第2讲+快速攻克八类词法错误+2022届高考英语二轮复习+短文改错专项精准讲练讲义

高考英语二轮复习短文改错专项讲练

第二讲 快速攻克八类词法错误

◎1. 谓语动词错误

1. 1. 识别时态是否一致：检查每一个谓语从此时态与上下文及该句时间状语是否一致；检查助动词have/has/had等助动词后面的动词形式是否一致。

1. (2021年全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talking to others. They kept very much to themselves.

2.（2020·新课标I卷）I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

2. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.

3. (2017年全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful information from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!

2. 判断平行或并列结构是否一致:平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常一致。关键一定要辨别清楚and, or等词后的动词与前面那个动词并列。

1.(2021年全国乙卷)  I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.

2.（2020年新课标I卷）I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

3. (2017年全国Ⅲ卷) About one month later after his photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.

4. (2015年全国Ⅱ卷) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.

3. 留心语态错误：构成被动语态的过去分词是否写成了过去式、现在分词；被动语态的句子缺了be或主动语态句子多了be。

1. (2016年新课标I卷) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cook.

2. (2015年新课标I卷) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.

3. (2021 山东模考题) Our class won the second place and our efforts were paid off.

4. 注意主谓不一致情况：主语是单数形式，谓语动词却用复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却用单数形式。

1. (2021年全国甲卷) One of the questions are: Who will you go to in times of trouble? Here are the results.

2. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.

5. 特别注意情态动词的用法：情态动词后接动词原形却接了其它形式或情态动词相互间的误用。

1. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.

2. (2012年 全国课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more practice, I must make my toy last.

◎2. 非谓语动词错误

1. 辨清非谓语动词和谓语动词：当简单句中已经有谓语动词，另一动词不作并列谓语，该动词只能用非谓语动词。

1. (2019 年新课标I卷) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

2. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

2. to do不定式 的两种考法：下列情况要用省略to 的不定式结构作宾语补足语：make/let/have sb do sth；see/watch/notice/hear sb do sth (强调动作的全过程)；下列情况要用to do 不定式结构作宾语或宾补:want/decide/plan/would like to do sth等，want/need/allow/encourage/invite sb to do sth 等。

1.(2021年江西重点高中联考) Please let me to know when you will be free.

2. (2019年 全国全国Ⅲ卷) I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.

3. 作主语或宾语用动词-ing形式或to do 不定式；介词后作宾语用动词-ing 形式，但要注意介词的省略：spend 时间(in) doing sth; be busy(in) doing sth; have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth  。

1. (2021年全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.

2. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.

4. 情感类现在分词doing形容词和过去分词形容词done的区别：前者意为令人...的一般修饰物；后者意为感到...的一般形容人。

 1. (2020 全国Ⅲ卷) My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our family.

2. (2019年全国I卷) I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.

◎3. 形容词和副词的误用

1. 形容词、副词的词性误用：形容词常修饰名词或代词作定语、在主系表结构中作表语来说明主语的情况也可在主谓宾宾补结构中作宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的情况；副词常修饰动词、形容词、另一个副词或整个句子作状语。

1.(2021年全国乙卷)What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.

2. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) Immediate, I raised my hand.

2. 形容词、副词的比较等级的误用：as+形容词/副词原级+as; much/even/far/a little/a bit/a lot+形容词副词比较级+than; the+形容词/副词最高级+in/of/among等。

1.(2021年全国乙卷)What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mental relaxation from study.

2. (2016全国Ⅲ卷) They were also the best and worse years in my life

3. 常见的形容词、副词辨析: hard adv. 努力地；猛烈地/hardly adv. 几乎不；beside 介词 在...旁边/besides adv. 此外；very much 非常/very well 好地；完全地；清楚地；deep 深地（具体）/deeply 深深地（抽象）等。

1. (2019年全国I卷) I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.

2. (2017年全国Ⅱ卷) Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.

4. 注意重点连接副词的误用：however 表转折意为“然而”；therefore 表结果，意为因此。

(2021 模考题)They are usually curious when they firs t arrive a foreign country. Therefore, if they stay for a long time, they may start to feel different stages of culture shock.

◎4. 名词的误用

1. 理清单复数的使用情况：根据句意和语境判断清楚应用名词单数还是复数形式。

1. (2021年全国甲卷)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other.

2. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷) Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.

2. 不可数名词的误用：不可数名词没有复数，前面一般不能用a/an修饰。要牢记常考的不可数名词：advice, news, information, progress, work, fun,weather, music, air, health, luck 等。

1. (2017年全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.

2. (2015年全国Ⅰ卷) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.

3. 名词所有格：应该用名词所有格却没有用或不该用的却误用了名词所有格。

1. (2018 全国2卷) When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.

2. (2011 全国新课标) When I finally arrived at my friend he lend me lots of clothes.

◎5. 冠词的误用

1. a和an 误用: a/an泛指一个, a用于辅音音素开头名词前, 如a university, a unique style; an 用于元音因素的名词前, 如an hour, an honest man, an important person 等。

1.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.

2. (2017年 全国Ⅱ卷) They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.

2. a/an和the误用: the表特指, 一般译为这个或那个, 也常考冠词a/an/the 的固定搭配。

1. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) I still remember how hard first day was.

2. (2015年全国I卷) I miss my home in countryside.

3. 零冠词：有些情况不用冠词，如季节、月份、星期、一日三餐、语言、学科、运动游戏名、by+交通方式、不可数名词或复数名词表泛指等。

1. (2014年全国Ⅱ卷) There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom building.

2. (2021年模拟试题) I usually play the basketball in my spare time.

◎6. 介词的误用

1. 及物动词（vt.）后直接加宾语，无需跟介词；不及物动词（vi.）后需要加介词才能跟宾语。

1. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷) I’m glad to know that you have come China to learn Kong fu in a school in my hometown.

2. (2017 年全国Ⅱ卷) They have also bought for some gardening tools.

2. this/that/last/next/every/each等修饰的时间短语单独作状语前面不加介词。

(2018 年全国1卷) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.

3. 介词搭配误用

1. (2018 年全国Ⅱ卷) Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.

2. (2016 年全国1卷) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.

◎7. 数词的误用（低频考点）

1. 基数词和序数词错用或混用：基数词表数量，序数词表顺序，即第几。

1. (2017年全国Ⅱ卷) In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.

2. (2021年 高三联考) About eighth years ago, I went to visit my grandfather during the summer holiday.

2.in one’s+整十数基数词复数 表示在某人几时多岁时；in the +整十数基数词复数表示在几十年代。

(2018 年全国1卷) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.

3. 介词搭配误用

(2020 年高三联考) Last Sunday, I met a foreigner in her fifty.

◎真题演练

(1)

   My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I love. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some People even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his Success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady．

(2)

The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.