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这是一份精品解析：湖南省长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第五次月考英语试题，文件包含精品解析湖南省长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第五次月考英语试题解析版docx、精品解析湖南省长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第五次月考英语试题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The OOH lists careers that lk like prmising pprtunities fr the next 10 years r s. Sme invlve treating patients, sme invlve managing peple, and thers are mainly abut wrking with cmputers.
Medical and Health Services Manager
Health care is a big and cmplicated business. Prviding care t patients is nly part f it. There’s als the wrk f scheduling appintments, cllecting payments, keeping medical recrds, and teaming up with ther care prviders.
Educatinal Requirements: At least a bachelr’s degree in a field such as health administratin r health management, plus sme experience wrking in the health care field.
Operatins Research Analyst
An peratins research analyst’s jb is t use mathematical and analytical methds t find the best strategies fr distributing resurces, managing supply chains, develping prductin schedules, and setting prices.
Educatinal Requirements: Mst entry-level jbs in this field require a bachelr’s degree, and sme emplyers prefer candidates with a master’s degree. Cmmn cllege majrs fr future peratins research analysts include business, peratins research, mathematics, engineering, and cmputer science.
Web Develper
There are several kinds f Web develpers: frnt-end develpers respnsible fr the appearance f the site and hw users interact with it, back-end develpers fr the site’s framewrk, which makes it run smthly and allws fr changes when necessary and webmasters in charge f maintaining websites, keeping them updated and meeting users’ requirements.
Educatinal Requirements: The educatin required fr a jb in Web develpment varies. Mst Web develpers have an assciate’s degree in Web design r a related field. Hwever, sme emplyers hire Web develpers with nly a high schl diplma fr frnt-end develpment while thers require a bachelr’s degree in a field like cmputer science, particularly fr back-end develpment.
1. What can yu study in cllege t be an peratins research analyst?
A. Science.B. Web design.C. Engineering.D. Management.
2. What can a high schl graduate prbably chse as a jb?
A. Medical and Health Services Manager.B. Back-end develpers.
C. Operatins Research Analyst.D. Frnt-end develpers.
3. In which sectin f a magazine may this text appear?
A. Emplyment.B. Educatin.C. Entertainment.D. Science.
B
It was just a nrmal day fr Ruth Miller, a 63-year-ld wman until everything went hrribly wrng. She was walking t her car after shpping when the unthinkable happened.
Right as she was unlcking her car, a man quickly came up behind her and tried t wrestle her purse away. She was in shck. Luckily she remembered she had her Safe Persnal Alarm (SPA) n her purse, and since she was t scared t scream fr help, she quickly reached fr the alarm and pulled the pin (保险栓). Immediately her SPA started just screaming. The man didn't knw what t d! He frze fr a secnd, and then ran away like a bat ut f hell!
SPA is a safety device capable f creating a 125db sund that attracts attentin and scares away ptential attackers. T cmpare, it's the same vlume as a military jet during takeff.
Paul Davidsn, the inventr f SPA, knws all t well the type f situatin that Ruth fund herself in. But that's nt the nly type f situatin that SPA helps prtect against. Parents can give it t their kids as an extra means f prtectin. Teenagers can use it s they can feel safe walking hme. Wmen can knw it's there when they have t use the parking lt at night. “My mther, wh is 76 years ld, carries it arund in case she falls and needs t ask peple fr help. I nly wish I'd have thught f it earlier,” said Paul.
The plice have been recmmending SPA since it first hit the market. In fact, since its launch, SPA has been in a state, shifting between in stck t sld ut nearly every ther week, and it's als gt tns f lyal fllwers wrldwide.
4. What des the underlined part “the unthinkable” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A. An attempted rbbery.B. A wrestling match.
C. An angry argument.D. A car accident.
5. Hw did Ruth react t the unexpected situatin?
A. She fught vilently.B. She frze in great fear.
C. She cried desperately fr help.D. She sunded her safety device.
6. Why des Paul mentin his mther?
A. T imply the elderly need mre care.B. T suggest he cares abut his mther.
C. T shw SPA can be widely used.D. T make an advertisement fr SPA.
7. What can be learned frm the text?
A. SPA is well received in the market.B. Peple hesitate t pay fr security.
C. SPA was sld ut in the first tw weeks.D. SPA is nt imprtant in life.
C
Learning a secnd language is tricky at any age and it nly gets tugher the lnger yu wait t pen that dusty French bk. Nw, in a new study, scientists have pinpinted the exact age at which yur chances f reaching fluency in a secnd language seem t plummet: 10.
The study, published in the jurnal Cgnitin, fund that it’s “nearly impssible” fr language learners t reach native-level fluency if they start learning a secnd tngue after 10. But that desn’t seem t be because language skills g dwnhill. “It turns ut yu’re still learning fast. It’s just that yu run ut f time, because yur ability t learn starts drpping at arund 17 r 18 years ld,” says study c-authr Jshua Hartshrne, an assistant prfessr f psychlgy at Bstn Cllege.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages fr many reasns. Children’s brains are mre plastic than thse f adults, meaning they’re better able t adapt and respnd t new infrmatin. “All learning invlves the brain changing,” Hartshrne says, “and children’s brains seem t be a lt mre skilled at changing.”
Kids may als be mre willing t try new things (and t ptentially lk flish in the prcess) than adults are. Their cmparatively new grasp n their native tngue may als be advantageus. Unlike adults wh tend t default (默认) t the rules and patterns f their first language, kids may be able t apprach a new ne with a blank slate (石板).
These findings may seem discuraging, but it was heartening fr scientists t learn that the critical perid fr fluent language acquisitin might be lnger than they previusly thught. Sme scientists believed that the brief windw clses shrtly after birth, while thers stretched it nly t early adlescence. Cmpared t thse estimates, 17 r 18 — when language learning ability starts t drp ff — seems relatively ld.
“Peple fared better when they learned by immersin (沉浸) rather than simply in a classrm. And mving t a place where yur desired language is spken is the best way t learn as an adult. If that’s nt an ptin, yu can mimic an immersive envirnment by finding ways t have cnversatins with native speakers in their wn cmmunities,” Hartshrne says. By ding s, it’s pssible t becme cnversatinally prficient — even withut the advantage f a child’s brain.
8. The underlined wrd “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is clsest in meaning t “__________”.
A decreaseB. rise
C. endD. vary
9. What can be inferred frm Jshua Hartshrne’s wrds?
A. Children are t yung t grasp a secnd language.
B. Age 10-18 is the best time t learn a secnd language.
C. Adults g beynd the critical perid fr learning a secnd language.
D. Cmmunicating with native speakers enables yu t master all the language skills.
10. Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a secnd language?
A. Adults are less influenced by their mther tngues.
B. Adults spend mre time respnding t new infrmatin.
C. Adults are nly t willing t experience smething awkward in the prcess.
D Adults prefer an immersive envirnment t a classrm in learning a secnd language.
11. The passage is mainly abut __________.
A. the best age t learn a secnd language
B. the appraches t learning a secnd language
C. why kids learn a secnd language mre easily than adults
D. whether adults can learn a secnd language like their yunger selves
D
Fr generatins, the standard way t learn hw t ride a bicycle was with training wheels. But in recent years, many parents prefer t train their kids with balance bikes, tw-wheelers that enable children t develp the cmpetence needed fr bicycling.
Given the benefits f balance bikes, why did it take s lng fr them t replace training wheels? There are plenty f ther examples in which ignred slutins that invlve subtractin(减法) turn ut t be better alternatives. In sme Eurpean cities, fr example, urban planners have gtten rid f traffic lights and rad signs t make streets safer.
Leidy Kltz, an engineer at the University f Virginia, nticed that refrmative designs, in which elements are remved frm an existing mdel, were uncmmn. S he reached ut t Adams, a scial psychlgist, t try t figure ut why this was the case. The tw researchers hypthesized(假设) that there might be an explanatin: when faced with a prblem, peple tend t select slutins that invlve adding new elements rather than taking existing cmpnents away.
Adams, Kltz and their clleagues set ut t test if their hypthesis was crrect. The researchers first carried ut a set f studies. In ne, they asked 91 participants t make a pattern symmetrical(对称的) by either adding r remving clred bxes. Only 18 peple used subtractin. In anther, the team scanned thrugh ideas fr imprvement submitted t an incming university president and fund that nly 11 percent f 651 prject plans invlved getting rid f an existing regulatin, practice r prgram.
These findings suggest that “additive slutins have srt f a pririty”, says Benjamin Cnverse, a c-authr f the study. “Subtractive slutins are nt necessarily harder t cnsider, but they take mre effrt t find.”
Fr nw the team hpes that these findings will encurage peple acrss varius fields t think abut subtractive ptins that might be typically ignred. “The hpe is that, just by getting peple t think abut this mre, maybe it will help inspire sme ther ignred subtractins,” Cnverse says.
12. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Balance bikes are nt gd fr training kids.
B. Peple used t learn t ride bikes effrtlessly.
C. Taking away traffic lights shuld make better traffic flw.
D. Sme Eurpean cities ignre their gvernance.
13. Hw did Kltz and Adams supprt their findings?
A. By drawing patterns.B. By cmparing their statistics.
C. By analysing mtivatins.D. By predicting trends.
14. What des Cnverse say abut subtractive slutins?
A. They are superir t additive slutins.B. They are ften harmful fr creativity.
C. They are always verlked by ur brain.D. They are ften preferred by cnservatives.
15. Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A. A New Way f ManagementB. A Trend f Aviding Regulatins
C. A New Cncept f Prblem-slvingD. A Study n Prblem-slving Methds
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This Way t Dreamland Daydreaming means peple think abut smething pleasant, especially when this makes them frget what they shuld be ding． Daydreamers have a bad reputatin fr being unaware f what’s happening arund them． They can seem frgetful and clumsy．___16___They anny us because they seem t be ignring us and missing the imprtant things．But daydreamers are als respnsible fr sme f the greatest ideas and achievements in human histry．___17___Can yu imagine what kind f wrld we wuld have withut such ideas and inventins?S hw can yu cme up with brilliant daydreams and avid falling ver tree rts r therwise lking like a fl?First, understand that sme pprtunities(机会) fr daydreaming are better than thers． Feeling safe and relaxed will help yu t slip int daydreams．___18___And if yu want t imprve yur chances f having a creative idea while yu’re daydreaming, try t d it while yu are invlved in anther task—preferably smething simple, like taking a shwer r walking, r even making meaningless drawings．It’s als imprtant t knw hw t avid daydreams fr thse times when yu really need t cncerntrate． “Mindfulness”, being fcused, is a tl that sme peple use t avid falling asleep．___19___Finally, yu never knw what wnderful idea might strike while yur mind has mved slwly away．___20___Always remember that yur best ideas might cme when yur head is actually in the cluds．
A. Having interesting things t think abut als helps．
B. They stare ff int space and wander by themselves．
C. Withut wandering minds, we wuldn’t have relativity , Cke r Pst-it ntes．
D. At ne time, daydreaming was thught t be a cause f sme mental illnesses．
E. It invlves slw, steady breathing fr self-cntrl that helps peple stay calm and attentive．
F. Daydreams are ften very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard t understand．
G. Therefre, it’s a gd idea t keep a ntebk r vice recrder nearby when yu’re in the daydream zne．
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a baby, a terrible accident in the kitchen left Andrea Pitts cvered with third-degree burns n 30% f her bdy. Fr mst f her life, she ___21___ her scars(伤疤). Grwing up, she struggled t ___22___ herself. Hwever, it has been a lng ___23___ fr her.
In 2014, Pitts ___24___ Scars Uncvered. “I hpe burn survivrs feel like they can live in a(n) ___25___ way. They dn’t have t cver up.” Pitts is helping thers embrace their scars and prviding vital resurces t thse in need thrugh ___26___ she calls Bxes f Lve — little care packages she ___27___ t burn survivrs.
The care packages ___28___ pens, jurnals and sme necessaries. They need t be apprached with ___29___. “But that’s nt all. There is a letter frm me, letting them knw we are here t supprt them ___30___ we can,” she said.
“I think my favrite item thrughut the bx is ___31___ ur jurnals,” Pitts explained. “They just have sme type f ___32___ t write ut their thughts, hw they’re feeling, hw the jurney is ging.”
“A lt f the times we ___33___ urselves s much n the utward appearance. And that can be very hurtful smetimes. But remember wh yu are n the ___34___ and just knw that yu will ___35___ this ne day at a time.”
21. A. curedB. explainedC. hidD. adapted
22. A. excuseB. acceptC. freeD. favr
23. A. jurneyB. histryC. memryD. list
24 A. launchedB. remarkedC. dismissedD. trained
25. A. adrableB. penC. privateD. friendly
26. A. hwB. whichC. whmD. what
27. A. deliversB. awardsC. subscribesD. rents
28. A. savesB. grabsC. includesD. cllects
29. A. cmfrtB. despairC. luckD. care
30. A. anyhwB. any mreC. any wayD. any lnger
31. A. frequentlyB. merelyC. lgicallyD. prbably
32. A. relaxatinB. utletC. expressinD. intentin
33. A. ignreB. judgeC. admireD. disappint
34. A. insideB. utsideC. appearanceD. average
35. A. jin inB. get thrughC. reflect nD. crrespnd t
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese racle-bne inscriptins(甲骨文) were included in the UNESCO Memry f the Wrld Register.
Oracle-bne inscriptins are the ___36___(early) dcumentary evidence fund in China, unearthed frm the Yin ruins in Anyang city, Henan prvince. These inscriptins prvide ___37___(recrd) f divinatin(占卜)and prayers t gds frm peple in ___38___ late Shang dynasty. Over the years, racle-bne inscriptins ___39___ (develp) int mdern-day Chinese characters, ___40___(shw) the cntinuus evlutin f Chinese civilizatin. Oracle bnes serve ___41___ imprtant materials fr studying the lng-standing and brilliant Chinese civilizatin.
The Memry f the Wrld Prgramme, ___42___(establish) by UNESCO in 1992, aims t rescue the gradually aging, wrsening ___43___ disappearing dcumentary heritage in the wrld, ___44___ (strengthen) prtectin, and t raise public awareness f the significance f dcumentary heritage. The prgram ___45___(take) place every tw years, and last time, China’s submissin f “Archives f the Nanjing Massacre” was included in the Memry f the Wrld Register. S far, China has already had many examples f dcumentary heritage included in the Memry f the Wrld Register.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，你校英语戏剧社正招募新成员，请根据以下提示，给负责人Mr.Smith写一封电子邮件，申请加入。
1.申请理由；
2.个人优势；
3.表达愿望。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Risha lved schl. Hwever, there was ne class Risha wrried abut mre than any ther — art. She didn’t knw why she just wasn’t any gd at drawing, painting, r cutting.
Ms. Clay, the art teacher, std at the frnt f the rm. “Class, next Friday ur schl is ging t have an art cmpetitin.” she annunced. Ms. Clay was a great teacher, and Risha liked her a lt. But this annuncement made Risha nervus. “Everyne in the schl will create a piece f artwrk t shw in the library. Yu can use the different types f artwrk we have been studying.” Ms. Clay was quite excited when she spke while Risha fund herself sinking lwer in her chair.
Risha had the whle weekend t wrk n her prject, but she culd nt think f anything t d. On Mnday, Risha felt frightened, s after schl Risha asked Ms. Clay if she culd write an art paper instead f ding an art prject.
“I understand this prject scared yu, Risha,” Ms. Clay said. “Just remember, yu can create any kind f art yu want.” Ms. Clay smiled at her. “Art is a persn’s way f expressing his r her feelings — it isn’t always painting, drawing, r cutting. I knw yu will think f smething very creative, and I can’t wait t see it.”
When Risha arrived hme, she tk ut a piece f paper and a pencil. She remembered Ms. Clay’s wrds. “Art is a persn’s way f expressing his r her feelings.” Risha wrte the wrd “terrified” n her paper. She crumpled (弄皱) the paper and threw it t the side f her desk.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Risha stared at the crumpled ball.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Friday, Risha carefully carried her prject int the library.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The OOH lists careers that lk like prmising pprtunities fr the next 10 years r s. Sme invlve treating patients, sme invlve managing peple, and thers are mainly abut wrking with cmputers.
Medical and Health Services Manager
Health care is a big and cmplicated business. Prviding care t patients is nly part f it. There’s als the wrk f scheduling appintments, cllecting payments, keeping medical recrds, and teaming up with ther care prviders.
Educatinal Requirements: At least a bachelr’s degree in a field such as health administratin r health management, plus sme experience wrking in the health care field.
Operatins Research Analyst
An peratins research analyst’s jb is t use mathematical and analytical methds t find the best strategies fr distributing resurces, managing supply chains, develping prductin schedules, and setting prices.
Educatinal Requirements: Mst entry-level jbs in this field require a bachelr’s degree, and sme emplyers prefer candidates with a master’s degree. Cmmn cllege majrs fr future peratins research analysts include business, peratins research, mathematics, engineering, and cmputer science.
Web Develper
There are several kinds f Web develpers: frnt-end develpers respnsible fr the appearance f the site and hw users interact with it, back-end develpers fr the site’s framewrk, which makes it run smthly and allws fr changes when necessary and webmasters in charge f maintaining websites, keeping them updated and meeting users’ requirements.
Educatinal Requirements: The educatin required fr a jb in Web develpment varies. Mst Web develpers have an assciate’s degree in Web design r a related field. Hwever, sme emplyers hire Web develpers with nly a high schl diplma fr frnt-end develpment while thers require a bachelr’s degree in a field like cmputer science, particularly fr back-end develpment.
1. What can yu study in cllege t be an peratins research analyst?
A. Science.B. Web design.C. Engineering.D. Management.
2. What can a high schl graduate prbably chse as a jb?
A. Medical and Health Services Manager.B. Back-end develpers.
C. Operatins Research Analyst.D. Frnt-end develpers.
3. In which sectin f a magazine may this text appear?
A. Emplyment.B. Educatin.C. Entertainment.D. Science.
B
It was just a nrmal day fr Ruth Miller, a 63-year-ld wman until everything went hrribly wrng. She was walking t her car after shpping when the unthinkable happened.
Right as she was unlcking her car, a man quickly came up behind her and tried t wrestle her purse away. She was in shck. Luckily she remembered she had her Safe Persnal Alarm (SPA) n her purse, and since she was t scared t scream fr help, she quickly reached fr the alarm and pulled the pin (保险栓). Immediately her SPA started just screaming. The man didn't knw what t d! He frze fr a secnd, and then ran away like a bat ut f hell!
SPA is a safety device capable f creating a 125db sund that attracts attentin and scares away ptential attackers. T cmpare, it's the same vlume as a military jet during takeff.
Paul Davidsn, the inventr f SPA, knws all t well the type f situatin that Ruth fund herself in. But that's nt the nly type f situatin that SPA helps prtect against. Parents can give it t their kids as an extra means f prtectin. Teenagers can use it s they can feel safe walking hme. Wmen can knw it's there when they have t use the parking lt at night. “My mther, wh is 76 years ld, carries it arund in case she falls and needs t ask peple fr help. I nly wish I'd have thught f it earlier,” said Paul.
The plice have been recmmending SPA since it first hit the market. In fact, since its launch, SPA has been in a state, shifting between in stck t sld ut nearly every ther week, and it's als gt tns f lyal fllwers wrldwide.
4. What des the underlined part “the unthinkable” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A. An attempted rbbery.B. A wrestling match.
C. An angry argument.D. A car accident.
5. Hw did Ruth react t the unexpected situatin?
A. She fught vilently.B. She frze in great fear.
C. She cried desperately fr help.D. She sunded her safety device.
6. Why des Paul mentin his mther?
A. T imply the elderly need mre care.B. T suggest he cares abut his mther.
C. T shw SPA can be widely used.D. T make an advertisement fr SPA.
7. What can be learned frm the text?
A. SPA is well received in the market.B. Peple hesitate t pay fr security.
C. SPA was sld ut in the first tw weeks.D. SPA is nt imprtant in life.
C
Learning a secnd language is tricky at any age and it nly gets tugher the lnger yu wait t pen that dusty French bk. Nw, in a new study, scientists have pinpinted the exact age at which yur chances f reaching fluency in a secnd language seem t plummet: 10.
The study, published in the jurnal Cgnitin, fund that it’s “nearly impssible” fr language learners t reach native-level fluency if they start learning a secnd tngue after 10. But that desn’t seem t be because language skills g dwnhill. “It turns ut yu’re still learning fast. It’s just that yu run ut f time, because yur ability t learn starts drpping at arund 17 r 18 years ld,” says study c-authr Jshua Hartshrne, an assistant prfessr f psychlgy at Bstn Cllege.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages fr many reasns. Children’s brains are mre plastic than thse f adults, meaning they’re better able t adapt and respnd t new infrmatin. “All learning invlves the brain changing,” Hartshrne says, “and children’s brains seem t be a lt mre skilled at changing.”
Kids may als be mre willing t try new things (and t ptentially lk flish in the prcess) than adults are. Their cmparatively new grasp n their native tngue may als be advantageus. Unlike adults wh tend t default (默认) t the rules and patterns f their first language, kids may be able t apprach a new ne with a blank slate (石板).
These findings may seem discuraging, but it was heartening fr scientists t learn that the critical perid fr fluent language acquisitin might be lnger than they previusly thught. Sme scientists believed that the brief windw clses shrtly after birth, while thers stretched it nly t early adlescence. Cmpared t thse estimates, 17 r 18 — when language learning ability starts t drp ff — seems relatively ld.
“Peple fared better when they learned by immersin (沉浸) rather than simply in a classrm. And mving t a place where yur desired language is spken is the best way t learn as an adult. If that’s nt an ptin, yu can mimic an immersive envirnment by finding ways t have cnversatins with native speakers in their wn cmmunities,” Hartshrne says. By ding s, it’s pssible t becme cnversatinally prficient — even withut the advantage f a child’s brain.
8. The underlined wrd “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is clsest in meaning t “__________”.
A decreaseB. rise
C. endD. vary
9. What can be inferred frm Jshua Hartshrne’s wrds?
A. Children are t yung t grasp a secnd language.
B. Age 10-18 is the best time t learn a secnd language.
C. Adults g beynd the critical perid fr learning a secnd language.
D. Cmmunicating with native speakers enables yu t master all the language skills.
10. Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a secnd language?
A. Adults are less influenced by their mther tngues.
B. Adults spend mre time respnding t new infrmatin.
C. Adults are nly t willing t experience smething awkward in the prcess.
D Adults prefer an immersive envirnment t a classrm in learning a secnd language.
11. The passage is mainly abut __________.
A. the best age t learn a secnd language
B. the appraches t learning a secnd language
C. why kids learn a secnd language mre easily than adults
D. whether adults can learn a secnd language like their yunger selves
D
Fr generatins, the standard way t learn hw t ride a bicycle was with training wheels. But in recent years, many parents prefer t train their kids with balance bikes, tw-wheelers that enable children t develp the cmpetence needed fr bicycling.
Given the benefits f balance bikes, why did it take s lng fr them t replace training wheels? There are plenty f ther examples in which ignred slutins that invlve subtractin(减法) turn ut t be better alternatives. In sme Eurpean cities, fr example, urban planners have gtten rid f traffic lights and rad signs t make streets safer.
Leidy Kltz, an engineer at the University f Virginia, nticed that refrmative designs, in which elements are remved frm an existing mdel, were uncmmn. S he reached ut t Adams, a scial psychlgist, t try t figure ut why this was the case. The tw researchers hypthesized(假设) that there might be an explanatin: when faced with a prblem, peple tend t select slutins that invlve adding new elements rather than taking existing cmpnents away.
Adams, Kltz and their clleagues set ut t test if their hypthesis was crrect. The researchers first carried ut a set f studies. In ne, they asked 91 participants t make a pattern symmetrical(对称的) by either adding r remving clred bxes. Only 18 peple used subtractin. In anther, the team scanned thrugh ideas fr imprvement submitted t an incming university president and fund that nly 11 percent f 651 prject plans invlved getting rid f an existing regulatin, practice r prgram.
These findings suggest that “additive slutins have srt f a pririty”, says Benjamin Cnverse, a c-authr f the study. “Subtractive slutins are nt necessarily harder t cnsider, but they take mre effrt t find.”
Fr nw the team hpes that these findings will encurage peple acrss varius fields t think abut subtractive ptins that might be typically ignred. “The hpe is that, just by getting peple t think abut this mre, maybe it will help inspire sme ther ignred subtractins,” Cnverse says.
12. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Balance bikes are nt gd fr training kids.
B. Peple used t learn t ride bikes effrtlessly.
C. Taking away traffic lights shuld make better traffic flw.
D. Sme Eurpean cities ignre their gvernance.
13. Hw did Kltz and Adams supprt their findings?
A. By drawing patterns.B. By cmparing their statistics.
C. By analysing mtivatins.D. By predicting trends.
14. What des Cnverse say abut subtractive slutins?
A. They are superir t additive slutins.B. They are ften harmful fr creativity.
C. They are always verlked by ur brain.D. They are ften preferred by cnservatives.
15. Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A. A New Way f ManagementB. A Trend f Aviding Regulatins
C. A New Cncept f Prblem-slvingD. A Study n Prblem-slving Methds
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This Way t Dreamland Daydreaming means peple think abut smething pleasant, especially when this makes them frget what they shuld be ding． Daydreamers have a bad reputatin fr being unaware f what’s happening arund them． They can seem frgetful and clumsy．___16___They anny us because they seem t be ignring us and missing the imprtant things．But daydreamers are als respnsible fr sme f the greatest ideas and achievements in human histry．___17___Can yu imagine what kind f wrld we wuld have withut such ideas and inventins?S hw can yu cme up with brilliant daydreams and avid falling ver tree rts r therwise lking like a fl?First, understand that sme pprtunities(机会) fr daydreaming are better than thers． Feeling safe and relaxed will help yu t slip int daydreams．___18___And if yu want t imprve yur chances f having a creative idea while yu’re daydreaming, try t d it while yu are invlved in anther task—preferably smething simple, like taking a shwer r walking, r even making meaningless drawings．It’s als imprtant t knw hw t avid daydreams fr thse times when yu really need t cncerntrate． “Mindfulness”, being fcused, is a tl that sme peple use t avid falling asleep．___19___Finally, yu never knw what wnderful idea might strike while yur mind has mved slwly away．___20___Always remember that yur best ideas might cme when yur head is actually in the cluds．
A. Having interesting things t think abut als helps．
B. They stare ff int space and wander by themselves．
C. Withut wandering minds, we wuldn’t have relativity , Cke r Pst-it ntes．
D. At ne time, daydreaming was thught t be a cause f sme mental illnesses．
E. It invlves slw, steady breathing fr self-cntrl that helps peple stay calm and attentive．
F. Daydreams are ften very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard t understand．
G. Therefre, it’s a gd idea t keep a ntebk r vice recrder nearby when yu’re in the daydream zne．
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a baby, a terrible accident in the kitchen left Andrea Pitts cvered with third-degree burns n 30% f her bdy. Fr mst f her life, she ___21___ her scars(伤疤). Grwing up, she struggled t ___22___ herself. Hwever, it has been a lng ___23___ fr her.
In 2014, Pitts ___24___ Scars Uncvered. “I hpe burn survivrs feel like they can live in a(n) ___25___ way. They dn’t have t cver up.” Pitts is helping thers embrace their scars and prviding vital resurces t thse in need thrugh ___26___ she calls Bxes f Lve — little care packages she ___27___ t burn survivrs.
The care packages ___28___ pens, jurnals and sme necessaries. They need t be apprached with ___29___. “But that’s nt all. There is a letter frm me, letting them knw we are here t supprt them ___30___ we can,” she said.
“I think my favrite item thrughut the bx is ___31___ ur jurnals,” Pitts explained. “They just have sme type f ___32___ t write ut their thughts, hw they’re feeling, hw the jurney is ging.”
“A lt f the times we ___33___ urselves s much n the utward appearance. And that can be very hurtful smetimes. But remember wh yu are n the ___34___ and just knw that yu will ___35___ this ne day at a time.”
21. A. curedB. explainedC. hidD. adapted
22. A. excuseB. acceptC. freeD. favr
23. A. jurneyB. histryC. memryD. list
24 A. launchedB. remarkedC. dismissedD. trained
25. A. adrableB. penC. privateD. friendly
26. A. hwB. whichC. whmD. what
27. A. deliversB. awardsC. subscribesD. rents
28. A. savesB. grabsC. includesD. cllects
29. A. cmfrtB. despairC. luckD. care
30. A. anyhwB. any mreC. any wayD. any lnger
31. A. frequentlyB. merelyC. lgicallyD. prbably
32. A. relaxatinB. utletC. expressinD. intentin
33. A. ignreB. judgeC. admireD. disappint
34. A. insideB. utsideC. appearanceD. average
35. A. jin inB. get thrughC. reflect nD. crrespnd t
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese racle-bne inscriptins(甲骨文) were included in the UNESCO Memry f the Wrld Register.
Oracle-bne inscriptins are the ___36___(early) dcumentary evidence fund in China, unearthed frm the Yin ruins in Anyang city, Henan prvince. These inscriptins prvide ___37___(recrd) f divinatin(占卜)and prayers t gds frm peple in ___38___ late Shang dynasty. Over the years, racle-bne inscriptins ___39___ (develp) int mdern-day Chinese characters, ___40___(shw) the cntinuus evlutin f Chinese civilizatin. Oracle bnes serve ___41___ imprtant materials fr studying the lng-standing and brilliant Chinese civilizatin.
The Memry f the Wrld Prgramme, ___42___(establish) by UNESCO in 1992, aims t rescue the gradually aging, wrsening ___43___ disappearing dcumentary heritage in the wrld, ___44___ (strengthen) prtectin, and t raise public awareness f the significance f dcumentary heritage. The prgram ___45___(take) place every tw years, and last time, China’s submissin f “Archives f the Nanjing Massacre” was included in the Memry f the Wrld Register. S far, China has already had many examples f dcumentary heritage included in the Memry f the Wrld Register.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，你校英语戏剧社正招募新成员，请根据以下提示，给负责人Mr.Smith写一封电子邮件，申请加入。
1.申请理由；
2.个人优势；
3.表达愿望。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Risha lved schl. Hwever, there was ne class Risha wrried abut mre than any ther — art. She didn’t knw why she just wasn’t any gd at drawing, painting, r cutting.
Ms. Clay, the art teacher, std at the frnt f the rm. “Class, next Friday ur schl is ging t have an art cmpetitin.” she annunced. Ms. Clay was a great teacher, and Risha liked her a lt. But this annuncement made Risha nervus. “Everyne in the schl will create a piece f artwrk t shw in the library. Yu can use the different types f artwrk we have been studying.” Ms. Clay was quite excited when she spke while Risha fund herself sinking lwer in her chair.
Risha had the whle weekend t wrk n her prject, but she culd nt think f anything t d. On Mnday, Risha felt frightened, s after schl Risha asked Ms. Clay if she culd write an art paper instead f ding an art prject.
“I understand this prject scared yu, Risha,” Ms. Clay said. “Just remember, yu can create any kind f art yu want.” Ms. Clay smiled at her. “Art is a persn’s way f expressing his r her feelings — it isn’t always painting, drawing, r cutting. I knw yu will think f smething very creative, and I can’t wait t see it.”
When Risha arrived hme, she tk ut a piece f paper and a pencil. She remembered Ms. Clay’s wrds. “Art is a persn’s way f expressing his r her feelings.” Risha wrte the wrd “terrified” n her paper. She crumpled (弄皱) the paper and threw it t the side f her desk.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Risha stared at the crumpled ball.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Friday, Risha carefully carried her prject int the library.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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