2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十四）

这是一份2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十四），共6页。
2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十四）一：词组梳理1．throw away抛弃；浪费2．throw off扔掉，摆脱掉；匆匆脱掉衣服3．throw up举起，抛起；吐出，呕吐4．in public 公开地， 当众5．on purpose（=by intention， deliberately）故意6．to the purpose （=useful for one's purpose）得要领的， 中肯的7．be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格 be qualified for 在某种职业上合格8．call…in question 对…表示怀疑9．take it easy放轻松啦啦~慢慢来~10．take off飞机起飞；匆匆离开；脱去，拿去，取消11．take on承担；从事；呈现；具有12．take out拿出，取出，拔去13．take over继承，接管，最终取代14．take up开始从事，着手处理；拿起；占据；消耗；接纳15．beyond （all） question （=without question） 毫无疑问16．out of the question （=impossible）不可能的17．in question （=under discussion）所谈及的；18．without question 毫无疑问19．be caught in the rain 被雨淋了20．at random （=without aim or purpose） 随便地， 任意地， 胡乱地21．range over （=cove， include） 范围包括22．take down拿下，取下；拆毁，拆卸；记下23．take in吸收，吸取，摄取；包括；接受，收容；理解，领悟；受骗24．(take a seat   就坐)25．(take a shower   淋浴，洗澡)26．(take care of  当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责)27．range between 范围在……与……之间不等28．at any rate （=at all events）无论如何，总之29．beyond the reach of 无法达到（得到，理解）30．out of reach of 无法够到。 within reach of （or within one's reach够得到 ，能拿到31．react to 对…作出反应32．react on upon 对…产生影响33．react against 作出反抗或反对反应34．（be） ready for 准备好做…35．in reality （=in fact， really） 事实上36．beyond all reason 没有道理的37．by reason of （=because of） 由于，因为38．it stands to reason that …理所当然39．reason with （=argue） 劝说40．take away拿走，减去；夺去，消除41．take after长得像，性格来自于42．take back取回，带回，归还，取消，撤回43．take ~~ for  把~~当作44．(take one’s place  就坐，入坐)45．(take one’s temperature  量体温)46．(take part in  参与，参加)47．(take place = happen  发生，举行)48．(take the place of  代替)49．throw about乱扔(东西)50．throw at投向二：习题训练（A） To address the plastic pollution troubling the world’s seas and waterways, Cornell University chemists have developed a new polymer (聚合物) that can degrade (降解) when exposed to ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation, according to the research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.“We have created a new plastic that has the mechanical properties required by commercial fishing gear. If it eventually gets lost in the water environment, this material can degrade on a realistic time scale,” said lead researcher Bryce Lipinski, professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Cornell University. “This material could reduce persistent plastic accumulation in the environment.”Commercial fishing contributes to about half of all floating plastic waste that ends up in the oceans. Fishing nets and ropes are primarily made from three kinds of polymers, none of which easily degrade. “While research of degradable plastics has received much attention in recent years,” Lipinski said, “obtaining a material with the mechanical strength comparable to commercial plastic remains a difficult challenge.”Coates and his research team have spent the past 15 years developing the new plastic called isotactic polypropylene oxide, or iPPO. While its original discovery was in 1949, the mechanical strength of this material was unknown before this recent work. The high isotacticity and polymer chain length of their material makes it different from previous plastics and provides its mechanical strength.Lipinski noted that while iPPO is stable in ordinary use, it eventually breaks down when exposed to UV light. The change in the plastic’s composition is evident in the laboratory, but “visually, it may not appear to have changed much during the process,” he said, “The rate of degradation is light intensity-dependent, but under their laboratory conditions, the polymer chain lengths degraded to a quarter of their original length after 30 days of exposure.”Lipinski and other scientists want no trace of the polymer to be left in the environment. He notes there is precedent for the biodegradation of small chains of iPPO which could effectively make it disappear and ongoing efforts aim to prove this.1．What is special about the new polymer?A．It can reduce plastic consumption. B．It is expected to lower fishing costs.C．It can degrade plastic waste in the sea water. D．It has been developed to solve plastic pollution.2．What can we infer from paragraph 3?A．Fishing should be forbidden in the sea.B．It requires great effort to invent the new plastic.C．Nets and ropes are not the major pollution source.D．Degradable plastics were not studied until recently.3．What did the recent study find about iPPO?A．Its original use. B．Its special intensity.C．Its mechanical strength. D．Its complex composition.4．What is Lipinski’s attitude towards the future of iPPO?A．Hopeful. B．Indifferent. C．Skeptical. D．Negative. （B）In ancient China lived an artist. ___1___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___2___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. ___3___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with ___4___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___5___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___7___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___8___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. ___9___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____10____ earth, Mother Nature.答案及解析A【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。《美国化学会志》上发表的一项研究中提到，为了解决困扰世界海洋和水道的塑料污染问题，康奈尔大学的化学家们研发了一种新的聚合物，该聚合物暴露在紫外线辐射下可降解。文章主要说明了这一新材料的一些特点优势，和仍然面临的一些问题。1．细节理解题。根据第一段To address the plastic pollution troubling the world’s seas and waterways, Cornell University chemists have developed a new polymer (聚合物) that can degrade (降解) when exposed to ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation, according to the research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.可知，根据发表在《美国化学学会杂志》上的研究，为了解决困扰世界海洋和水道的塑料污染问题，康奈尔大学的化学家们开发了一种新的聚合物，这种聚合物暴露在紫外线辐射下可以降解。由此可知，这种新型聚合物的特别之处在于它是为了解决塑料污染而发展起来的。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“While research of degradable plastics has received much attention in recent years,” Lipinski said, “obtaining a material with the mechanical strength comparable to commercial plastic remains a difficult challenge.”可知，Lipinski说：“虽然近年来可降解塑料的研究受到了很大关注，但获得一种机械强度可与商业塑料媲美的材料仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。”由此推知，发明这种新塑料需要很大的努力。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据第四段中The high isotacticity and polymer chain length of their material makes it different from previous plastics and provides its mechanical strength.可知，其材料的高等度和聚合物链长度使其不同于以往的塑料，并提供了机械强度。由此可知，最近的研究发现了iPPO可以提供机械强度。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段Lipinski and other scientists want no trace of the polymer to be left in the environment. He notes there is precedent for the biodegradation of small chains of iPPO which could effectively make it disappear and ongoing efforts aim to prove this.可知，Lipinski和其他科学家不希望这种聚合物残留在环境中。他指出，iPPO小链的生物降解已有先例，可以有效地使其消失，而正在进行的努力旨在证明这一点。由此推知，Lipinski对iPPO未来的态度是充满希望的。故选A。 B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。1.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。2.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。3.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。4..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。5.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。6.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。8.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds  69   (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。10.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。