2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：定语从句课件

这是一份2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：定语从句课件，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了知识导图，定语从句，限制性定语从句，关系词，非限制性定语从句，只用that的情况，只用which的情况，考点精析，关系代词，whom等内容，欢迎下载使用。

that与which用法区别
关系代词指代人：wh,whm, that, whse, as指代物：which,that,whse, as
关系副词：whenwhere, why
考点一　定语从句的句法功能及相关定义1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Thse wh are fr the plan raise yur hands, please.　支持这项计划的人请举手。As is knwn t us all, the earth is spinning arund the sun.　众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如sme­、any­、every­、n­与­bdy、­thing的合成词或all、nne、any、sme、that、thse等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：wh、whm、which、that、whse、as等。关系副词：when、where、why等。
5．分类(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“……的”。Paper cuts f animls have been fund in tmbs which date back t the time f the Nrthern and Suthern Dynasty.　早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。
(2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，如果省略不会影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。I brrw the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week, which my classmates recmmended t me.上个星期我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。
考点二　关系代词的用法一、关系代词及其用法
从句中的作用：主、宾、表
The TV rganizers had planned t find fur musicians wh culd act as well as sing.电视制作人打算找4位既能表演又能唱歌的音乐家。She shwed the visitrs arund the museum that/which had been cnstructed three years befre.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
Success is a jurney whse initial step is paved with an inner stirring.成功是一次旅程，第一步是由内心的热情铺就的。We have fund such materials as are used in their factry.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。He is nt the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。
二、定语从句两处关注点(一)关系代词that与which的区别1.只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词为不定代词anything、nthing、smething、everything、 all、 sme、 nne、 little、 few、 the ne等时。I refuse t accept the blame fr smething that was smene else's fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(3)先行词被the nly、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、n、sme、all等修饰时。The nly part f the meal that I really liked was the dessert.(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never frget the things and persns that they've seen r heard f during their lng jurney.
2.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。Spend five t ten minutes thinking abut the candidates' experiences, and the ways in which they shwed curage.(2)在非限制性定语从句中。In 1998 he applied t be a member f Prject 921, which is nw called Shenzhu.
3.在从句中作定语或介词宾语时(如at which time/pint、in which case)Recently I bught a secnd­hand car, the price f which was reasnable.最近我买了一辆二手车，价格很公道。She might pssibly cme, in which case I'll tell yu.她有可能会来，那样的话我就告诉你一声。
(二)关系代词as和which的区别关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般情况下二者可互换使用，但有下列区别：1.which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。As anybdy can see, a cmputer can d almst everything peple can.＝A cmputer can d almst everything peple can，as anybdy can see.任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。Therefre, this time I will intrduce Tang Petry t yu, which is f great help in learning Chinese.因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
2.as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as the saying ges、as is said abve、as is mentined abve、as ften happens、as is ften the case、as is reprted in the newspaper等。She passed the exam, as was expected.她通过了考试，这是预料之中的事。
***(1)whm、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。Such machines as are used in ur wrkshp are made in China.　像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
考点三　关系副词的用法
与“介词+关系代词”的关系：=at/in/n during which
先行词：表示时间的名词time，day，year等
从句中的作用：作时间状语
与“介词+关系代词”的关系：=in/at/t/n which
先行词：表示场所的名词：park、place、cuntry、huse等
从句中的作用：作地点状语
与“介词+关系代词”的关系：=fr which
先行词：表示理由的名词 the reasn
从句中的作用：作原因状语
The days are gne when physical strength was all yu needed t make a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.　学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。D yu knw the reasn why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 　你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
***当先行词为situatin、case、stage、pint等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。Their child is at the stage where she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
考点四　“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句1.“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用which和whm，且不能省略。Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn which schl educatin depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定(1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。In the dark street, there wasn't a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn t sb. fr help)Physics is the subject in which every student in ur schl is interested.物理是我们学校每个学生都感兴趣的课程。(be interested in)
(2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。I'll never frget the time during which I spent my child­hd in the cuntry.我永远不会忘记在乡下度过我的童年的那段时光。(during that time)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。The clrless gas withut which we can't live is called xygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
3.“the＋名词＋f which/whm”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。The newly­built café， the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.这家新建成的咖啡馆的墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
4.“表示全部或部分的词语＋f which/whm” 结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all、bth、nne、sme、mst等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。Many yung peple, mst f whm were well­ educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分人都受过良好的教育。
5.“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的类似结构有：during which time 在此期间at which time 在这时at which pint 在这一时刻fr which reasn 由于这个原因in which case 在这一情况下
He may win the cmpetitin, in which case he is likely t get int the natinal team.　他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就有可能进入国家队。***“复合介词短语＋which”结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which std a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。
“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1.如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that，非限制性定语从句中用wh。2.如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm，非限制性定语从句中用whm。3.如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that，非限制性定语从句中用which。
4.如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，则定语从句中用where；如果定语从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。5.无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whse。6.如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whm；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
①I was brn in New Yrk, ____________ is the biggest city f America.②The number f times “upcycling” has been lked up n the Cambridge Dictinary website has risen by 181% since December f 2011, ____________ it was first added t the nline dictinary.
1.On the last day we have the Lantern Festival, _________ we g ut at night carrying paper help imprve students' reading and writing skills, we will rganize the English cmpsitin cntest，_________ theme is “Clrful Campus Life”．3.There are tw muscles _________ wrk tgether t widen and pen a dg’s eyes, causing them t appear bigger, and bjectively cuter.
when whse that/which
4.Anther said, “Have we cllectively lst ur minds？_________ any envirnmentalist will tell yu, this is cmpletely crazy.”5.That’s ne reasn _________ when babies are brn, they are nw usually placed n their mthers' the past few years, mre than half f the bkstres in China have clsed dwn，_________ is the result f the cmpetitin with nline bkstres.
As why which
7.This was returned because the persn t _________ this letter was addressed had died three years ffice wasn't far frm Chinatwn，_________ I fund sme very gd Chinese mre and mre peple wn private cars, parking has becme a big headache fr many car wners, especially fr thse _________ live in dwntwn areas withut enugh parking decided t g t Stanfrd because there were many pprtunities fr peple _________ wanted t wrk in Silicn Valley.
whm where wh wh/that