考点07-简单句-2022年小升初衔接英语训练营（通用版）

考点七  简单句

【课程讲解】

————小学初中课程概要————

【知识再现】

 ————小学知识总结————

简单句

————初中知识归纳————

根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。

　　1）简单句的五种基本句型

　　1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V] 如：The children are playing happily.

　　2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] 如：The Greens enjoy living in China.

　　3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]

　　该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等The apple pie tastes really delicious.

　　4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+IO+DO]

　　这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：

　　① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me.

　　② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.

5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC] We must keep our school clean.

十大词类：

1.名词 Nouns (n.)名词的复数形式Plural form  (pl.)

不可数名词uncountable noun( U )可数名词countable noun (C)

2.代词 Pronouns (pron.)  

3.形容词  Adjectives(adj.\ a.)

4.数词 Numerals(num.)   

5.副词 Adverbs（adv.）  

6.冠词 Articles (art.) 

7.介词 Prepositions (prep.)

8.连词 Conjunctions (conj.)

9.感叹词 Interjections (int.)

10.动词 Verb (v.) 及物动词Transitive verbs (vt.)不及物动词 Intransitive verbs (vi.)

系动词   (link-v.)    助动词    Auxiliary werbs (aux.v.)

情态动词 Modal verbs (mod.v.)

句子成分：

1.主语 Subject （S）         2.谓语Verb (V)      3.表语Predicate (P)

4.宾语 Object (O)             5.间接宾语Indirect Object (IO)

6.直接宾语Direct Object (DO)  7.宾语补足语 Object Coplement (OC)

8.定语 Attribute (attrib)        9.状语Adverbial

10.同位语 Appositive(=Apposition)(APP)

简单句(Simple sentence)

根据简单句的基本结构可将简单句分为以下五种基本句型：

基本句型一： S+V(主+谓)  

谓语动词大多是vi. (英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，把动词分为不及物动词和圾物动词)

基本句型二：    S+V+P(主+系+表)   (表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的ing或从句来充当)

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：

1.表示状态的连系动词 有：be，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，seem，appear，keep，remain等等。

2.表示转变或结果的系动词 有：become，get，grow，turn，go，fall，run, come，turn, prove(证明是=turn out)等等。

（口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它.）

基本句型三：   S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 谓语动词应为vt.及物动词短语。 (宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句来充当。)

基本句型四：  S+V+IO+DO   (主+谓+间宾+直宾) (间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。二者统称为“双宾语”)

规律：

1) 表示“替”、“为”用for，如：buy，choose，cook，order，save(储存)，spare(抽出)等等

2）表示“给”用to，如：give，hand，pass，post，promise，tell，show，teach，lend，return，bring 等等

基本句型五：S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)（这种句型中的“宾语+宾补”可统称为“复合宾语”。充当补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或动词不定式等。）

【典型例题】

一、单选题。

1．Lisa is a great runner and she is ________ running.

A．good with B．good at C．good to D．good for

2．These trees can give us much fresh air. Please don't ________ .

A．cut it down B．cut down it C．cut them down D．cut down them

3．—Would you help me ________ my English book? I can’t find it.

—Sure!

A．look after B．look around C．look for D．look at

4．My sister usually goes to school ________ bus, but she ________ her bike there today.

A．by; rides B．on; rides C．by; drives

5．Kim likes having science lessons, but he ________ science homework.

A．likes B．like C．doesn’t like D．don’t like

6．He wants ________ and ________.

A．two kilos of pork; some apple juice B．two kilo of pork; any apple juices

C．two kilo of porks; some apple juice D．two kilos of porks; any apples juice

7．—Sir, don't smoke here. Look at the sign on the wall.

—Sorry, I _________ the sign.

A．don't notice B．didn't notice

C．haven't noticed D．won't notice

8．“Keep off the grass” means        .

A．we shouldn’t make any noise on the grass

B．we shouldn’t walk on the grass

C．we shouldn’t eat or drink on the grass

D．we shouldn’t smoke on the grass

9．Linda  ________ her homework but ________ on weekends.

A．doesn’t do; watch TV B．doesn’t do; watches TV

C．doesn’t; watch TV D．doesn’t; watches TV

10．—Do you like pears, Gina?

—________. But my sister likes them very much.

A．Yes, she does. B．No, I don’t.

C．No, I am not. D．Yes, I do.

11．They are ___________ in the ___________ story.

A．interested；interested B．interesting；interesting

C．interested；interesting D．interesting；interested

12．---Where is Tony now?

---I saw him ______ in the garden just now and I told him _____.

A．play; go home    B．playing; to go home    C．to play; goes home    D．play; going home

二、根据所给要求，改写下列句子。

13．The girls don't know what they can do next. (改为简单句)

The girls don't know what ________ next.

14．I don't know how I can get to the hospital. （改为简单句）

I don't know________ to the hospital.

三、根据句子意思，用所给词的正确形式填空。

15．We are _____, we love our country. (China)

16．I watch TV ______ a week. (two)

17．Many people lose their _____ in the accidents every year. (life)

18．That is a townhouse with two ______. (floor)

19．There are so many books on the two _______. (shelf)

20．We should learn to __________the plastic bags.(use)

四、看图写话，要求使用简单句的基本句型。

21． Mike, for us

_____________________________

22． Lisa's mother, want, become

_____________________________

23． Dick, often, bedroom

_____________________________

24． come out, in 2017

_____________________________

25． Dave, look

_____________________________