译林版英语八年级上册词汇专题复习

这是一份译林版英语八年级上册词汇专题复习，共17页。试卷主要包含了 名词词汇填空题考点， 单复同形， 不规则等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1) 词性变形：
2) 变复数：
1. 直接加s
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾去y改i加es，如study-studies 以元音字母+y结尾直接加s，如by-bys
3. 以f，fe结尾去f，fe改v加es，如leaf-leaves wife-wives （初中阶段除了giraffe是直接加s）
4. 以结尾有生命的加es，没有生命的+s，如ptat-ptates studi-studis
有生命的：her ptat tmat mang
5. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾+es，如brush-brushes bx-bxes glass-glasses beach-beaches
（但是stmach-stmachs）
6. 单复同形：sheep-sheep fish-fish（鱼） Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
7. 不规则：man-men wman-wmen muse-mice child-children tth-teeth
ft-feet（但是walkman-walkmans human-humans German-Germans）
3) 所有格：
表示人和时间的名词，要注意所有格，如：ten minutes’ wrk。名词所有格是表示所属关系，有以下三种表达方式：‘s; f所有格；双重所有格f +’s 所有格 ，表示两者共有的，the lily and lucy’s 表示家，店名，诊所等，at the dctr’s, at the Green’s ;
例题：
1.Wuld yu please let me knw the __________ (win) names? I’d better write them dwn nw.
解析：根据names，可确定前面应该填一个人，所以把win变为winner。然后根据names复数可知winner也要加s，最后应该是赢家的名字，所以还需加所有格
答案：winners’
I wnder hw t use these tw different English-English _____________ (字典) crrectly.
解析：先拼出单词dictinary，然后圈关键词tw可知这里应该填复数
答案: dictinary
2.My grandfather, as a Jew, did stand t fight against the __________ (German) in WWII.
解析：根据句意可知应该填德国人，然后应该是填复数，表示与德国人对抗。
答案：Germans
3.Children f yur age are usually afraid f making ____________ (speak) in frnt f many peple.
解析：根据短语做演讲，可知这里应该填speak的名词形式speech，然后这里没有限定词，所以要填复数形式表示泛指。
答案：speeches
4.N ne can imagine the sacred girl was kept in _____________ (silent) and dark fr almst 3 hurs.
解析：根据短语结构介词+名词，可知这里应该填silent的名词形式。
答案：silence
5.I drpped sme paint nt the paper, leaving sme clurful ____________(污点) n it.
解析：污点的单词为mark，圈出关键词sme，得知这里要填复数。
答案：marks
2.代词词汇填空题考点：
宾格，名词性物主代词，反身代词
宾格一般是考一些会有学生误以为是反身代词的题：如：take sth with sb.只能填宾格，不能填反身代词。
It may hurt yu. 发出者和承受者不是同一人，只能填宾格。
名词性物主代词：上一句一定有某人的某物出现，下一句说另一个人的来对比。
反身代词：
1) 主语后面一定是反身代词。
2) 固定短语：help neself t by neself neself enjy neself（注意yurselves）
3) make neself understd/heard
例题：
Bys, wuld yu please calm __________ (yu) dwn? It’s n use arguing ludly here.
解析：圈出yu，calm的发出者是yu，承受者也是yu。确定填反身代词，圈出bys
答案：yurselves
Yu’d better take a map with ___________ (yu).
解析：圈出with。With的发出者是map，承受者是yu，不是同一个人。所以填宾格。
答案：yu
The wrkers _______________ (they) are hard-wrking.
解析：圈出the wrkers，在主语后面用反身代词
答案：themselves
I can’t speak Japanese, it’s hard t make _______________ (I) understd.
解析：圈出短语make sb. understd表示让某人被理解。只有自己才能让自己被理解，所以填反身代词。
答案：myself
Please be careful, r it will hurt ______________ (yu).
解析：圈出it，hurt的发出者和承受者不是一个人，填宾格。
答案：yu
3. 数词词汇填空题考点：
基数词与序数词：形式
辨析：看后面名词，如果名词是复数，那么就用基数词。如果名词是单数，那么就用序数词（记住千万不能把the当做判断依据）
例题：
Which d yu think is the mst useful inventin in the _________________ (twenty-ne) century?
解析：圈出关键词century，是单数，所以前面要填序数词。
答案：twenty-first
分数表示法：
例题：
It is clear that 75 per cent means the same as three ____________ (fur)
答案：furths
表达几十多
例题：
The bss sitting by the windw set up his biggest shpping mall in his ____________（四十）.
答案：frties
4.介词词汇题考点：注意一些和动词的区分。
1. He said he wuld cme (在……之间) 5 ’clck and 6 ’clck.
2. Kids ▲ (低于) 5 years ld can’t play with this kind f ty.
3. The charity event is ▲ (结束). We all think it is a great success.
4. Ice turns int water when the temperature is ▲ (超过) 0℃.
5. Yu need t put n mre clthes because the temperature will drp t five degrees (在……以下) zer.
6. Steven’s exam results put him _____________ (在中) the tp students f the class.
7. What bad weather! It is said the temperature will drp_____________(以下) 30 degrees.
8. Will we have three days ___________ (休息) after the tugh task is cmpleted?
9. Trains_________（在……之间）cities run faster and faster nw. It takes shrter time t g anywhere yu want.
10. --- Hw lng has the cnference been _________(开始)? --- Abut ne and a half hurs.
11. The Silk Rad spread ver a large area. It was frm eastern China, __________(跨越) Central Asia and the Middle East, t the Mediterranean Sea(地中海).
12. He ften ges t schl _______ (乘) his father’s car.
13. Lk! The windw is brken. The thief must cme in _________(通过)it.
14.Kids _____________ (低于) 10 years ld can’t understand this bk.
答案：
between 2. under 3. ver 4. abve 5. belw 6. amng 7. belw 8. ff
9. between 10. n 11. acrss 12. in 13. thrugh 14. under
5. 形容词副词填空题考点：
形容词修饰名词或者代词，位置：
1) 名词前
2) 系动词后
3) find/think/keep/make sth. +adj. (做宾补)
4) 形容词+enugh
5) 复合不定代词+形容词
副词修饰动词和形容词，位置：
1) 行为动词后面
2) 开头加“，”
3) be动词及形容词或者过去分词中间。
形容词比较级与最高级：
比较级标志词：much even than far than
最高级标志词：ne f 序数词后 the（范围是三者) f all in+地点
简单音节形容词变比较级：(最高级把er改est）
1) 直接+er：
2) 以辅音加y结尾，去y改i加er：如happy-happier
3) 以重读闭音节结尾，双写尾字母加er，如big-bigger
4) 以e结尾直接加r，如nice-nicer.
5) 不规则：much/many-mre-mst little-less-least
gd/well-better-best bad/badly/ill-wrse-wrst
far-farther/further(程度)-farthest/furthest
反义词：
反义前缀：
-in: incrrect incmplete indirect inactive
-dis: disadvantage dislike disappear disagree discver dishnest disabled
disability
-im: impatient imprper impssible implite
其他用un：
3. 形容词与副词辨析：可根据句意或位置进行判断（具体参考单选题考点）
形容词变副词：
1). 直接加ly
2). 以le结尾，去e改y：terrible-terribly cmfrtable-cmfrtably
3). 以辅音加y结尾，去y改i加ly：happily luckily
4). 以e结尾的直接加ly，除了true：cmpletely truly
5). 形副同形：hard fast far early late
6). 有两个副词的：high（形象的）-highly（抽象的） clse（形象的）-clsely（抽象的）
deep（形象的）-deeply（抽象的） wide（形象的）-widely（抽象的）
例题：
In many ways, it was a very _________ (新式的) schl fr its time.
解析：mdern（注意拼写）
Little Tm gt _______ (patient) f all that waiting at last. He culdn’t stay there any lnger.
解析：gt是系动词，后跟形容词，根据句意可知这里要填反义词
答案：impatient
We were t nervus t answer all the questins ________________ (crrect).
解析：answer是行为动词，可知这里应该填副词，而且根据句意是太……而不能……，所以是填正确地
答案：crrectly
Fall in West Hill, Suzhu has a scene f ______________ (usually) beauty. I’ve never seen such clurful leaves.
解析：根据位置，beauty是名词，可知这里要填形容词，将usually改为usual.然后根据句意可知这里是不寻常的，要填反义词。
答案：unusual
I think teaching children in this way ________________ (simple) means making them stressed.
解析：根据位置，修饰的是mean这个动词，所以这里要填副词
答案：simply
6. Yur wrds have made it _________________ (pssible) fr me t speak prperly. What can I say?
解析：根据句型结构make it adj. t d，可知这里填形容词，根据句意可知这里填反义词
答案：impssible
7.The pr yung by became _________________ (success) after ten years f hard wrk.
解析：becme是系动词，可知这里填形容词
答案：successful
8.He was breathing ____________ (heavy) in the crner when I entered the rm.
解析：breathe是动词，可知这里填副词
答案：heavily
9.Which is mre __________ (wide) used in the internatinal business, Chinese r English?
解析：根据位置插在be used中间，应该填副词。而且这里是被广泛使用，是表程度的。
答案：widely
6.动词词汇题考点：
由于词汇题一空一词的设定要求，所以动词在词汇题中变形不难，只有des，ding，dne，did四种形式，关键是要注意变形这回事情，不要只填个单词。appear，agree，like等单词还要注意下反义词。
例题：
1. The twins _____________ (agree) with each ther in many ways, s they ften argued abut everything.
2. I’m tld ________ (hand) in hmewrk n time is my duty.
3.Peple need t buy tickets befre _______(进入)the cinema.
4.Nthing can prevent us frm ____________ (实现) “The China Dream”.
5. He is tall and strng nw, but yu can’t imagine he (重) nly 2 kils at birth.
6. I’m srry t hear that the dg yu nce played a trick n (咬) yu n the hand.
7. The mre children are _____________ (鼓励) , the mre prgress they will make.
8. —Why did yu shut?
— I felt smething ___________ (击中) me n the head.
答案：
disagreed handing entering achieving weighed bit encuraged hit
总结词汇题解题思路及步骤：
判断词性：
名词：形容词、数词、代词、介词后面
如：great inventins tw girls sme/his bks in fear
形容词：系动词后，名词前
如：feel sleepy medical treatment
副词：行为动词后，句子开头，be动词和形容词以及过去分词中间
如：speak highly Luckily, be terribly cld be widely used
2. 根据上面单词表将上面的单词变成需要的词性形式
3. 名词还需要考虑复数，如果是表示时间和人的名词还要注意所有格
形容词副词还要看比较级，最高级和反义词。
比较级标志词：much even than far 句中有其他比较级
最高级标志词：the f+范围 in+地点 ne f 序数词后
其他易考词性：数词 介词 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词 动词（注意时态和句型）
课堂检测
根据汉语、英文释义、首字母或句首，写出句中所缺单词的正确形式。
1.I think it is a _________(the best) place t spend ur summer hliday.
2.With the develpement f the ________(社会), mre and mre peple live a happier life.
3.Write dwn all the _________(persn wh is visiting a place) names here, please!
4.Lsing her child m_________ lsing her whle life.
5.If smking is really as ________(bad) as dctrs say, it’s time fr smkers t try nt t smke.
6.---I’m ging t study hard frm nw n.
---A_______ speak luder than wrds. Yu shuld d it instead f saying.
请根据句意，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
begin pssible nice invite finish they clear help

1.----Is the fruit salad _______? ---Yu’d better wait fr five mre minutes.
2.----Lk at pr Sandy! She is s ________ . Let’s g and help her.
----Ok, let’s g.
3.The little pandas had t lk after ________ when their mther had anther baby.
4.If we dn’t prtct the wetlands. It will be _______ t see these endangered birds.
5.Wuld yu like t send him an ________ letter? I think he will be happy fr sure.
6.The bincle will help yu see the birds much _______.
7.I didn’t knw which T-shirt was _______, s I tk them bth.
8.The ________ f the mvie is interesting, but the rest is bring.
根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当形式填空。
nt be knw prepare mix lead buy
1.T much wrk and t little rest________ t illness s he lked unhealthy.
2.I gt up early in rder ________ late fr schl.
3.Nt nly the twins but als Tm ften _______ salt with suger by mistake in the kitchen.
4.D yu knw which factry he went ________ mre bricks fr his new huse?
5.The Spring Festival is cming. Li lei with his parents________ t visit Hainan Island these days.
6.----Lk! Hw wnderfully Lucy is singing! ---We _______ she culd sing s well.
【参考答案】
1.favurite 2.sciety 3.turists’ 4.means 5.terrible 6.Actins
1.finished 2.helplessness 3.themselves 4.impssible
5.invitatin 6.clearer 7.nicer 8.beginning
1.led 2.nt t be 3.mixes 4. t buy 5.is preparing 6.knew
【解析】
A (略)
B.
1. 过去分词表示被动；
2. be动词后面需用形容词，help的形容词形式的否定是helplessness;
3. 反身代词的用法；
4. 根据句意是“不可能”；
5. 邀请信，invitatin;
6. clear的副词形式还是clear, 此处需要副词的比较级，所以填clearer;
7. nice的比较级，是两者间比较；
8. 句子逻辑，beginning.
C.
1.Jd
2.In rder t 的否定形式in rder nt t be;
3.就近原则，主语是Tm, 动词用三单；
4.不定式表目的；
5.时间状语“these days”,时态用现在进行时；考虑到主语是三单，所以是is preparing;
6.语境考时态，我们早就知道她唱得很棒，用过去式。
句型转换
1. Tm and Jack are careful students,they are bth the tp nes in ur class.(同义句）
Tm studies as ____________as Jack in ur class.
2. Where d yu live?(同义句）
________yur_________?
3. She has the mst expensive bike in her class.(同义句）
Nbdy________bike is mre expensive than_____in her class.
4. The ticket cst him 36 yuan.（划线提问）
Hw much_________the ticket______him?
5.I think it’s nt gd t help yur sn clean up his bedrm, just let him d it.（用had better填写）
I think yu______________,just let him d it
参考答案：1.well ; 2.What’s address; 3.else’s hers; 4.did cst; 5.had better nt help yur sn clean up his bedrm
课后作业
词汇
A) 请根据题中空格后的中文提示、句意或英文释义，写出句中所缺单词。
1、What an_________(terrible)day!
2、There is smething wrng with my car. I need t_________[rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] it.
3、Clthing stre als face heavy_________[ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn] frm factry utlets.
4、The girl was_________[ˈnɜ:vəs]when the teacher asked her t answer the difficult questin.
5、The twins have different hbbies. One enjys reading,_________[waɪl]the ther likes ding sprts.
B) 请根据句意从方框中选用合适的词,并用其适当形式填空
1、Lessn_________is useful fr us students.
2、He didn’t arrive n time but_________gt the gd chance.
3、They lk at each ther and keep the secret t_________.
4、The yung man was still_________when he culd finish his hmewrk.
5、I dn’t like the clr f bluses. Wuld yu please shw me_________.
C) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当形式填空
It is s cld. The temperature _________belw zer already. David_________in bed because he_________ a bad cld tw days ag. His class will have a party t welcme the Chinese New Year next Mnday. As usual, teachers_________sme nice gifts fr students. David hpes he_________the party with his classmates.
参考答案
A：awful require cmpetitin nervus while
B：Eight ，luckily，themselves ，uncertain ，Mre
C:has drpped, is lying；caught, prvide, will attend
D)根据句子意思，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词.
41. Dn’t tuch the ________ (break) glass. It may hurt yur hand.
42. Mre actin must be taken t stp__________(pllute).
43. We hpe that mre_________(China) will win hnur fr ur cuntry.
44. ________(luck), he gt better befre the imprtant cmpetitin.
E）根据句意及汉语提示，写出个单词的正确形式，每空填一词。
45. Every year, ________ (百万) f peple dnate mney t the Hpe Prject.
46. I will be happy if Sandy________ (接受) my ffer.
47. I’ve never_________ (后悔)the decisin t wrk in West China.
48. He has a special _______ (能力) t write with tw hands at the same time.
答案：brken pllutin Chinese luckily
millins accepts regretted ability
them certain luck eight much
attend catch lie prvide drp