2022年中考英语动词语态分词语法复习

初中英语语法：分词作插入语

其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。

generally speaking　一般说来

talking of (speaking of) 说道

strictly speaking 严格的说

judging from 从…判断

all things considered 从整体来看

taking all things into consideration　全面看来

Judging from his face, he must be ill.　从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。

Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)

初中英语语法： 分词作表语

现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行

过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成

She looked tired with cooking.　她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。

He remained standing beside the table.　他依然站在桌旁。

初中英语语法： 分词作补语

通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：

I found my car missing.　我发现我的车不见了。

I'll have my watch repaired.　我想把我的手表修一下。

初中英语语法：分词作状语

As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。

初中英语语法大全：动词的语态

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态　时，该不定式前要加 "to"。此类动词为感官动词。

feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

We saw him play football on the playground.

--> He was seen to play football on the playground.

2)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

初中英语语法大全：被动表示主动

被动形式表示主动意义

be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries

He is graduated from a famous university.

他毕业于一所有名的大学。

注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。

He married a rich girl.

He got married to a rich girl.

初中英语语法大全：主动表示被动

主动形式表示被动意义

1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…

The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build

I was to blame for the accident.

Much work remains.

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。