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U1上 教案 核心知识点梳理（学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）
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这是一份U1上 教案 核心知识点梳理（学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共21页。教案主要包含了进门测试，多元导学，互动精讲，知识梳理1，巩固练习，课堂检测，要点回顾，温故知新等内容，欢迎下载使用。
课程主题：M3U1上核心知识点梳理
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握模块三第一单元Reading部分的核心词汇；
2. 学会灵活运用这些词汇。
教学内容
【进门测试】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
All through history, people from different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. English is made 56. of both grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many57. ________( confuse) rules.
Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland--the Angles and the Saxons58._________ (occupy) Britain. Old English,59. is very different from the English we speak nowadays, consisted of a mixture of their languages.
Middle English was used from around the 12th to the 15th century. Many things, 60._________(especial) the Norman Conquest, contributed to the development of this new type of English. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French 61._________ common people spoke English. In 1399, HenryⅣ became king of England, and he used English for all official events.
Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. It went through huge 62. (change) during this period. However, this was not the end of the changes in 63. English language. It is certain 64. this process will continue. The question of whether English will keep changing in the future is easy 65._________(answer).
【多元导学】
【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】
1. harm n.&vt. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 伤害的→harmless adj. 无害的
(1). n. 伤害，损害。常见搭配
do sb./sth. harm 对某人/某物有害
do harm to...对……有害
There is no harm in doing sth=It is no harm to do sth 做某事是个好主意/没有坏处
Excessive drinking will do you a lot of harm. 饮酒过度非常不利于健康。
The typhoon did great harm to the rice crop. 那次台风对稻谷的收成造成很大的损害。
(2).伤害；损害。常见搭配：
harm one's reputation/image 损害某人的声誉/形象
What he did did harm to his image. 他的所作所为的确损害了他的形象。
归纳拓展:
(1). harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to对……有害(反义短语：be good for对……有好处)
Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟对你的孩子们的健康有害。
(2). harmless adj.无害的
be harmless to...对……无害
(3). harmlessly ade.无害地；无恶意地
巩固练习：
1.单句语法填空
(1). Staring at the screen of the computer for a long time will do harm ________ your eyes.
(2). Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are ___________ (harm)to ocean animals.
(3). The treatment did him more_________ than good, though the doctor insisted it was __________ .(harm)
2.一句多译:
在强光下读书会对你的眼睛造成伤害。
(1). Reading in the strong light will _______ ________ ________ your eyes.
(2). Reading in the strong light will ___________ your eyes ___________.
2. ecosystem n. 生态系统
eco- 生态的；环境的
ecology n. 生态；生态学
eco-friendly 对环境无害的; 环保的
ecologist 生态学家
ecotourism 生态旅游业
maintain the balance of the Earth's ecosystem 维持地球生态系统的平衡
3. overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 adv. 在海外，向国外
overseas students/markets 海外留学生/市场
live overseas/go overseas 在国外生活/出国
He has returned to South Africa from his long overseas trip. 他结束了漫长的海外旅行回到南非。
If you're staying for more than three months or working overseas, a full 10-year passport is required...
在国外工作或居留3个月以上，需要持10年期的护照。
Much of the investment was overseas. 大部分均为海外投资。
4. region n. 地区，区域；行政区
regional adj. 地区的；区域的；地方的
one overseas region of France 法国的一个海外区域
in the region of （表示不确切的数字等）大约，差不多 同义词： approximately
He earns somewhere in the region of €50 000. 他大约赚5万欧元。
We divide into pairs and each pair takes a region 我们分成两人一组，每一组负责一个区域。
5. continent n.大陆，陆地，洲
continental adj.大陆的，洲的
the South American continent 南美大陆
continental drift 大陆漂移
6. million 一百万；许多，大量
搭配：millions of 数百万
6 million 六百万
one in a million 万里挑一的人/物；不同寻常的人/物
It is reported that several million people are starving in the world because of the shortage of food.
据报道，世界上有几百万人因为食物短缺而正在挨饿。
Millions of people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
每天，世界上有数百万人通过电子邮件发送信息。
学法点拨：
(1).当hundred, thousand, million, billion 以及dozen, score等以复数形式存在时，表示泛指的数量，其后
要加of，但前面不能用表示具体数量的词修饰。
(2).当hundred, thousand, million, billion以及dozen, score等以单数形式存在时，其前常用表示具体数量的词或several, some, many, a few等修饰。
巩固练习：
①. The local government brought in ________________ (五百万) dollars last year to develop the economy.
②. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that _______________(数百万人) pour in every year.
③. The ______________(三百) workers on strike were surprised to see that __________________ (数千)people were on the b street to support them.
④. I bought _____________(好几十个) eggs today.
7. length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
搭配 at length 详尽地；=in detail; 充分地；最后；终于
in length 在长度上
go to great lengths (to do sth.) 尽一切可能/不遗余力(做某事)
for a length of time 相当长的一段时间
two meters in length/width/height/depth = two meters long/wide/high/deep 两米长/宽/高/深
Each class is 45 minutes in length. 每一节课为45分钟。
We have already discussed this matter at length. 我们已经详细地讨论了这个问题。
They go to great lengths to shelter the homeless. 他们竭尽全力为无家可归者提供住所。
long adj.长的
lengthen v.(使)变长
联想：
long→length→lengthen
strong→strength→strengthen
high→height→heighten
wide→width→widen
deep→depth→deepen
巩固练习：
1. 单句语法填空:
①. The fish can grow to_________ length of four feet.
②. The___________ (long)of your talk must be at least 10 minutes.
③. Can you help me ___________(length) this skirt?
2. 完成句子:
④. The broad river is 300 miles ___________(在长度上).
⑤. He told us how he had worked out the budget ____________(最后).
⑥. We will_________________ (尽一切可能)to help you out of trouble.
8. biodiversity n.生物多样性
biology n. 生物学 → bio-生物的;人生的
biotechnology n. 生物科技
biochemistry n. 生物化学
diversify 使多样化 vt. → diverse 多种多样的adj.→ diversity n. 多样化；差异性
9. species n. (pl. species) 种；物种
the diversity of species 物种的多样性
a species of flowers 一种花
many species of flowers many species of flowers
10. variety n.不同种类；变化，多样化；变种，变体。常见搭配：
a variety of 各种各样的
varieties of 各种各样的
This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 这个工具有多种用途。
A variety of hooks are used, each for a different kind of fish.
各种各样的鱼钩被使用，每种对应不同种类的鱼。
特别提醒:
(1). a variety of 中的variety 可用 great, large, huge, wide等词修饰。a variety of = varieties of,后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。
(2). “a variety of +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；“the variety of+复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
(3). a variety of/varieties of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，偶尔也可用单数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
归纳拓展:
(1). vary vi.变化；改变
vary with 随着……而变化
vary in 在……方面变化/不同
vary from..to..…从……到……变化
vary between… and.…在……和……之间变化
(2). various adj.各种各样的；各种不同的
(3). variously adv.各种各样地
单句语法填空
(1). Rooms vary ___________ size and some are equipped with televisions and telephones.
(2). The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss ________(vary) issues.
(3). The island offers such a wide __________(vary) of scenery and wildlife.
(4). Every solid object will reflect a sound, _____________(vary) according to the size and nature of the object.
11. beneath prep.在...下方；在...下面; 配不上
①.在那幅画的下方 beneath the painting
②.被白雪覆盖的大地 the earth lying beneath a blanket of snow
③.他们认为她下嫁了。 They thought she had married beneath her.
12. mass adj. & n.
(1). adj.大批的，广泛的
a mass marketing campaign 大规模营销活动
weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器
Their latest product is aimed at the mass market. 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。
(2). n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群
a mass of/masses of 大量,许多
搭配 the mass of.………中的大多数
the masses 群众
a huge mass of data 大量资料
A mass of books/masses of books were sent to Project Hope. 大量的书籍被送往了希望工程。
The sky was full of dark masses of clouds. 天空中乌云密布。
I've got masses of work to do. 我有一大堆的工作要做。
The reforms are supported by the mass of the population. 改革得到了大多数人的支持。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of _______________________（民众）.
②. The reforms are unpopular with___________________________(大多数教师).
③. Now that you have______________（一大堆的工作) to do, you don't have to help me with the housework.
④. Some countries are faced with ____________(大批人失业的问题).
单句语法填空
⑤. Masses of evidence _____________(show)that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a
mass of citizens (be) _____________________ in favor of this idea.
13. towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
①.高大的古老阔叶林 towering ancient hardwoods
②. 出色的表演 towering performance
tower vi. tower over/ above 高于；超过；胜过；远远超过
①. He towered over all his classmates. 他的个儿比班里其他同学都要高。
②. She towers over other dancers of her generation. 她远远超过同时代的舞蹈演员。
14. living
(1). adj.活着的；活的；在使用的。常见搭配：
all living things 所有生物
(2). n.生计，谋生；生活方式。常见搭配：
earn/make a living 谋生
earn one's living 谋生
living conditions/standards 生活条件/水准
辨析比较 live, alive, living 与 lively
live: 意为“活着的；健在的”，一般指物；还可表示“现场直播的”，做定语或表语
alive : 意为“活着”，既可指人也可指物，多做表语、后置定语或宾补
living: 意为“活的；活着的”。the living 活着的人
lively: 意为“活泼的，生气勃勃的；(思想)活跃的；(描写等)生动有趣的”。
a lively boy 一个活泼的男孩
people alive 活着的人
a lively discussion 热烈的讨论
live animals 活动物
live music 现场演奏的音乐
巩固练习：
选词填空：living/alive/live/lively
(1). He was buried __________in the earthquake.
(2). The cat was playing with a___________ mouse.
(3). The _____________are more important to us than the dead.
(4). All the soldiers were killed in the battle. He was the only man ________________.
(5). It will be the biggest _______________ concert that we have ever seen.
(6). The lessons given by Miss Li are always _______________ and interesting.
15. survive
(1). vi.生存；存活。常见搭配：
survive on … 依靠……生存
survive from 从……中存活下来
I can't imagine how he could survive on his small salary.
我无法想象他是如何靠他那微薄的薪水维持生活的。
Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. 一些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
(2). vt.幸存；幸免于难；比……活(或存在)的时间长。
常见搭配：survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
A survive(s)B by... A 比B多活……
He was the only person to survive the accident. 他是这次事故的唯一幸存者。
She survived her husband by ten years. 她比她的丈夫多活了10年。
归纳拓展:
survivor n. 幸存者;生还者
survival n. 幸存；生存
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
(1). Mastering some basic skills greatly increases your chances of _______________(survive).
(2). Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in__________(survive)the terrible flood and they were the only two ______________ (survive).
(3). My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa ______________ ten years.
16. in turn: 相应地，转而，反过来；轮流; 依次
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论是建立在实践的基础上，反过来为实践服务。
The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们依次自报姓名。
归纳拓展:
in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
take turns to do sth./ (at) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
It will be in Tom's turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到汤姆值日。
We take turns making/to make dinner. 我们轮流做饭。
It's your turn to clean the blackboard. 轮到你擦黑板了。
学法点拨:
by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. We clean the classroom every week _______ turn.
②. ____________ is my turn to clean the room.
③. They took turns _____________ (look) after their parents.
④. It's my turn ___________(deliver) a speech in public.
⑤. They took care of their sick father _________________ turns.
完成句子
⑥. Thus they have, ____________________________(接着)，become the most important animals on the planet.
⑦. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ________________(反过来)
creates more problems.
17. break down: 使分解；使变化；(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；
(谈判等)失败；破坏，消除
（1). (使)分解
Enzymes in the stomach break our food down into useful substances.
胃中的酶把我们的食物分解成有用的物质。
(2). (机器或车辆)出故障，坏掉
Our car broke down all of a sudden on the road. 我们的车突然在路上出了故障。
（3). (身体）垮掉，被搞垮
If Tim carries on working like this, he'll break down sooner or later.
如果蒂姆继续这样工作，他的身体迟早会垮掉。
(4). (讨论、谈判等)失败；破裂
She was unwilling to stay in America after her marriage broke down.
在她的婚姻破裂后，她就不愿意待在美国了。
(5). 消除，驱除(人与人之间的隔阂等)
It takes a long time to break down prejudices. 消除偏见需要很长的时间。
归纳拓展:
break away (from) 脱离，背叛
break out 爆发
break in 打断(谈话) ; 插嘴，打断；破门而入
break through 突破；克服
break into 破门而入
break up 解散；结束; 分手
We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.
早上我们到达工作地点时发现有人在（前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。
The police came and broke up the crowds. 警察来了，把人群驱散了。
巩固练习：
写出句中 break down的含义
①. Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination. _________________
②. Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. _________________
③. Men are left idle when machines break down. _________________
④. You will break down if you take on more work than you can. _________________
⑤. Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. _________________
单句语法填空
⑥. Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_____________ in disasters.
⑦. As she was talking, he suddenly broke _____________，saying, “That's a lie!”
⑧. They had escaped to America before the war broke ______________
⑨. At last the moon broke ________________ the clouds and they could see their way.
18. breathe life into给…·…带来起色，注入活力
We need some new people to breathe life into this project. 我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。
归纳拓展:
breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
归纳拓展：
come to life 苏醒过来；变得更有趣
give one's life to do sth./for sth. 为(做)某事献出生命
devote one's life to(doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
lead/live a(n) ..life 过着…日子/生活
The doctor told her to breathe in deeply and then breathe out. 医生告诉她深吸一口气，然后将气呼出。
He gave his life for the cause of peace. 他为和平事业献出了生命。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. 神话就是靠想象来赋予生命的。
Myths are made for the imagination to __________________________ them.
②. 他为拯救藏羚羊献出了生命。
He had _______________________________ to save the Tibetan antelope.
③. 过了很长时间，那位伤员才苏醒过来。
The injured _________________________________ after a long time.
④. 他致力于教育生活在山区的孩子们。
He__________________________________ the children who lived in the mountainous areas.
19. thus adv. 因此，从而，这样
①. 大学扩招了，这样就使更多的人有机会接受高等教育。
The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
②. 我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此我们不能卖它。
We do not own the building. Thus, we can't sell it.
③. 他的腿受伤了，因此没能准时到那。
He hurt his leg and thus failed to get there on time.
20. disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→ disappearance n.
appear vi. 出现 → appearance n. 出现，外貌
①.从视线中消失 disappear from view/sight
②.消失在远处 disappear in the distance
disappear behind/into 消失在……后/中
disappear from sight/view 从视线中消失
The plane disappeared behind clouds. 飞机消失在云层后。
David watched until the train disappeared from sight/view. 戴维一直看着火车从视线中消失。
My keys have disappeared again. 我的钥匙又不见了。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. They watched the bus until it _______________________(disappear) in the distance.
②. The train disappeared _____________________view and I knew my best friend would never come back.
完成句子
③. 那个陌生人消失在黑暗中。That stranger the dark.
21.due to=because of=as a result of=on account of= owing to=because of 因为,由于
Our sports meeting had to be put off due to the heavy rain. 因为这场大雨，我们的运动会不得不推迟。
归纳拓展:
(be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
be due to do sth. 预定做某事
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
The next train is due to arrive in five minutes. 下一趟火车预计五分钟之后到达。
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
(1). Her failure in the speech was largely due_________ her nervousness.
(2). Mistakes due to __________ (careless) may cause serious problems.
(3) .The sports meeting, originally due to ____________(hold) last Friday, was finally called off because of the bad weather.
22. agriculture n. 农业，农学
agricultural adj.农业的，农学的
the development of agriculture 农业的发展
agricultural societies 农业社会
23. cattle n.牛 （虽单数形式，但是复数）
a head of cattle
20 heads of cattle
24. impact n.&v
(1). n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
have/ make a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响
the impact of..……的影响
The teacher's words always have a deep impact on the future of the students.
老师的话总会对学生的将来产生深远影响。
We become to realize the environmental impact of tourism. 我们逐渐意识到旅游业对环境的影响。
(2). vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
impact on/upon 对……产生影响
Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. 父亲去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. Every teardown has ____________ impact on the look and feel of a community.
②. Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact _____________ the recession.
③. One of the most basic core values is honesty. It _____________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take.
完成句子
④. These costs will ___________(极大地影响) our profitability (利润).
⑤. They say they expect the meeting to _______________________ (对…有显著影响） the future of the country. (impact n.)
25. extinction n. 灭绝，绝种
extinct adj. 不再存在的，已灭绝的
一个已灭绝的物种 an extinct species
有消亡危险的部落 a tribe in danger extinction
26. damage n.& v.
(1). n.[U]损坏，破坏；损害，伤害
do/cause damage to 对……造成损害
The thunderstorm didn't do much damage. 雷暴并未造成严重损失。
The terrifying earthquake caused severe damage to a lot of buildings.
可怕的地震对许多建筑物造成了严重破坏。
(2). vi.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害
damage sb.'s career/reputation 损害某人的事业/名誉
Smoking severely damaged his health. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。
Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake. 几幢建筑物受到地震破坏。
词语辨析: damage ,destroy 与ruin
damage: 指损害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，但这种破坏具有可修复性。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。
destroy：常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的破坏、毁坏，程度较深；也可以指希望、计划等打破。只能用作动词，名词为 destruction。
ruin： 指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使其“荒废，毁坏”以致无法恢复原状，强调该物的使用价值发生了问题。可以作名词，也可以作动词。常用短语是in ruins,表示“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪”
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____________(damage) seriously.
②. When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage the__________ nearby towns.
③. Damage _____________(cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored.
完成句子
④. The accident __________________________(对……造成了一些损坏) my car, but it was nothing serious.
⑤. He won't do anything that may___________________________ (损害他的名誉).
辨析填空: (ruin/damage/destroy)
⑥. The school was completely ______________________by fire.
⑦. The boys skirted (绕开，避开) the field so as not to__________________ the crops.
⑧. It rained for several weeks, completely ___________________________our holiday.
27. build up
(1). 渐增加
Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination inmy career.
他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。
(2). 建立
We built up this business after ten years' struggle. 经过10年拼搏后我们建立了这家公司。
(3). 开发
It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.
我花了十年的时间来开发我的业务，这个几乎要了我的命。
拓展:
build (oneself) up to sth. 为……作准备
build oneself up 增强体质
巩固练习：
写出句中 build up的含义
①. It takes time and lots of effort to build up trust. But we manage it in the end. _________________
②. Taking exercise helps us build up our bodies and keep a clear mind. _________________
单句语法填空
③. Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build _______ one's strength, but also develop one's character.
完成句子
④. These chemicals in the food supply______________ (堆积，增加) in people's bodies over time.
⑤. He does weight training to_____________(增加)his physical strength.
28. application n.应用，运用；申请
job application 求职申请
an application form 申请表
归纳拓展:
(1). apply (applied; applied) v.申请；应用；使用；勤奋工作；努力学习
apply (to..…)for.. (向……)申请……
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply sth. to… 把某物应用于……；把某物涂到……
apply to 适用于……(to 为介词)
apply oneself to (doing)sth. 致力于/专心于(做)某事
(2). applicant n.申请人
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
(1). Now researchers are scientific methods _______________ the study of the art.
(2). John and hundreds of young people like him are applying _________________the post of the typist.
(3). Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to_______________ (solve) problems in industry.
(4). The new technology, if ________________(apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
29. spring to mind 马上想到，突然记起(或想到)
If you refer to “Hawaii”, a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may spring to mind.
如果你提到“夏威夷”，美丽海滩和蓝色海洋的景象可能就会立刻浮现在脑海里。
归纳拓展:
bear/keep...in mind 记住……
lose one's mind 失去理智
bring..to mind 使……想起
come to mind 突然想起
change one's mind 改变主意
make up one's mind 打定主意；下定决心(mind的形式随one的单复数变化而变化)
concentrate one's mind on / upon.. 集中注意力于………，专注于…
Please bear/keep in mind that time will change everything. 请记住时间会改变一切。
We have made up our minds to take a trip to Australia or Thailand. 我们已经决定去澳大利亚或泰国旅行。
学法点拨:
spring n.春天；弹簧；泉 v跳；反弹 (sprang, sprung)
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
①. I can't seem to spring ___________mind the name of the bookshop where I bought the book.
②. After graduation from college, they made up their minds __________(go) and settle in the countryside.
③. We have made up our ______________(mind) to go on a journey to Tibet.
完成句子
④. We need to _________________________________(记住) what our goals are.
⑤. His father is a very stubborn person. Once he decides to do something, you can never_________________
________________(改变他的主意).
⑥. Don't be absent-minded. Please ______________________(集中注意力于……) the experiment.
30. track v&n.
(1). v跟踪，追踪
The thief was closely tracked by the police. 那个小偷被警察严密地跟踪。
(2). n.轨道；跑道；(人、兽的)足迹；(车辆的)轨迹
keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系
lose track of 不了解……的动态；与…失去联系
on the track 在轨道上
Bank statements help you keep track of where your money is going.
银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. I tried to get my life back _____________the track after the accident.
②. He followed the ____________(track) of a car to the edge of the lake.
③. How effectively it is working can _________________(track)by monitoring someone's heart rate as he
breathes in and out.
完成句子
④. The police have_________________ (与……失去联系)the criminals.
⑤. My mother is trying ___________________(了解……的动态)the money we're spending.
31. nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不
go/get nowhere 毫无进展；一无所获
lead/get(sb.) nowhere 没有结果
nowhere to be seen 哪儿也看不到
nowhere near 离……差得远，远谈不上
This animal is found in Australia, and nowhere else. 这种动物在澳大利亚被发现，别处没有。
The new book you need is nowhere to be found. 你要的那本新书什么地方都找不到。
The hall was nowhere near full. 大厅远未满座。
学法点拨:
nowhere 含有否定意义，置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。
Nowhere else could we find the missing wallet. 我们在其他任何地方都没能找到丢失的钱包。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. The tall man was nowhere ___________________(see).
完成句子
②. There's________________________ (没有别的地方) I really want to go to.
③. It's __________________________(离…差得远) the collar I'm looking for.
④.哪里都找不到这样便宜的房子了。
Nowhere else _____________________such a cheap house.
同义句转换
⑤. That kind of talk will be no good to you.
=That kind of talk will_______________ _____________ ________________
32. get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉（表动作)
You should get rid of the bad habits. 你应该改掉坏习惯。
It's time we got rid of all these old toys. 我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
I can't get rid of this cough. 我咳嗽老是不好。
归纳拓展:
rid...of 使……摆脱或除去:
rid oneself of debt 还清债务
be rid of 摆脱
She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs. 她在努力摆脱对药品的依赖。
知识链接:
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
warn sb. ofsth. 警告某人某事
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 医好某人的病
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
(1). We are trying to rid our company _______________these debts.
(2). He struggles to rid___________ (he) of his fears.
(3). I can't _________________rid of this headache.
33. protest vi.抗议，反对 vt.申辩，坚持声称
protest against sth. 抗议某事
protest that... 坚持说……
Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision. 许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定。
Sarah protested that she didn't lie to her teacher. 萨拉坚持说自己没有向老师撒谎。
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
①. The workers went on strike ________________ (protest) against the economic policy of the government.
②. There is no point in _______________(protest). It won't help much.
③. Thousands of people crowded into the street,________________(protest) against the war.
34. profit n.&v
(1). n.利润，收益；好处
make/earn a profit 盈利
Unfortunately, the research was limited to increasing economic profits, rather than protecting the environment.
不幸的是，这项研究只局限于增加经济利益，而不是保护环境。
(2). vi.&vt.获益，得到好处
A profit B (A 使B获益)=B profit from A (B从A中获益)
I hope the lesson will profit you.
= I hope you will profit from the lesson. 我希望你能从这次教训中获益。
巩固练习：
写出句中 profit的含义
①.I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example. ________________
②. On the basis of our sales' forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year. ________________
③. I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. ________________
④.I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience. ________________
单句语法填空
⑤. You can profit __________listening to a wise man.
⑥. We can make ______________profit from what you said.
35. defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
in defence of 保卫……;为………辩护
defend...against/from... 保卫……免受……
The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country. 士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument? 有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
The area's flood defences need repairing. 该地区的防洪设施需要整修。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. They were fighting like lions in defence _______________ their homeland.
②. As a famous politician once said, attack is the best method of ______________(defend).
③. The PLA defends our motherland_____________________ being attacked.
36. process n.& vt.
(1). n.［C]进程，过程
in the process of (doing) sth.在(做)某事的过程中搭配
in the process 同时，在……过程中
in process 在进行中
We're in the process of selling our old furniture. 我们正在出售自家的旧家具。
I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process. 我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。
(2). vt.加工，处理
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. I'm afraid getting things changed will be _____________slow process.
②. All the information was then ready________________ (process) into film negatives.
③. Care of the soul is a gradual process _________which even the small details of life should be considered.
④. More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be __________________(process).
完成句子
⑤. The company is_______________________(在……过程中)moving to new offices.
⑥Studies have shown that the right and left ear________________________（处理声音）differently.
⑦. Your application for the position is__________________________（在进行中).
37. economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
economic development 经济发展
an economic crisis 经济危机
It is reported that 3 percent economic growth was the government's aim.
据报道，3%的经济增长是政府的目标。
词语积累:
economy n.[C]经济(情况)；经济制度；[C，U]节约，节省
economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的
an economical method of heating 一种经济的供暖方法
38. recycle vt.回收利用，再利用
recycle paper/glass 回收报纸/玻璃
We need to think more about recycling our waste 我们需要多考虑回收利用垃圾。
Waste materials from the dustbins can be recycled and processed. 垃圾箱里的废料是可以回收和处理的。
词语积累:
recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的
recycling n. 再循环
Saving and recycling are long-term projects where determination
matters a great deal 节省和回收都是长期项目，其中决心很重要。
39. former adj.以前的，从前的；前任的n.前者
He was very happy to see his former friends in the bookstore. 在书店见到他以前的朋友他很高兴。
Of swimming and football he prefers the former. 在游泳和足球运动中他更喜欢前者。
归纳拓展:
latter adj.后者的,后面的
the former...the latter... 前者……后者……
40. official n.&adj.
(1). n. [C]官员；要员；高级职员
a government official 政府官员
bank officials 银行职员
More than one official has served the people heart and soul. 不止一个官员全心全意为人民服务。
(2). adj.公职的；公务的
Please don't disturb the official duties. 请不要打扰公务。
(3). adj.官方的；正式的
English is an official language. 英语是官方语言。
词语积累:
office n. [C,U]办公室；(政府部门的)部，局；公职，官职，公务；职责
take office 就职
officer n.[C]工作人员；军官；警察，执法人员
officially adv.官方地；正式地
41. consequence n.结果,后果；重要性
take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/ 面临(某事的)后果
as a consequence of = in consequence of 由于(= as a result of)
as a consequence = in consequence 因此，结果(= as a result)
of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的
The high level of consuming mutton has produced consequences of a higher price.
对羊肉的高消费量产生的结果是价格更高。
The gifted writer reckoned that the loss of his manuscripts would lead to serious consequences.
这位天才作家认为，他手稿的丢失将导致严重的后果。
As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. __________________________(由于) his being absent, the manager didn't subscribe to his being promoted.
②. The problem of global warming is very serious. ____________________(因此)，sea level has risen a little.
③. I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to _______________(承担后果).
④ As far as I'm concerned, your opinion is ___________________________(不重要)to her.
42. further adj. / adv. & v.
(1). adj.更多的，更进一步的
They believed there were likely to be further attacks. 他们认为有可能会有更多的袭击。
(2). adv.较远，更远；进一步
Now we live further away from the city center. 我们现在住得离市中心更远了。
(3). v.促进，增进
With the fight against piracy furthered, more and more people find that authentic CDs and DVDs deserve buying.
随着抵制盗版战役的推进，越来越多的人发现原版的CD和DVD值得购买。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. Measures must be done to prevent the world economy from _______________________(进一步被威胁).
②—Your uncle speaks English very fluently.
—Sure. He__________ (深造) in London for three years when he was a teacher ten years ago.
③. The astronauts found that as the spaceship_________________(走得越来越远) into space, it became more and more difficult to control its own movements.
【巩固练习】
一、根据句意并结合汉语或首字母提示填写单词。
1. There are ______（百万）of people dying of heart diseases.
2. The snake usually reaches a _______ (长度) of 100 cm.
3. Apples come in a great many ____ (品种，种类).
4. The boat sank ______ (在…下面) the waves.
5. The sky is full of dark _______ (团，块，堆)of clouds.
6. The mountain gorilla is on the verge of ______(灭绝).
7. He remains a _____ (出色的) figure in rock and roll.
8. The product is sold both at home and _______ (在海外，向国外).
9. All dogs are capable of doing h _______ to human beings.
10. Increased production will, in t _________ , lead to increased profits .
11. Her speech had a profound i __________ on everyone.
12. We need more people to b ____ life into this programme.
13. Lisa was sick this morning. T ____ , she was late for school.
14. The flight was cancelled d ______ to bad weather.
15. Sugar and starch are b _______ down in the stomach.
16. All the pressure b ____ up and he was off work for weeks with stress.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Fruit juices can be (harm) to children’s teeth.
2. His only chance of (survive) was a heart transplant.
3. Police are investigating the (disappear) of key files on the killers.
4. France is the world’s second biggest exporter of (agriculture) products.
5. There are (variety) kinds of food in the store.
6. The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian (region) cuisine.
7. He died six weeks later of a (mass) heart attack.
8. Father never talked about what he did for a (live).
9. There is a need for a greater (diverse) and choice in education.
10. She (towering) over other dancers of her generation.
三、单项选择。
( ) 1. The forest was with different animals and considered to be home to them.
A. living;a B. living;/ C. alive;a D. alive;/
( ) 2. It was a crisis she was totally unprepared.
A. which B. for which C. on which D. that
( ) 3. I am willing to help you, I do not have much time available.
A. Since B. For that C. While D. When
( ) 4. Police used tear gas to a demonstration.
A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break in
( ) 5. Theory is based on practice and serves practice.
A. in return B. in exchange C. in turn D. in fact
【课堂检测】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The outbreak of the COVID-19 is unfortunate. If you were in Wuhan or have been in contact with people who were there in the last 14 days and now you feel sick with fever, cough, or difficulty breathing. don't panic.___36___
Seek medical advice—Call ahead before you go to a doctor's office or emergency room. Tell them about your recent travel and your symptoms. Follow their professional instructions.
___37___ The virus is said to spread prson-4o-person, s0 it is advisable for you to stay indoors and carry out a 14-day quarantine.
Do not travel while sick. You may easily spread the disease or if there are those who have more severe symptoms, it may bring on yours.___38___
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing. ___39___ So for your and other’s sake, please do as you are advised. On the other hand, if you see people do so, it is wise lo keep a distance.
Wash your hands with soap and water immediately alter coughing, sneezing or blowing your nose. ___40___ But if soap and water are not readily available, you can use an alcohol—based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Always wash hands with soap and water if hands are visibly dirty.
A. Avoid contact with others.
B. You may also ask for medical help.
C. There were many difficult questions.
D. There are a few ways to help you with the situation.
E. Personal sanitation effectively reduces chances of infection.
F. It has been proved that the virus easily spreads through sneezing.
G. Plus there are travel bans from many governments, and airlines have restrictions to.
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
This is a list of places to spend the 2020 Olympics if you aren't going to Japan.
Australia
The fact that the summer Olympics fall during Australia's winter season is worth keeping in mind for two reasons: it makes traveling there cheaper, and it's still not too cold. As far as the Olympics are concerned, there will be no shortage of opportunities to watch the Games in between your various explorations of the country and its limitless activities.
Thailand
Thailand is a breathtaking place 10 spend some time during any summer, and provides a perfect setting for Olympie viewing: You can go scuba diving one morning before watching sports all afternoon, or simply duck out for world-famous street food in between events. But Thai sports fans may also be taking extra interest in the Olympics these days.
United States
The U.S. is likely to be as interested in the Olympics as any other nation, given is collection of athletes who will be taking center stage. You can rest assured it won't be difficult to watch the Games no matter where you're visiting specifically. This leaves you with all sorts of fun options. You can visit a luxury ski resort town like Aspen, which turns into a gorgeous hiking destination in the summer.
Great Britain
Not unlike the U, s. Britain will make for a fun place to spend the 2020 Olympics because there's a great deal of national interest in a number of different sports, and the local athletes are expected to be competitive. Summer can also be a good time to be in Britain in general," with relatively mild temperatures allowing for full exploration of the country. That means you can stay in the beautiful Lake District if you like, hiking or kayaking when you're not watching the Games.
21. What is special about Australia as a destination in an Olympic summer?
A. Its season. B. Its activities.
C. Its sports. D. Its scenery.
22. Which country can you go to if you are a street food lover?
A. Australia. B. Thailand.
C. United States. D. Great Britain.
23. What do the U. S. and Britain have in common as fun places to spend the 2020 Olympics?
A. They both have a pleasant temperature. B. They are both interested in the Games.
C. They both own lots of sports centers. D. They are both English-speaking countries.
B
While many parents allow children free reign of the internet at home, it's a common debate in education circles on how —and if— digital devices (数码设备) should be allowed at school.
Some school districts have seen great improvements by allowing digital devices in the classroom. One thing is clear: if digital devices are allowed, there should be guidelines and rules in place.
Students need to be taught online safety, the use of judgment in determining god quality sources of information, and restraint from personal use in the classroom. In other words, they need to learn all about digital literacy and digital citizenship.
There are many resources for teaching these concepts, and a great place to start is the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). Their comprehensive standards focus on the skills and qualities students should have in order to be successful in the digital world. ISTE. also teamed up with Google and developed an online digital citizenship game called Interland. It educates kids about digital citizenship in interactive ways. Students learn how to be god digital citizens as well s how to combat hackers and bullies.
If a school is going to allow and/or encourage the use of digital devices in the classroom, then teachers also need proper support in terms of training, professional development，and curriculum. They can start with curriculum and PD resources such as those provided by Common Sense Media, but in order to fully utilize them, teachers need time to plan and cooperate with each other. Digital devices should only be used when there are specific goals in mind, focusing on student safety, digital citizenship, and critical thinking.
24. What does the underlined word “restraint” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Self-control. B. Self-respect.
C. Self-destruction. D. Self-service
25. Which of the allowing about ISTE is TRUE?
A. It focuses on the skills and qualities teachers should have.
B. It worked with Google and developed an offline game.
C. It educates kids about citizenship in traditional ways.
D. It helps students learn proper online behavior.
26. If digital devices are allowed at school, teachers need to______.
A. provide good resources B. cooperate with governments
C. spend time training students D. receive support in many forms
27. What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To comment on the phenomenon of mobile phone use on campus.
B. To advise against bringing mobile phones into classrooms.
C. To provide guidelines for digital device use in class.
D. To raise awareness of digital device use as a whole.
C
Red pandas are native to the high forests of Asia. They are only a little bigger than a house cat and considered to be endangered. Scientists reported last month that not all red pandas belong to the same species. There are two different species of this animal, not just one, a study found. The scientists reported finding major differences in three genetic markers between Chinese red pandas and Himalayan red pandas. Scientists identified the markers after studying DNA from 65 of the creatures. DNA carries genetic information for the development, growth and reproduction of living things. Documenting the existence of two separate species could help guide efforts for protecting red pandas, scientists added.
Chinese red pandas live in northern Myanmar, as well as southeastern Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China. Himalayan red pandas are native to Nepal, India, Bhutan and southern Tibet in China, the researchers said.
Conservation biologists Yibo Hu and Fuwen Wei 1ed the study. “To conserve the genetic uniqueness of the two species, we should avoid their interbreeding(杂交繁殖)in captivity,” Hu said. “Interbreeding between species may harm the genetic adaptations already established for their local habitat environment. ”
Scientists had earlier suggested there were two species of red panda. But the new study was the first to provide the genetic information necessary to permit such a judgment. International experts estimate a total population of around 10, 000 red pandas in the wild. The two species differ in coloration and skull shape. The Himalayan red panda is the rarer of the two.
Major dangers to red pandas include deforestation and habitat loss. While they have similar names, red pandas and giant pandas are not closely related. Giant pandas are one of the world’s eight bear species. Red pandas are sometimes called living fossils because they have no close living relatives. They are the only remaining member of their mammalian family.
28. What is the purpose of recording the existence of the two different species of red panda?
A. To direct efforts for the protection of them.
B. To better distinguish red pandas and giant pandas.
C. To inform people there exist two species of red panda.
D. To confirm there are major differences between them.
29. In which place can we spot Himalayan red pandas?
A. Southeastern Tibet B. Yunnan Province
C.Southern Tibet D. Northern Myanmar
30. What can we know about the two species of red panda?
A. They belong to the same animal family as giant pandas.
B. Their existence has been known already.
C. They differ mainly in size and shape of skull.
D. To protect them，we should interbreed them.
31. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Lifestyle． B. Culture．
C.Entertainment． D. Science．
D
European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust. The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future. Researchers from the European Space Agency, or ESA, carried out the experiments at a laboratory in the Netherlands.
The team says ESA’s experimental “plant” was able to successfully produce oxygen from simulated（仿造的）moon dust. The dust is part of a material known as regolith(风化层）, a top layer of dirt and rock pieces that sit on the surface of the moon. Samples of regolith returned from the moon have confirmed that the material contains about 45 percent oxygen by weight. However, the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass, so it is not easily available for use. Having real samples of regolith from the moon made it possible for the researchers to create the simulated moon dust material used during testing.
The oxygen extraction(提取)process is carried out using a method called molten salt electrolysis(熔盐电解). This includes first placing the regolith in a metal container. Calcium chloride salt is added to the mixture, which is then heated to 950 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the regolith remains solid. Next, an electrical current is passed through the material. The researchers say it is this step that results in oxygen being extracted from the regolith. The study reported that up to 96 percent of oxygen in the simulated moon dust was extracted during the experiments.
ESA’s long-term goal is to design an oxygen-producing “pilot plant” to operate full-time on the moon. The first technology demonstration of the system is expected to take place in the middle 2020s. Beth Lomax, a lead researcher on the project, said, “Being able to acquire oxygen from resources found on the moon would obviously be hugely useful for future lunar settlers, both for breathing and the local production of rocket fuel.” The researchers reported that “as a bonus” the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials.
ESA and the US space agency NASA are both working on plans to return human beings to the moon. NASA has set a goal for 2024 with the aim to keep humans on the moon for long periods.
32. Why is oxygen from moon dust difficult to use?
A. It is tough for human beings to get moon dust.
B. It is chemically fixed in materials or glass.
C. The conditions of moon dust are terrible.
D. There exits only a little of it.
33. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. What molten salt electrolysis is.
B. Where the value of the study lies.
C. How oxygen is extracted from moon dust.
D. What is necessary in the oxygen extraction process.
34. What is Beth Lomax’s attitude towards the possibility of getting oxygen from moon dust?
A. Positive B. Skeptical
C.Cautious D. Indifferent
35. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Recent Studies of Moon Dust by Researchers
B. How Researchers Extracted Oxygen from Moon Dust
C. Potential Significance of Oxygen Extracted from Moon Dust
D. Researchers Report Extracting Oxygen from Moon Dust Successfully
预习思考
预习第一单元后面的内容
课程主题：M3U1上核心知识点梳理
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握模块三第一单元Reading部分的核心词汇；
2. 学会灵活运用这些词汇。
教学内容
【进门测试】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
All through history, people from different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. English is made 56. of both grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many57. ________( confuse) rules.
Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland--the Angles and the Saxons58._________ (occupy) Britain. Old English,59. is very different from the English we speak nowadays, consisted of a mixture of their languages.
Middle English was used from around the 12th to the 15th century. Many things, 60._________(especial) the Norman Conquest, contributed to the development of this new type of English. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French 61._________ common people spoke English. In 1399, HenryⅣ became king of England, and he used English for all official events.
Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. It went through huge 62. (change) during this period. However, this was not the end of the changes in 63. English language. It is certain 64. this process will continue. The question of whether English will keep changing in the future is easy 65._________(answer).
【多元导学】
【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】
1. harm n.&vt. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 伤害的→harmless adj. 无害的
(1). n. 伤害，损害。常见搭配
do sb./sth. harm 对某人/某物有害
do harm to...对……有害
There is no harm in doing sth=It is no harm to do sth 做某事是个好主意/没有坏处
Excessive drinking will do you a lot of harm. 饮酒过度非常不利于健康。
The typhoon did great harm to the rice crop. 那次台风对稻谷的收成造成很大的损害。
(2).伤害；损害。常见搭配：
harm one's reputation/image 损害某人的声誉/形象
What he did did harm to his image. 他的所作所为的确损害了他的形象。
归纳拓展:
(1). harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to对……有害(反义短语：be good for对……有好处)
Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟对你的孩子们的健康有害。
(2). harmless adj.无害的
be harmless to...对……无害
(3). harmlessly ade.无害地；无恶意地
巩固练习：
1.单句语法填空
(1). Staring at the screen of the computer for a long time will do harm ________ your eyes.
(2). Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are ___________ (harm)to ocean animals.
(3). The treatment did him more_________ than good, though the doctor insisted it was __________ .(harm)
2.一句多译:
在强光下读书会对你的眼睛造成伤害。
(1). Reading in the strong light will _______ ________ ________ your eyes.
(2). Reading in the strong light will ___________ your eyes ___________.
2. ecosystem n. 生态系统
eco- 生态的；环境的
ecology n. 生态；生态学
eco-friendly 对环境无害的; 环保的
ecologist 生态学家
ecotourism 生态旅游业
maintain the balance of the Earth's ecosystem 维持地球生态系统的平衡
3. overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 adv. 在海外，向国外
overseas students/markets 海外留学生/市场
live overseas/go overseas 在国外生活/出国
He has returned to South Africa from his long overseas trip. 他结束了漫长的海外旅行回到南非。
If you're staying for more than three months or working overseas, a full 10-year passport is required...
在国外工作或居留3个月以上，需要持10年期的护照。
Much of the investment was overseas. 大部分均为海外投资。
4. region n. 地区，区域；行政区
regional adj. 地区的；区域的；地方的
one overseas region of France 法国的一个海外区域
in the region of （表示不确切的数字等）大约，差不多 同义词： approximately
He earns somewhere in the region of €50 000. 他大约赚5万欧元。
We divide into pairs and each pair takes a region 我们分成两人一组，每一组负责一个区域。
5. continent n.大陆，陆地，洲
continental adj.大陆的，洲的
the South American continent 南美大陆
continental drift 大陆漂移
6. million 一百万；许多，大量
搭配：millions of 数百万
6 million 六百万
one in a million 万里挑一的人/物；不同寻常的人/物
It is reported that several million people are starving in the world because of the shortage of food.
据报道，世界上有几百万人因为食物短缺而正在挨饿。
Millions of people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
每天，世界上有数百万人通过电子邮件发送信息。
学法点拨：
(1).当hundred, thousand, million, billion 以及dozen, score等以复数形式存在时，表示泛指的数量，其后
要加of，但前面不能用表示具体数量的词修饰。
(2).当hundred, thousand, million, billion以及dozen, score等以单数形式存在时，其前常用表示具体数量的词或several, some, many, a few等修饰。
巩固练习：
①. The local government brought in ________________ (五百万) dollars last year to develop the economy.
②. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that _______________(数百万人) pour in every year.
③. The ______________(三百) workers on strike were surprised to see that __________________ (数千)people were on the b street to support them.
④. I bought _____________(好几十个) eggs today.
7. length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
搭配 at length 详尽地；=in detail; 充分地；最后；终于
in length 在长度上
go to great lengths (to do sth.) 尽一切可能/不遗余力(做某事)
for a length of time 相当长的一段时间
two meters in length/width/height/depth = two meters long/wide/high/deep 两米长/宽/高/深
Each class is 45 minutes in length. 每一节课为45分钟。
We have already discussed this matter at length. 我们已经详细地讨论了这个问题。
They go to great lengths to shelter the homeless. 他们竭尽全力为无家可归者提供住所。
long adj.长的
lengthen v.(使)变长
联想：
long→length→lengthen
strong→strength→strengthen
high→height→heighten
wide→width→widen
deep→depth→deepen
巩固练习：
1. 单句语法填空:
①. The fish can grow to_________ length of four feet.
②. The___________ (long)of your talk must be at least 10 minutes.
③. Can you help me ___________(length) this skirt?
2. 完成句子:
④. The broad river is 300 miles ___________(在长度上).
⑤. He told us how he had worked out the budget ____________(最后).
⑥. We will_________________ (尽一切可能)to help you out of trouble.
8. biodiversity n.生物多样性
biology n. 生物学 → bio-生物的;人生的
biotechnology n. 生物科技
biochemistry n. 生物化学
diversify 使多样化 vt. → diverse 多种多样的adj.→ diversity n. 多样化；差异性
9. species n. (pl. species) 种；物种
the diversity of species 物种的多样性
a species of flowers 一种花
many species of flowers many species of flowers
10. variety n.不同种类；变化，多样化；变种，变体。常见搭配：
a variety of 各种各样的
varieties of 各种各样的
This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 这个工具有多种用途。
A variety of hooks are used, each for a different kind of fish.
各种各样的鱼钩被使用，每种对应不同种类的鱼。
特别提醒:
(1). a variety of 中的variety 可用 great, large, huge, wide等词修饰。a variety of = varieties of,后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。
(2). “a variety of +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；“the variety of+复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
(3). a variety of/varieties of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，偶尔也可用单数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
归纳拓展:
(1). vary vi.变化；改变
vary with 随着……而变化
vary in 在……方面变化/不同
vary from..to..…从……到……变化
vary between… and.…在……和……之间变化
(2). various adj.各种各样的；各种不同的
(3). variously adv.各种各样地
单句语法填空
(1). Rooms vary ___________ size and some are equipped with televisions and telephones.
(2). The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss ________(vary) issues.
(3). The island offers such a wide __________(vary) of scenery and wildlife.
(4). Every solid object will reflect a sound, _____________(vary) according to the size and nature of the object.
11. beneath prep.在...下方；在...下面; 配不上
①.在那幅画的下方 beneath the painting
②.被白雪覆盖的大地 the earth lying beneath a blanket of snow
③.他们认为她下嫁了。 They thought she had married beneath her.
12. mass adj. & n.
(1). adj.大批的，广泛的
a mass marketing campaign 大规模营销活动
weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器
Their latest product is aimed at the mass market. 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。
(2). n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群
a mass of/masses of 大量,许多
搭配 the mass of.………中的大多数
the masses 群众
a huge mass of data 大量资料
A mass of books/masses of books were sent to Project Hope. 大量的书籍被送往了希望工程。
The sky was full of dark masses of clouds. 天空中乌云密布。
I've got masses of work to do. 我有一大堆的工作要做。
The reforms are supported by the mass of the population. 改革得到了大多数人的支持。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of _______________________（民众）.
②. The reforms are unpopular with___________________________(大多数教师).
③. Now that you have______________（一大堆的工作) to do, you don't have to help me with the housework.
④. Some countries are faced with ____________(大批人失业的问题).
单句语法填空
⑤. Masses of evidence _____________(show)that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a
mass of citizens (be) _____________________ in favor of this idea.
13. towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
①.高大的古老阔叶林 towering ancient hardwoods
②. 出色的表演 towering performance
tower vi. tower over/ above 高于；超过；胜过；远远超过
①. He towered over all his classmates. 他的个儿比班里其他同学都要高。
②. She towers over other dancers of her generation. 她远远超过同时代的舞蹈演员。
14. living
(1). adj.活着的；活的；在使用的。常见搭配：
all living things 所有生物
(2). n.生计，谋生；生活方式。常见搭配：
earn/make a living 谋生
earn one's living 谋生
living conditions/standards 生活条件/水准
辨析比较 live, alive, living 与 lively
live: 意为“活着的；健在的”，一般指物；还可表示“现场直播的”，做定语或表语
alive : 意为“活着”，既可指人也可指物，多做表语、后置定语或宾补
living: 意为“活的；活着的”。the living 活着的人
lively: 意为“活泼的，生气勃勃的；(思想)活跃的；(描写等)生动有趣的”。
a lively boy 一个活泼的男孩
people alive 活着的人
a lively discussion 热烈的讨论
live animals 活动物
live music 现场演奏的音乐
巩固练习：
选词填空：living/alive/live/lively
(1). He was buried __________in the earthquake.
(2). The cat was playing with a___________ mouse.
(3). The _____________are more important to us than the dead.
(4). All the soldiers were killed in the battle. He was the only man ________________.
(5). It will be the biggest _______________ concert that we have ever seen.
(6). The lessons given by Miss Li are always _______________ and interesting.
15. survive
(1). vi.生存；存活。常见搭配：
survive on … 依靠……生存
survive from 从……中存活下来
I can't imagine how he could survive on his small salary.
我无法想象他是如何靠他那微薄的薪水维持生活的。
Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. 一些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
(2). vt.幸存；幸免于难；比……活(或存在)的时间长。
常见搭配：survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
A survive(s)B by... A 比B多活……
He was the only person to survive the accident. 他是这次事故的唯一幸存者。
She survived her husband by ten years. 她比她的丈夫多活了10年。
归纳拓展:
survivor n. 幸存者;生还者
survival n. 幸存；生存
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
(1). Mastering some basic skills greatly increases your chances of _______________(survive).
(2). Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in__________(survive)the terrible flood and they were the only two ______________ (survive).
(3). My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa ______________ ten years.
16. in turn: 相应地，转而，反过来；轮流; 依次
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论是建立在实践的基础上，反过来为实践服务。
The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们依次自报姓名。
归纳拓展:
in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
take turns to do sth./ (at) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
It will be in Tom's turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到汤姆值日。
We take turns making/to make dinner. 我们轮流做饭。
It's your turn to clean the blackboard. 轮到你擦黑板了。
学法点拨:
by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. We clean the classroom every week _______ turn.
②. ____________ is my turn to clean the room.
③. They took turns _____________ (look) after their parents.
④. It's my turn ___________(deliver) a speech in public.
⑤. They took care of their sick father _________________ turns.
完成句子
⑥. Thus they have, ____________________________(接着)，become the most important animals on the planet.
⑦. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ________________(反过来)
creates more problems.
17. break down: 使分解；使变化；(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；
(谈判等)失败；破坏，消除
（1). (使)分解
Enzymes in the stomach break our food down into useful substances.
胃中的酶把我们的食物分解成有用的物质。
(2). (机器或车辆)出故障，坏掉
Our car broke down all of a sudden on the road. 我们的车突然在路上出了故障。
（3). (身体）垮掉，被搞垮
If Tim carries on working like this, he'll break down sooner or later.
如果蒂姆继续这样工作，他的身体迟早会垮掉。
(4). (讨论、谈判等)失败；破裂
She was unwilling to stay in America after her marriage broke down.
在她的婚姻破裂后，她就不愿意待在美国了。
(5). 消除，驱除(人与人之间的隔阂等)
It takes a long time to break down prejudices. 消除偏见需要很长的时间。
归纳拓展:
break away (from) 脱离，背叛
break out 爆发
break in 打断(谈话) ; 插嘴，打断；破门而入
break through 突破；克服
break into 破门而入
break up 解散；结束; 分手
We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.
早上我们到达工作地点时发现有人在（前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。
The police came and broke up the crowds. 警察来了，把人群驱散了。
巩固练习：
写出句中 break down的含义
①. Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination. _________________
②. Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. _________________
③. Men are left idle when machines break down. _________________
④. You will break down if you take on more work than you can. _________________
⑤. Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. _________________
单句语法填空
⑥. Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_____________ in disasters.
⑦. As she was talking, he suddenly broke _____________，saying, “That's a lie!”
⑧. They had escaped to America before the war broke ______________
⑨. At last the moon broke ________________ the clouds and they could see their way.
18. breathe life into给…·…带来起色，注入活力
We need some new people to breathe life into this project. 我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。
归纳拓展:
breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
归纳拓展：
come to life 苏醒过来；变得更有趣
give one's life to do sth./for sth. 为(做)某事献出生命
devote one's life to(doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
lead/live a(n) ..life 过着…日子/生活
The doctor told her to breathe in deeply and then breathe out. 医生告诉她深吸一口气，然后将气呼出。
He gave his life for the cause of peace. 他为和平事业献出了生命。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. 神话就是靠想象来赋予生命的。
Myths are made for the imagination to __________________________ them.
②. 他为拯救藏羚羊献出了生命。
He had _______________________________ to save the Tibetan antelope.
③. 过了很长时间，那位伤员才苏醒过来。
The injured _________________________________ after a long time.
④. 他致力于教育生活在山区的孩子们。
He__________________________________ the children who lived in the mountainous areas.
19. thus adv. 因此，从而，这样
①. 大学扩招了，这样就使更多的人有机会接受高等教育。
The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
②. 我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此我们不能卖它。
We do not own the building. Thus, we can't sell it.
③. 他的腿受伤了，因此没能准时到那。
He hurt his leg and thus failed to get there on time.
20. disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→ disappearance n.
appear vi. 出现 → appearance n. 出现，外貌
①.从视线中消失 disappear from view/sight
②.消失在远处 disappear in the distance
disappear behind/into 消失在……后/中
disappear from sight/view 从视线中消失
The plane disappeared behind clouds. 飞机消失在云层后。
David watched until the train disappeared from sight/view. 戴维一直看着火车从视线中消失。
My keys have disappeared again. 我的钥匙又不见了。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. They watched the bus until it _______________________(disappear) in the distance.
②. The train disappeared _____________________view and I knew my best friend would never come back.
完成句子
③. 那个陌生人消失在黑暗中。That stranger the dark.
21.due to=because of=as a result of=on account of= owing to=because of 因为,由于
Our sports meeting had to be put off due to the heavy rain. 因为这场大雨，我们的运动会不得不推迟。
归纳拓展:
(be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
be due to do sth. 预定做某事
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
The next train is due to arrive in five minutes. 下一趟火车预计五分钟之后到达。
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
(1). Her failure in the speech was largely due_________ her nervousness.
(2). Mistakes due to __________ (careless) may cause serious problems.
(3) .The sports meeting, originally due to ____________(hold) last Friday, was finally called off because of the bad weather.
22. agriculture n. 农业，农学
agricultural adj.农业的，农学的
the development of agriculture 农业的发展
agricultural societies 农业社会
23. cattle n.牛 （虽单数形式，但是复数）
a head of cattle
20 heads of cattle
24. impact n.&v
(1). n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
have/ make a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响
the impact of..……的影响
The teacher's words always have a deep impact on the future of the students.
老师的话总会对学生的将来产生深远影响。
We become to realize the environmental impact of tourism. 我们逐渐意识到旅游业对环境的影响。
(2). vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
impact on/upon 对……产生影响
Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. 父亲去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. Every teardown has ____________ impact on the look and feel of a community.
②. Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact _____________ the recession.
③. One of the most basic core values is honesty. It _____________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take.
完成句子
④. These costs will ___________(极大地影响) our profitability (利润).
⑤. They say they expect the meeting to _______________________ (对…有显著影响） the future of the country. (impact n.)
25. extinction n. 灭绝，绝种
extinct adj. 不再存在的，已灭绝的
一个已灭绝的物种 an extinct species
有消亡危险的部落 a tribe in danger extinction
26. damage n.& v.
(1). n.[U]损坏，破坏；损害，伤害
do/cause damage to 对……造成损害
The thunderstorm didn't do much damage. 雷暴并未造成严重损失。
The terrifying earthquake caused severe damage to a lot of buildings.
可怕的地震对许多建筑物造成了严重破坏。
(2). vi.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害
damage sb.'s career/reputation 损害某人的事业/名誉
Smoking severely damaged his health. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。
Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake. 几幢建筑物受到地震破坏。
词语辨析: damage ,destroy 与ruin
damage: 指损害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，但这种破坏具有可修复性。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。
destroy：常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的破坏、毁坏，程度较深；也可以指希望、计划等打破。只能用作动词，名词为 destruction。
ruin： 指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使其“荒废，毁坏”以致无法恢复原状，强调该物的使用价值发生了问题。可以作名词，也可以作动词。常用短语是in ruins,表示“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪”
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____________(damage) seriously.
②. When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage the__________ nearby towns.
③. Damage _____________(cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored.
完成句子
④. The accident __________________________(对……造成了一些损坏) my car, but it was nothing serious.
⑤. He won't do anything that may___________________________ (损害他的名誉).
辨析填空: (ruin/damage/destroy)
⑥. The school was completely ______________________by fire.
⑦. The boys skirted (绕开，避开) the field so as not to__________________ the crops.
⑧. It rained for several weeks, completely ___________________________our holiday.
27. build up
(1). 渐增加
Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination inmy career.
他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。
(2). 建立
We built up this business after ten years' struggle. 经过10年拼搏后我们建立了这家公司。
(3). 开发
It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.
我花了十年的时间来开发我的业务，这个几乎要了我的命。
拓展:
build (oneself) up to sth. 为……作准备
build oneself up 增强体质
巩固练习：
写出句中 build up的含义
①. It takes time and lots of effort to build up trust. But we manage it in the end. _________________
②. Taking exercise helps us build up our bodies and keep a clear mind. _________________
单句语法填空
③. Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build _______ one's strength, but also develop one's character.
完成句子
④. These chemicals in the food supply______________ (堆积，增加) in people's bodies over time.
⑤. He does weight training to_____________(增加)his physical strength.
28. application n.应用，运用；申请
job application 求职申请
an application form 申请表
归纳拓展:
(1). apply (applied; applied) v.申请；应用；使用；勤奋工作；努力学习
apply (to..…)for.. (向……)申请……
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply sth. to… 把某物应用于……；把某物涂到……
apply to 适用于……(to 为介词)
apply oneself to (doing)sth. 致力于/专心于(做)某事
(2). applicant n.申请人
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
(1). Now researchers are scientific methods _______________ the study of the art.
(2). John and hundreds of young people like him are applying _________________the post of the typist.
(3). Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to_______________ (solve) problems in industry.
(4). The new technology, if ________________(apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
29. spring to mind 马上想到，突然记起(或想到)
If you refer to “Hawaii”, a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may spring to mind.
如果你提到“夏威夷”，美丽海滩和蓝色海洋的景象可能就会立刻浮现在脑海里。
归纳拓展:
bear/keep...in mind 记住……
lose one's mind 失去理智
bring..to mind 使……想起
come to mind 突然想起
change one's mind 改变主意
make up one's mind 打定主意；下定决心(mind的形式随one的单复数变化而变化)
concentrate one's mind on / upon.. 集中注意力于………，专注于…
Please bear/keep in mind that time will change everything. 请记住时间会改变一切。
We have made up our minds to take a trip to Australia or Thailand. 我们已经决定去澳大利亚或泰国旅行。
学法点拨:
spring n.春天；弹簧；泉 v跳；反弹 (sprang, sprung)
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
①. I can't seem to spring ___________mind the name of the bookshop where I bought the book.
②. After graduation from college, they made up their minds __________(go) and settle in the countryside.
③. We have made up our ______________(mind) to go on a journey to Tibet.
完成句子
④. We need to _________________________________(记住) what our goals are.
⑤. His father is a very stubborn person. Once he decides to do something, you can never_________________
________________(改变他的主意).
⑥. Don't be absent-minded. Please ______________________(集中注意力于……) the experiment.
30. track v&n.
(1). v跟踪，追踪
The thief was closely tracked by the police. 那个小偷被警察严密地跟踪。
(2). n.轨道；跑道；(人、兽的)足迹；(车辆的)轨迹
keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系
lose track of 不了解……的动态；与…失去联系
on the track 在轨道上
Bank statements help you keep track of where your money is going.
银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. I tried to get my life back _____________the track after the accident.
②. He followed the ____________(track) of a car to the edge of the lake.
③. How effectively it is working can _________________(track)by monitoring someone's heart rate as he
breathes in and out.
完成句子
④. The police have_________________ (与……失去联系)the criminals.
⑤. My mother is trying ___________________(了解……的动态)the money we're spending.
31. nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不
go/get nowhere 毫无进展；一无所获
lead/get(sb.) nowhere 没有结果
nowhere to be seen 哪儿也看不到
nowhere near 离……差得远，远谈不上
This animal is found in Australia, and nowhere else. 这种动物在澳大利亚被发现，别处没有。
The new book you need is nowhere to be found. 你要的那本新书什么地方都找不到。
The hall was nowhere near full. 大厅远未满座。
学法点拨:
nowhere 含有否定意义，置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。
Nowhere else could we find the missing wallet. 我们在其他任何地方都没能找到丢失的钱包。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. The tall man was nowhere ___________________(see).
完成句子
②. There's________________________ (没有别的地方) I really want to go to.
③. It's __________________________(离…差得远) the collar I'm looking for.
④.哪里都找不到这样便宜的房子了。
Nowhere else _____________________such a cheap house.
同义句转换
⑤. That kind of talk will be no good to you.
=That kind of talk will_______________ _____________ ________________
32. get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉（表动作)
You should get rid of the bad habits. 你应该改掉坏习惯。
It's time we got rid of all these old toys. 我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
I can't get rid of this cough. 我咳嗽老是不好。
归纳拓展:
rid...of 使……摆脱或除去:
rid oneself of debt 还清债务
be rid of 摆脱
She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs. 她在努力摆脱对药品的依赖。
知识链接:
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
warn sb. ofsth. 警告某人某事
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 医好某人的病
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
(1). We are trying to rid our company _______________these debts.
(2). He struggles to rid___________ (he) of his fears.
(3). I can't _________________rid of this headache.
33. protest vi.抗议，反对 vt.申辩，坚持声称
protest against sth. 抗议某事
protest that... 坚持说……
Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision. 许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定。
Sarah protested that she didn't lie to her teacher. 萨拉坚持说自己没有向老师撒谎。
巩固练习:
单句语法填空
①. The workers went on strike ________________ (protest) against the economic policy of the government.
②. There is no point in _______________(protest). It won't help much.
③. Thousands of people crowded into the street,________________(protest) against the war.
34. profit n.&v
(1). n.利润，收益；好处
make/earn a profit 盈利
Unfortunately, the research was limited to increasing economic profits, rather than protecting the environment.
不幸的是，这项研究只局限于增加经济利益，而不是保护环境。
(2). vi.&vt.获益，得到好处
A profit B (A 使B获益)=B profit from A (B从A中获益)
I hope the lesson will profit you.
= I hope you will profit from the lesson. 我希望你能从这次教训中获益。
巩固练习：
写出句中 profit的含义
①.I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example. ________________
②. On the basis of our sales' forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year. ________________
③. I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. ________________
④.I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience. ________________
单句语法填空
⑤. You can profit __________listening to a wise man.
⑥. We can make ______________profit from what you said.
35. defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
in defence of 保卫……;为………辩护
defend...against/from... 保卫……免受……
The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country. 士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument? 有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
The area's flood defences need repairing. 该地区的防洪设施需要整修。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. They were fighting like lions in defence _______________ their homeland.
②. As a famous politician once said, attack is the best method of ______________(defend).
③. The PLA defends our motherland_____________________ being attacked.
36. process n.& vt.
(1). n.［C]进程，过程
in the process of (doing) sth.在(做)某事的过程中搭配
in the process 同时，在……过程中
in process 在进行中
We're in the process of selling our old furniture. 我们正在出售自家的旧家具。
I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process. 我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。
(2). vt.加工，处理
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。
巩固练习：
单句语法填空
①. I'm afraid getting things changed will be _____________slow process.
②. All the information was then ready________________ (process) into film negatives.
③. Care of the soul is a gradual process _________which even the small details of life should be considered.
④. More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be __________________(process).
完成句子
⑤. The company is_______________________(在……过程中)moving to new offices.
⑥Studies have shown that the right and left ear________________________（处理声音）differently.
⑦. Your application for the position is__________________________（在进行中).
37. economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
economic development 经济发展
an economic crisis 经济危机
It is reported that 3 percent economic growth was the government's aim.
据报道，3%的经济增长是政府的目标。
词语积累:
economy n.[C]经济(情况)；经济制度；[C，U]节约，节省
economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的
an economical method of heating 一种经济的供暖方法
38. recycle vt.回收利用，再利用
recycle paper/glass 回收报纸/玻璃
We need to think more about recycling our waste 我们需要多考虑回收利用垃圾。
Waste materials from the dustbins can be recycled and processed. 垃圾箱里的废料是可以回收和处理的。
词语积累:
recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的
recycling n. 再循环
Saving and recycling are long-term projects where determination
matters a great deal 节省和回收都是长期项目，其中决心很重要。
39. former adj.以前的，从前的；前任的n.前者
He was very happy to see his former friends in the bookstore. 在书店见到他以前的朋友他很高兴。
Of swimming and football he prefers the former. 在游泳和足球运动中他更喜欢前者。
归纳拓展:
latter adj.后者的,后面的
the former...the latter... 前者……后者……
40. official n.&adj.
(1). n. [C]官员；要员；高级职员
a government official 政府官员
bank officials 银行职员
More than one official has served the people heart and soul. 不止一个官员全心全意为人民服务。
(2). adj.公职的；公务的
Please don't disturb the official duties. 请不要打扰公务。
(3). adj.官方的；正式的
English is an official language. 英语是官方语言。
词语积累:
office n. [C,U]办公室；(政府部门的)部，局；公职，官职，公务；职责
take office 就职
officer n.[C]工作人员；军官；警察，执法人员
officially adv.官方地；正式地
41. consequence n.结果,后果；重要性
take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/ 面临(某事的)后果
as a consequence of = in consequence of 由于(= as a result of)
as a consequence = in consequence 因此，结果(= as a result)
of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的
The high level of consuming mutton has produced consequences of a higher price.
对羊肉的高消费量产生的结果是价格更高。
The gifted writer reckoned that the loss of his manuscripts would lead to serious consequences.
这位天才作家认为，他手稿的丢失将导致严重的后果。
As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. __________________________(由于) his being absent, the manager didn't subscribe to his being promoted.
②. The problem of global warming is very serious. ____________________(因此)，sea level has risen a little.
③. I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to _______________(承担后果).
④ As far as I'm concerned, your opinion is ___________________________(不重要)to her.
42. further adj. / adv. & v.
(1). adj.更多的，更进一步的
They believed there were likely to be further attacks. 他们认为有可能会有更多的袭击。
(2). adv.较远，更远；进一步
Now we live further away from the city center. 我们现在住得离市中心更远了。
(3). v.促进，增进
With the fight against piracy furthered, more and more people find that authentic CDs and DVDs deserve buying.
随着抵制盗版战役的推进，越来越多的人发现原版的CD和DVD值得购买。
巩固练习：
完成句子
①. Measures must be done to prevent the world economy from _______________________(进一步被威胁).
②—Your uncle speaks English very fluently.
—Sure. He__________ (深造) in London for three years when he was a teacher ten years ago.
③. The astronauts found that as the spaceship_________________(走得越来越远) into space, it became more and more difficult to control its own movements.
【巩固练习】
一、根据句意并结合汉语或首字母提示填写单词。
1. There are ______（百万）of people dying of heart diseases.
2. The snake usually reaches a _______ (长度) of 100 cm.
3. Apples come in a great many ____ (品种，种类).
4. The boat sank ______ (在…下面) the waves.
5. The sky is full of dark _______ (团，块，堆)of clouds.
6. The mountain gorilla is on the verge of ______(灭绝).
7. He remains a _____ (出色的) figure in rock and roll.
8. The product is sold both at home and _______ (在海外，向国外).
9. All dogs are capable of doing h _______ to human beings.
10. Increased production will, in t _________ , lead to increased profits .
11. Her speech had a profound i __________ on everyone.
12. We need more people to b ____ life into this programme.
13. Lisa was sick this morning. T ____ , she was late for school.
14. The flight was cancelled d ______ to bad weather.
15. Sugar and starch are b _______ down in the stomach.
16. All the pressure b ____ up and he was off work for weeks with stress.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Fruit juices can be (harm) to children’s teeth.
2. His only chance of (survive) was a heart transplant.
3. Police are investigating the (disappear) of key files on the killers.
4. France is the world’s second biggest exporter of (agriculture) products.
5. There are (variety) kinds of food in the store.
6. The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian (region) cuisine.
7. He died six weeks later of a (mass) heart attack.
8. Father never talked about what he did for a (live).
9. There is a need for a greater (diverse) and choice in education.
10. She (towering) over other dancers of her generation.
三、单项选择。
( ) 1. The forest was with different animals and considered to be home to them.
A. living;a B. living;/ C. alive;a D. alive;/
( ) 2. It was a crisis she was totally unprepared.
A. which B. for which C. on which D. that
( ) 3. I am willing to help you, I do not have much time available.
A. Since B. For that C. While D. When
( ) 4. Police used tear gas to a demonstration.
A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break in
( ) 5. Theory is based on practice and serves practice.
A. in return B. in exchange C. in turn D. in fact
【课堂检测】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The outbreak of the COVID-19 is unfortunate. If you were in Wuhan or have been in contact with people who were there in the last 14 days and now you feel sick with fever, cough, or difficulty breathing. don't panic.___36___
Seek medical advice—Call ahead before you go to a doctor's office or emergency room. Tell them about your recent travel and your symptoms. Follow their professional instructions.
___37___ The virus is said to spread prson-4o-person, s0 it is advisable for you to stay indoors and carry out a 14-day quarantine.
Do not travel while sick. You may easily spread the disease or if there are those who have more severe symptoms, it may bring on yours.___38___
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing. ___39___ So for your and other’s sake, please do as you are advised. On the other hand, if you see people do so, it is wise lo keep a distance.
Wash your hands with soap and water immediately alter coughing, sneezing or blowing your nose. ___40___ But if soap and water are not readily available, you can use an alcohol—based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Always wash hands with soap and water if hands are visibly dirty.
A. Avoid contact with others.
B. You may also ask for medical help.
C. There were many difficult questions.
D. There are a few ways to help you with the situation.
E. Personal sanitation effectively reduces chances of infection.
F. It has been proved that the virus easily spreads through sneezing.
G. Plus there are travel bans from many governments, and airlines have restrictions to.
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
This is a list of places to spend the 2020 Olympics if you aren't going to Japan.
Australia
The fact that the summer Olympics fall during Australia's winter season is worth keeping in mind for two reasons: it makes traveling there cheaper, and it's still not too cold. As far as the Olympics are concerned, there will be no shortage of opportunities to watch the Games in between your various explorations of the country and its limitless activities.
Thailand
Thailand is a breathtaking place 10 spend some time during any summer, and provides a perfect setting for Olympie viewing: You can go scuba diving one morning before watching sports all afternoon, or simply duck out for world-famous street food in between events. But Thai sports fans may also be taking extra interest in the Olympics these days.
United States
The U.S. is likely to be as interested in the Olympics as any other nation, given is collection of athletes who will be taking center stage. You can rest assured it won't be difficult to watch the Games no matter where you're visiting specifically. This leaves you with all sorts of fun options. You can visit a luxury ski resort town like Aspen, which turns into a gorgeous hiking destination in the summer.
Great Britain
Not unlike the U, s. Britain will make for a fun place to spend the 2020 Olympics because there's a great deal of national interest in a number of different sports, and the local athletes are expected to be competitive. Summer can also be a good time to be in Britain in general," with relatively mild temperatures allowing for full exploration of the country. That means you can stay in the beautiful Lake District if you like, hiking or kayaking when you're not watching the Games.
21. What is special about Australia as a destination in an Olympic summer?
A. Its season. B. Its activities.
C. Its sports. D. Its scenery.
22. Which country can you go to if you are a street food lover?
A. Australia. B. Thailand.
C. United States. D. Great Britain.
23. What do the U. S. and Britain have in common as fun places to spend the 2020 Olympics?
A. They both have a pleasant temperature. B. They are both interested in the Games.
C. They both own lots of sports centers. D. They are both English-speaking countries.
B
While many parents allow children free reign of the internet at home, it's a common debate in education circles on how —and if— digital devices (数码设备) should be allowed at school.
Some school districts have seen great improvements by allowing digital devices in the classroom. One thing is clear: if digital devices are allowed, there should be guidelines and rules in place.
Students need to be taught online safety, the use of judgment in determining god quality sources of information, and restraint from personal use in the classroom. In other words, they need to learn all about digital literacy and digital citizenship.
There are many resources for teaching these concepts, and a great place to start is the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). Their comprehensive standards focus on the skills and qualities students should have in order to be successful in the digital world. ISTE. also teamed up with Google and developed an online digital citizenship game called Interland. It educates kids about digital citizenship in interactive ways. Students learn how to be god digital citizens as well s how to combat hackers and bullies.
If a school is going to allow and/or encourage the use of digital devices in the classroom, then teachers also need proper support in terms of training, professional development，and curriculum. They can start with curriculum and PD resources such as those provided by Common Sense Media, but in order to fully utilize them, teachers need time to plan and cooperate with each other. Digital devices should only be used when there are specific goals in mind, focusing on student safety, digital citizenship, and critical thinking.
24. What does the underlined word “restraint” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Self-control. B. Self-respect.
C. Self-destruction. D. Self-service
25. Which of the allowing about ISTE is TRUE?
A. It focuses on the skills and qualities teachers should have.
B. It worked with Google and developed an offline game.
C. It educates kids about citizenship in traditional ways.
D. It helps students learn proper online behavior.
26. If digital devices are allowed at school, teachers need to______.
A. provide good resources B. cooperate with governments
C. spend time training students D. receive support in many forms
27. What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To comment on the phenomenon of mobile phone use on campus.
B. To advise against bringing mobile phones into classrooms.
C. To provide guidelines for digital device use in class.
D. To raise awareness of digital device use as a whole.
C
Red pandas are native to the high forests of Asia. They are only a little bigger than a house cat and considered to be endangered. Scientists reported last month that not all red pandas belong to the same species. There are two different species of this animal, not just one, a study found. The scientists reported finding major differences in three genetic markers between Chinese red pandas and Himalayan red pandas. Scientists identified the markers after studying DNA from 65 of the creatures. DNA carries genetic information for the development, growth and reproduction of living things. Documenting the existence of two separate species could help guide efforts for protecting red pandas, scientists added.
Chinese red pandas live in northern Myanmar, as well as southeastern Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China. Himalayan red pandas are native to Nepal, India, Bhutan and southern Tibet in China, the researchers said.
Conservation biologists Yibo Hu and Fuwen Wei 1ed the study. “To conserve the genetic uniqueness of the two species, we should avoid their interbreeding(杂交繁殖)in captivity,” Hu said. “Interbreeding between species may harm the genetic adaptations already established for their local habitat environment. ”
Scientists had earlier suggested there were two species of red panda. But the new study was the first to provide the genetic information necessary to permit such a judgment. International experts estimate a total population of around 10, 000 red pandas in the wild. The two species differ in coloration and skull shape. The Himalayan red panda is the rarer of the two.
Major dangers to red pandas include deforestation and habitat loss. While they have similar names, red pandas and giant pandas are not closely related. Giant pandas are one of the world’s eight bear species. Red pandas are sometimes called living fossils because they have no close living relatives. They are the only remaining member of their mammalian family.
28. What is the purpose of recording the existence of the two different species of red panda?
A. To direct efforts for the protection of them.
B. To better distinguish red pandas and giant pandas.
C. To inform people there exist two species of red panda.
D. To confirm there are major differences between them.
29. In which place can we spot Himalayan red pandas?
A. Southeastern Tibet B. Yunnan Province
C.Southern Tibet D. Northern Myanmar
30. What can we know about the two species of red panda?
A. They belong to the same animal family as giant pandas.
B. Their existence has been known already.
C. They differ mainly in size and shape of skull.
D. To protect them，we should interbreed them.
31. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Lifestyle． B. Culture．
C.Entertainment． D. Science．
D
European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust. The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future. Researchers from the European Space Agency, or ESA, carried out the experiments at a laboratory in the Netherlands.
The team says ESA’s experimental “plant” was able to successfully produce oxygen from simulated（仿造的）moon dust. The dust is part of a material known as regolith(风化层）, a top layer of dirt and rock pieces that sit on the surface of the moon. Samples of regolith returned from the moon have confirmed that the material contains about 45 percent oxygen by weight. However, the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass, so it is not easily available for use. Having real samples of regolith from the moon made it possible for the researchers to create the simulated moon dust material used during testing.
The oxygen extraction(提取)process is carried out using a method called molten salt electrolysis(熔盐电解). This includes first placing the regolith in a metal container. Calcium chloride salt is added to the mixture, which is then heated to 950 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the regolith remains solid. Next, an electrical current is passed through the material. The researchers say it is this step that results in oxygen being extracted from the regolith. The study reported that up to 96 percent of oxygen in the simulated moon dust was extracted during the experiments.
ESA’s long-term goal is to design an oxygen-producing “pilot plant” to operate full-time on the moon. The first technology demonstration of the system is expected to take place in the middle 2020s. Beth Lomax, a lead researcher on the project, said, “Being able to acquire oxygen from resources found on the moon would obviously be hugely useful for future lunar settlers, both for breathing and the local production of rocket fuel.” The researchers reported that “as a bonus” the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials.
ESA and the US space agency NASA are both working on plans to return human beings to the moon. NASA has set a goal for 2024 with the aim to keep humans on the moon for long periods.
32. Why is oxygen from moon dust difficult to use?
A. It is tough for human beings to get moon dust.
B. It is chemically fixed in materials or glass.
C. The conditions of moon dust are terrible.
D. There exits only a little of it.
33. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. What molten salt electrolysis is.
B. Where the value of the study lies.
C. How oxygen is extracted from moon dust.
D. What is necessary in the oxygen extraction process.
34. What is Beth Lomax’s attitude towards the possibility of getting oxygen from moon dust?
A. Positive B. Skeptical
C.Cautious D. Indifferent
35. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Recent Studies of Moon Dust by Researchers
B. How Researchers Extracted Oxygen from Moon Dust
C. Potential Significance of Oxygen Extracted from Moon Dust
D. Researchers Report Extracting Oxygen from Moon Dust Successfully
预习思考
预习第一单元后面的内容
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