第8讲 预习+巩固+娴熟+突破-【暑假辅导班】2022年高二英语暑假精品课程（外研版）学案

2022年新高二暑假精品课程 之 预习+巩固+娴熟+突破

第八讲(解析版）

1．welfare n．帮助；福利

2．assumption n．假定，假设→assume v．假定；假设；认为

3．saving n．积蓄→save v．挽救；拯救；储蓄；收集

4．psychology n．心理，心理过程→psychological adj.心理的；心理学的→psychologically心理上地；心理学地

5．finding n．研究的结果；发现→find v．发现，碰到；查明，找出

6．frightful adj.可怕的→fright n．惊吓；恐怖→frighten v．使惊吓；使惊恐→frightened adj.惊吓的；受惊的；害怕的→frightening adj.引起恐惧的；使惊恐的；骇人的

7．sensitive adj.敏感的→sense n．感觉，意识；理解力　v．感觉到；意识到→sensitivity n．体贴；敏锐的感觉；敏感

8．loyal adj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实

Ⅱ.短语互译

1．in secret 秘密地

2．set a record 创造纪录

3．donate...to 把……捐赠给……

4．to sum up 总之；概括地说；总而言之

5．regard...as 将……认为；把……视为

6．grow_up 长大成人；成熟

7．in_the/one's_search_for 寻求，寻找

8．in_reality 事实上；实际上

1 assumption n．假定，假设

assume v．假定；假想； 以为；假装；装作；担任；承担

assuming conj.假设……为真；假如

[教材原句]How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it's not always obvious who is truly happy. (P5)

别人的感受不是我们应该假设的，因为谁真正快乐并不总是显而易见的。

[归纳拓展]

(1)make an assumption认为；假定

(2)assume sth.假设……；假装……

assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为

It is assumed that...据认为……

(3)assuming (that)．..＝suppose/supposing (that)．..假定……；设想……

[品读高考]

A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow­up for one of the visitors' centers.

一位深思熟虑的官员把其中一些副本交给了公园管理部门，他认为他们给其中一个游客中心拍到了一张特别好的放大的照片。

[经典例句]

It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions.

臆断人们的反应是不可能的。

We assume  before hearing any evidence against him.

在听到对他不利的证词之前，我们假定他是无罪的。

It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.

人们普遍认为压力来自过多的工作。

His look of astonishment was assumed.

他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。

We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.

我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。

[名师点津]

assuming可以用作连词，表示“假设……为真，假如”，引导从句，此用法同suppose, supposing, providing, provided, given that。

Assuming/Suppose/Supposing the account is authentic, what should we do now?

假定这个说法是可信的，我们现在该怎么办？

[易混辨析]

assume和suppose

He assumed that prices would rise and therefore, he stored much food.

他认为价格要上涨，因而就储存了很多的食物。

I suppose it will rain.

我认为将要下雨。

[图画助记]

Assume the toy car belongs to me，and I'll let you play first.

假设那个玩具车是我的，我就先让你玩。

[即时巩固]

单句语法填空

①Assuming (assume) that we can't get the necessary equipment，we will have to give up the experiment.

②My calculations were based on the assumption (assume) that house prices would remain stable.

③It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption.(assume)

2

[教材原句]He has the outward appearance of the King of the Beasts, but he has a timid and sensitive character, which causes him to believe he is a coward. (P7)

他外表像百兽之王，但性格胆小敏感，这使他相信自己是个懦夫。

Compared with adults, children are more sensitive to others' feelings.

与成人相比，孩子们对别人的感受更敏感。

[归纳拓展]

(1)be sensitive to对……敏感

(2)in a sense从某种意义上来说；多少有点

in no sense决不

make sense讲得通；有道理

make sense of理解；明白

(3)sense n．感觉，意识；理解力　v．感觉到；意识到

sensitivity n．体贴；敏锐的感觉；敏感

[易混辨析]

sensitive与sensible

It may be a sensitive topic, so we had better avoid it.

这可能是一个敏感的话题，因此我们最好不提它。

He is sensible of his own shortcomings.

他对自己的缺点心知肚明。

[即时巩固]

完成句子

①Donna is_sensitive_to strong smells.

唐娜对强烈的气味很敏感。

②Some plants are_so_sensitive_to pollution that they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment.

有些植物对污染如此敏感，以至于它们只能在非常干净的环境里生存下去。

单句语法填空

③The girl doesn't have confidence in her ability to enter a key university and she is very sensitive to anything concerned with it.

选词填空(sensible/sensitive)

④Some plants are very sensitive to light. They prefer the shade.

⑤I think it is a very sensible suggestion.

3 do.nate...to 把……捐赠给……

Now I have one million dollars. I can donate the money to the poor children.

现在我有了一百万，我能把钱捐给穷孩子。

[归纳拓展]

 (1)donate...to do sth.捐赠/捐献……做某事

(2)donation n．捐赠；捐献

make a donation to向……捐赠

collect donations for为……募捐

(3)donator n．捐赠者

donated adj.捐赠的

[即时巩固]

 单句语法填空

①The old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom.

②She made a donation (donate) of a thousand dollars to the earthquake­stricken area.

③Volunteers came with carloads of donated (donate) clothing and toys.

He has the outward appearance of the King of the Beasts， but he has a  timid and sensitive character， which causes him to believe he is a coward. P7

他外表像百兽之王，但性格胆小敏感，这使他相信自己是个懦夫。

[句式分析]

 这是一个主从复合句。but连接两个并列的句子，后面which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中充当主语，指代整个主句的内容。

He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.

他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

主语从句

Ⅳ.语法初探——单句语法填空

1．Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.

2．It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe in yourself.

3．It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.

4．What he referred to in his article was unknown to the ge­neral reader.

5．What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

6．It doesn't matter whether he likes it or not.

7．Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.

8．It is certain that she will succeed.

9．It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.

一、主语从句的定义

在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，叫主语从句。

二、引导主语从句的连接词

引导主语从句的连接词有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。

1．从属连词that和whether。

(1)that引导的主语从句。

That he will come to the meeting is certain.

他来参加会议是一定的。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.

你将要来伦敦是这么久以来我听到的最好的消息。

(2)whether引导的主语从句。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.

它是否对我们有害还要看一看。

Whether they would support us was a problem.

他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。

[名师点津]

(1)that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用。

(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。

2．连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。

连接代词引导从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

①The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)

截止日期和你需要申请的东西取决于这个计划。

②Who will go to the concert is not known.(who引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)

不知道谁会去听音乐会。

③Which book they will choose is still unknown.(which引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语)

不知道他们会选哪本书。

④Whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.(whoever引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)

任何违反了交通规则的人都要受到惩罚。

3．连接副词when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。

连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。

①When we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.(when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语)

我们还没决定何时举行运动会。

②How they will reach the top of the high mountain is still under discussion.(how引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)

他们仍在讨论如何到达那座高山的山顶。

③Why we haven't met each other for a long time is that she has gone to work abroad.(why引导主语从句，并在从句中作原因状语)

我们有很长时间没有见面的原因是她已去国外工作。

[名师点津]

(二)主语从句中应注意的问题

1．从句的语序要用陈述语序。

①When we will set off is still under discussion.

我们什么时候动身还在讨论中。

②Whoever leaves the room last is asked to turn off the lights.

任何最后离开的人都要把灯关掉。

2．从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。

Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.

毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。

[名师点津]

what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。

①What the school needs much are books.

这所学校需要的是书。

②What the school needs much is money.

这所学校需要的是钱。

3．从句的时态一般要取决于主句。

They lost their way in the forest and what made things worse was that night began to fall.

他们在森林里迷路了，更糟糕的是夜幕开始降临。

[即时巩固]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.

2．What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.

3．It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

4．Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

5．Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

6．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

7．Whoever burns the forest should be punished.

8．Whether the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is what I'm especially worried about.

9．—Mrs White looks old for her age.

—Yes. It worries her most that her hair is turning gray.

10．It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

11．Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.

12．It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over.

13．It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.

14．What is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift.

15．What was most important to her，she told me，was her family.                                 

Ⅲ.完成句子

   1.Whether_we_will_hold_a_party_in_the_open_air_tomorrow depends on the weather.

我们明天是否在户外举办聚会要看天气而定。

2．When_we_shall_hold_our_sports_meeting is not decided.

我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。

3．Who_broke_the_glass_yesterday is not clear.

还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。

4．Which_car_you_will_choose_to_buy makes no difference.

你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。

5．It_is_necessary that you (should)master the computer.

你很有必要掌握电脑。

6．It_is_important that a student learn English well.

学生学好英语很重要。

7．It_is_likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.

飓风很可能马上就要来了。

8．It_is_said_that he was killed in the earthquake.

据说他在地震中丧生了。

9．That_light_travels_in_straight_lines is known to all.

众所周知，光线沿直线运行。

10．It_is_well_known_that the earth moves around the sun.

众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。