专练04 亮点素材：远程在线测试-备战2022年新高考英语热点话题新题型综合练

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专练04 高三英语新高考新教材重难题型组合练
备战2022年高考
Passage 1
完形填空
介绍垃圾食品的危害
Passage2
七选五
介绍了过度的盐摄入量会给儿童健康带来的不良影响
Passage3
语法填空
介绍了由于全球变暖、冰川融化、极地资源丰富的原因
Passage4
应用文写作
分享自己的经历，给高三同学提建议
Passage5
读后续写
作者的父亲如何实现自己的梦想
Passage6
概要写作
介绍了“远程在线测试”的测试策略
Passage 1 完形填空
（2021·上海高三模拟） Despite nutrition experts’ best efforts to educate people about the dangers of a diet filled with processed food, it appears that the world doesn’t want to listen. Medical specialists point out that, although eating too much unhealthy food is likely to be as dangerous in the long term as smoking, regular consumption of high-calorie food has somehow become more socially 1 than ever. While local authorities in some towns and cities have taken measures to fight the rise in this trend by 2 the number of fast food outlets permitted to be open at the same time, critics argue that people have every right to make their own decisions about what they eat and how they choose to live. However, the way in which we have come to eat a lot of takeaways isn’t only a(n) 3 issue of weight gain, or of buying larger clothes. The consequences of mass overconsumption should strike 4 into the hearts of everyone.
Research suggests that there is an evolutionary reason as to why people 5 overeat—it is simply part of our inborn behaviour. When humans evolved, we did not have the adequate supply of food that we enjoy today, and so eating was more about 6 than pleasure. We became more likely to choose high-calorie foods, with high fat content, that could 7 us through cold winters when the supply of nourishment became inadequate. This explains why a 600-calorie burger seems so 8 : it makes us feel well fed and inspires contentment. Processed food 9 the reward response in our brains, so we feel obliged to overeat, and not necessarily in a healthy way. Junk food acts as a trigger (触发器) for chemicals such as the ‘feel good’ dopamine to flood through the brain and cause a sensation of happiness. 10 , high amounts of sugar and sodium (one of the chemicals in salt and other ingredients of fast food) cause a huge rise in blood sugar, pushing it to unnatural levels.
This occurs within the first few moments of eating a high-calorie meal. From there, routinely processing such high levels of sodium is 11 . The body’s organs are pushed beyond their 12 ability to do so. The kidneys (肾脏) cannot remove all the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to pump faster while transporting blood through the veins (血管). There are multiple dangers of high blood pressure, especially for the elderly and in the long term. Sodium 13 in such quantities can lead to dehydration, a condition whose symptoms are extremely similar to hunger, and this leads to a painful truth: as soon as you have finished your junk food meal, you immediately start to 14 another. Thereafter, the body starts to digest the food. Usually, this takes between 4 and 12 hours, but with fast food, where the fat content is so much higher, the same 15 lasts at least three days.
1．A．worthwhile B．acceptable C．relevant D．responsible
2．A．declaring B．estimating C．increasing D．limiting
3．A．alternative B．meaningless C．collective D．personal
4．A．boredom B．relief C．fear D．satisfaction
5．A．compulsively B．reluctantly C．defensively D．objectively
6．A．appetite B．evolution C．survival D．fighting
7．A．sustain B．please C．guide D．supply
8．A．tremendous B．surprising C．attractive D．expensive
9．A．stimulates B．guarantees C．produces D．illustrates
10．A．Predictably B．Therefore C．Comparatively D．Meanwhile
11．A．inevitable B．impossible C．significant D．powerful
12．A．natural B．superior C．minimum D．learned
13．A．turned up B．passed down C．looked over D．taken in
14．A．offer B．prepare C．desire D．share
15．A．symptom B．process C．damage D．hunger

【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．D4．C5．A6．C7．A8．C9．A10．D11．B12．A13．D14．C15．B
【分析】
本文是说明文，介绍了尽管人们知道垃圾食品的危害，但仍大量食用高热量垃圾食品这一现象，分析了原因并阐明了危害。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医学专家指出，尽管从长远来看，吃太多不健康食品的危害可能和吸烟一样大，但不知为何，社会比以往任何时候都更能接受定期食用高热量食品。A. worthwhile值得做的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. relevant相关的；D. responsible负责的。根据上文“although eating too much unhealthy food is likely to be as dangerous in the long term as smoking”中连词although(虽然)可知，下文语意与上文有转折对比关系，尽管人们知道不健康食品的危害，但仍接受、认可高热量食品。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然一些当地城镇和城市政府已经采取措施，通过限制同时开放的快餐店数量来应对这一上升的趋势，但有批评者认为,对他们吃的东西和他们选择的生活方式，人们有权自己做决定。A. declaring宣布；B. estimating评估；C. increasing增加；D. limiting限制。根据“fight the rise in this trend”可知，政府要控制这种上升的趋势，所以通过limit(限制)同时开放的快餐店的数量是种一种办法。故选D项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们吃很多外卖并不仅仅是像体重增加，或者买更大的衣服之类的个人问题。A. alternative选择性的；B. meaningless无意义的；C. collective 集体的；D. personal个人的。文中所例举的“weight gain, or of buying larger clothes”都是个人的问题。故选D项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：群体暴饮暴食的后果应该使每个人都感到恐惧。A. boredom无聊；B. relief解脱；C. fear害怕；D. satisfaction满足。根据下文可知，过度食用高热量食品，暴饮暴食会给我们身体带来巨大的危害，所以群体暴饮暴食的后果应该让人害怕，给人警醒。故选C项。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人们不受控制地暴饮暴食是有进化原因的——这只是我们天生行为的一部分。A. compulsively难控制地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. defensively防御地；D. objectively客观地。根据上文可知，尽管人们知道不健康食品的危害，但比以往任何时候都更能接受常常食用高热量食品，说明暴饮暴食是非理性，难以控制的行为。故选A项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人类进化的时候，我们并没有像今天一样足够的食物去享用，所以吃更多的是为了生存而不是快乐。A. appetite胃口；B. evolution进化；C. survival生存；D. fighting战斗。根据常识和“we did not have the adequate supply of food that we enjoy today”可知，在进化过程中，吃更多的东西是为了生存。故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当营养供应不足时，我们更有可能选择高热量、高脂肪的食物，这些食物可以支撑我们度过寒冷的冬天。A. sustain支撑；B. please使……高兴；C. guide带领；D. supply提供。结合常识可知，高热量、高脂肪的食物更能帮助我们抵御寒冷，支撑我们度过寒冷的冬天。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就解释了为什么一个600卡路里的汉堡看起来如此吸引人：它让我们感到饱腹和满足。A. tremendous巨大的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据下文“it makes us feel well fed and inspires contentment.”可知，高热量汉堡带来饱腹和满足感，所以是充满吸引力的食物。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：加工过的食品会激发我们大脑的奖赏反应，所以，即使不一定是健康的方式，我们会觉得有必要多吃。A. stimulates激发；B. guarantees保证；C. produces生产；D. illustrates阐明。上文说，在进化过程中，人们发现吃得多，吃高热量食物意味着生存机会更大，下文“so we feel obliged to overeat, and not necessarily in a healthy way.”可知，面对加工食品时，即使知道是不健康的方式，但我们还是觉得应该吃更多，说明大脑中的奖赏机制被激发，我们不自觉得就想吃更多。且下文的“Junk food acts as a trigger”也是提示。故选A项。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，高糖和高钠(快餐中盐和其他成分中的一种化学物质)会导致血糖大幅上升，将其推至不正常的水平。A. Predictably可预言地；B. Therefore因此；C. Comparatively相对地；D. Meanwhile同时。上文“Junk food acts as a trigger (触发器) for chemicals such as the ‘feel good’ dopamine to flood through the brain and cause a sensation of happiness. ”提到垃圾食品让人产生幸福感，但同时，垃圾食品中的高糖和高钠也会导致血糖大幅上升。故选D项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时开始，常规地处理如此高的钠含量是不可能的。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. impossible不可能的；C. significant重要的；D. powerful强大的。根据下文“The kidneys (肾脏) cannot remove all the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to pump faster while transporting blood through the veins (血管).”可知身体器官已经无法处理如此高的钠含量，甚至引起心脏跳动更快。故选B项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：身体的器官被推得超过了它们的自然能力。A. natural自然的；B. superior高级的；C. minimum最小的；D. learned有学问的。根据下文“The kidneys (肾脏) cannot remove all the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to pump faster while transporting blood through the veins (血管). ”可知，身体器官已经超出了它们的自然承受能力，无法发挥作用。故选A项。
13．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：摄入如此大量的钠会导致脱水，其症状与饥饿极为相似，这导致了一个痛苦的事实：你刚吃完垃圾食品，就会马上开始渴望再吃一顿。A. turned up出现；B. passed down传下来；C. looked over检查；D. taken in吸入，摄入。根据上文可知，垃圾食品中含有高糖和高钠，所以吃垃圾食品的同时就会吸收，摄入大量的钠。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：摄入如此大量的钠会导致脱水，其症状与饥饿极为相似，这导致了一个痛苦的事实：你刚吃完垃圾食品，就会马上开始渴望再吃一顿。A. offer提供；B. prepare准备；C. desire想要；D. share分享。根据“a condition whose symptoms are extremely similar to hunger”可知，垃圾食品中的钠会让人产生饥饿感，吃了还想吃。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，这需要4到12个小时，但对于脂肪含量高得多的快餐，同样的过程至少要持续3天。A. symptom症状；B. process过程；C. damage损坏；D. hunger饥饿。根据but可知，句中在对比消化普通食物的过程和消化快餐的过程的时间。且上文的“From there, routinely processing such high levels of sodium is 　　　　11　　　　. ”也是提示。故选B项。

Passage 2 阅读七选五
（2021·浙江省杭州第二中学高三模拟） For decades, doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem. 16． Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.
Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine 伟内禾口氯）.Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily. 17． This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure 一- a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.
A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure.
18． British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy （碳酸）drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.
19． A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones （肾结石）.This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.
Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. 20． Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments （调味品）.You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2,000 mg in many frozen meals.
A．Salt isn't the only cause of diseases.
B．The average American eats twice this amount.
C．Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight.
D．Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity.
E.But new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children.
F.Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.
G.Cutting down on salt now can lower a person's risk of heart disease.

【答案】
16．E 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．F
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。文章介绍了过度的盐摄入量会给儿童健康带来的不良影响，并提出如何减少盐摄入量的建议。
16．前文“Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem.”(心脏病一直被认为是一个成年人的问题。)和选项E中的“salt is starting to affect children”(盐开始影响到儿童)构成转折关系，对应选项E中的转折词but，根据后文“Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.”(当你小的时候，吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题。)可知，此处是指小时候吃太多盐会有不好的影响，所以选项E“但新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。”切合文意。故选E。
17．根据前文“Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily.”(膳食指南建议，成年人和9-13岁的孩子每天摄入的钠不应该超过一茶匙。)可知，选项B中的this amount是指一茶匙，根据后文“This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood.”(这让医生们很担心，因为过量的钠会导致身体产生更多的血液。)可知，人们普遍的钠摄入量都超过了每天一茶匙，所以选项B“美国人的平均摄入量是这个的两倍。”切合文意。故选B。
18．根据后文“British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy(碳酸) drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.”(英国研究人员最近发现，少吃盐的孩子也少喝含糖软饮料。少喝碳酸饮料会降低孩子体重、肥胖和高血压的可能性。)可知，此处是讲减少盐摄入量有助于阻止肥胖问题，所以选项D“减少盐摄入量也可能有助于阻止儿童肥胖。”切合文意。故选D。
19．根据后文“A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones”(最近的一项研究发现，美国越来越多的孩子患有肾结石)可知，此处是讲除了前文中提到的肥胖和心脏问题之外，还会有其它的问题。所以选项C“盐影响的不仅仅是你的心脏和体重。”切合文意。故选C。
20．根据前文“The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually.”(减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐步改变。)和后文“Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions.”(换吃新鲜食品，而不是罐装和瓶装食品。)可知，此处是讲如何逐步减少钠摄入量。所以选项F“开始时，在你的晚餐中加入平常一半的盐。”切合文意。故选F。

Passage 3 语法填空
（2021·湖南衡阳市·高三二模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Both research and 21． (explore) in the Arctic are fundamental to understanding and dealing with climate change issues. With the melting of Arctic ice, the polar region could provide an opportunity to 22． (well) understand the effects of global warming. The Arctic is 23． great importance, among other things, for the environment, trade, investment, energy and security. It is evaluated 24． (have) a quarter of the world’s oil and natural gas. China has a clear Arctic policy, explained in a White Paper,25． corresponds well with the concept of a “Polar Silk Road”.
Thanks to global warming, Arctic ice is melting,26． (open) up the possibility of a “Northern shipping route” via the Northwest, Central and Northeast 27． (passage). Shipping time between China and Europe via the Arctic would be shorter than 28． existing one through the Indian Ocean and Suez Canal. Although this does not mean the “Northern route” would replace these established ones, it would represent a new chance,29． (particular) in the trade of energy and minerals. As issued in the white paper, great importance 30． (attach)to voyage security in the Arctic shipping routes and studies on the routes by China these years.

【答案】
21．exploration22．better23．of24．to have25．which26．opening27．passages28．the29．particularly
30．has been attached
【详解】
本文是说明文，文章介绍了由于全球变暖、冰川融化、极地资源丰富的原因，中国计划共同打造一条“极地丝绸之路”,这有利于缩短中欧航运时间和加强极地资源的共同开发与能源贸易。
21. 考查名词。句意：对北极的研究与探索是理解和应对气候变化问题的基础。分析句子可知,explore与research是并列关系，一起作句子主语，应使用名词形式exploration，故填exploration。
22. 考查副词比较级。句意：随着北极冰层的融化,极地地区提供了更好地了解全球变暖带来的影响的机会。根据句意可知，句中暗含比较关系，“与北极冰层融化前相比，冰层融化后，能更好地了解全球变暖带来的影响”，副词well修饰动词understand ，应使用比较级形式。故填 better。
23.考查介词和固定句型。句意：北极对环境、贸易、投资、能源、安全等具有重要意义。“be+of+抽象名词”为固定句型，常用于表示人或物的特征，相当于“形容词 ”。故填of。
24.考查非谓语动词和固定句型。句意：据估计，它拥有世界四分之一的石油和天然气。“sth. be said/ reported/ evaluated to do”为固定句型，表示“据说/报道/估计……”，后跟不定式结构。故填to have。
25. 考查定语从句。句意：中国在白皮书中提到，中国有明确的北极政策，这与“极地丝绸之路”的概念十分契合。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a clear Arctic policy，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which 。故填 which。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意为：由于全球变暖，北极冰层正在融化，也开启了一条经由西北、中部和东北通道的“北方航道”存在的可能性。分析句子可知，open up(开启)是非谓语动词，作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语Arctic ice之间是主动关系，且与谓语动词 is melting同时进行，应用现在分词，表示主动和正在进行。故填opening。
27.考查名词。句意：由于全球变暖，北极冰层正在融化，也开启了一条经由西北、中部和东北通道的“北方航道”存在的可能性。passage(通道)是可数名词， 根据句意可知，文中指“the Northwest, Central and Northeast”三个方向的通道，所以passage应使用复数形式passages。故填 passages。
28.考查冠词。句意：中国和欧洲之间通过北极的航运时间将比现有的通过印度洋和苏伊士运河的航运时间短68天。根据句意可知，“existing one(现有航道)”是指通过印度洋和苏伊士运河的现在正在使用的航道，这是大家者知道的航道，是特指，应使用定冠词。故填the。
29. 考查副词。句意：虽然这并不意味着“北方路线”将取代现有的路线，但它代表了一个新的机会，特别是在能源和矿物贸易方面。根据句意可知，particular修饰介词短语“in the trade of energy and minerals”，表示程度，应用副词形式particularly 。故填 particularly。
30. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正如中国发表的白皮书所述，近年来，中国高度重视北极航道的航行安全问题和北极航道的研究。分析句子可知，attach(附加、附属)是句中谓语动词，与主语great importance之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语these years，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语great importance是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，单数形式。故填 has been attached。
Passage 4 应用文
（2021·四川成都市·树德中学）假定你是大一学生李华。你的母校校刊编辑邀请你给高三的同学写一封公开信，请根据以下要点回信：1.你高三时学习方面的变化；2.你高三时生活方面的变化；3.你对高三同学的建议。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear fellows,
I'm really glad to share my thoughts with you. I will give a brief description about my previous experience and offer some suggestions as well.
It was true that great changes took place since entering senior three. On one hand, I studied much harder since I knew time was limited. What made me excited was that I did make great progress after a period of full devotion to study. On the other hand, my life also changed a lot. To ensure energy and efficiency during the day, I made a more practical schedule and strictly follow it every day, which led to a more regulated life and really benefited me a lot.
As for my suggestions, the following tips may help. First of all, remember to persist whatever difficulty you meet. Besides, communicate more with your classmates, teachers and parents, from whom you can definitely gain support in all aspects.
Best wishes to all of you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就自己高三时学习方面、生活方面的变化给下届高三的同学写一封公开信，分享自己的经历，给高三同学提建议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
建议：advice→suggestion
奉献：dedication→devotion
坚持：insist on→persist
困难：trouble/hardship→difficulty
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As for my suggestions, the following tips may help.
拓展句：As for my suggestions, it is the following tips that may help a lot.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] What made me excited was that I did make great progress after a period of full devotion to study. (运用了What引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句)
[高分句型2] To ensure energy and efficiency during the day, I made a more practical schedule and strictly follow it every day, which led to a more regulated life and really benefited me a lot. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)

Passage 5 读后续写
（2021·张家口市宣化第一中学高三二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My dad's life seemed typical of his generation. He graduated from high school during the Depression and worked for a large company. He enlisted (入伍) in 1941, served in the Pacific and Europe.
On returning, he met my mother, married and had three children. Because of the job, he needed to continue his education. With his full-time job and attending to his family, he attended college in the evening and obtained his degree.
As kids, we knew what Dad told us. During cold winters he sympathized with unfortunate kids in just T-shirt and shorts. He was saddened by children with nothing under the Christmas tree. He loved kids and schools and he wanted to spread kindness to everyone in need of help, so he was always ready to give a hand to people he met.
With us three kids on our own. Dad and Mom retired and came to Florida. Two years later Mom died, in 1980. From that time. Dad got into the habit of walking around his house. He also tried golf but failed to become addicted to it. Although it was hard time for Dad, he didn't give up the hope of life. He decided to do something meaningful to society.
Then he saw an ad requesting literacy (读写能力) volunteers. Dad helped some children, who were homeless learn to read and write. He also helped an old man learn to read because his literate wife was going blind. He told us he even wanted to be a teacher to help more people.
As time passed, Dad had some health problems. His legs became weak and he started to have trouble in sleeping. My brother, my younger sister and I came to look after him, telling him to stop doing the volunteer work and have a rest at home. However, he was so stubborn that he disagreed with us and insisted on his decision.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Before long, Dad made his dream come true.
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One year later, something surprising happened.
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【答案】A possible version
Before long, Dad made his dream come true. As it happened, a teacher who lived near Dad's home resigned. The school needed someone to help teach students. Dad realized it was time to take action. He began work as a teacher's assistant in a third grade class, helping children with spelling and grading papers. He spent a lot of time with the students, playing games and singing songs with them. As a result, all the students like getting along with him.
One year later, something surprising happened. Dad's physical condition turned better. He explained to me that the students kept him healthy. He said every time he stayed with the children, he moved and smiled a lot, which made him feel energetic and happy. Seeing Dad was satisfied with life, I learned a lesson: Our value shouldn't be limited by the face and age, but it should depend on what we can do for others.
【分析】
这是一篇读后续写。文章以作者父亲的生平为线索展开，讲述了充满爱心的父亲在辛苦工作，学习和养育子女的同时，还不忘关照那些不幸的人。母亲去世后，作者的父亲成为了一个帮助别人学习读写的志愿者。他想帮助更多的人，即使在健康状况不好时，也坚持实现自己的梦想。
【详解】
1.段落续写
①根据本段首句内容“不久后，父亲的梦想实现了”可知，接下来可描写父亲如何实现自己的梦想。
②根据本段首句内容“一年后，一些令人惊喜的事情发生了”可知，接下来可描写是哪些令人惊喜的事情（如：父亲健康状况改善）以及作者的体会。
2.续写线索：去学校当助教——受到孩子们的欢迎——孩子们让父亲感动微笑——健康状况大有好转——感悟
3.词类激活
行为类
①发生：happen/ occur/ take place
②辞职：resign/ quit one’s job
③感动：move/ touch
情感类
①满意的：satisfied/ content
②高兴的：happy/ delighted
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
As it happened, a teacher who lived near Dad's home resigned.（句中as引导方式状语从句，who引导定语从句）
[高分句型2]
He began work as a teacher's assistant in a third grade class, helping children with spelling and grading papers.（句中运用现在分词作状语）
[高分句型3]
Our value shouldn't be limited by the face and age, but it should depend on what we can do for others.（句中what引导宾语从句）
Passage 6 概要写作
（2021·上海虹口区·高三三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
New Testing Method in Era of Online Learning
In research published today in Science of Learning, engineers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demonstrate how a testing strategy they call “distanced online testing” can effectively reduce students’ ability to receive help from one another in order to score higher on a test taken at individual homes during social distancing.
“Often in remote online exams, students can talk over the phone or internet to discuss answers,” said Ge Wang, a chair professor of biomedical engineering at Rensselaer and the corresponding author on this paper. “The key idea of our method is to minimize this chance via discrete optimization(离散优化)aided by knowledge of a student’s competencies.”
When a distanced online test is performed, students receive the same questions, but at varying times depending on their skill level. For instance, students of highest mastery levels receive each question after other groups of students have already answered those questions. This approach, Wang said, reduces the motivator for students to receive help from those who have more mastery of the material. In order to determine the order of each student’s questions, their competence levels are estimated using their grade point averages, SAT scores, or midterm scores, depending on what is available at a specific point in the semester.
According to statistical tests and post-exam surveys, this method reduced the points gained through cheating by orders of magnitude (数量级) when compared to conventional exam methods. As an added benefit, Wang said, when students knew collusion would not be possible, they were more motivated to study class material. Wang and his colleagues hope to share this innovation of teaching methods and theory beyond the Rensselaer campus.
“We plan to develop a good platform so that others can easily use this method,” said Wang, a member of the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies at Rensselaer.
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【答案】To reduce cheating in remote online tests, distanced online testing is introduced in today’s Science of Learning. It minimizes online cheating through discrete optimization based on students’ abilities. Namely, students at various levels get the same paper, but at different times. It reduced cheating and encouraged learning, so researchers expect to build a platform to share it.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“远程在线测试”的测试策略，它是基于学生能力的基础上通过离散优化的方法最小化网络作弊。不同层次的学生拿到的是相同的试卷，但时间不同，它减少了作弊，鼓励学习，研究人员希望建立一个平台来分享使用这种方法。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①In research published today in Science of Learning, engineers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demonstrate how a testing strategy they call “distanced online testing” can effectively reduce students’ ability to receive help from one another in order to score higher on a test taken at individual homes during social distancing.
②Often in remote online exams, students can talk over the phone or internet to discuss answers。
③The key idea of our method is to minimize this chance via discrete optimization(离散优化)aided by knowledge of a student’s competencies.
④ When a distanced online test is performed, students receive the same questions, but at varying times depending on their skill level.
⑤ According to statistical tests and post-exam surveys, this method reduced the points gained through cheating by orders of magnitude (数量级) when compared to conventional exam methods.
⑥ when students knew collusion would not be possible, they were more motivated to study class material.
⑦ Wang and his colleagues hope to share this innovation of teaching methods and theory beyond the Rensselaer campus.
2.缜密构思将第①、②两个要点进行重组；将第③、④两个要点进行压缩；将第⑤、⑥、⑦三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
To reduce cheating in remote online tests, distanced online testing is introduced in today’s Science of Learning.
It minimizes online cheating through discrete optimization based on students’ abilities.
Students at various levels get the same paper, but at different times.
It reduced cheating and encouraged learning, so researchers expect to build a platform to share it.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]：To reduce cheating in remote online tests, distanced online testing is introduced in today’s Science of Learning.运用了不定式作目的状语并对原文第一段和第二段第一句进行了概括。其中不定式作目的状语表达高级。
[高分句型2]：It minimizes online cheating through discrete optimization based on students’ abilities. 用过去分词短语作后置定语对第二段第二句进行了概括，表达非常高级。