英语Lesson 2 Rules of the Game备课课件ppt

Grammar ——定语从句

探究发现

①When we weren't playing on the court which was next to our building, we were watching a game on TV.

②Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets.

③Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for.

④They were playing against The Bears，a team whose record was perfect.

[我的发现]

1．以上句子中which, who, that和whose是关系代词，引导定语从句。

2．句①中关系代词which在从句中作主语。

3．句②中关系代词who在从句中作主语。

4．句③中关系代词that在从句中作宾语。

5．句④中关系代词whose在从句中作定语。

一、语法图解

二、语法突破

(一)定语从句概述

1．定义：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫作先行词。

2．构成：

3．关系词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as

关系副词：when, where, why

4．分类： 限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句。

5．关系代词的用法

(二)常见关系代词的基本用法

1．who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.

正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。

The girl (who) I met yesterday was his sister.

我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。

2．whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。

The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.

老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。

[名师点津]　(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。

The boy (who/whom) we saw yesterday was John's brother.

昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。

(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。

He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.

他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。

[即时演练1]　用适当的关系代词填空

①Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please.

③This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son.

3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.

桂林是一个有2,000年历史的城市。

The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.

那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。

4．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。

This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.

这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。

Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.

没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。

5．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.

我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。

The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.

特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。

[即时演练2]　用适当的关系代词填空

①Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.

②Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?

③Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.

(三)用that不用which的情况

1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。

All that can be done has been done.

一切能做的都已经做了。

2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.

这是我吃过的最美味的食物。

3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。

Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.

聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。

4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。

She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.

她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。

5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

站在门口的那个人是谁？

6．当关系词在定语从句中作表语时。

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

上海已不是过去那个样子了。

[即时演练3]　补全句子

①This is the most beautiful park that_I_have_visited.

这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。

②We often talk about the persons_and_things_that we remember.

我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。

③I have found the_pen_that I lost yesterday.

我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。

(四)用which不用that的情况

1．在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。

This is the room in which he lives.

这是他住的房间。

2．引导非限制性定语从句时。

Tom came back, which made us very happy.

汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

3．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.

我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。

[即时演练4]　用适当的关系代词填空

①The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

②Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?

维度一　基础题型练

用适当的关系代词填空

1．The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.

2．The most interesting book that I have ever read is Howl's Moving Castle.

3．Do you know the lady that/whom/who our English teacher is talking with under the big tree?

4．He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.

5．The most important thing that we should consider is the first idea which he has mentioned in his speech.

6．My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

7．The bridge on which they were standing collapsed.

8．Women that/who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those that/who don't.

9．This is the building whose windows were all painted green.

10．That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.

维度二　语法与写作

补全句子

1．The house whose_roof_was_damaged in the big fire belongs to my grandparents.

在大火中屋顶被毁坏的那座房子是我祖父母的。

2．I don't know the girl who/whom/that_you_speak_to.

我不认识和你说话的那个女孩。

3．Those boys who/that_are_playing_tennis are my friends.

那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。

4．The day which/that_he_will_never_forget is special for him.

他永远不会忘记的那一天对他来说是特别的。

5．We were discussing how to help the student that/who_was_seriously_ill_in_hospital.

我们正在讨论如何帮助那位病重住院的学生。

6．You can also share your unhappy things with somebody that/who/whom_you_trust and listen to their suggestions.

你也可以与你信任的人分享你的不快，并听听他们的建议。

维度三　语段练习

用适当的关系代词补全下面语段

Michael is my best friend 1.who/that studies very hard. Every day he works until everyone else in my class leaves the classroom. He lives in a big house 2.which/that is near our school. He likes to read the same books as I do. We often play football together on weekends. He has loving parents 3.whose jobs are very busy, but they often invite me to their house. I really value our friendship 4.which/that I think will last forever.