考点2 熟词生义 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练

考点2 熟词生义

从近几年的高考英语试题中可发现高考命题非常重视对熟词生义的考查，这一点可以从阅读理解、完形填空和语法填空中频繁出现。很多考生因不懂这些熟词的“新含义”而出现思维堵塞的现象，这严重地影响了考生对题干乃至全文的正确理解，给他们造成了不应有的失分。熟词生义的考察主要体现在三个方面：词性不变词义变化；名词动用或动词名用；熟悉 的词性词义在具体语境中发生词义和词性的变化。

分析下列句子中划线部分的熟词生义

1. （2021年全国卷乙卷，阅读A）People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.

解析：pour  熟义：v. 使（液体）不断流出；倾倒

        生义：v. 不断涌向

译文：自从古希腊时代，人们就一直不断涌进体育馆。

2. （2021年全国卷乙卷，阅读A） And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude (感谢).

解析：grade  熟义：n. 分数；年级

        生义：n. 程度；等级; 层次

译文：那时我突然明白，如果我们有许多话来表达不同层次的感谢，事情就会容易多了。

3. (2020·全国卷I,阅读C) Race walking does not pound the body as much as running does.

解析：pound熟义：n. 英镑

生义：v. 反复击打；连续砰砰地猛击

译文：竞走不像跑步那样对身体造成那么大的冲击。

4. (2020·全国卷I,阅读C) People with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.

解析：history熟义：n. 历史

生义：n. 个人经历；履历

译文：有此类伤病史的人在接受这项运动时可能要谨慎一些。

5. (2020·全国II卷，阅读D) Encourage readers to use the library. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.

解析：frequent 熟义：adj. 经常的；频繁的

生义：vt. 形容词动词化，经常去某个地方

译文：鼓励读者使用图书馆。当你可以的时候，经常去图书馆并谈论它们。

6. (2020·全国III卷，阅读C) We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house.

解析：float熟义：v. 漂浮

生义：vt. 提出；提请考虑（想法或计划）

译文：我们向母亲提出了住在一起的想法。

7. (2019·全国卷I,阅读D) The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.   

解析：tap 熟义：v. 轻拍；轻击

生义：v. 开发，发掘（已有的资源、知识等）

employ 熟义：雇佣；利用

生义：采用；运用

译文：这些“可爱的人”能很好地与他人相处的品质可以加强校园友谊，提高人际交能力，当被早期开发时，这些品质同样可良好的运用于日后的生活和工作中。

8. (2019·全国卷I,阅读B) But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should. . . should. . .”Chris trips on the “－ld, ”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.

解析：trip熟义：n. 旅行

生义：v. 讲话磕巴。

译文：但他很紧张，“我今天来告诉你为什么你应该···应该····”克里斯在“ld”上磕磕巴巴，许多非英语母语者发音上都有这样的困难.

9. (2019·全国卷皿，B) Earlier this year,the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art,with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics（美学）on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.

解析：fuel熟义：n. 燃料. 给······提供燃料；给（交通工具）加油

生义：v. 刺激；加强；激发

译文：以探索中国美学影响西方时尚和中国如何几个世纪以来激发了时尚的想象力为目的。

10. (2017·全国卷I) Our exhibits will feed your mind ,but what about your body?

解析：feed 熟义：v. 喂养；饲养

生义：满足

译文；我们的展品能满足你的思想给你带来灵感，但你的身体呢？

  熟词生义是高考英语的一个重要考点，考生应高度重视。在复习备考中应注意以下几个方面：

1. 考生应结合上下文，在具体语境中理解其特殊含义，打破思维限制，有意识形成熟词生义、语境意义等意识。
2. 日常多积累，平时 多背诵不熟悉的意思。
3. 结合构词法的转化，派生等合理猜词。
4. 多读真题和外刊，培养思维意识 。

  下列是一些常考的熟词生义词，供同学们复习背诵。

1．absent adj.茫然的，恍惚的(熟义：adj.缺席的)

She looked at the picture in an absent way.

2．ache v．渴望(熟义：v.& n．疼痛)

Having left for ages，he was aching for home.

3．address vt.发表演说；解决（问题）(熟义：n.地址；v.写地址)

The president will address his speech at 3：00 pm.

4．against prep.映衬(熟义：prep.逆着，反对；倚，靠；碰)

The picture looks nice against the white wall.

5．attend v．看护；治疗；陪同(熟义：v.出席；参加)

The nurse attended to him day and night.

6．available adj.(人)有空的(熟义：adj.可得到的；可找到的)

The professor is now available.

7．blank adj.没表情的；空虚的；没兴趣的(熟义：adj.空白的；n.空白)

The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.

8．blue adj.忧伤的(熟义：adj.& n．蓝色)

His songs always make me feel blue.

9．cloudy adj.不明朗的，不清晰的(熟义：adj.阴的，多云的)

Who will take his place still remains cloudy.

10．coach v．辅导，指导(熟义：n.教练)

She coached me in playing football.

11．count vt.有价值，重要(熟义：n.& v．计算，数)

It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

12．course n．一道菜(熟义：n.课程；过程)

The courses vary with seasons.

13．cross adj.生气的(熟义：v.跨越，横穿；n.十字)

Don’t be cross with him—after all，he is a child.

14．desert v．抛弃，离弃(熟义：n.沙漠)

He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.

15．develop v．冲印(熟义：v.发展；开发；研制)

Did you have the films developed?

16．disabled adj.有障碍的，失去功能的(熟义：adj.有残疾的，无能力的)

One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.

(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)

17．drive v．迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义：v.驾驶)

Hunger drove her to steal.

18．divorce v．使分离；使脱离(熟义：v.与某人离婚)

You can’t divorce science from ethical questions.

19．draw v．获得，取得，推断出(熟义：v.画；拖；拉)

What moral are we to draw from the story?

20．express n．快车(熟义：v.表达)

Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai?

21．encourage v．促进，助长，刺激(熟义：vt.鼓励；激励)

Good health encourages clear thinking.

22．escape v．被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v.逃跑；逃脱)

The name escapes me for the moment.

23．explode v．勃然大怒；大发雷霆(熟义：v.爆炸；爆裂)

I’m about to explode！He broke his promise again.

24．exploit v．利用(熟义：v.开发；开采；剥削)

You must exploit every opportunity to learn English.

25．fail v．不足；缺乏(熟义：v.失败)

Last year the rain failed and many crops died.

26．foreign adj.不熟悉的(熟义：adj.外国的；外交的)

The subject is foreign to all of us.

27．fresh adj.无经验的(熟义：adj.新鲜的)

She is quite fresh to the work.

28．gain v．(钟表)快(熟义：v.获得；赢得)

Don’t worry.My watch gains.We still have time.

29．ground n．理由(熟义：n.地面)

He has strong grounds for more money.

30．govern vt.影响；支配(熟义：v.管理；控制)

The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods.

31．hit n．成功；红极一时的人或事(熟义：v.击中，打击)

Tuhao is quite a hit of this year.

32．ill adj.& adv.坏的/地(熟义：adj.生病的)

It’s no good speaking ill of others.

33．interest n．利益；股份(熟义：n.兴趣)

Our family has interests in the business.

34．invite v．吸引(熟义：v.邀请)

Don’t leave the window open—it’s inviting thieves to enter.

35．inspire v．启发(熟义：v.激励；鼓舞)

His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.

36．jump n．& v．大幅度上涨(熟义：v.& n．跳跃)

Last week the price of goods jumped.

37．kid v．开玩笑；欺骗(熟义：n.小孩)

Take it easy.I’m just kidding.

38．kill v．消磨(时间)(熟义：v.杀掉；害死)

That guy hangs around all day long，killing time.

39．lose vi.(钟表)慢(熟义：v.失去；丢掉)

Please hurry！My watch loses 10 minutes.

40．last adj.最不可能的(熟义：adj.最后的)

He is the last man I want to see.

41．mean adj.自私的，卑鄙的，吝啬的(熟义：v.意思是，意味着)

It’s mean of you to eat up all the apples.

42．note v．注意，指出，特别提到(熟义：n.笔记)

I noted that her hands were dirty.

43．open adj.(问题、议事等)未解决的(熟义：v.开；adj.开着的，打开的)

They left the matter open.

44．operate vi.起作用(熟义：vi.运转；操作；做手术)

The medicine operated quickly.

45．part v．分手；放弃；卖掉(熟义：n.部分；零件；角色)

In order to raise money，he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions.

46．pleasant adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的(熟义：adj.令人愉快的)

He’s always been very pleasant to me.

47．position n．立场；观点(熟义：n.位置；职位)

What’s your position on the problem?

48．promise v．有……的希望；使……有可能(熟义：v.& n．许诺)

The dark clouds promise rain.

49．rate v．对……作出评价；被认为，被评价为(熟义：n.比率；速度)

These potatoes rate among the best.

50．read v．理解；领会(熟义：v.阅读)

I didn’t read mother’s thoughts at that time.

51．reflect v．沉思；思考(on/upon)(熟义：v.映出；反射)

I need time to reflect on your offer.

52．safe adj.谨慎的；小心的(熟义：adj.安全的)

He is a safe man.You can count on him.

53．say vt.假定；显示；表明(熟义：vt.说)

Say that war breaks out，what will you do?

54．shoulder v．承担(熟义：n.肩膀)

Young people should learn to shoulder the blame.

55．spring v．跳，跃；突然出现(熟义：n.春天；泉水)

Fast food restaurants are springing up all over the city.

56．strength n．强项，优点，优势(熟义：n.力气)

Maths is not my strength.

57．walk n．行业(熟义：v.& n．行走；步行)

This society welcomes people from all walks of life.

58．wear vt.表露，流露，面带(熟义：vt.穿戴)

The girl always wears a happy smile.

59．weigh v．权衡；斟酌(熟义：v.称……的重量；重达)

Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this！

分析下列句子中划线部分的熟词生义

1. (2021全国乙卷)He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most.
2. To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded.
3. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷) His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
4. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
5. (2018全国Ⅲ卷)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.
6. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
7. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest.
8. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)There’s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.
9. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.

 (2018全国Ⅲ卷)I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked.

10.  (2020全国Ⅱ卷)The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as ＄50 million.
11. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.
12. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.
13. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.”
14. (2019全国Ⅰ卷) Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
15. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Here she picks her top reads.
16. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
17. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
18. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.
19. (2018全国Ⅰ卷)These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.
20. (2018全国Ⅱ卷)  Corn  production  has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

分析下列句子中划线部分的熟词生义

1. weight 熟义：n. 重量

生义：n. 重担；压力

2. extra 熟义：adj. 额外的

        生义：n. 额外的事

3. home 熟义：n. 家；家乡

      生义：n. （动植物的）栖息地；产地

4. bear 熟义：n. 熊   vt. 忍受，容忍

       生义：vt. 开(花)；结(果实)

5. bear 熟义：n. 熊   vt. 忍受，容忍

       生义：vt. 携带

6. mention 熟义：vt.& n. 提及，说起

       生义：n. 提名；推荐

7. chest 熟义：n. 胸部，胸膛

       生义：n. 箱子，盒子

8. welcome 熟义：vt.& n. 欢迎；迎接  adj. 受欢迎的

       生义：adj. 令人愉悦的

9. register 熟义：vt. 登记，注册 

       生义：n. 状态

 work 熟义：v.& n. 工作

       生义：n. 著作；作品

       生义：v. 起作用

10. original 熟义：adj. 原先的，最初的

       生义：n. 原作，原稿

11. hot 熟义：adj. 热的，炎热的

       生义：adj. 走红的，受欢迎的

12. hot 熟义：adj. 热的，炎热的

       生义：adj. 走红的，受欢迎的

13. difficult 熟义：adj. 困难的

       生义：adj. 难以取悦的

row 熟义：n.一排，一列

       生义：n. 争吵，吵架

14.  mean 熟义：v. 意味着；打算

       生义：adj. 不善良的；刻薄的

15. read 熟义：v. 阅读

       生义：n. 好的读物

16. season 熟义：n. 季节

       生义：n. 赛季

17. record 熟义：n.& v. 记录

       生义：adj. 创纪录的

18. attack 熟义：v. 袭击，攻击

       生义：v. 抨击；责骂

19. ring 熟义：n. 铃声；戒指 v. (给……)打电话

       生义：v. 听起来

20. jump 熟义：v. 跳跃

       生义：v. 猛涨；激增