Module 6　The Internet and Telecommunications

(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)

1 access n.接近;通路;享用(的机会或权利)v.接近;进入

◆用access的适当形式填空

①...that allows computer users　　　　　　　 information from millions of websites via the Internet.(教材原句) 

②Many stations have wheelchair 　　　　　　　from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.(2020课标全国Ⅰ) 

③While restaurants throw away tons of food each year, much of it remains　　　　　　　because of locked garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies.(2019浙江) 

④Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more 　　　　　　　and preserve its history and culture. 

◆一句多译

建议花瓶不应放在孩子们够得到的地方。

It's suggested that the vase should not be kept where

⑤　　　　　　　.(accessible) 

⑥　　　　　　　.(reach) 

答案　①to access　②access　③inaccessible　④accessible

⑤it is accessible to children　⑥it is within children's reach

2 design v.设计;构思n.设计;图案

◆单句填空

①He 　　　　　　　(design) the first “web browser”, which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.(教材原句) 

②But in half the cases she wore a specially 　　　　　　　(design) fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.(2020新高考Ⅰ) 

③She arrived just as we were leaving, but whether this was 　　　　　　　accident or 　　　　　　　design I was not sure. 

④This project which had been designed　　　(help)people just didn't work out as planned. 

◆句型升级

⑤The album was designed for children and became popular with parents immediately it came out.

　　　　　　　, the album became popular with parents immediately it came out.(非谓语动词作状语) 

①designed　②designed　③by;by　④to help⑤Designed for children

3 concentrate v.集中(注意力、思想等)

◆完成句子

①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to　　　　　　　(专注于) her studies. 

②I found it hard 　　　　　　　(集中精力) when some people were chatting around me. 

③　　　　　　　　　　　　　(集中精力于) your study, and you will make greater progress. 

◆句型升级

④He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance.

→　　　　　　　, he didn't notice my appearance.(with复合结构) 

→　　　　　　　, he didn't notice my appearance. (非谓语动词作状语) 

答案　①concentrate on　②to concentrate

③Concentrate on　④With his mind concentrated on his work;Concentrating his mind on his work

4 average adj.平均的;普通的;平常的　n.平均;平均数;平均标准　v.平均为

◆单句填空

①It's shown that men have twice as many serious accidents as women do 　　　　　　　average while driving according to recent statistics. 

②　　　　　　　 average of 130,000 Chinese have been going abroad for studies every year over the past few years. 

③He was a good student and scored 　　　　　　　average in most subjects. 

◆完成句子

④　　　　　　　(平均时间) the Chinese people spend online is 17 hours per week.(教材原句) 

⑤Freddy was　　　　　　　(一名普通的学生), but not　　　　　　　(一个普通的人). 

答案　①on　②An　③above　④The average time⑤an average student;an average person

1 consist of由……组成

◆单句填空

①It consists　　　　　　　millions of pages of data.(教材原句) 

②Most food webs, for instance, consist 　　　　　　　many weak links rather than a few strong ones. (2019天津) 

③A medical team, 　　　　　　　(consist) of five experienced doctors and ten skilful nurses, was sent to the earthquake-stricken area in Turkey. 

④True happiness does not consist 　　　　　　　the possession of money, but the joy of achievement. 

◆一句多译

生活中不仅仅有阳光,还有艰难的日子。

Life

答案　①of　②of　③consisting　④in　⑤consists of

⑥is made up of　⑦is composed of

2 come up with提出;想出

◆单句填空

①He came up 　　　　　　　the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.(教材原句) 

②Is this your necklace, Mary? I came 　　　　　　　it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. 

③Many questions came 　　　　　　　at the meeting, but he answered none. 

④When Jane came　　　　　　　, she didn't know how long she had been lying in bed, unconscious. 

◆完成句子

⑤政府用了将近30年的时间想出了一个重新引入狼的计划。

The government spent nearly 30 years 　　　　　　　a plan to reintroduce the wolves. 

⑥当说到公开演讲,通常说的少就是说的多。

　　　　　　　 public speaking, less is usually more. 

答案　①with　②across　③up　④to　⑤coming up with　⑥When it comes to

1 make it+adj.+for sb. to do sth.

◆单句填空

①Our school made it possible for every student 　　　　　　　(use) a computer in class. 

②I think it no good 　　　　　　　(read) in bed. 

◆完成句子

③漆黑一片,不可能看清布告上写的是什么。

The total darkness 　　　　　　　make out what the notice said. 

④她说这些睡前活动会让孩子们兴奋不已,很难平静下来睡觉。

She says these bedtime activities can get kids excited and　　　　　　　 for them to calm down and sleep. 

⑤他一直认为有一个精力充沛且经验丰富的助手是必要的。

He always 　　　　　　　to have an energetic and experienced assistant. 

答案　①to use　②reading　③made it impossible to

④make it hard/difficult　⑤thinks/considers it necessary

2 部分否定

◆把下列部分否定的句子改为全部否定句　

①I do not remember all the details.

→　　　　　　 

②Both of them are not my brothers.

→　　　　　　 

③Not everything she did pleased him.

→　　　　　　 

④She is not always excited.

→　　　　　　 

◆一句多译

不是所有的人都愿意帮助他人。

⑤　　　　　　　(all...not) 

⑥　　　　　　　(not...all) 

答案　①I remember none of the details.　②Neither of them is my brother.　③Nothing she did pleased him.　④She is never excited.　⑤All people are not willing to help others.　⑥Not all people are willing to help others.

1 教材与语法填空

　　阅读所学课文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Internet,which is the 1.　　　(big)source of information,2.　　　(consist)of millions of pages of data.Everyone in the world can access it 3.　　　(use)the World Wide Web through a computer.But how did it start?In 1969,it was a US defenceorganisation 4.　　　developed a way for all their computers to“talk”to each other 5.　　　the telephone.Then in 1984,the US National Science Foundation started the NSFNET network.It became possible for 6.　　　(university)to use the system as well. 

Later Tim Berners-Lee,an English scientist came up with the idea of the World Wide Web and invented it in 1991,7.　　　allowed computer users 8.　　　(access)documents from other computers.From that moment on,the web and the Internet grew.Within five years,the number of Internet users rose 9.　　　(quick).The Internet has created thousands of millionaires,10.　　　Berners-Lee is not one of them.He now works as a lecturer at an institute. 

答案　1.biggest　2.consists　3.using　4.that/which5.through　6.universities　7.which　8.to access9.quickly　10.but

2 教材与短文改错

根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

I agree to this idea,especially on the subject of learning English.In my class,there have 45 students,and our English lessons lasted for 50 minutes.That means that we every have one minute of our teacher's time! Our English teacher is excellent,and she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.It will be much better if we spent the time to working on a computer.There are 45 computers in our school,so they could do that.If we work independent,we can learn much more.And we can learn about the subjects that we are interested.

答案　1.第一句:to→with　2.第二句:have→are

3.第二句:lasted→last　4.第三句:every→each

5.第四句:and→but　6.第五句:will→would

7.第五句:去掉working前的to或to→in

8.第六句:they→we　9.第七句:independent→independently　10.第八句:interested后加in

3 教材与话题写作

Ⅰ.写作要点

　　根据下面的素材,用本模块所学词汇和句式结构完成句子。

1.这所学校作为省级规范化学校而出名。

2.去年,该校校长在会上提出了一个新的提议。

3.为了满足学生的需要,学校应该盖一栋由图书馆和阅览室组成的新楼。

4.阅览室设计容纳200名学生,在那儿学生们还可以使用因特网。

5.自从阅览室开放以来,平均每天有100人来此专心阅读。

6.由于期中考试临近,和上个月相比,来阅读的学生数量下降了。

Ⅱ.连句成篇

将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

答案　

One possible version:

The school becomes known as a provincial standardized school.Its headmaster came up with a new proposal at the meeting last year.That is, to meet the needs of the students, the school should put up a new building, which consists of a library and a reading room.The reading room is designed to hold 200 students, where students can have access to the Internet as well.Since it opened up, an average of 100 students have come here to concentrate their attention on reading every day. However, with the midterm exam approaching,the number of students who come to read has gone down compared with that of last month. 

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020湖南永州模拟)

　　Google, one of the world's outstanding tech companies, was attacked. It wasn't its search engine that was attacked or its advertising platform or even its social network, Google+. Instead, it was a building.

　　Two web security experts hacked (侵入) into its Wharf 7 office in Sydney, Australia, through Google's building management system (BMS). One of them, Billy Rios, says, “My colleague and I have a lot of experience in web security, but it is not something that people couldn't learn. Once you understand how the system works, it is very simple.”

　　They found the system on Shodan, a search engine that lists devices connected to the Internet, and then ran it through their own software to identify who owned the building. In the case of the Google hacking, the researchers had no immoral purpose and just informed Google about what they found.

　　According to Mr. Rios, who runs the security company Whitescope, there are 50,000 buildings currently connected to the Internet, including research institutes, churches and hospitals, and 2,000 of those are online with no password protection. Martyn Thomas, a professor of IT at Gresham College in the UK, says, “It is beyond doubt that attempts to attack building management systems are happening all the time.”

　　Making a building smart generally means connecting the systems that control heating and security to the Internet and the wider corporate network. There was a strong reason for doing this, said Andrew Kelly, principal security consultant at the defence company Qinetiq.

　　“Energy savings are the biggest factor in connecting building management systems to the corporate network,” he says. “It gives those who run the building better control and offers between 20% to 50% in energy savings,” he adds.

　　But it also makes them less secure. And if any of these feels like a Hollywood film, think again.

1.How did Billy Rios and his colleague hack into Google's building?

A.They invented a search engine and connected it to Google's building.

B.They connected their own software to the building to run Google.

C.They worked for Google and mastered how the building worked.

D.They used Google's BMS to find out the owner of the building.

2.In the case of the Google hacking, the researchers had the intention of 　　　. 

A.telling Google about the Wharf 7 office's hidden danger

B.entering Google's building to save more energy

C.explaining the reasons for energy savings

D.analyzing some immoral problems

3.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A.There are many researchers contributing a lot to web security.

B.The attack on building management systems happens all over the world.

C.The building management systems of some buildings are in danger.

D.There are too many buildings connected to the Internet to be managed well.

4.What is the author's attitude towards the way of the energy savings of some buildings?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A.Favorable  .  B.Ambiguous.

C.Neutral.    D.Negative.

答案　

1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句 Two web security experts hacked (侵入) into its Wharf 7 office in Sydney, Australia, through Google's building management system (BMS). 以及第三段第一句 They found the system on Shodan, a search engine that lists devices connected to the Internet, and then ran it through their own software to identify who owned the building. 可知,他们是根据BMS系统找到建筑物的所有者然后入侵谷歌建筑的。故选D项。

2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中In the case of the Google hacking, the researchers had no immoral purpose and just informed Google about what they found.以及第四段的描述可知,研究人员想告诉 Google 公司这套系统有隐藏的危险。故选A项。

3.C　主旨大意题。根据文章第四段第一句 According to Mr. Rios, who runs the security company Whitescope, there are 50,000 buildings currently connected to the Internet, including research institutes, churches and hospitals, and 2,000 of those are online with no password protection. 可知,很多连接互联网的建筑都没有密码保护,都处于潜在的危险之中。故选C项。

4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 But it also makes them less secure. And if any of these feels like a Hollywood film, think again. 可知,节能系统有好处,但是它也是潜在的不安全因素。说明作者持否定态度。故选D项。A:赞同的;B:模糊的;C:中立的。

B

(2020课标全国Ⅰ)

Train Information

All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.

While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.

Lost property(失物招领)

Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.

Public holidays

On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.

Customers using mobility devices

Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.

Guardian trains(outbound)

5.What would you do to get ticket information?

A.Call 13 16 17. B.Visit translink.com.au.

C.Ask at the local station. D.Check the train schedule.

6.At which station can you find the lost property office?

A.Altandi.   B.Roma Street.

C.Varsity Lakes.  D.Fortitude Valley.

7.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?

A.6:42 pm.   B.7:29 pm.

C.8:57 pm.   D.11:02 pm.

答案　

[语篇解读]　本文为应用文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是乘坐火车的信息。文章介绍了乘坐火车的一些关键事项。文章旨在培养学生快速获取信息的能力。

5.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:你将做什么来得到车票信息?根据文章第一段的For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.可知,如果想获取车票信息,可以在当地火车站询问或拨打13 12 30,故C项正确。

6.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:在哪个车站你可以找到失物招领处?根据文章Lost property部分的最后一句可知,失物招领处是在Roma Street。

7.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果你想从Central 到Varsity Lakes,你会乘坐哪列火车?根据文章最后的列车时刻表可知,从Central到Varsity Lakes的列车是下午7点29分发车。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020重庆南开中学二模)

Decision-making can be extremely difficult. 　1　 

In any approach to a problem and in any negotiation, the Western world turns to the “I to you” approach while Japan, the “you to you” approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, it often comes a confrontation(冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful at dealing with.　2　 Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual (相互的)attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony. 

Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the worker. 　3　 Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision. 

　4　 The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. 　5　 While the American are pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese are trying to think up a rather broad direction. 

On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace at which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners, perhaps, lag behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.

A.In general, harmony is hard to achieve in most Western companies.

B.However, in Japan, great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels.

C.That's why Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in Japanese businesses.

D.Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles.

E.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person's point of view.

F.Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.

G.Brainstorming plays a significant role in both Western and Eastern decision-making.

1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 

答案　

[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,主题语境为人与社会。文章以西方和日本为例,说明了不同的文化中决策风格的不同。

1.F　过渡句。结合下文In any approach to a problem and in any negotiation, the Western world turns to the “I to you” approach while Japan, the “you to you” approach.(在任何解决问题的方法和谈判中,西方世界采用“我对你”的方法,而日本采用“你对你”的方法。)可知,不同的文化中,决策的风格也不一样。故F选项“决策风格在不同的文化中有很大的差异。”符合上下文语境。

2.E　细节句。上文The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, it often comes a confrontation situation, which Westerners are very skillful at dealing with.(前者是指双方都公开地从自己的角度提出自己的观点。很自然地,经常会出现对峙的局面,西方人很善于处理这种局面。)中的The former“前者”可对应到E选项中的The latter“后者”,故E选项“后者是基于双方都试图理解对方的观点。”符合上下文语境。

3.B　过渡句。根据下文Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.(基于“自下而上的方向”,思想可以在最低层产生,通过组织向上传递,并对最终决策产生影响。)可推知,本句在说明一种重视基层人们的思想和意见的文化,故B项“然而,在日本,人们很重视各级人们的思想和意见。”符合上下文语境。

4.D　主题句。根据下文The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly.(日本商人努力达成和谐,即使交易失败,他们也会花任何必要的时间来确定一种“你对你”的方式,只间接地交流个人观点。)可知,此处是在说明沟通方式对决策差异的影响。故D项“决策的差异也来自不同的沟通方式。”符合本段主题。

5.C　过渡句。根据下文While the American are pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese are trying to think up a rather broad direction.(当美国人迫切要求一个具体的决定时,日本人正试图想出一个相当宽泛的方向。)可知,日本和美国的沟通方式不同,故本句为说明这两种不同的沟通方式会引起的矛盾。故C项“这就是为什么美国人经常被日本企业的会议搞得心烦意乱。”符合上下文语境。

Ⅲ.短文改错

(2020山西太原二模)

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

With time pass by, I will be 18 years old. In other words, I will be a adult. What I want to express most is certainly my appreciate. First of all, I must thank for my parents, with which care and love I have grown up happily. What's more, I am quite gratefully to the dear teachers I had ever met. It is the teachers have taught me what should be done. Last but not least, having such many lovely friends makes my life quite meaningful and helps you realize the importance of sharing happiness and sorrows with others. I am sure that I will be better with the love given by others.

答案

1.第一句:pass→passing　句意:随着时间的流逝,我就要18岁了。宾语time与宾补pass之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。故将pass改为passing。

2.第二句:a→an　句意:换句话说,我将是一名成年人了。adult是以元音音素开头的单词,要用不定冠词an。

3.第三句:appreciate→appreciation　句意:我最想表达的肯定是我的谢意。在句中作表语且有形容词性物主代词my修饰,所以要用名词形式。故将appreciate改为appreciation。

4.第四句:去掉for　句意:首先我要感谢我的父母,在他们的关爱中我幸福地成长。thank是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语,不需要加介词for。

5.第四句:which→whose　此处表达:他们的,所以要用关系代词whose引导定语从句。

6.第五句:gratefully→grateful　句意:此外,我非常感恩我遇到的亲爱的老师们。be grateful to sb.中要用形容词作表语。故将gratefully改为grateful。

7.第五句:had→have　此处表达“到现在为止遇到的老师们”,要用现在完成时。故将had改为have。

8.第六句:teachers后加that/who　句意:正是这些老师们教会了我应该做什么。本句是强调句型,被强调部分是句子的主语the teachers,应该用“It is sb. that/who+其他部分”。

9.第七句:such→so　有这么多可爱的朋友们使我的生活非常有意义。so many+可数名词复数。

10.第七句:you→me　此处表达朋友帮我意识到了与别人分享幸福和悲伤的重要性。本文描述的是“我”,所以将you改为me。

Ⅳ.书面表达

(2020湖南雅礼中学5月模拟)

　　由于新冠肺炎(COVID-19),你所在国际学校原定下周举行的生命科学周将改为在网上进行。你受学生会委托写一则英文通知,内容包括:

1.变更原因;

2.具体活动;

3.期待参与。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

答案　

One possible version:

Notice

May 18,2020

Life Sciences Week

Due to the on-going concerns regarding COVID-19, we have decided to move our Life Sciences Week, scheduled for May 22—26, to a fully virtual experience.

Life Sciences Week is a five-day exploration of the natural world. Lectures to be delivered by distinguished professors will provide you with more insights into rare species of flora and fauna. Besides, you can watch documentaries to get a unique glimpse into the secretive lives of germs. There will also be a digital exhibition featuring students' paintings and photographic works, where you will be awed by the beauty of our community.

The full list of events is now available at our school website. Please join us online for an exciting and rewarding experience!

The Students' Union