2014-2021年高考英语真题分类训练 专题21 语法填空（教师版含解析）

这是一份2014-2021年高考英语真题分类训练 专题21 语法填空（教师版含解析），共55页。试卷主要包含了 What， undubtedly， htter， astnished， and， aching， mine， a等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2021年高考英语题组
1.（2021年新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What
57. humans
58. undoubtedly
59. hotter
60. astonished
61. was
62. and
63. aching
64. mine
65. a
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
【56题】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
【57题】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
【58题】考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
【59题】考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【60题】考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
【61题】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
【62题】考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
【63题】考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
【64题】考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
【65题】考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
2.（2021年全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】41. was built
42. in
43. to walk
44. spending
45. better
46. hired
47. but
48. the
49. watchtowers
50. daily
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
【41题】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
【42题】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
【44题】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
【45题】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
【46题】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
【47题】考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
【48题】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
【50题】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
3.（2021年全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】61. educated
62. development
63. its
64. until
65. the
66. of
67. visiting
68. financial
69. activities
70. to have
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
【61题】考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62题】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
【63题】考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
【64题】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
【65题】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
【66题】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
【67题】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
【68题】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
【69题】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
【70题】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
4.（2021年1月浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 28． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 29． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 30． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 31． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 34． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36． (live) in the countryside, including 37． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

【答案】
28．and
29．that/which
30．person’s
31．is considered
32．by
33．was
34．Studied
35．sharply
36．living
37．lower
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
28．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
29．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
30．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
31．考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
32．考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
33．考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
35．考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
37．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
5.（2021年6月浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven
37. for
38. marriage
39. smaller
40. was painted
41. herself
42. neither
43. to plant
44. The
45. sold
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
【36题】考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
【37题】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
【38题】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【39题】考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
【40题】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【41题】考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
【42题】考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
【44题】考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
【45题】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
2020年高考英语题组
1.(2020年7月，浙江卷)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1. ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 2. could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3. hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food 4.(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5.(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people 6. (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 7. (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 8. (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 9. rise of science，changes began. New methods 10. (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】
1.in
2.what
3.than
4.was needed
5.to change
6.had discovered
7.seasons
8.making
9.the
10.meant.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
1.考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
2.考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3.考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
4.考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
6.考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
7.考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。
9.考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
10.考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
2.(2020年，新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 11. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 12. until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 13. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 14. opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 15. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 16. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 17. (they) living at a different time in history or 18.(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 19. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 20.people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
11.wealthy
12.or
13.formed
14.which/that
15.are called
16.is
17.themselves
18.walking
19.accuracy
20.for
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
11.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
12.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
13.考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
14.考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
15.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
16.考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
17.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
19.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
20.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
3.(2020年，全国卷I)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 21. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 22. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 23. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 24. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 25. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 26. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 27. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 28. (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 29. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 30. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】
21.touched
22.extremely
23.where
24.interest
25.than
26.to find
27.means
28.is constructed
29.much
30.its
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
21.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
22.考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
23.考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
24.考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
25.考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
27.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
28.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
29.考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
30.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
4.(2020年，全国卷II)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 31. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 32. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 33. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 34. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 35. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 36. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 37. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 38. (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 39. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 40. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】
31.celebration
32.carries
33.coming
34.than
35.decorated
36.Certainly
37.with
38.to care
39.beautiful
40.the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
31.考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
32.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
33.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
34.考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
36.考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
37.考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
39.考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
40.考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
5.(2020年，全国卷III)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist41. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 42. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would43.(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 44. (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 45. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 46. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 47. (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 48. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds49. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 50. earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】
41.whose
42.finest
43.be chosen
44.curiosity
45.When/As
46.pointed
47.to find
48.gently
49.surrounding
50.On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
41.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
42.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
43.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
44..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
45.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
46.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
48.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
49.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
50.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
6.(2020年1月，浙江卷)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 195051.(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected52.(increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the53.(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65；by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven54.two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large55.(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes56.(old)than before. This is57.(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has58.very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should59.(place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier60.more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】
51.was
52.to increase
53.numbers
54.by
55.compared
56.older
57.particularly
58.a
59.be placed
60.and
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题，并分析了其产生的两个原因。
51.考查动词时态。句意：1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
52.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
53.考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。
54.考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
55.考查动词时态语态。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论”，故填compared。
56.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。
57.考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。
58.考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
59.考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形，故填be placed。
60.考查连词。句意：而且，平均而言，他们更健康，更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and，故填and。
2019年高考题
一、2019年高考真题
I.记叙文
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61.
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
62.
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63.
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
65.
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
66.
【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
67.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
68.
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69.
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70.
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64.
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.
【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
69.
【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
70.
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
62.
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
63.
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
64.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.
【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
67.
【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.
【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
4. 【2019·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
56. has/will have
【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
57.the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
58. that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
59. cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily
【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
61. to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
62. improved
【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
63. to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections
【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional
【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
5. 【2019·北京卷】
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的话让他受益终身。
1.voiced
【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填voiced。
2.facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
3.myself
【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
B
Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
4.marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
5.in
【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
6.activities
【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
7. suggests/suggested/has suggested
【解析】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8. where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9. who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
10. meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。

2018年高考题
【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.
【答案】61. longer
62. to see 63. dying
64. is 65. than
66. that \which
67. causes 68. strength
69. energetic
70. it \running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。

63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
66. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。

点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。
【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】61. has grown
62. the 63. actually
64. to improve
65. than 66. pollution
67. global 68. started
69. that/which
70. feeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。

63. 考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. 考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
66. 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
67. 考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70. 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。学科@网
【2018·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【答案】61. which
62. the 63. loudest
64. looking
65. challenged
66. scientist
67. for 68. them
69. meant 70. to stay
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。

64. 考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. 考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。

【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多，其中第2,4,7，10 都为固定搭配，对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题则考查从句，对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如本题为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，所以应该从连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，再根据指人做主语可判断用which。
【2018·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out. I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___62___(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ___63___ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】56. dishes
57. who/that
58. it 59. visiting
60. was shocked
61. have become
62. affordable
63. higher 64. weight
65. for
【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。

60. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
65. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
2017年高考题
语法填空
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67.________ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as　考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
62. effects　考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。

66. worse　考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is　考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating　考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
69. careful　考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
70. which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
【名师点睛】
语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇(短文或对话)中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：
一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；
二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词
例如第62题has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。
无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词
例如第70题it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67.________ every day.
Later, engineers 68.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
61. crowds　考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
62. from　考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
63. laying　考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。
64. the　考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。

70. successful　考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题69】，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。【小题66】，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。 学科*网
考点：考查语法填空
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh­faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A­level course. But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term 61.________ (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 62.________ model in New York.
Sarah 63.________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44，wants her to give up school to model full­time. But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66.________ (educate)．
She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree 68.________ engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69.________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modelling. It is 70.________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”
【文章大意】 文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好，长得漂亮，而且是一名收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持学业和工作两不误。
61. resting　考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。
62. a　考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。

65. to prove　考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。
66. education　考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。
67. invitations　考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
68. in　考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
69. comes　考查动词的时态。根据at the moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。
70. certainly　考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
【名师点睛】语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，则空后需跟名词，比如66题。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。例如67题，several是修饰复数名词的词，所以判断后面用名词的复数形式。
[2017·浙江卷6月考]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57.________ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long­lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58.________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 59.________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65.________ wonder.
【文章大意】 本文是一则小故事，主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在16年前丢失了结婚戒指，现在失而复得的故事。

60. earlier　考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。

【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的57题，“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”，句中a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining 。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。 
考点：考查语法填空
2016年高考题
1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 学科&网
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
【答案】
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。

67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。
68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。
69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。
【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。
70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。
考点：语法填空
【归纳总结】
语法填空题的考查范围：动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。
如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。
解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查(语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确)
2. 了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。
2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。

44.on 考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。
45.as 考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。
46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。
47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。

【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题42】，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。【小题47】，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。 
考点：考查语法填空
3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
【答案】
41. and
42. be made
43. to create
44. using
45. as/when
46. gradually
47. who
48. development
49. were
50. with
【解析】
试题分析：本题主要考查词法和句法知识，集中考查了词性转换，并列句，定语从句，状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。

44.using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
45.as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。
47. who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。

考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句。学科@网
【名师点睛】
语法填空的解题技巧
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：
1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧
首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。
2. 给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词)。比如42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。
3. 词汇转换题解题技巧
这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如46空和48空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。
4.【2016·上海】(B)
Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
【答案】
33. has been regarded   34. that   35. better   36. a   37. you   38. annoyed   39. control   40. to get
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。

34. that  考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
35. better  考查固定句式“The+比较级.....， the+比较级”意为“越....就越.....”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.
36. a  考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
37. you  考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。

【名师点睛】
本文【小题34】考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：
强调句型：“It is(was)＋被强调的部分＋that(who)＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：  
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。  
It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。  
强调句型最重要的句型是： It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分＋ that／ who ＋ 句子的其它成份 。
英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：  
It is they who ／that will have a meeting tomorrow． (强调主语) 
It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow． (强调宾语)
 It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting． (强调时间状语)  
应注意的要点: 
1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)和状语。其中的it 本身没有词义。 
2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that ，而不能用when 或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday． (虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。) 
3．强调句子的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：  
It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds． 
4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。
即It is ．．． that／who．．．和It was ．．．that／who．．．。
如：  It was the way he asked that really upset me．  
5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。
如：  It was in today's newspaper that we found the news． 
去掉It was ．．．that 之后，句子可以整理为:We found the news in today's newspaper． 
这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。  
常见考法: 
1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：  
It was for this reason that he left that school．  
It was in this way that he solved the problem．  
2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：  
It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty． 
3．用 not until 复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：  
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star． 
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began． 
4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：  
It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died．  
5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如： 
Was it during the Second World War that he died？ 
When was it that the sports meeting began？
 It was not Tom that stole the book． 
Wasn't it he that had made a mistake？ 
6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用 is 或 was外 ，还可以在其前面加上 may ／ might ／must 等表示推测的情态动词。
如： It might be him that you met yesterday．
考点：考查语法填空
5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【题文】The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies
46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲的是妈妈熊猫和她的孩子的故事。
41.is loved 句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is loved。
42.recently 副词修饰动词，故填recently。
43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。

48.its 句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。
49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。
50.and 句意：现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列，是一个并列句，故填and。学科@网
考点：考查语法填空
2015年高考试题
1.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62.________ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65.________(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 67.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
[解析]
文章大意：土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。

65. slowly　根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知，这里使用副词修饰动词短语give out。
66. to cool 　结合空格前面的cold enough可知后面使用不定式形式，构成“be＋adj. enough to do sth”的句型。
67. at 　此处是一个固定词组。at the same time与此同时。
68. goes　此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去。The cycle的谓语动词用单数，且为一般现在时。
69. natural　结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，因此填natural。
70. how　根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词，因此填how，引导宾语从句，作figured out 的宾语。
2.[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I 61.________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.
Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到阳朔游玩的经历和感受。
61．arrived 　考查动词的时态。天亮之前“我”到了阳朔，当时天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。
62．before/earlier 　考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。
63．its 　考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。
64．that/which　 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。

69．regularly 　考查副词的用法。该旅游公司定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。这里用副词修饰动词。
70．living 　考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。
3.[2015·广东卷]
Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned __16__ farm, which looked almost abandoned. __17__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __18__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __19__ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass __20__ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she __21__ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living __22__ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __23__ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __24__ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to __25__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是约翰逊先生一家靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法维持生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。最终丰收来临，他将药草和蔬菜卖给镇上的人。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了另一扇门。
16. a　 考查冠词。名词farm第一次出现，表示泛指，故填a。
17. Luckily 　 考查副词。用副词修饰整个句子。
18. for　考查介词。根据句中的exchange可知，用介词for。exchange for交换，兑换。
19. was left　 考查动词的时态和语态。文章中的时态都是用的过去时，what与leave是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

23. to sell 　考查非谓语动词。砍树的目的是卖木头。不定式作目的状语。
24. where 　考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in the market是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。
25. him 　考查代词。It occurred to sb that…某人突然想到……。这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是约翰逊先生的故事，故填him。
2014年高考试题
语法填空
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It __61__(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it __62__(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of __63__ most outstanding examples of environmental clean­up.
But the river wasn't changed in a few days __64__ even a few months. It took years of work __65__(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __66__(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are __68__(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be __70__(patience).
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了当人们遇到看起来不可能做的事情时应该怎样做。短文以治理长期被污染的河流为例，为我们讲述了这样的道理：对于我们大多数人来说，做出改变需要的是努力和耐心。
61. was　上文提到的事情是1969年的事情，所以这里应该用过去式。
62. actually　这里应该用副词来修饰动词caught。actually实际上。

66. cleaner　现在河里的水比以前更清了。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里应该用比较级，故用cleaner。
67. that/which　也许你有一个使你的家人发疯的习惯。这里habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。
68. amazing　空格处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词。amazing令人吃惊的；amazed感到吃惊的。
69. changes　对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。
70. patient　patience是名词，因为空格前有系动词be，所以这里应该用形容词patient。学科*网
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about__61__(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, __62__ some of them looked very anxious and __63__(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next __66__ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike __65__(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused __66__(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept __67__(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“__68__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It's __69__(I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers __70__(sudden) became friendly to one another.
61. being　介词about后使用v.­ing形式，因此用being。
62. and　根据语境可知上下文之间是顺接关系，故用and连接。
63. disappointed　本句的主语是some of them，所以使用形容词作表语。
64. to　next to…在……旁边。
65. caught　根据文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop…”可知本文叙述的是一件过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。
66. to stop　refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。不定式作动词refuse的宾语。
67. riding　keep doing sth不停地做某事 。
68. Did　本句是直接引语，是一个一般疑问句。因为询问的是过去发生的事情，所以使用助动词did。
69. me/mine　此处可以使用名词性物主代词mine，相当于my suitcase。
70. suddenly　此处应该使用副词来修饰句子的谓语动词，在句中作状语。
[2014·辽宁卷]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jonny：Hey！I'm just practising Tai Chi(太极)．Would you like to join me?
Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?
Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.
Peter：OK.Don't laugh __61__ me.I may look funny.
Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and __62__ (soft)．Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become __63__(pain)．
Jonny：Keep __64__(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let __65__ stay in the air for seconds.
Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi __66__(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well __67__ strong.In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The __68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__ you don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep __70__.
【答案】
【小题1】at
【小题2】softly
【小题3】painful
【小题4】holding
【小题5】it
【小题6】is called
【小题7】as
【小题8】harder
【小题9】if
【小题10】breath
【解析】
试题分析：

【小题6】考查被动语态。这句话的意思是：太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing，这里用一般现在时的被动：is called。
【小题7】考查词组as well as。句意：它要求你表现的象水一样，要灵活也要有力。填as

考点：考查语法填空