2022年高中英语语法知识梳理--简单句和并列句学案

这是一份2022年高中英语语法知识梳理--简单句和并列句学案，共6页。学案主要包含了基本句型，并列主语和并列谓语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

简单句的基本句式 一、基本句型
一、基本句型
1.主语+连系动词+表语
The students are n the playgrund.学生在操场上。
Please keep quiet！ 请安静！
2.主语+谓语（+状语）
She is singing in the next rm.她在隔壁房间里唱歌。
They wrked day and night.他们夜以继日地工作。
Bth brther and sister are cllege students.兄妹俩都是大学生。
I saw ff the graduates and cme back t take a class.
我送走了毕业生，又回来上课。
3.主语+谓语+宾语
I enjyed the mvie very much.我很喜欢这部电影。
The students clean the classrm every day.学生们每天打扫教室。
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
She bught me a dictinary.她给我买了一本词典。
This little by is always asking the teacher questins.这个小男孩老爱问老师问题。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
They painted the dr red.他们把门漆成了红色。
We all call the baby Sara.我们都叫这个婴儿萨拉。
简单句的基本句式 二、并列主语和并列谓语
二、并列主语和并列谓语
1.并列主语：由and和bth 连接的并列主语谓语动词用复数。
Jim and Mary are bth interested in it.吉姆和玛丽都对此感兴趣。
Bth brther and sister are wrking in the city.兄妹俩都是在城市工作。
【提示】 当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，谓语用单数。
A cart and hrse was seen in the distance.远处看见一辆马车。
The irn and steel industry is very imprtant t ur life.
钢铁工业对我们的生活很重要。
2.并列谓语：谓语并列中在最后一个谓语动词前加and。
Yesterday I went t buy sme bks and had dinner at a gd restaurant.
昨天我去买了一些书，又在一个很好的饭店吃了晚饭。
The sldier lked at him，exchanged glances with his cmrade and tk ut the gun.
士兵看着他，和同伴互相使了个眼色，掏出了枪。
并列句 一、并列句的分类
一、并列句的分类
1.表示并列关系
常用连词：and nt nly （als）
He didn’t g and she didn’t g either.他没去，她也没去。
This article is well-written and yu’d better read it.这篇文章写得很好，你最好看看。
Nt nly everything he had had taken away frm him，but als his German citizenship was taken away frm him.不仅他所有的一切被剥夺，而且连他的德国国籍也被剥夺了。
2.表示转折关系
常用连词：but yet when while
I wuld have written befre but I have been ill.我本该早写信的，但我生病了。
She’s a funny girl，yet yu can’t help liking her.她很滑稽，但你禁不住会喜欢她。
He sld it fr 10 dllars when everyne else sld it fr 12.别人卖12元，他却卖10元。
Yu like tennis，while I’d rather read.你爱打网球，但我爱看书。
3.表示选择关系
常用连词：r either ...
Be careful abut what yu say r yu may regret it.当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的。
Will he still be there r will he have gne away？ 他还在那里还是可能已经走了？
Either yu are mad r I am （mad）.不是你疯了，就是我疯了。
Either yu must imprve yur wrk r we shall dismiss yu.
要么你好好干，要么我就辞退你。
4.表示因果关系
常用连词：fr s
He shk his head，fr he thught differently.他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。
The grund is wet，fr it rained last night.地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。
He tld me t d it，s I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。
【提示】 fr 并列连词，表示因果关系，一般置于主句之后。
并列句 二、并列句特殊句式
二、并列句特殊句式
1.祈使句+连词+陈述句
（1）祈使句+and+陈述句
Wrk hard and yu’ll succeed.努力干吧，你会成功的。
Arrive late nce mre and yu’re fired.你再迟到一次，你就会被开除。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。
Fllw the dctr’s advice，and yu’ll be well very sn.
听从医生的医嘱，你很快就会好起来的。
（2）祈使句+r+陈述句
Wrk hard r yu will fail in the exam.如果你不努力的话，考试会不及格的。
Take the chance，r yu will never succeed.抓住机会吧，否则你永远不会成功。
Watch yur step，r else yu might fall int the water.留神脚下，不然你会掉进水里的。
D as yu’re tld，therwise yu’ll be in truble.
叫你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会有麻烦的。
【提示】 r 有时也可以用r else或therwise代替。
（3）名词词组+and+陈述句
One mre step，and the baby will fall int the well.
再多迈一步，这个小男孩就掉进井里了。
One step further and yu’ll get lst.再多走一步，你就会迷失方向了。
A few minutes earlier，and I culd have seen the famus scientist.
要是我早来几分钟，就能见到那位著名的科学家了。
A bit mre effrt，and the prblem wuld be straightened ut.
再多点努力，问题就会解决。
（4）祈使句+破折号+陈述句
Try sme f this juice — perhaps yu’ll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
【比较】
①Wrk hard，and yu’ll succeed.（并列句：祈使句+and+结果分句）
②If yu wrk hard，yu’ll succeed.（复合句）
③Wrking hard，yu’ll succeed.（简单句，现在分词作状语）
2.“分句+when ...”句式，意为“就在那时（突然）……”
（1）was/were ding sth.when ...
She was watching TV when the dr bell rang.她正在看电视，这时门铃响了。
He was still smiling when the dr pened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候，门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
He was running away when the plicemen stpped him.
他正要逃跑，警察突然拦住了他。
（2）had dne sth.when ...
He had gne t bed when the telephne rang.他刚刚上床睡觉电话就响了。
I had travelled nly tw hurs when the winds increased s much.
我刚走了两个小时，突然狂风大作。
He had walked a few steps when he realized it was the wrng directin.
他还没走出去几步远，突然意识到走错了方向。
（3）was/were abut t d sth.when ...
They were abut t set ut when it began t rain.他们正要出发，这时下起了雨。
She was just abut t say smething mre when she nticed his srrwful lk.
她刚要再说些什么，突然看到了他悲伤的脸色。
We were abut t telephne yu when yur telegram arrived.
我们正准备给你打电话，这时你的电报来了。
（4）was/were n the pint f ding sth.when ...
He was n the pint f leaving when smene kncked at the dr.他刚要走就有人敲门。
They were n the pint f giving up when the captain encuraged them fiercely t save the ship.就在他们快要放弃努力时，船长鼓励他们竭尽全力挽救轮船。
The cach was just n the pint f giving up the game when ur team scred tw pints.
教练正准备放弃比赛，这时我们队得了两分。
（5）was/were busy ding sth.when ...
I was busy ding my hmewrk when ne f my classmates came.
我正忙着做作业，这时我的一个同学来找我。
I was busy cking when there was a knck at the dr.
我正在忙着做饭，突然听到了敲门的声音。
（6）was/were+介词短语+when ...
He was n his way t a lecture when a turist stpped him.
在他去听课的路上，一名游客拦住了他。
The mther was inside the huse when the shting ccurred.
枪击事件发生时，这位母亲正在家里。