人教新目标八年级下册Unit 8 知识点疏理
展开Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Section AWhat’s it like? 它怎么样? Sth. be like… 某事物(就像)……an island full of treasures 一座满是财宝的岛屿full 形容词,表示“满的、充满的、饱的、完全的、忙碌的” be full of意为“充满……”,相当于be filled with。例:The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.房间里装满了人。It is about four sisters growing up. 它是关于四个姐妹成长的。grow up表示“长大、成长”。例:I want to be a football player when I grow up.put sth. down 放下…… 例:I couldn’t put it down.(it指书)我对它爱不释手。the back of (the book) (书)的后面 hurry up意为“赶快、急忙”in a hurry表示“匆忙地、很快地”例:Hurry up, or you will be late for school.快点儿,否则你会迟到的。They went home in a hurry. 他们匆忙地回家了。due 用作形容词,表示“到期的;预定的;应付的”,通常只用作表语。例:When is the train due to arrive in Beijing?火车预计什么时候到北京?due to 归功于;应属于;因为;由于8. in two weeks 两周后“in + 一段时间”意为“多久之后”,常与一般将来时连用。例:We will be back in an hour. 我们将会在一小时后回来。9. based on sth. 在……的基础上10. mark n. 迹象;记号;污点;分数;成绩 v. 做标记;打分;评成绩 the mark of other man’s foot 另一个人的足迹11. Who else is on my island? else此处是副词,意为“另外地、其它”,常置于疑问词或不定代词之后。例: What else do you want? 你还想要什么? I don’t want to be anyone else. 我不想成为其他任何人。【拓展】辨析else和otherelse是副词,修饰疑问词或者不定代词,置于被修饰词之后other作形容词,修饰名词,置于名词之前例:Who else goes with us?What other things can you see?12. how long用来询问时间长度,表示“多长时间;多久”,通常用for或者since来回答。例:How long does it take to finish your homework? For about 30 minutes.常用句型:How long does/did it take (sb.) to do sth.?做某事花了(某人)多长时间? How long have/has sb. done sth.?某人已经做某事多久了?(done表示动词过去分词)13. towards 介词,表示“朝、向” ;跟在动词后面 go/walk/run/drive towards… 朝……走、跑、开去14. in the middle of 表示“在……的中间”,可以指时间或者空间。例:Jo was standing in the middle of the room.15. leave behind 表示“遗留、留下”例:She doesn’t want to leave anything behind. 她不想留下任何东西。16. she can’t wait to read them!①wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”例:We are waiting for the result of the exam. 我们正在等待着考试结果。②wait to do sth.“等待做某事”例:All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.所有乘客正等待着上公交车。③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”例:The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over.下课后孩子们迫不及待地跑出教室。 Section BThe Toms must be popular. must此处表示“一定、肯定”,表示肯定的推测,否定推测用can't be“一定不;不可能”。rock music 摇滚乐 pop music 流行音乐 country music 乡村音乐 classical music 古典乐 jazz music 爵士乐 rap music 说唱音乐while doing sth. 当做某事的时候make notes = take notes 做笔记in your own words 用你自己的话fight over 为……争吵 例:The two sisters always fight over toys.姐妹俩总是因为玩具为争吵。fight over/about sth. with sb. 为……与某人争吵 fight with sb. 与某人争吵、打斗 fight against 为反对……而斗争;和……作斗争 fight for 为(事业、自由、真理、权利等)而斗争,其后一般接抽象名词abroad adv. 在国外;到国外,不能与in、to、at等介词连用,前面也不能用冠词 例:She is on holiday abroad. 她正在国外度假。 I am going to study abroad this year. 我今年打算出国留学。 形近词:aboard adv. & prep. 在(船、飞机)上;上船;登机feelings about returning home 思乡之情come to do sth. 渐渐……、终于……,其后常与realize, know, like, understand等连用。例:It took me one year to come to know him.10. actually adv. 事实上,相当于in fact或者as a matter of fact例:Actually, I don’t think I want to go out tonight.11. ever since 自从 相当于since ever since then 从那以后12. be the home of… 是……的故乡;……的发源地13. belong to 动词短语 “属于、归属”,后接名词或者人称代词宾格作宾语。例:This bike belongs to my sister. 这辆自行车属于我妹妹。14. bring sb. back to 把某人带回到……15. the good old days 过去的美好时光16. be kind to each other 彼此友善 trust one another 彼此信任each other 与one another同意,前者一般指两者,后者指三者以上,但实际上经常可以互换 help each other 互相帮助 learn from each other 互相学习17. free adj. 免费的;自由的;空闲的 The best things in life are free.生活中最好的东西是免费的。18. laughter 通常做不可数名词 “笑;笑声” burst into laughter 突然大笑 laugh v. 笑;大笑19. beauty n. (不可数)美;(可数)美好的事物;美丽的人 beautiful adj. 美丽的;美好的;漂亮的 beautifully adv. 美丽地;完美地;优美地;漂亮地20. have/ has been to +地点名词 表示“去过某地”,表示某人的一种经历,说话时已不在那个地方,常和once, twice, never, ever等连用。当地点为副词时(如there、here),则要省掉to。例:Where have you been?你去哪儿了?I’ve been to the post office. 我去邮局了。(人已不在邮局)Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾去过上海吗?No,I have never been there. 没有,我从来没有去过那儿。【拓展】have/has gone to+地点名词 表示“去了某地”,说话时人已离开此地,在去某地的路上或已在某地或在回来的路上,所以此句型常用于第三人称,不能与时间状语once, twice, never, ever等连用,也不能和for以及since构成的短语连用。例:Where is Simon? 西蒙在哪儿?He has gone to Australia with his family. 他和家人一起去澳大利亚了。(人已不在这儿,在去澳大利亚的路上、已在澳大利亚或从澳大利亚返回的途中)【助记】 have/has been to, have/has gone to意不同,两者用法当分清。 have/has been to+地点,“曾经去过某地”行; have/has gone to+地点,“已去某地”人无踪。“have/has been in +地点名词”表示“在某地待过(多久)”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例:Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经3天了。We have been in China since 5 years ago. 我们自从5年前就来中国了。How long have you been in New York? 你在纽约多久了?21. one day 有一天 例:It is her dream to go there one day. 她梦想有一天能去那儿。 some day 与one daysome day指“将来的某一天”,常用于将来时I hope I can be a teacher some day. one day可以表示“将来的某一天”,作此意讲时,可与some day互换;另外它还可表示“有一天”(常用于故事的开头),常与过去时连用We want to visit the moon one day/some day. One day, a thief was caught stealing in the shop.22. record n. 唱片;记录(hold a record保持记录 break a record打破记录 set a record创造记录) v. 录制;录音23. I hope to see him sing live one day! live此处用作副词,表示“现场直播、现场演出”。TFBOYS is playing live in Shanghai tonight.24. introduce v. 介绍;引荐introduce...to...表示“把……介绍给……”。例:Tom introduced his good friend to me at his birthday party.词性变化:introduction n. 介绍 self-introduction 自我介绍 相当于 introduce oneself25. line n. 行;排;线;线条a straight line 一条直线stand in a line 站成一排cut in line 插队26. at the end of… 在……的结尾/最后 in the end 最后;终于 to the end 把某种行为持续到底 by the end of 到……为止★★★【语法讲解】现在完成时一、现在完成时的定义:①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。二、现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由“主语 + 助动词 have(has) + 动词的过去分词 + 宾语及其他”构成。 一般疑问句是把助动词have/has 提到主语之前 肯定回答:Yes,…have/has. 否定回答:No,…haven’t / hasn’t 否定句是在助动词have/has后加not,缩略形式为haven’t ,hasn’t例句:He has already finished his homework. 他已经做完作业了。He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他还没有做完作业。---Has he finished his homework yet? 他已经做完作业了吗?---Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't. 是的,做完了。/不,还没有。三、现在完成时的用法1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例:---Would you like some bread? 你想要一些面包吗?---No, thanks. I have had my breakfast. 不,谢谢,我已经吃过早饭了。(对现在的影响:不饿)---Why don't you drive to your office? 你为什么不开车去办公室啊?---Because my car has broken. 因为我的车坏了。(对现在的影响:车没办法开了)2、表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。例:He has studied English for 6 years. 他已经学习英语六年了。Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou. 自从从杭州回来,玛丽一直在忙。四、常和现在完成时连用的时间状语1、副词already“已经”和yet“还(没)” already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。例:We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。2、用ever “曾经”和never“从未”。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。例:Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。3、用表示到说话时为止的过去时间状语,如before, up to now, so far, until now, in the past few years等。例:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times in the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。4、用for + 一段时间,since + 时间点。例:I've lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住十五年了。I've lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China. 自从来到中国,格林先生一直在这里工作。五、动词过去分词变化:与过去式变化规则一致 一些常用的不规则变化动词:动词原形过去式过去分词汉语意思be(am, is, are)was,werebeen[bɪn]是,存在bear[bεə]bore[bɔ:]born[bɔ:n]负担, 忍受beat[bi:t]beat[bi:t]beaten['bi:tn](心)跳动,打败becomebecame[bi'keim]become[bi'kʌm]变为beginbegan[bi'ɡæn]begun[bi'ɡʌn]开始blowblew[blu:]blown [bləʊn]吹;刮风breakbroke[brəuk]broken['brəukən]打破bringbrought[brɔ:t]brought[brɔ:t]带来buildbuilt[bilt]built[bilt]修建,建造burn[bə:n]burnt[bə:nt]burnt[bə:nt]燃烧buybought[bɔ:t]bought[bɔ:t]买catchcaught[kɔ:t]caught[kɔ:t]捉,抓choosechose[tʃəuz]chosen['tʃəuzən]选择comecame[keim]come[kʌm]来costcost[kɔst]cost[kɔst]花费cutcut[kʌt]cut[kʌt]割,切dig[diɡ]dug[dʌɡ]dug[dʌɡ]掘(土), 挖(沟)do(does)did[did]done[dʌn]做drawdrew[dru:]drawn[drɔ:n]画画,拉dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt[dremt]做梦drinkdrank[dræŋk]drunk[drʌŋk]喝drivedrove[drəuv]driven[drivən]驾驶eatate[eit]eaten['i:tən]吃fallfell[fel]fallen['fɔ:lən]落下,跌倒feedfed[fed]fed[fed]喂养feelfelt[felt]felt[felt]觉得,摸fightfought[fɔ:t]fought[fɔ:t]打架,战斗findfoundfound发现,找到flyflew[flu:]flown[fləun]飞,驾驶forgetforgot[fə'ɡɔt]forgotten[fə'ɡɔtn]忘记getgot[ɡɔt]got/gotten['ɡɔtən]得到givegave[ɡeiv]given['ɡivən]给gowent[went]gone[ɡɔn]去growgrew[ɡru:]grown[ɡrəun]生长hang hung[hʌŋ] hung悬挂havehad[hæd, həd]had[hæd, həd]有hearheard[hə:d]heard[hə:d]听见hidehid[hid]hidden['hidən]隐藏hithit[hit]hit[hit]打,撞holdheld[held]held[held]拥有,握住,支持hurthurt[hə:t]hurt[hə:t]受伤keepkept[kept]kept[kept]保持knowknew[nju:]known[nəʊn]知道laylaid[leid]laid[leid]下蛋, 放置leadled[led]led[led]引导, 带领, 领导learnlearned/learnt[lə:nt]learned/learnt[lə:nt]学习leaveleft[left]left[left]离开lendlent[lent]lent[lent]借给letlet[let]let[let]让lielay[lei]lain[lein]躺;位于lightlit/lighted[lit]lit/lighted[lit]点燃, 照亮loselost[lɔst, lɔ:st]lost[lɔst, lɔ:st]失去makemade[meid]made[meid]制造meanmeant[ment]meant[ment]意思是,打算meetmet[met]met[met]遇见mistakemistook[mi'stuk]mistaken [mɪˈsteɪkən]弄错; 误解,paypaid[peid]paid[peid]付款putput[put]put[put]放,置readread[red]read[red]读ride[raid]rode[rəud]ridden['ridən]骑ringrang[ræŋ]rung[rʌŋ]打电话,响riseroserisen上升,增高runran[ræn]run[rʌn]跑saysaid[sed]said[sed]说seesaw[sɔ:]seen[si:n]看sellsold[səuld]sold[səuld]卖sendsent[sent]sent[sent]发送setset[set]set[set]放置shakeshookshaken动摇shine[ʃain]shone[ʃɒn]shone[ʃɒn]发光;照射showshowedshown['ʃəun]显示shutshut[ʃʌt]shut[ʃʌt]关闭singsang[sæŋ]sung[sʌŋ]唱歌sitsat[sæt]sat[sæt]坐sleepslept[slept]slept[slept]睡觉smellsmelled/smelt[smelt]smelled/smelt[smelt]闻speakspoke[spəuk]spoken['spəukən]讲speedsped[sped]/speededsped/speeded加速spellspelled/spelt[spelt]spelled/spelt[spelt]拼写spendspent[spent]spent[spent]花费spreadspread[spred]spread[spred]蔓延standstood[stud]stood[stud]站立stealstolestolen['stəulən]偷stickstuck[stʌk]stuck[stʌk]刺;戳;粘贴swimswam[swæm]swum[swʌm]游泳taketook[tuk]taken['teikn, 'teikən]拿teachtaught[tɔ:t]taught[tɔ:t]教telltold[təuld]told[təuld]告诉thinkthought[θɔ:t]thought[θɔ:t]想;认为throwthrew[θru:]thrown[θrəun]丢;投掷understandunderstood [ˌʌndəˈstʊd] understood [ˌʌndəˈstʊd] 理解wakewoke[wəuk]woken['wəukən]醒,唤醒wearwore[wɔ:]worn[wɔ:n]穿winwon[wʌn]won[wʌn]赢writewrote[rəut]written['ritən]写