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2022年天津市第一中学中考英语复习之动词不定式课件
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这是一份2022年天津市第一中学中考英语复习之动词不定式课件，共27页。PPT课件主要包含了 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
概念引入1. 动词不定式名言：（1）动词不定式作表语 T lse is t learn. 失败就是学习。（2）动词不定式作主语 It is better t give than t take. 给予比接受更好。（3）不定式作宾语 Expect t be treated as yu have treated thers. 你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。（4）不定式作宾补 Adversity causes sme men t break，thers t break recrds. 逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。（5）不定式作定语 There is a time t talk and a time t act. 该说的时候说，该做的时候做。（6）不定式作目的状语 T find the exact answer，ne must first ask the exact questin. 要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是t d形式(t是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译)肯定式：t + 动词原形否定式：nt t + 动词原形
用法讲解1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由t+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
（1）动词不定式作主语。T master a language is nt an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。T teach English is my favrite. 教英语是我的爱好。It's my pleasure t help yu. 很乐意帮助你。
（2）动词不定式作宾语。某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, frget, learn, ask等。I like t help thers if I can. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。I want t buy a new car when I have enugh mney.我有钱时想买一辆新车。
（3）动词不定式作宾语补足语。We expect yu t be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。Please ask him t cme here quickly. 请叫他快过来。
（4）动词不定式作表语。What I shuld d is t finish the task sn.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。The mst urgent thing is t find the by immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。
（5）动词不定式作定语。There are many ways t slve the prblem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。I have smething imprtant t tell yu.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
（6）不定式作状语。We went t the hspital t see ur teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。She is making a test t get a kind f useful medicine frm aTibetflwer.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
3.不定式后接特殊疑问词的用法不定式可以和疑问代词wh, what, which及疑问副词when, hw, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。I dn't knw what t say. 我不知道说什么。Can yu tell me hw t make a paper bat？你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？I dn't knw which tpic t chse. 我不知道选哪个题目。Where t stay fr the night is a prblem. 晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。
4.不定式的重要句型（1）It’s＋adj.＋fr (f)sb. t d sth.当不定式作主语时，通常用it作为形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式结构后置。 T meet yu is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure t meet yu.非常高兴见到你。T plant trees every year is necessary.= It is necessary t plant trees every year.每年植树是必要的。
这种结构往往还要有一个逻辑主语。一般使用下面的结构：1)It is +adj. ＋f sb.+t d sth. It is selfish f yu t eat the whle birthday cake.你真是太自私了，吃光了整个蛋糕。2)It is +adj. + fr sb. + t d sth.It is difficult fr me t learn English well.对我来说学好英语太难了。
1） 在“It is（was）＋adj.＋fr sb.＋t d sth.”的句式中，作表语的形容词大多是表事物性质的静态形容词，essential，easy，difficult, imprtant，necessary，pssible，hard等等，这类形容词与fr后面的名词（代词）关系不密切，无意义上的主表关系。 It is necessary fr us t practise speaking English every day．每天练习说英语对我们来说是很有必要的。
2）在 “It is（was）＋adj．＋f sb.…”的句式中，作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词。brave，careless，careful，clever，cruel，flish，gd，hnest，（un）kind nble，plite，right，rude，sweet，silly，stupid，wrng等等。这些表示人物特征的形容词与f后的名词关系十分密切，有意义上的主表关系。It is kind f yu（=Yu are kind）t send me a nice present．谢谢你送我这么好的礼物。It was stupid f her（=She was stupid）t make such a mistake．出这样的错她真是太蠢了。
（2）主＋动词＋t＋形容词／副词（fr＋sb.）＋t+d 表示“……太……而不能……”。He walked t slwly t catch up with me.他走得太慢而不能跟上我。It is t dark in this rm fr me t read a bk.房间太暗，使我无法看书。This prblem is t difficult fr them t settle.这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。
（3）主＋动词＋形容词／副词＋enugh＋（fr sb.）＋t+d， 表示“……对某人足以……” We need several men strng enugh t d the wrk. 我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。They bught a huse large enugh fr ten persns t live in. 我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。 He is cmpetent enugh t fill that psitin. 他足以胜任那职位。
（4）主语＋动词＋enugh＋名词＋t＋动词原形，表示“……对某人足以……” He has enugh mney t buy a car. 他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。He hasn’t enugh sense t realize his mistakes. 他没有足够的辨别力去认识自己的错误。
1. ________ late in the mrning, Bb turned ff the alarm. A. T sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept2. I'm ging t the supermarket this afternn. D yu have anything ________? A. t be buying B. t buy C. fr buying D. bught
3. I’ve wrked with children befre, s I knw what ________ in my new jb. A. expected B. t expect C. t be expecting D. expects4. She watched the children ________ in the garden. A. t be played B. t play C. play D. t have played
5. The teacher asked us ________ s much nise. A. dn't make B. nt make C. nt making D. nt t make6.－I usually g there by train. －Why nt _______ by bat fr a change? A. t try ging B. trying t g C. t try and g D. try ging7. Paul desn't have t be made _______. He always wrks hard. A. learn B. t learn C. learned D. learning
8. Tell him _______ the windw. A. t shut nt B. nt t shut C. t nt shut D. nt shut9. She pretended _______ me when I passed by. A. nt t see B. nt seeing C. t nt see D. having nt seen10. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _______ after drinking. A. never t drive B. t never driver C. never driving D. never drive
11 . The patient was warned _______ ily fd after the peratin. A. t eat n B. eating nt C. nt t eat D. nt eating12. I saw him _______ ut f the rm. A. g B. had gne C. has gne D. ges13. —The light in the ffice is still n. —Oh, I frgt _______. A. turning it ff B. turn it ff C. t turn it ff D. having turned it ff
14. He always prefers _______ a bicycle. rather than _______ n a crwded bus. A. t ride；ride B. riding；ride C. ride；t ride D. t ride；riding15. The price is t lw fr custmers________. A. t believe B. believing C. believed D. believe
[真题链接]1. The jke was s funny that it made him ____again and again. A. laugh B. t laugh C. laughed D. laughs2. We stpped _________, but there was nt any sund. A. t listen B. listens C. listen D. Listening3. Mr. Smith tld his sn _____ the ftball match because f the exam. A. nt t watch B. t nt watch C. nt watching D. desn’t watch
概念引入1. 动词不定式名言：（1）动词不定式作表语 T lse is t learn. 失败就是学习。（2）动词不定式作主语 It is better t give than t take. 给予比接受更好。（3）不定式作宾语 Expect t be treated as yu have treated thers. 你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。（4）不定式作宾补 Adversity causes sme men t break，thers t break recrds. 逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。（5）不定式作定语 There is a time t talk and a time t act. 该说的时候说，该做的时候做。（6）不定式作目的状语 T find the exact answer，ne must first ask the exact questin. 要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是t d形式(t是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译)肯定式：t + 动词原形否定式：nt t + 动词原形
用法讲解1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由t+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
（1）动词不定式作主语。T master a language is nt an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。T teach English is my favrite. 教英语是我的爱好。It's my pleasure t help yu. 很乐意帮助你。
（2）动词不定式作宾语。某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, frget, learn, ask等。I like t help thers if I can. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。I want t buy a new car when I have enugh mney.我有钱时想买一辆新车。
（3）动词不定式作宾语补足语。We expect yu t be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。Please ask him t cme here quickly. 请叫他快过来。
（4）动词不定式作表语。What I shuld d is t finish the task sn.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。The mst urgent thing is t find the by immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。
（5）动词不定式作定语。There are many ways t slve the prblem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。I have smething imprtant t tell yu.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
（6）不定式作状语。We went t the hspital t see ur teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。She is making a test t get a kind f useful medicine frm aTibetflwer.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
3.不定式后接特殊疑问词的用法不定式可以和疑问代词wh, what, which及疑问副词when, hw, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。I dn't knw what t say. 我不知道说什么。Can yu tell me hw t make a paper bat？你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？I dn't knw which tpic t chse. 我不知道选哪个题目。Where t stay fr the night is a prblem. 晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。
4.不定式的重要句型（1）It’s＋adj.＋fr (f)sb. t d sth.当不定式作主语时，通常用it作为形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式结构后置。 T meet yu is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure t meet yu.非常高兴见到你。T plant trees every year is necessary.= It is necessary t plant trees every year.每年植树是必要的。
这种结构往往还要有一个逻辑主语。一般使用下面的结构：1)It is +adj. ＋f sb.+t d sth. It is selfish f yu t eat the whle birthday cake.你真是太自私了，吃光了整个蛋糕。2)It is +adj. + fr sb. + t d sth.It is difficult fr me t learn English well.对我来说学好英语太难了。
1） 在“It is（was）＋adj.＋fr sb.＋t d sth.”的句式中，作表语的形容词大多是表事物性质的静态形容词，essential，easy，difficult, imprtant，necessary，pssible，hard等等，这类形容词与fr后面的名词（代词）关系不密切，无意义上的主表关系。 It is necessary fr us t practise speaking English every day．每天练习说英语对我们来说是很有必要的。
2）在 “It is（was）＋adj．＋f sb.…”的句式中，作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词。brave，careless，careful，clever，cruel，flish，gd，hnest，（un）kind nble，plite，right，rude，sweet，silly，stupid，wrng等等。这些表示人物特征的形容词与f后的名词关系十分密切，有意义上的主表关系。It is kind f yu（=Yu are kind）t send me a nice present．谢谢你送我这么好的礼物。It was stupid f her（=She was stupid）t make such a mistake．出这样的错她真是太蠢了。
（2）主＋动词＋t＋形容词／副词（fr＋sb.）＋t+d 表示“……太……而不能……”。He walked t slwly t catch up with me.他走得太慢而不能跟上我。It is t dark in this rm fr me t read a bk.房间太暗，使我无法看书。This prblem is t difficult fr them t settle.这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。
（3）主＋动词＋形容词／副词＋enugh＋（fr sb.）＋t+d， 表示“……对某人足以……” We need several men strng enugh t d the wrk. 我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。They bught a huse large enugh fr ten persns t live in. 我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。 He is cmpetent enugh t fill that psitin. 他足以胜任那职位。
（4）主语＋动词＋enugh＋名词＋t＋动词原形，表示“……对某人足以……” He has enugh mney t buy a car. 他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。He hasn’t enugh sense t realize his mistakes. 他没有足够的辨别力去认识自己的错误。
1. ________ late in the mrning, Bb turned ff the alarm. A. T sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept2. I'm ging t the supermarket this afternn. D yu have anything ________? A. t be buying B. t buy C. fr buying D. bught
3. I’ve wrked with children befre, s I knw what ________ in my new jb. A. expected B. t expect C. t be expecting D. expects4. She watched the children ________ in the garden. A. t be played B. t play C. play D. t have played
5. The teacher asked us ________ s much nise. A. dn't make B. nt make C. nt making D. nt t make6.－I usually g there by train. －Why nt _______ by bat fr a change? A. t try ging B. trying t g C. t try and g D. try ging7. Paul desn't have t be made _______. He always wrks hard. A. learn B. t learn C. learned D. learning
8. Tell him _______ the windw. A. t shut nt B. nt t shut C. t nt shut D. nt shut9. She pretended _______ me when I passed by. A. nt t see B. nt seeing C. t nt see D. having nt seen10. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _______ after drinking. A. never t drive B. t never driver C. never driving D. never drive
11 . The patient was warned _______ ily fd after the peratin. A. t eat n B. eating nt C. nt t eat D. nt eating12. I saw him _______ ut f the rm. A. g B. had gne C. has gne D. ges13. —The light in the ffice is still n. —Oh, I frgt _______. A. turning it ff B. turn it ff C. t turn it ff D. having turned it ff
14. He always prefers _______ a bicycle. rather than _______ n a crwded bus. A. t ride；ride B. riding；ride C. ride；t ride D. t ride；riding15. The price is t lw fr custmers________. A. t believe B. believing C. believed D. believe
[真题链接]1. The jke was s funny that it made him ____again and again. A. laugh B. t laugh C. laughed D. laughs2. We stpped _________, but there was nt any sund. A. t listen B. listens C. listen D. Listening3. Mr. Smith tld his sn _____ the ftball match because f the exam. A. nt t watch B. t nt watch C. nt watching D. desn’t watch
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