introduced.
14. What’s the role of the liver in the newly discovered process?
A. A recycling organ. B. A metabolic organ.
C. A transporting organ. D. A drug tracking organ.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Where Are Drugs Metabolized?
B. How Are New Drugs Designed?
C. What’s the Metabolic Superstar?
D. Why Are Intestinal Diseases Hard to Cure?

Passage 3
With a few minor exceptions, there are really only two ways to say “tea” in the world. One is like the English term—té in Spanish and tee in Afrikaans are two examples. The other is some variation of cha, like chay in Hindi.
Both forms come from China. How they spread around the world offers a clear picture of how globalization worked. The words that sound like “cha” spread across land, along the Silk Road. The “tea”—like phrasings spread over water, by Dutch traders bringing the novel leaves back to Europe.
The term cha is Sinitic (汉语语系), meaning it is common to many varieties of Chinese. It began in China and made its way through central Asia, eventually becoming “chay” in Persian. That is no doubt due to the trade routes of the Silk Road, along which, according to a Cha discovery, tea was traded over 2,000 years ago. The Japanese and Korean terms for tea are also based on the Chinese cha, though those languages likely adopted the word even before its westward spread into Persia.
But that doesn’t account for “tea.” The Chinese character for tea, is pronounced differently by different varieties of Chinese, though it is written the same in them all. But in the Minnan variety of Chinese, spoken in the coastal province of Fujian, the character is pronounced “te”. The key word here is “coastal.”
The “te” form used in coastal-Chinese languages spread to Europe via the Dutch, who became the primary traders of tea between Europe and Asia in the 17th century. The main Dutch ports in east Asia were in Fujian and Taiwan, both places where people used the “te” pronunciation. The Dutch East India Company’s expansive tea importation into Europe gave us the French “thé”, the German “Tee”, and the English “tea”.
Yet the Dutch were not the first to Asia. That honor belongs to the Portuguese. And the Portuguese traded not through Fujian but Macao, where “chá” is used. That’s why Portugal is a pink dot in a sea of blue.
8. Which statement about the term of “cha” is correct according to the passage?
A. It is a variation of té in Spanish.
B. It is used in coastal-Chinese languages.
C. It is based on the Japanese and Korean terms for tea
D. The spread of the version is an example of globalization.
9. The “te” form spread to Europe by __________.
A. the German B. the British C. the Dutch D. the Portuguese
10. How does the author mainly develop the text?
A. By giving examples. B. By rising questions.
C. By drawing conclusions. D. By presenting research findings.
11. Where is the passage probably from?
A. A guide book. B. A novel. C. A magazine. D. A book review.
Passage 4
A study of teenage girls’ selfie-taking (自拍) behaviors found that taking and sharing selfies on social media is not linked to poor body image or appearance concerns. However, when adolescent girls spend too much time struggling over which photo of themselves to post, or rely heavily on editing apps to alter their images, there may be cause for concern.
The study, by researchers at the University of Arizona, found that selfie editing and time invested in creating and selecting the perfect selfie were both related to self-objectification, which led to body shame, appearance anxiety and more negative appearance evaluations in teen girls. “Self-objectification is the idea that you come to think of yourself as an external object to be viewed by other people,” said senior study author Jennifer Aubrey, an associate professor at the UA.
Based on a study of 278 teenage girls, “Our main finding was that we really shouldn’t be too worried about kids who take selfies and share them; that’s not where the negative effects come from. It’s the investment and the editing that yielded negative effects,” Aubrey said. “Selfie editing and selfie investment predicted self-objectification, and girls who self-objectify were more likely to feel shameful about their bodies or anxious about their appearance.”
“Self-objectification is the pathway to so many things in adolescence that we want to prevent,” Aubrey said. “So, interventions really should focus on how we can encourage girls to develop an awareness of themselves that doesn’t only depend on what they look like to other people.” The researchers said parents and caregivers of adolescent girls should be aware that if a teen seems to be obsessed (痴迷的), it might be time for a talk.
The researchers also note that there can be different motivations for sharing selfies. “Selfies are a part of the media landscape, but you should post them for reasons other than trying to get people to admire your appearance or your body.” Aubrey said. With an estimated 93 million selfies taken each day, they aren’t going away anytime soon, nor should they. The important thing to remember is: Selfies aren’t bad. Just don’t obsess.
12. What behavior of adolescent girls may cause concern?
A. Taking selfies.
B. Caring about their images.
C. Sharing selfies on social media.
D. Overusing editing apps to beautify their images.
13. From the text, what can we learn about self-objectification?
A. It predicts selfie investment. B. It is linked to selfie obsession.
C. It prevents problems in adolescence. D. It contributes to objective evaluation.
14. What should interventions center on?
A. When to have a talk with teen girls. B. When to end selfie-taking behaviors.
C. How to help form a healthy self-awareness. D. How to prevent teenage girls' craze for selfies.
15. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A travel brochure. B. A science newspaper.
C. A psychology textbook. D. An entertainment magazine.

Passage 5
D
Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus (真菌) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils (卷须) with gold collected from the soil. The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits (沉淀物) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.
The gold-loving fungus was discovered accidentally by a team of researchers led by Dr. Tsing Bohu, a scientist at Australia national science agency, CSIRO, when they were examining the microbes (微生物) in the soil at Boddington, a tiny town home to Australia's largest gold mine.
A closer analysis suggested that the fungus uses chemical interactions with underground minerals to accumulate gold from its surroundings. Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected. “Fungi are well-known for playing an important role in the recycling of organic material, such as leaves and bark, as well as for the cycling of other metals,” Dr. Bohu explained. “But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”
The fungi are not wearing the gold for beauty. “There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.”
The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground. The scientists also believe the fungi could be used to detect the presence of gold in waste products and man-made electronics.
However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see. Also, its gold can only be seen under a microscope.
12. What are the experts starved of?
A. Investigating the sites. B. Excavating the gold mines.
C. Getting further informed. D. Unearthing gold deposits.
13. What could be learned according to Dr. Bohu?
A. Fungi’s interaction with gold is unexpected but beneficial.
B. Gold’s classification is biologically identified by fungi.
C. Fungi’s formation with gold is fairly natural and frequent.
D. Gold is chemically accumulated by fungi’s evolution.
14. How does the author find the finding?
A. It excites the gold diggers’ motivation.
B. It has a long way to go before confirmation.
C. It lays the foundation of geological studies.
D. It ensures the search of gold sites.
15. What can be the suitable title for the text?
A. Beauty-loving Fungi Wrapped by Gold
B. Gold-loving Fungi Discovered in Australia
C. Boddington, Austria’s Largest Gold Mine
D. New Discovery of Gold with Fungi