专题01 名词_备战2022年小升初英语必考语法和题型
展开专题01 名词
一、名词的概念
名词是某个人或物的名称,或是某类人或物的抽象名称。如:book 书、elephant 大象、tea 茶、teacher 教师、water水、time时间等。
二、名词的分类
个体名词:girl, lake, book
可数名词(单数/复数) 集体名词:family, class, police
普通名词 不可数名词 物质名词:milk, rice, bread
名词 抽象名词:homework, news, weather
专有名词:表示国家、人名、地名、组织、机构、语言、月份、星期、节日等的专有名称,首字母要大写。如:China, Mike, Beijing, World Trade Organization(WTO),English, March, Sunday, Teachers' Day
功能用法:名词在句子中做主语,宾语或表语等。
考点1:名词的数
1. 可数名词:表示____________________________的词。可数名词有______和______两种形式。
(1) 名词复数的规则变化:
情况 | 词尾变化 | 例 词 |
|
| book---______ |
boy---______ | ||
|
| watch---________ |
|
| photo---________ tomato---________ |
|
| baby---________ |
|
| leaf---________ |
(2) 名词的复数不规则变化:
不规则变化 | man—________, woman—________, policeman—______________ tooth—________, foot—________, child—________ |
单复数同形 | sheep—________, fish—________ Chinese—________, Japanese—____________(日本人) |
常用复数的词 | ________(鞋子), _________(眼镜) , ________(裤子) ________(短袜), __________(筷子), ________(楼梯) |
(3) 某国人的单数变复数的规则:中日不变,英法变,其余加s
a Chinese—________________ (10个中国人)
a Japanese—________________(9个日本人)
a Frenchman—________________________ (3个中法国人)
an Englishman—________________________ (4个中英国人)
an Indian—________________ (5个印度人)
a German—________________ (6个德国人)
2. 不可数名词:________________________________________________。如________,________等。
(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能用________, ________修饰,但可用the来修饰。 如:
The bread and the egg are delicious. 面包和鸡蛋非常可口。
(2) 不可数名词表示数量时,常用“________________________________________”这一结构来表示。如:
________________一片面包 ________________________四瓶水
(3) 不可数名词前可用some , a little , much, any, a lot of等来表示不确切的数,如:
________________一些水 ________________________许多面包
3. 小升初常见的不可数名词:
肉类:________________________________ 液体类:________________________________
食物(总称)类:________________________ 天气类:________________________________
其他:________________________________
考点2:名词所有格
1. ’s所有格形式,表示有生命的东西的所有格
’s所有格形式
| 单词形式 | 构成方式 | 举例 |
普通单数名词 | 在词尾加’s | ________________________露西的妈妈 | |
词尾不带-s的复数名词 | 在词尾加’s | ________________________少年宫 | |
词尾已有-s的复数名词 | 在词尾加’ | ________________________教师节 | |
几个人共同拥有一件东西 | 在最后一个词的词尾后加上’s | ________________________________ 玛丽和露西共有的教室 | |
每个人分别拥有某物 | 在每个词的词尾后加上’s | ________________________________ 玛丽和露西各自的教室 | |
表示时间、距离、城市等 | 可以在其词后加’s | ________________________ 今天的报纸 ________________________ (走路)五分钟的路程 |
2. of所有格形式,表示无生命的东西的所有格
形式:名词+ of +名词。如:
________________________房间的窗户
__________________________我的家庭照片
________________________一张中国地图
基础训练
一、 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词。(共5分)
peach water zoo sister coffee knife snow tea
rain car teacher homework ear juice beef milk
二、写出下列名词的复数形式。 (每小题1分,共15分)
1. watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.knife___________ 4. dog__________
5. dish__________ 6.child___________ 7. nurse__________ 8.desk__________
9. boy____________ 10. baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye___________
13. sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library________
三、 用括号内所给名词的适当形式填空。 (每小题1分,共10分)
- We have three________ (pen).
- I have some good ________ (news) for you.
- The green sweater is his __________ (brother).
- There is a little _________ (juice) in the bottle.
- My uncle has three ________ (child).
- There are a few __________ (watch) on the desk.
- Many__________ (leaf) are on the ground.
- He has some__________ (bread).
- She has got some __________ (photo) of her friend Mike.
- How many__________ (people) are there in your family?
四、 单项选择。 (每小题1分,共5分)
( ) 1.We have some ________, but we need some ________.
A. tomatos; potatos B. tomatoes; potatos C. tomatoes; potatoes D. tomatos; potatoes
( ) 2. The thief has two ________.
A. knife B. knifs C. knives D. knifes
( ) 3. English _______ my favourite subject.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
( ) 4. The room is ________.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy’s and Lily’s D. Lucy and Lily’s
( ) 5. Can you give me ________.
A. some milk B. some milks C. a milk D. milks
巩固提升
(限时15分钟 满分30分)
一、写出下列单词的复数形式。(每小题1分,共10分)
1. policeman—__________ 2. foot—__________ 3. flower—_____________
4. cat—___________ 5. potato—__________ 6. park—__________
7. family—____________ 8. Chinese—_______ 9. people—_______________
10. wife—_________
二、单项选择。 (每小题1分,共10分)
( ) 1. My little sister has only two _______ now.
A. tooth B. toothes C. teeth D. teeths
( ) 2. The ________on the hills are all white.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. dog D. cat
( ) 3. These new ________are for you.
A. skirt B. shoe C. socks D. shirt
) 4. I’d like three________ tea.
A. cups B. cups of C. / D. cup
( ) 5. ________ hat is pink. ________ hat is black.
A. Linda; Her mother B. Linda’s; Her mothers’
C. Linda’s; Her mother’s D. Linda ; Her mother’s
( ) 6. — When is ________? — September the tenth.
A. Teacher Day B. the Teacher’s Day
C. the Teachers’ Day D. Teachers’ Day
( ) 7. There is ________ cola in the cup.
A. a B. any C. some D. /
( ) 8. The road is _________ long.
A. eight kilometers B. eight kilometer
C. two meter D. two meters
( ) 9. Is the _______ from America?
A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens
( ) 10. ________ love seeing Zhou Dongyu’s movies.
A. A people B. Peoples C. People’s D. People
三、用所给的名词的正确形式填空。(每小题2分,共10分)
1. This is my book. That is _________ (Tom) book.
2. There is some _________ (meat) in the fridge(冰箱).
3. Look at these __________ ( baby ). How lovely they are.
4. There are seven _________ (day) in a week.
5. I want five kilos of _________ (noodle).
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