【新高考】2022届高考英语二轮复习巧刷高考题型（所有题型）

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语法填空（5）——2022届高考英语二轮复习巧刷高考题型
一、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deng Yu, a 44-year-old artist from Shenyang. Liaoning province, ①_________(create) a painting of the Monkey King using a bamboo brush last month. Instead of a pencil, Deng Yu draws most of his pain tings with a "bamboo brush. ②_________ (inspire) by Chinese writing brushes, he uses bamboo branches as his brushes, which represents his latest attempt to create unpredictability in splatter effects.
"After trying ③_________ (variety) materials, including paper, plastic and other things, I found the handmade bamboo brush handles the heavy and thick paint ④_________ (successful). On canvas (画布),its effect is close ⑤_________ the art of Chinese calligraphy," the artist said.
Through Western color and Chinese painting techniques, Deng has been looking for ⑥_________ crossing between Eastern and Western art ⑦_________ (style). With the unpredictable painting effects of these tools, he also wants ⑧_________ (defend) the art field in the expansion of artificial intelligence.
His painting technique has gone viral on short video platform Douyin since this month. His breakout video, ⑨_________ his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng (Monkey King) is shown,has won more than 408,000. likes, ​⑩_________ (make) him popular on the platform.
二、阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Can red TV dramas awaken a strong desire in young people ①________ (learn) about China’s revolutionary history? The answer is yes. Chinese TV drama Awakening Age, which narrates the story of how the Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded in 1921, ended several months ago, but it remains a hot topic on social media, ②________discussion shows that it has played a positive role in educating young people about China’s revolutionary history.
The TV series ③________ (celebrate) this year’s 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC has won high praise online. The stories of the young people in the drama — who devoted everything, even their lives, ④________the revolution — have touched a large number of viewers. The storytelling in the show has also been applauded by viewers for successfully showing the ⑤________ (deep) of the CPC’s history and spirit, as well as the warmth of China and every family in the country.
Many audiences ⑥________ (inspire) to find background information about the series and commented that this is their first time to ⑦________ (voluntary) learn the history about the founding of the Party and the country. “I read many of Lu Xun’s novels such as A Madman’s Diary when I was in elementary school, but I couldn’t understand why he wrote them or the angry feelings hiding in the characters. After watching the drama, I read these novels again and found that I can now understand ⑧________they wanted to convey to readers,” said Li Lin, ⑨________18-year-old viewer.
Recently some school teachers ⑩________ (show) video clips(片段)from the series in classes to arouse students’ interest in the time period and help them learn more about history. A junior high school teacher from Taiyuan, in north China’s Shanxi Province, said that this has proven effective as some students told her after class that the show had left a strong impression on them.
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xi'an, or Chang'an as it was called for many centuries, has been a built-up urban area for over 3,000 years, and once ①_________(serve) as capital for 13 dynasties. It is home ②_________ many immovable cultural heritages, three of ③_________ are on the UNESCO 's world cultural heritage list.
These days, the city has made ④_________ (effect) exploration in building modernity while preserving historical legacy(遗产).A recent piece of news ⑤_________ (announce)by Shaanxi's cultural relic authority caused nationwide attention, that a ruin of ancient capital dating back to Qin Dynasty was unearthed during the construction of the Xi 'an MetroLine5.In order to protect the ruin, the metro line may have to change ⑥_________ (it) route.
⑦_________ (face) the heavy and important task of protecting cultural relics while promoting urban construction, Xi’an made active ⑧_________ (attempt). Rails of the metro system are built 15 to 20 meters underground in order to protect the ancient tombs which are ⑨_________ (usual) buried in the layer within 5meters from the surface level. Besides, the metro constructors have also painted the walls inside the stations with historical stories, presenting ​⑩_________ visual feast for citizens.
四、
    The United States has a wide ① _____ (various) of institutions that provide higher education. There are so many options that it can be difficult for international student’s ②_____ (understand) the different choices. One of the more common questions ③_____ (ask) by international students is: What is the difference between a public and a private university?
    A public university ④_____ (fund) by the public through the government of that state, while a private university is not. The most obvious difference is the price. Public universities are ⑤_____ (expensive) than private universities. Private universities can cost well over ​$100,000 for a four-year degree. But compared to public universities, private universities tend to be more geographically "diverse", ⑥_____ (draw) students from many different states as well as other countries because the tuition is ⑦_____ same price for students regardless of whether or not they live in the state ⑧_____ the university is located.
    There are many ⑨_____ (high) reputable private and public universities throughout America. According to US News Best Colleges rankings, the first 19 institutions are private universities. That does not mean that there aren't reputable public universities in the USA. Thus, don't focus only ⑩_____ the rankings.
五、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Martial Arts had its origins in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the following Qin and Han Dynasties, wrestling, swordplay and spear skills became well developed and were popular among civilians and troops. In the Song Dynasty, various schools, boxing styles, movement sets ①_______ weapon skills flourished. We recognize Martial Arts ②_______ Gong Fu or Wushu today, which has many followers worldwide.
Martial Arts is a series of fighting styles ③_______ has developed over a long historical period in China. Nowadays, it ④_______ (regard) as a traditional sport gaining more and more ⑤_______ (popular) and even stands as a representative for Chinese culture. Styles including Shaolin, Tai Chi and Qigong have many followers worldwide. Some westerners think that all Chinese people are Gong Fu masters. That's not true, but this traditional heritage(遗产) has ⑥_______ (it) unique existence in modem times and left much influence on the locals' lifestyle.
Although being fighting styles, Gong Fu ⑦_______ (advocate) virtue and peace, not aggression or violence. This has been the common value ⑧_______ (encourage) by martial artists from generation to generation. With a number of movement sets, boxing styles, weapon skills and some fighting touches , Gong Fu keeps the ⑨_______ (origin) function of self-defense. Now the value in body-building and fitness is also ​⑩_______ (high) appreciated.
六、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Michael Jeffrey Jordan ( born February 17, 1963 ), also ①_______(know)by his initials, M J, is an American former professional basketball player, entrepreneur, and majority owner and chairman of the Charlotte Bobcats. His biography on the National Basketball Association(NBA) website states, “By acclamation (喝彩), Michael Jordan is the ②_______ (great) basketball player of all time.” Jordan was one of the most ③_______ (effective)marketed athletes of his generation and ④_______ (consider) helpful in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.
    After a three-season career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ⑤_______ he was a member of the Tar Heels national championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA’s Chicago Bulls in 1984. He quickly grew as a league star, entertaining crowds ⑥_______ his plentiful scoring. His leaping ability earned him the nickname “Air Jordan”. He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive ⑦_______ (play)in basketball. In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a “three-peat”. Although Jordan suddenly retired from basketball at the beginning of the 1993-1994 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three ⑧_______ (addition) championships(1996, 1997 and 1998)as well as an NBA-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995-1996 NBA season. Jordan retired for ⑨_______ second time in 1999, ​⑩_______ returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards.
七、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government started the “Made in China 2025” project ①_______(recent), which is regarded as a Chinese version of “Industry 4.0 .” The key to ②_______ (achieve) the new industrial revolution is intellectualization (智能化). ③_______ China should do is to improve its level from “made in China” to “ created in China” and to “intelligent manufacturing in China”.
China ④_______ (become) famous as the world’s factory up to now because a huge amount of products made in China have been sold all over the world , and “ Made in China” has been associated ⑤_______ these inexpensive manufactured goods with low technological content. Actually, China has few industries with core technology or independent intellectual property ⑥_______ (right). In many home industries, the dependency on external technology is more than 50 percent, while the percentage is only 5 percent in ⑦_______ (develop) countries, such as the United States and Japan. Many home industries make little money as original equipment manufacturers,  because they don’t have ⑧_______ (they) own independent brands, independent design and independent core technology.
If China wants to move up to the ⑨_______ (globe) industry chain, it has to change from the world’s processing factory to being ⑩_______ invention base for the world. This means promoting the development of industries with independent technology.
八、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More and more students spend the day looking at their personal electronic devices. They are thinking mainly about these devices, and not much ①________. But recent research suggests that using technology during class time may ②________ (significance) harm college students' ability ③________ (process) the subject material they are learning.
In the study ④________ (involve) 118 students who were taking the class in psychology, the students ⑤________ (permit) to use any electronic device as much as they wanted during half of their daily class periods. During the other half, researchers closely watched them to make sure no one was using any technology.
The students' academic ⑥________ (perform) was measured in several ways throughout the term. The researchers found that the average daily quiz results showed no evidence of harmful effects. However, the results of the larger tests and final exam told ⑦________ different story. They showed that all the students performed poorly on questions covering material taught on days ⑧________ they used technology in the classroom. The students hear what the professor is saying. But they might ⑨________ (buy) things online or reading unrelated emails at the same time. So they are not thinking deeply about the subject, which makes ​⑩________ harder for the information to enter their long-term memory.



答案以及解析
一、
答案：1. created2. Inspired3. various4. successfully5. to6. a7. styles8. to defend9. where10. making
解析：
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了辽宁沈阳的一位艺术家用竹刷作画,他努力寻找中西方艺术的交汇点,在人工智能如此发达的现代,他致力于捍卫艺术领域。
【1题详解】考查时态。句意:来自辽宁沈阳的44岁艺术家邓宇上个月用竹刷作画创作了一幅美猴王的画。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语动词,根据last month可知用一般过去时,且create和主语构成主动的关系。故填created。
【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:邓宇没有用铅笔,而是用“竹笔”来画他大部分的苦乐,“他受中国毛笔的启发,用竹枝作为毛笔,这是他最新的尝试,以飞溅的效果来创造不可预测的效果。”根据句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词draws,且空处没有连词,所以此空应填非谓语动词,he和inspire构成被动关系,所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语,位于句首,单词首字母需大写。故填Inspired。
【3题详解】考查形容词。句意:在尝试了各种材料,包括纸张、塑料和其他东西后,我发现手工制作的竹刷能够成功地处理厚重的油漆。空后为名词,应用形容词形式修饰空后的materials。故填various。
【4题详解】考查副词。句意:在尝试了各种材料,包括纸张、塑料和其他东西后,我发现手工制作的竹刷能够成功地处理厚重的油漆。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词handles。故填successfully。
【5题详解】考查固定短语。句意:在画布上,其效果接近中国书法艺术。be close to“靠近;接近”,固定短语。故填to。
【6题详解】考查冠词。句意:通过西方色彩和中国绘画技法,邓一直在寻找一种东西方艺术风格的交叉。分析句意可知,他要寻找中西方艺术形式的一个交叉点,此处表示泛指。故填a。
【7题详解】考查名词的数。句意:通过西方色彩和中国绘画技法,邓文迪一直在寻找一种东西方艺术风格的交叉。表示中西方的艺术形式,名词需用复数。故填styles。
【8题详解】考查动词不定式。句意:凭借这些工具不可预知的绘画效果,他也想在人工智能的扩张中捍卫艺术领域。want to do sth.想要做某事,固定搭配。故填to defend。
【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意:他创作齐天大圣(美猴王)的视频获得了超过40.8万的赞,使他在平台上大受欢迎。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是breakout video,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词has won,所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语,空处动词make与主句之间是主动关系,所以空处需用现在分词短语作结果状语,表示顺承的结果。故填making。
二、
答案：1. to learn2. where3. celebrating4. to5. depth6. were inspired7. voluntarily8. what9. an10. have been showing/have shown
解析：(1)to learn.考查不定式。句意:红色电视剧能唤起年轻人学习中国革命历史的强烈愿望吗?desire后果不定式作后置定语,故填to learn。
(2)where.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:中国电视剧《觉醒年代》讲述了中国共产党于1921年成立的故事。该剧已于几个月前播完,但仍然是社交媒体上的热门话题。在社交媒体上的热烈讨论表明,这部电视剧在提高年轻人对中国革命历史的认识方面发挥了积极作用。先行词为media,在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
(3)celebrating.考查现在分词。句意:这部庆祝今年中国共产党成立100周年的电视剧在网上获得了高度评价。celebrate和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语,故填celebrating。
(4)to.考查介词。句意:剧中的年轻人为革命付出了一切,甚至生命,他们的故事感动了大量的观众。devote....to致力于,为固定搭配,故填to。
(5)depth.考查名词。句意:节目的叙事方式也受到了观众的好评,因为它成功地展示了中国共产党历史和精神的深度,以及中国和每个家庭的温暖。作宾语,所以用名词,表示抽象概念,为不可数名词,故填depth。
(6)were inspired.考查时态语态。句意:许多观众受到启发,去寻找关于该系列的背景信息,并评论说,这是他们第一次自愿学习党和国家的建党历史。inspire和主语之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,描述已发生的事情,所以用一般过去时态,主语为复数名词,故填were inspired。
(7)voluntarily.考查副词。句意:许多观众受到启发,去寻找关于该系列的背景信息,并评论说,这是他们第一次自愿学习党和国家的建党历史。修饰动词,所以用副词,故填voluntarily。
(8)what.考查宾语从句。句意:看完电视剧后,我又看了一遍这些小说,发现我现在能理解它们想要传达给读者的意思了。引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语,表示"……的东西",故填what。
(9)an.考查冠词。句意:29岁的观众李林说。泛指一个,所以用不定冠词,18-year-old是以元音音素开头的,故填an。
(10)have been showing/have shown.考查时态。句意:一些学校老师在课堂上播放了该系列的视频片段,以激发学生对这段时间的兴趣,帮助他们更多地了解历史。recently常和现在完成时态连用,此处表示一直,所以用现在完成进行时或现在完成时,主语为复数名词,故填have been showing/have shown。
三、
答案：1. served2. to3. which4. effective5. announced6. its7. Facing8. attempts9. usually10. a
解析：
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了西安这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时,对建筑代化进行了有效的探索。
【1题详解】考查时态。句意:西安,又称长安,已有3000多年的历史,曾是13个朝代的都城。根据“once”可知,and之后的句子为一般过去时。故填served。
【2题详解】考查介词。句意:这里有许多不可移动的文化遗产,其中三处已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。be home to“某地是……的所在地”故填to。
【3题详解】考查定语从句。句意:这里有许多不可移动的文化遗产,其中三处已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。immovable cultural heritages为先行词,做非限制性定语从句的of的宾语,关系代词为which。故填which。
【4题详解】考查形容词。句意:如今,这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时,对建筑现代化进行了有效的探索。形容词effective修饰名词exploration。故填effective。
【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:陕西省文物局最近公布的一则消息引起了全国的关注,在西安地铁5号线的建设过程中,发现了一处可以追溯到秦朝的古都遗址。本句填非谓语动词,.A recent piece of news与announce在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故填announced。
【6题详解】考查代词。句意:为了保护遗址,地铁线路可能不得不改变路线。形容词性物主代词修饰名词route。故填its。
【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:面对保护文物和推进城市建设的重任,西安作出了积极的尝试。分析句子可知,本句填非谓语动词,Xi’an与face在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Facing。
【8题详解】考查名词。句意:面对保护文物和推进城市建设的重任,西安作出了积极的尝试。attempt为可数名词,无不定冠词修饰和限定,应用复数。故填attempts。
【9题详解】考查副词。句意:为了保护通常埋在地下5米以内的古墓,地铁系统的轨道铺在地下15 - 20米的地方。副词usually修饰动词buried。故填usually。
【10题详解】考查冠词。句意:此外,地铁施工人员还在车站内的墙壁上绘制了历史故事,为市民提供了一场视觉盛宴。feast为可数名词,本句泛指“一场视觉盛宴” , visual首字母的发音为辅音音素。冠词为a。故填a。
四、
答案：①variety②to understand③asked④is founded⑤less expensive⑥drawing⑦the⑧where⑨highly⑩on
解析： ①考查名词。句意：美国提供高等教育的机构种类繁多。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作为has的宾语，由a判断用该名词的单数形式，a wide variety of"各种各样的"，故填variety.
②考查不定式。句意：选择太多了，国际学生很难理解不同的选择。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth."对于某人来说做某事是……"，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，故填to understand.
③考查非谓语动词。句意：留学生提出的一个比较常见的问题是：公立大学和私立大学有什么区别。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语questions和ask之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填asked.
④考查时态和语态。句意：公立大学是由公众通过该州政府成立的。分析句子可知，设空处是主句谓语，结合语境和下文的is判断为一般现在时，主语university和fund之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be应用is,故填is funded.
⑤考查形容词比较级。句意：公立大学没有私立大学那么贵。设空处应填形容词作表语，结合下文的than可知应用该形容词的比较级，根据句意可知，此处意为"不如……贵"，且expensive是多音节词，它的比较级是在前面加less,故填less expensive.
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：但与公立大学相比，私立大学在地理上更为"多样化"，吸引了来自许多不同州和其他国家的学生。分析句子可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是前面的整个句子，它和draw之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填drawing.
⑦考查冠词。句意：因为无论学生是否住在大学所在州，学费都是一样的。形容词same通常和定冠词the搭配，the same price"相同的价格"，故填the.
⑧考查定语从句。句意：因为无论学生是否住在大学所在州，分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词state在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词where,故填where,
⑨考查副词。句意：在美国有许多享有盛誉的私立和公立大学。分析句子可知，此处应用high的副词highly修饰形容词reputable,故填highly.
⑩考查短语。句意：因此，不要只关注排名。此处是固定短语focus on"关注，聚焦在"，故填on.
五、
答案：1. and2. as3. which（that）4. is regarded5. popularity6. its7. advocates8. encouraged9. original10. highly
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国武术的历史起源,发展以及现实意义。
【小题1】考查连词。句意:在宋朝,各种流派、拳击风格、动作套路和武器技巧蓬勃发展。一系列并列成分出现时,前面用逗号隔开,最后一个用并列连词连接。句中various schools, boxing styles, movement sets和后文weapon skills并列作主语,空格处应填并列连词and。故填and。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:我们今天承认Martial Arts为功夫或武术,它在世界各地有许多追随者。recognize sth as sth“承认某事物为某事物”是固定搭配,符合句意。故填as。
【小题3】考查定语从句。句意:武术是在中国发展了很长一段历史时期的一系列战斗样式。分析句子可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为a series of fighting styles,关系代词which或that引导从句,在从句中用作主语,指事物。故填which/that。
【小题4】考查被动语态。句意:如今,它被视为一种传统的体育运动,越来越受欢迎,甚至代表了中国文化。谓语动词regard和主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意,为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填is regarded。
【小题5】考查名词。句意:如今,它被视为一种传统的体育运动,越来越受欢迎,甚至代表了中国文化。分析句子可知,空格处应用popular的名词popularity(不可数),由more and more修饰,作gaining的宾语。故填popularity。
【小题6】考查物主代词。句意:事实并非如此,但这种传统遗产在近代有其独特的存在,并对当地人的生活方式产生了很大的影响。根据空格后的名词短语unique existence可知,此处应用it的形容词性物主代词its限定名词。故填its。
【小题7】考查时态。句意:虽然功夫是一种战斗样式,但它提倡美德和和平,而不是侵略和暴力。根据句意和上下文可知,此处用一般现在时,描述一个客观的事实,主语Gong Fu为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填advocates。
【小题8】考查动词过去分词。句意:这是一代又一代武术家所推崇(鼓励)的共同价值观。非谓语动词encourage和所修饰的the common value之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填encouraged。
【小题9】考查形容词。句意:通过一系列的动作组合、拳击风格、武器技巧和一些打斗技巧,功夫保持了自卫的原始功能。修饰名词function应用origin的形容词形式original。故填original。
【小题10】考查副词。句意:现在,健身的价值也被高度重视。修饰动词appreciated应用high的副词形式highly。故填highly。
六、
答案：1. known2. greatest3. effectively4. was considered5. where6. with7. players8. additional9. a10. but
解析：
这是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会。本文简要介绍了迈克尔•杰弗里•乔丹作为篮球运动员的职业生涯和其主要成就。
1. known考查非谓语动词。此插人语中known作为Michael Jeffrey Jordan的定语,需要用形容词词性的过去分词,表示Michael Jeffrey Jordan以他的名字缩写MJ被广泛所知。因此填known。
2. greatest考查形容词的最高级。表示“迈克尔•乔丹是有史以来最伟大的篮球运动员”,此处应填写形容词great的最高级,因此填greatest。
3. effectively考查词性转换。此处需用副词来修饰形容词marketed,意为“最受市场热捧的运动员”。因此填effectively。
4. was considered考查动词的时态语态。此句意为“在20世纪80年代和90年代迈克尔•乔丹被认为有助于在全世界推广NBA”。迈克尔•乔丹和认为之间存在被动的逻辑关系,因此填was considered。
5. where考查定语从句关系词。where作为关系副词弓丨导非限制性定语从句,修饰地点University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校)。此句意为“乔丹在北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校度过了三个赛季的职业生涯”。因此填where。
6. with考查介词。此句意为“他很快成长为一名联赛明星,以优异的成绩(充足的得分)使比赛更有观赏性(娱乐观众)”。此处需要一个意为“用……,以……”的介词,因此用with。
7. players考查词性转换和名词的单复数形式。此句意为“他也因是篮球界最好的防守队员之一而名声大噪”。the best和defensive两个形容词修饰后面的名词,因此将play转换为player。“one of...”意为“ 之一”,故后面的名词需用复数形式,变为players。
8. additional考查词性转换。“他在1995年重新加人公牛队,并带领他们获得了另外三个冠军”此处 championships名词前需用形容词additional修饰。
9. a考查冠词的用法。“不定冠词+序数词+名词”表示“又一、再一”,本句中“a second time”意为“又一次”。
10. but考査连词。but作为连词,用在两个某种程度上相互对比或矛盾的陈述。此句意为“乔丹在1999年第二次退役,但他又作为华盛顿奇才队的一员,从2001年到2003年中又重返两个NBA赛季' 因此填but。
七、
答案：1. recently2. achieving3. What4. has become5. with6. rights7. developed8. their9. global10. an
解析：
1. 本题主要考查副词。分析句子结构可知,横线处修饰逗号前半句,故应为副词。recent 的副词形式为 recently。句子意为“中国政府最近启动了‘中国制造2025’项目”。故正确答案为 recently。
2. 本题主要考查固定搭配。the key to doing sth 为固定搭配,其中 to 是介词,词组意为“做……的关键”,所以 to 后面的动词要用 ing 形式。故正确答案为 achieving。
3. 本题主要考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,横线处及后面 China should do 是句子的主语,is 是系动词,is 后面的内容是表语。并且横线处在这个主语从句中充当主语成分,意为“中国应该做的是……”,故应填入引导词 what,充当主语成分。且放句首,单词首字母大写。故正确答案为 What。
4. 本题主要考查时态。结合句子中的时间状语 up to now 可知,谓语动词的动作从过去一直持续到现在,并且对现在有一定的影响,所以本句的时态应为现在完成时。主语 China 为单数意义,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故正确答案为 has become。
5. 本题主要考查固定搭配。sth. be associate with ... 是固定搭配,表示“某事被……相关联”。故正确答案为 with。
6. 本题主要考查名词。结合句意,实际上,中国很少有工厂是掌握着核心技术以及自主的知识产权。right 表示“权利”,为可数名词,且此处的权利内容很多,故应用其复数形式 rights。知识产权的专业术语表达为“intellectual property rights”。故正确答案为 rights。
7. 本题主要考查过去分词。结合句意,然而在像美国和日本这样的发达国家占比仅仅只有百分之五。发达国家的表达为“developed country”。用过去分词充当形容词。故正确答案为 developed。
8. 本题主要考查代词。结合句意,因为他们没有自己独立的品牌。分析句子结构可知,空格后的 own independent brands 为名词成分,前为谓语动词,故空格处应为形容词性物主代词。根据主语 they 可知,此处应用 they 的形容词性物主代词 their,意为“他们的”。故正确答案为 their。
9. 本题主要考查形容词。分析句子结构,空格前为冠词,后为名词,故空格处应为形容词。根据括号中的英文提示可知,此处应填入 globe 的形容词 global。故正确答案为 global。
10. 本题主要考查冠词。结合句意,如果中国想要提升……产业链,它不得不从作为世界的生产要素转变为一个(an)世界的创新基地。这里表示泛指,且 innovation 以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词 an。故正确答案为 an。
八、
答案：1. else2. significantly3. to process4. involving5. were permitted6. performance7. a8. when9. be buying10. it
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了越来越多的学生整天盯着他们的个人电子设备。但最近的研究表明,在课堂上使用科技可能会严重损害大学生处理他们正在学习的主题材料的能力。
【小题1】考查副词。句意:他们主要考虑的是这些电子设备,没有太多其他东西。空处形容词much连用表示“别的,其他的”。故填else。
【小题2】考查副词。句意:但最近的研究表明,在课堂上使用科技可能会严重损害大学生处理他们正在学习的主题材料的能力。空处修饰动词harm,需用副词形式。故填significantly。
【小题3】考查非谓语动词。句意:但最近的研究表明,在课堂上使用科技可能会严重损害大学生处理他们正在学习的主题材料的能力。harm为谓语动词,空处需填非谓语动词作定语修饰ability,名词ability后面需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to process。
【小题4】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这项涉及了118名上心理学课的学生的研究中,学生们被允许在每天一半的课时内随心所欲地使用任何电子设备。In the study为介词短语,空处需填非谓语动词作定语修饰study,involve和逻辑主语study之间为主谓关系,需填现在分词形式。故填involving。
【小题5】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在这项涉及了118名上心理学课的学生的研究中,学生们被允许在每天一半的课时内随心所欲地使用任何电子设备。根据上下文语境可知,此处使用一般过去时,主语students 与谓语动词permit之间为动宾关系,需用被动语态,又因主语为复数名词,谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were permitted。
【小题6】考查名词。句意:在整个学期中,学生们的学业表现通过多种方式进行衡量。academic作名词定语,所以这里需要用名词做主语。故填performance。
【小题7】考查冠词。句意:然而,更大型的考试和期末考试的结果却告诉我们一个不同的结果。story为可数名词,此处表示泛指,different发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a。故填a。
【小题8】考查定语从句。句意:他们发现,在学生在课堂上使用科技的日子里,所有学生在涉及他们所学内容的问题上都表现不佳。空处引导定语从句,先行词为days,且在定语从句从作时间状语,需用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【小题9】考查动词时态。句意:但他们可能同时在网上买东西或阅读不相关的电子邮件。根据上文谓语is saying及并列的谓语reading,此处表示动作在进行,又因空前有情态动词might,故接不带to的不定式的进行式。故填be buying。
【小题10】考查形式宾语it。句意:所以他们没有深入思考这个主题,这使得信息进入他们的长期记忆更难。根据句子成分分析,需填it作makes的形式宾语,后面的不定式to enter their long term memory作makes的真正宾语。故填it。