考点18 阅读理解记叙文 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练
考点18 阅读理解记叙文

阅读理解记叙文是一种以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。高考常考的主题包括新闻报道、人物传记轶事等。阅读理解记叙文一般难度不大。从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意类推理题题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。


【2021·全国甲卷，C】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I’d given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed.
B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Don’t worry!
3. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding.
B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks.
D. To relive his childhood days.
4. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
B. Sport is necessary for children’s health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging.
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
解析：本文讲述了滑板运动陪伴作者成长，给予其归属感，表达了作者对滑板运动的深厚感情。
1. A 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第二句“I felt at a loss and out of place”可知，搬到伦敦后，作者觉得茫然不知所措，并且觉得自己格格不入，由此可推断作者搬到伦敦后觉得很失望，故选A项。
2. B 推理判断题。画线词所在句及后一句句意为：当我玩弄落地技巧时，我的朋友们大声地拍板喊道：“Safe! Safe! Safe!”这是重要的——落地技巧以及成为一名优秀的滑板运动者。由语境可推断，此处在称赞作者滑板滑得好，故选B项。
3. D 细节理解题。倒数第二段中提到，作者在那些匆匆滑过的滑板少年中穿梭，找到了通往横杆的路。接着又提到作者与一个瘦削的滑板少年的对话与互动，由此可见作者难以忘怀以前滑滑板时的快乐日子，作者在重温自己的童年时光，故选D项。
4. C 主旨大意题。本文讲述了滑板运动陪伴作者成长，给予其归属感，表达了作者对滑板运动的深厚感情。作者想借此向各位读者传达了孩子需要归属感。故选C项。

【2021·全国新高考1卷，B】
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova -not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of"nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,”she laughed.“He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: Turn, turn! Robert is the best page turner I've' had in my entire life”
1. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A. Read music.   B. Play the piano. 
C. Sing songs.   D. Fix the instruments.
2. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?
A. Boring.  B. Well-paid.   C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
3. What does Titterton need to practise?
A. Counting the pages.   
B. Recognizing the"nodding".
B. Catching falling objects.   
D. Performing in his own style.
4. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband“the worse page turner”?
A. He has very poor eyesight. 
B. He ignores the audience.
B. He has no interest in music. 
D. He forgets to do his job.
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了律师Robert Titterton在空闲时间担任乐谱翻页者，配合钢琴家演出的故事。
1. A。直接信息题。根据题干be able to do to be a page turner定位到第一段not as a musician but as her page turner和but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance可知，Robert Titterton学会了阅读音乐，不是作为一个音乐家，而是作为乐谱翻页者，目的帮助钢琴家Maria演出，故答案选择A项。
2. C。观点态度题。根据题干定位到第三段A lot of skills are needed for the job和第四段Being a page turner requires plenty of practice可知，Robert Titterton乐谱翻页工作需要大量的练习以获得技能，其工作难度大、要求高，故答案选择C项。3. B。间接信息题。根据题干定位到第四段each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner可知，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格，他需与翻页者一起大量练习乐谱翻页，故答案选择B项。
4. D。间接信息题。根据题干Why及the worse page turner定位到最后一段He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say:‘Turn, turn!’可知，因为Robert Titterton对音乐很感兴趣，常常沉浸在感受着每一个音符，忘了翻页工作，他妻子需不时地提醒他翻页，答案选择D项。


阅读理解记叙文的考点类型

阅读理解记叙文的解题技巧
一、顺藤摸瓜。
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
二、左顾右盼。在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
三、刨根问底。如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from···?”或是What does the author imply in···?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
四、拨云见日。每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要“左顾右盼”，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。

1、【2020·全国卷II，D】
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
1. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
2. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
3. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
2、【2020·新高考全国卷I山东卷，B】
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ‘‘Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,’’ she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s pretty powerful.
1. What did Jennifer do after high school?
A. She helped her dad with his work.
B. She ran the family farm on her own.
C. She supported herself through college.
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield?
A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.
C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.
3. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.
4. What can we learn from Jenifer’s story?
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
3、【2020·天津卷，B】
“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”
The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn’t have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “
President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-they’ve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I’m afraid there’s not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.
“Of course-I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size. “
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
1. What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?
A. Her aggressive personality. B. Mr. Mills’s encouraging remark.
C. President Lincoln’s gentle voice. D. Her interest in a challenging job.
2. How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s request?
A. Pleased. B. Thrilled. C. Regretful. D. Doubtful.
3. Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.
A. her experience from other projects
B. her innocent childhood in the country
C. the heavy labor she had done before
D. the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
4. Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to ______.
A. achieve effects of natural lighting
B. keep all her tools within easy reach
C. observe the President at a right angle
D. avoid disturbing the president’s work
5. What message does the story convey?
A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B. Experience helps to promote excellence.
C. Ups and downs make one strong.
D. Devotion requires enthusiasm.
4、【2019·全国1卷B】
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N．Y．，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn．The 8-year-old is the joker of the class．With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking．
But he’s, nervous．“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“–ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers． His teacher ,Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support．“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well．When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him．
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago．Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom．
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience．What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes．“It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know．’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president．The answer broke his heart．Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public．He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves．
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident．”
1．What made Chris nervous？
A．Telling a story． B．Making a speech．
C．Taking a test． D．Answering a question．
2．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Improper pauses． B．Bad manners．
C．Spelling mistakes． D．Silly jokes．
3．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________．
A．help students see their own strengths
B．assess students’ public speaking skills
C．prepare students for their future jobs
D．inspire students’ love for politics
4．Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A．Humorous． B．Ambitious．
C．Caring． D．Demanding．

5、【2019·全国1卷B】
"You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it．" This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse（长曲棍球）club．
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport．She may just need a little persuading．So I try again and tug at the heartstrings．I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright．Yes, I’ll do it．"
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many．The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts．Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team．The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season．Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal．
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close．That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy．Volunteering just feels so good．
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit．However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
1．What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l?
A．She knows little about the club． B．She isn't good at sports．
C．She just doesn't want to volunteer． D．She's unable to meet her schedule．
2．What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?
A． Encourage team work． B． Appeal to feelings．
C． Promote good deeds． D． Provide advice．
3．What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A． She gets interested in lacrosse． B． She is proud of her kids．
C． She’ll work for another season． D． She becomes a good helper．
4．Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A． It gives her a sense of duty． B． It makes her very happy．
C． It enables her to work hard． D． It brings her material rewards．

1、【2020·全国卷II，D】
【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
1. C推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
2. B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
3. C细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
4. D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
2、【2020·新高考全国卷I山东卷，B】
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
1. C细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。
2. A细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
3. B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
4. C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
3、【2020·天津卷，B】
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。
1. B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wouldn’t have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。
2. D推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course- I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。
3. C细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。
4. D推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。
5. A推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。
4、【2019·全国1卷B】
【文章大意】本文由学生Chris发表竞选演说的经历引出老师Thomas Whaley利用竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己，帮助其提升自信，走向成功。
1．B根据第一段中的“today is speech day…Chris Palaez’s turn”和第二段中的“But he’s nervous”可知，Chris在进行竞选演说，他感到非常紧张。
2．A根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中Chris Palaez的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊，因此选A。
3．A根据倒数第二段的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public．He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves”和最后一段的内容可知，老师让学生参加竞选演说不仅仅是让学生们学会在公开场合演说，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。这项活动的目的不是评估学生公共场合演说的能力，可排除B项；文中并未说这样做是为了让学生为未来的工作做准备，可排除C项；这样做不是为了激发学生对政治的热爱，故可排除 D项。
4．C根据第二段可知，当Chris Palaez发表竞选演说遇到问题时，老师耳语为他提示。文章最后两段解释了老师举办这项活动的初衷，我们可以判断这个老师是关心他人的人，因此选C。从文中我们无法判断老师是”幽默的”，故可排除A项，也看不出老师是”雄心勃勃的”，可排除B项。文中列举的事实不能判断老师是”苛刻的”，故可排除D项。
5、【2019·全国1卷B】
【文章大意】本文介绍作者自己参与并鼓励他人参与志愿者工作的经历，论述了志愿者工作的独特意义。
1．C根据第一段第一句“You can use me as a last resort（选择），and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it”和第二段中的“the unwilling parent”可推断，这位家长不想做志愿者工作。故选C。
2．B根据前一句“She may just need a little persuading”以及后面的“the unwilling parent speaks up，‘Alright． Yes，I’ll do it．’”可知，tug at the heartstrings的意思是“打动（她）”。
3．D根据第三段第三句中的“the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team”可知，这位家长最后成了一个好帮手。
4．B根据第四段中的“Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy．Volunteering just feels so good”很容易看出来，作者觉得做志愿者工作很快乐。所以选B。