06.反意疑问句、感叹句、并列句及相关-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

这是一份06.反意疑问句、感叹句、并列句及相关-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车，共12页。
第06讲：反意疑问句、感叹句、并列句及相关



考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接

v 考点归纳
1. 陈述句:
⑴肯定: I do hope that you will give up smoking. 强调结构
⑵否定: 否定词not, never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, barely, etc. (Û cf. unfair, impolite等)
当not用来否定句中的非谓语动词成分，此时仅为局部否定，不构成否定句，仍为肯定句，如I should have presented her not a gold ring but something else.
否定转移: (一般仅出现在主语为第一人称时)
如think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等表示看法，或seem等表示感觉的动词后接宾语从句时，需将表示否定意义的否定词not转移到主句中；若主句含情态动词，则不转移
⑶双重否定: Man can’t live without air. / I was not a little worried. = I was very much worried.
2. 祈使句: 肯定与否定 Hurry up. / Do it again, or you will regret. / Never do it again.
3. 疑问句: 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句
4. 反意疑问句(附加疑问句)基本规律:“前肯后否，前否后肯”；不管陈述句的主语是哪种词类，在反意疑问句中一律用代词；当为否定形式时，not必须与前面的助动词用缩略形式
5. 反意疑问句中的代词使用原则:
陈述句中的主语
反意疑问句中的代词
something, anything, everything, nothing
it
to do sth., doing sth., 主语从句
it
someone, somebody
he
anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybody
they (口语) / he (正式语体)
the rest, the following, large quantities of, one third of, 30% of等
由其代表的数决定，单数用he (人)或it (物)，复数用they
由and连接的两个或以上的名词或代词
第一人称we/第二人称you/第三人称they
this, that, these, those
相应it / they
there be句型
there
one
one / you (非正式)
6. 一般情况下反意疑问句的代词一般遵照的是主句中的主语“看主不看从”，但当反意疑问句的主句中含think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等词时，反意疑问句的代词可有多种情况:
当主句人称为第一人称时，代词遵照从句而定；当主句人称为二、三人称时，代词遵照主句而定，即“第一人称看从句，二三人称看主句”；并列句则遵照就近原则
7. 否定前移的特殊情况: 否定前移一般主语为第一人称
当主句人称为第一人称时，此时代词遵照从句而定，且此时应将从句视为否定句；当主句人称为二、三人称时，此时代词遵照主句而定，此时主句依旧为否定句(非否定前移)，如
I don’t suppose that he’s curious, is he? He doesn’t think I am right, does he?
8. 存在hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, little, few等半否定副词的句子也被视为否定句，但含有依据构词法通过添加前缀(常见的有un-, im-, ir-, dis-)转换而来的词(如impossible, unfair)或含有某些表示拒绝含义的动词(如refuse)的句子虽具有一定否定含义，但该句不为否定句，如
He seldom knew a word, did he? That is impossible, isn’t it?
9. 当主句中含有let’s或let us，其对应的反意疑问句是不同的，如
Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let us go home, will you?
10. 祈使句后可接will you? / won’t you? / could you? / can you? 等，这些句子仅表示客气语气，某种程度上不属于真正的反意疑问句，故某些用法与常规反意疑问句有些不同；肯定祈使句后可使用will you? 或won’t you? (后者更为客气)，否定祈使句可用will you? / can you?
Send me another copy, will you? = Will you send me another copy?
Don’t make noises, can you?
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11. 特殊情况:
⑴ 陈述句中含used to，反意疑问句可用did或use(d)n’t
⑵ 陈述句中含I am，反意疑问句不为am not，而可用aren’t (BrE)
⑶ 陈述句中含ought to，反意疑问句可用oughtn’t (BrE) 或shouldn’t (AmE)
⑷ 主句中含must not表“禁止”，反意疑问句用may；若must表“必须”，反意疑问句可用must或改用need；must表“义务”，或表“想必”、“一定”等推测性意义时，通常也must
⑸ 主句中含must have done等
a. 同时句中出现过去时间状语，疑问部分用did
b. 同时不含有具体时间，反意疑问句用完成时
⑹ 陈述句中含have，作“有”解时，反意疑问句可用have及其变形或do及其变形；其他含义时只能用do及其变形
⑺ 注意反意疑问句的回答，事实肯定用Yes, …反之亦然；注意回答的前后一致
⑻ 注意某些如’s / ’d的缩略形式的完整形式；注意need / dare是否为情态动词
12. 感叹句
⑴ 基本结构: What + (a / an) + a. + n. + 次序不变的其他成分
How + (a. / adv.) + 次序不变的其他成分
e.g.

⑵ 特殊情况下，what后可直接加名词，how后可直接加句子
e.g. What fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sledge!
⑶ 寻寻觅觅，我们发现，感叹句what / how的结构与such / so句型竟有着惊人的相似之处
What a nice place China is! Û China is such a nice place!
How nice China is! Û China is so nice!
*⑷ 感叹句的反意疑问句: 一律用否定式
13. 并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)指用来连接彼此是并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的词；被连接的两个部分彼此是独立的，在句法上是平等的；其中表示并列关系的并列连词有and, as well as, both … and …, not only … but also …, neither … nor …；表示选择关系的有or, or else, either … or；表示转折关系的有but, yet, while, whereas；表示因果关系的有for, so
14. 在某些连接性状语如furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore等之前通常用分号代替逗号，因为这些词是副词而非连词，如He’d worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance.
15. 需注意的并列连词: ⑴and解释为和、然后、那么；⑵or解释为或者、否则，用于否定句中可作也不解；⑶or else作否则解；⑷yet作可是、然而解；⑸whereas作然而、但是、尽管解
16. 需特别注意的句子:
He bought five books, and two of them are nice. = He bought five books, two of which are nice.
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. = Unless (» if not) you hurry up, you’ll be late.
Tom said that he liked English and that he wanted to learn French.
Five minutes earlier, and you could have met Tom.

v 考前巩固
I. Complete the tag questions (反意疑问句). Pay special attention to the italicized words and the words in the brackets. (带*的句子由于涉及虚拟语气，故建议理解)
(A)
1. I don’t think he is right, __________? (believe, suppose, imagine, bet, guess, etc.)
2. I’m a student, __________?
*3. I wish I could help you, ___________?
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4. He’s said to have finished the homework, __________?
5. He must have been to school the other day, __________?
*6. He had planned to lend you a hand yesterday, __________?
7. He is unfit to do the job, __________? (unfair, refuse, fail, hesitate, etc.)
8. If it is fine tomorrow, they will go outing, __________?
9. It’s clear that the car has arrived here, __________?
10. He has no money with him today, __________?
11. Nobody has anything to do with the accident, __________?
12. Don’t tell anybody else about it, __________?
13. Come in and take a seat if you are free, __________?
14. Nobody had your bike repaired yesterday, __________?
15. They must have finished their task ahead of time now, __________?
16. Mrs. Smith, who was not in charge of us, refused to help us, __________?
17. Tom’s sister had no idea of when the meeting would be held, __________?
18. Her father’s just come from Beijing, __________?

(B)
1. Jane has to stay here all day, __________?
2. As far as I remember, Tom used to live here, __________?
3. That’s your sister, __________?
4. I must answer the letter, __________?
5. You need to come earlier, __________?
6. Susan’d have worked abroad if she’d had the chance, __________?
7. Everyone’s having a good time, __________?
8. There’s nothing wrong, __________?
9. Someone turn that radio down, __________?
10. Birds barely build nests in our garden, __________?
11. Do sit down, __________?
12. I don’t think you’ve done it, __________?
13. One can’t be too modest, __________?
14. Don’t forget to phone me, __________?
15. Let’s go, __________?
II. Turn the following sentences into exclamatory sentences (感叹句).
1. It’s nice of you to come. 2. That’s a pity.
3. She wears funny clothes. 4. That’s a good idea.
*5. She’s lovely, isn’t she? 6. I hate noise.
III. Choose the best answer.
1. The boy dare not stay at home alone, _____?
A. dare he B. dare not he C. does he D. doesn’t he
2. He must have studied English for two years, _____?
A. mustn’t he B. hasn’t he C. didn’t he D. doesn’t he
3. You’d never heard of it before I told you, _____?
A. didn’t I B. did I C. hadn’t you D. had you
4. He can’t have finished the job yesterday, _____?
A. can he B. has he C. did he D. didn’t he
5. The nurse said that she was not feeling well, _____?
A. wasn’t she B. didn’t she C. was she D. did she
6. You’d better remain here, _____?
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A. wouldn’t you B. didn’t you C. hadn’t you D. should you
7. – He is angry with me, isn’t he? – _____.
A. I don’t hope so. B. I hope not. C. I don’t hope that. D. I don’t hope it.
8. They seem to say the first thing that comes into their head, _____?
A. do they B. don’t they C. doesn’t it D. does it
9. He dislikes the film, _____?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. will he D. may he
10. If you want help — money or anything, let me know, _____?
A. don’t you B. will you C. shall you D. do you
11. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _____?
A. is she B. isn’t she C. doesn’t she D. does she
12. Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, _____?
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he
17. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _____?
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
18. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _____?
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it
19. – Alice, you feed the bird today, _____? – But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
20. I didn’t see Mike in his office this morning, so I think he must have gone to Paris yesterday, _____?
A. mustn’t he B. didn’t he C. hasn’t he D. did I
21. Tom is unfit for the demanding job, _____?
A. is Tom B. isn’t Tom C. isn’t he D. is he
22. You need a lot of money, _____?
A. don’t you B. do you C. needn’t you D. need you
23. There stand many trees in the garden, _____?
A. don’t there B. don’t they C. do there D. do they
24. I think that something has to be done to stop our air from being polluted, _____?
A. doesn’t it B. hasn’t it C. don’t they D. haven’t they
25. – Frank is up late working again.”
– This is the third time this week he’s had to study late, _____?
A. isn’t it B. hasn’t it C. isn’t he D. hasn’t he
26. People who have regular physical exercise seldom catch a disease like A (H1N1) flu, _____?
A. do they B. don’t they C. haven’t they D. have they
27. – They believed that their conclusion was right, _____?
– I suppose so.
A. was it B. did they C. didn’t they D. wasn’t it
28. Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, _____?
A. does it B. is it C. wasn’t it D. doesn’t it
29. Today isn’t as cold as it was yesterday, _____?
A. wasn’t it B. was it C. isn’t it D. is it
30. Many believe that the world will end on December 21, 2012 according to the Mayan Prophecy, _____?
A. don’t they B. won’t it C. isn’t it D. will they
31. Intelligent people need never work hard to be successful in the field where they are engaged in, _____ they?
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A. needn’t B. don’t C. do D. need
32. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _____?
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it
33. When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ____?
A. do you B. will you C. don’t you D. won’t you
34. Measures must be taken before there is another collapse of the coal mine, _____?
A. must they B. mustn’t they C. is there D. isn’t there
35. I don’t imagine Russ and his poor dog had a good time on the deserted island, _____?
A. didn’t they B. do I C. did they D. hadn’t they
36. Chinese must have the largest number of speakers, _____?
A. mustn’t that B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. doesn’t it
37. Don’t forget the appointment with the principal at the registry office, _____ you?
A. don’t B. will C. do D. shall
38. To have a family reunion dinner at a restaurant, you need to reserve the restaurant and select dishes on the menu months before it, _____?
A. don’t you B. didn’t you C. mustn’t you D. needn’t you
39. _____ it is to play hide and seek with all of you!
A. How funny B. How a great fun C. What a great fun D. What fun
40. _____ your wedding was!
A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success
41. Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, _____?
A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she
42. I thought that you would be away from the present post, _____?
A. didn’t he B. didn’t you C. weren’t you D. wouldn’t you
43. All the visitors have to pass security check before they are allowed to enter the stadium, _____?
A. don’t they B. haven’t they C. aren’t they D. are they
44. The streets were flooded, so it must have rained heavily last night, _____?
A. mustn’t it B. hasn’t it C. didn’t it D. weren’t they
45. Beer bottles can be recycled but they need cleaning thoroughly, _____ they?
A. needn’t B. don’t C. mustn’t D. can’t
46. At the meeting, most students disagreed with the director’s proposal, _____?
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it
47. You said that the current shortage of water in some provinces would end soon, _____?
A. would it B. wouldn’t it C. did you D. didn’t you
48. He must have been to Scotland, _____ I once saw some photos of him taken in Edinburgh wearing a tartan skirt.
A. for B. now that C. because of D. since
49. You’d better go faster, _____ you won’t have another chance to date with me.
A. and B. otherwise C. but D. however
50. It is often said that an American starts a speech with a joke, _____ a Japanese with an apology.
A. or B. as C. while D. when
51. She had never done anything for them, _____ they had done everything for her.
A. yet B. whereas C. when D. for
52. Although he was a newcomer and worked for only a few days in the office, _____ he got to know almost everybody here.
A. and B. but C. yet D. so
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53. _____, and you will succeed.
A. Making another effort B. If you make another effort
C. To make another effort D. Another effort
54. Once you meet with a traffic accident, _____.
A. keeping calm B. keep calm C. and keep calm D. to be calm
55. Mary likes these crafts very much, _____ belong to me.
A. and all of which B. and neither of them C. none of which D. both of them
56. Hurry off, _____ you will be late for the concert.
A. unless B. therefore C. nevertheless D. hence
57. He should have been there, _____ he was too busy.
A. nevertheless B. otherwise C. furthermore D. but
58. – Would you like to play basketball with us?
– Yes, I’d love to. _____ I’m afraid I have no time.
A. So B. But C. Or D. And
59. ____ some people come here for a short break, others have decided to stay forever.
A. Because B. If C. Once D. While
60. There are fewer teaching positions left in big cities, _____ at the same time there are shortage of teachers in small towns.
A. or B. and C. so D. for
61. Taylor’s popularity gave her a lot of power with the movie industry, _____ she got very high pay for her movies.
A. if B. though C. so D. unless
62. I thought we’d be late for the concert, _____ we ended up getting there ahead of time.
A. for B. but C. or D. so
63. I don’t like going to the party; I must, _____, go since they have invited me several times.
A. still B. otherwise C. nevertheless D. and
64. Could you lend me 50 cents? _____, I’ll have to change a $10 note into coins.
A. Therefore B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Yet
64. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer to go, _____?
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
65. He _____ last weekend, didn’t he? A. didn’t do anything B. did nothing
C. hardly did anything D. failed to do anything
66. It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _____? A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they

v 真题链接
1. – Someone wants you on the phone.
– _____ nobody knows I am here.
A. Although B. And C. But D. So
2. I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _____?
A. could he B. didn’t I C. didn’t you D. could they
3. Find ways to praise your children often, _____ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
A. till B. or C. and D. but
4. Bring the flowers into a warm room _____ they’ll soon open.
A. or B. and C. but D. for
5. _____ a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether




答案：

考前巩固
I. (A)
1. is he 2. aren’t I 3. may I 4. didn’t he
5. wasn’t he 6. didn’t he 7. isn’t he 8. won’t they
9. isn’t it 10. doesn’t he 11. do they 12. will you
13. will you 14. did they 15. haven’t they 16. didn’t she
17. did she 18. hasn’t he
(B)
1. doesn’t she 2. usedn’t / didn’t he 3. isn’t it 4. mustn’t I
5. don’t you 6. wouldn’t she 7. aren’t they 8. is there
9. will /won’t they 10. do they 11. will you 12. have you
13. can one 14. will you 15. shall we
II. 1. How nice of you to come!
2. What a pity!
3. What funny clothes she wears!
4. How wonderful the idea is! / What a wonderful idea it is!
5. Isn’t she lovely!
6. How I hate noise!
III. 1~10 ABDCB CBBBB 11~20 DCCDB BCAAA
21~30 AACDD ADDBB 31~40 CDBAD BBDBB
41~50 DACBB DABCB 51~60 CDBCA DBDBC
61~66 BCCCD B

真题链接
1~5 CBCBB