2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（七）

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2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（七）一：词组梳理1．双方的论点 argument on both sides2．发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…3．对…必不可少 be indispensable to …4．正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:5．…也不例外 …be no exception6．on business 出差办事。7．be busy with sth于某事  be busy doing sth 忙于做某事8．last but one 倒数第二。9．but for （=without） 要不是。 表示假设10．buy sth for…money 用多少钱买11．be capable of 能够有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的12．in any case（=for love or money， at any rate， at any price， at any cost ， whatever happens； anyhow）无论如何13．in case （=for fear that） 万一；14．in case of （=in the event of）如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…， 就…而言15．in no case在任何情况下都不（放句首倒装句）16．be cautious of 谨防17．center one's attention on（=focus one's attention on） 把某人的注意力集中在…上18．be certain of （=be sure of） 有把握， 一定。19．for certain of （=for sure ）肯定地，有把握地20．by chance（=accidentally， by accident）偶然21．for a change换换环境（花样等）22．charge sb with …控告某人犯有…23．in charge of （=responsible for） 负责（某事）in the charge of …由…管24．take charge of （=to be or become responsible for）负责管理（照顾）25．charge…for 因…索取（费用） ， charge sb with sth 控告某人犯有…26．round the clock（=all day and all night， usually without stopping） 昼夜不停地27．comment on 评论28．commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb to prison把某人送进监狱； commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来； commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论29．in common （和…）有共同之处，共用。 be common to sb 是与某人所共有的30．keep company with （=be friendly and go out together） 和…要好。31．compare…with … 把…与…比较32．compare…to… 把…比作…33．by comparison 比较起来34．in comparison with （=in contrast to） 和…比起来35．compensate for （=give sth to make up for） 补偿， 赔偿，弥补 compensate sb for sth 赔偿，弥补36．complain of （or about）抱怨；诉苦；控告；complain about 抱怨某人或事情； complain to sb about sth （or sb） 向某人抱怨…； complain （抱怨）； complement （补充）； compliment （恭维）37．完全不同的观点 a totally different argument38．一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…39．就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, /Personally,40．就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…41．有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons二：习题训练（A）Leadership lessons from SingaporeThe COVID-19 outbreak is causing alarm around the world, but here in Singapore, the small island country has managed to mostly contain the spread quite rapidly. 1．Learning from the past -- ready for the future. “Here is your key card, office key and personal thermometer,” said the university administrator when I started teaching many years ago. I was puzzled with the thermometer as a standard-issue device for every employee. 2． Since I was not here during the 2003 SARS outbreak, I never appreciated the importance of having a thermometer in my desk drawer, but now I use it twice daily.   3．  “Every instructor must complete the training for delivering their courses online in case of emergency,” the university told us over seven years ago. It seemed a bit unnecessary at the time. But all of us completed the training -- and were retested each semester. Who would have thought that in 2020 we would need to shift more than 1,000 courses online with less than 12 hours' notice! That could not have been accomplished without the previous efforts. Clarifying expectations -- universal diligence. “Stop right there! Give me 10 feet and then you can come by,” says my colleague as I meet her in the common hallway. 4．  Large gatherings are canceled and restaurants are empty as we all spend more time at home to avoid interactions with others. To enter a mall, restaurant or any building on our campus, you must pass a temperature screening and often record your presence. 5．  In spite of the global crisis, classes and university operations have continued without disruption.A．The virus is hard to contain.B．Planning alternatives -- the ability to move quickly.C．As a witness, I must share a few leadership lessons.D．The nation’s readiness for emergencies helps to fight the virus.E. How often do we really take lessons from the past to protect our future?F. In fact, I once joked that they should also give us a snorkel(水肺) in case of tsunamis.G. We are still friends, but it is our responsibility to avoid unnecessary human contact.（B）It would not be an overstatement to say that salt is one of the greatest discoveries in the history of mankind. Just imagine how tasteless our food would have been had salt not been discovered. Apart, from adding flavor to our food, it is also an essential ingredient for the health of both man as well as animals, provided it is taken in the right quantities. Salt is also used by the food processing and meat packing industries as a seasoning or preservative ingredient.Salt has always been helpful in the building of communities and societies, as man normally built his settlements around the sources of salt. At one point of time, salt was also used as a currency. Today, there are many countries around the world that are working hard to extract (提炼) salt so that we can enjoy our food to the fullest. Some of these are producing enough salt to satisfy the requirement of the entire world, while others are producing just enough to support their own people.According to the British Geological Survey, China is the top salt producer in the world. The United States of America occupies the second position, and India, finishing a distant third. Other countries that, made it among the top ten salt producing nations’ list were Canada, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Chile, France and the Netherlands.Countries that produced more than 1 million tonnes of salt in 2017 included Peru, Bangladesh, Thailand, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Romania, Egypt, Poland, and the United Kingdom, to name a few. Ranked at the bottom of the list were the African nations of Mauritania and Djibouti.So, the next time you take your meal and add a pinch of salt to make it more delicious, do share a thought for the numerous salt workers around the world due to whom our food tastes so perfect.1．What do we know from the first paragraph?A．Man will die without salt. B．The more salt, the better food.C．Salt intake should be proper. D．Salt is an optional ingredient.2．What does the underlined word “these” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．Countries. B．Settlements.C．Sources. D．Communities.3．Where does Mexico rank in salt production in the world?A．Fifth. B．Sixth. C．Seventh. D．Eighth.4．What is the author’s attitude toward those who produce salt?A．Regretful. B．Grateful. C．Doubtful. D．Faithful. 答案及解析A【答案】CFBGD【解析】这是一篇说明文。在新冠肺炎在全球范围爆发的形式下，新加坡控制了疫情的蔓延。文章介绍了新加坡在抗击新冠肺炎中的一些经验。1．上一句提到“新冠肺炎的爆发引起了全世界的恐慌，但在新加坡，这个小岛国设法控制住了疫情蔓延。”承接上文，C选项“作为一个目击者，我必须分享一些领导经验。”切题。且下文中列举了一些举措。故选C项。2．上一句提到“将体温计作为每个雇员的标准发行设备，我很不理解。”承接上文，F选项“实际上，我还开玩笑说他们也应该给发一个水肺以防海啸。”切题，且选项是不理解的一种表现。故选F项。3．下一句提到“每一位教员都必须完成网上授课培训，以防紧急情况，这是七年前大学这么跟我说的。”承接上文，B选项“制定替代方案——快速行动的能力。”切题。且B选项与上文的learning from the past--ready for the future和下文的clarifying expectations--universal diligence这两个小标题平行。故选B项。4．上一句提到“停下！离我10英尺，然后你就可以过来了，我在走廊遇到同事时，她这么说。”承接上文，G选项“我们仍然是朋友，但是我们有责任避免不必要的身体接触。”切题，且选项是对前文保持距离的进一步说明。故选G项。5．下一句提到“尽管全球危机，课堂和大学的运作仍在继续。”承接上文，D选项“国家对紧急情况的准备有助于抗击病毒。”切题，因为提前应对紧急情况保证了教学。故选D项。B【答案】CACB【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了食盐的重要性以及一些主要国家的盐产量排名。1．推理判断题。由第一段中的第三句“Apart from adding flavor to our food, it is also an essential ingredient for the health of both man as well as animals, provided it is taken in the right quantities.”可知，除了给我们的食物增加味道之外，如果摄取适量的话，对于人类和动物的健康来说盐也是一个不可缺少的成分。由此可见，盐的摄入应该适量。结合选项可知，选项C正确。2．词句猜测题。由第二段的第三句“Today, there are many countries around the world that are working hard to extract (提炼) salt so that we can enjoy our food to the fullest.”可知，今天，世界上有很多国家正在努力提炼盐，这样我们可以尽情地享受我们的食物。由此可见，these指代“国家”。结合选项可知，选项A正确。3．细节理解题。由第三段“According to the British Geological Survey, China is the top salt producer in the world. The United States of America occupies the second position, and India, finishing a distant third. Other countries that, made it among the top ten salt producing nations’ list were Canada, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Chile, France and the Netherlands.”可知，根据英国地质调查局，中国是世界上第一大盐生产国。美国位于第二，印度远远落后在第三。其他国家，按照在前10的盐生产国排名清单分别为：加拿大，澳大利亚，德国，墨西哥，智利，法国和新西兰。由此可见，墨西哥在世界盐生产的排名是第七。结合选项可知，选项C正确。4．推理判断题。由最后一段“So, the next time you take your meal and add a pinch of salt to make it more delicious, do share a thought for the numerous salt workers around the world due to whom our food tastes so perfect.”可知，所以，下次你在用膳以及增加一撮盐让食物更加美味的时候，确实要想想世界上许多的盐工作者，因为他们，我们的食物品尝起来是如此美味。由此可见，作者对盐工作者的态度是充满感激之情。结合选项可知，选项B正确。