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高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第二册Lesson 1 A Medical Pioneer导学案
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这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第二册Lesson 1 A Medical Pioneer导学案，共19页。
Unit 6 The Admirable
There are pioneer souls that blaze their paths where highways never ran.
—Sam Foss
在那没有大道可通的地方，先驱者开辟了他们的道路。 ——山姆·福斯
We always like those who admire us；we do not always like those whom we admire. —duc de La Rochefoucauld
我们总是喜欢崇敬我们的人，但并不总是喜欢我们所崇敬的人。
——德·拉·罗什福科尔
Many of life's failures are experienced by people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. —Thomas Edison
很多人失败，是因为他们不知道他们放弃时，距离成功是多么的近。
——托马斯·爱迪生
We do not admire the man of timid(胆怯的) peace.We admire the man who embodies victorious efforts，the man who never wrongs his neighbor，who is prompt to help a friend，but who has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stern strife of actual life.It is hard to fail，but it is worse never to have tried to succeed.In this life we get nothing save by effort.Freedom from effort in the present merely means that there has been effort stored up in the past.A man can be free from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose.
Qian Xuesen was a rocket scientist.He was famous all over the world as the father of China's space technology.He was born in 1911.On October 31，2009，he passed away peacefully.
Qian Xuesen graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934.In 1935，he went to the United States for further study.In 1950，he heard that the new China had been founded，he began to try his best to go back to his motherland.Since 1958，Dr.Qian had devoted all his life to China's aerospace science and technology and made great achievements.He set up China's first missileandrocketresearch institute (导弹、火箭研究机构)，which later helped start China's space program.He retired in 1991，the year before China's manned space program (载人航天计划) was started.His research formed the basis (基础) of the Long March CZ2F rocket that carried astronaut Yang Liwei into orbit in 2003.
[探究发现]
1．Find out how old when Qian Xuesen passed away?
98．
2．Find out when China started manned space program.
In 1992．
SectionⅠ Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.award A．n.物力；资源
( )2.honour B．n.知识，学问；智慧
( )3.establish C．vt.授予；给予
( )4.resource D．vt.建立，设立
( )5.wisdom E．n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB
B．短语匹配
( )1.with the help of A．努力争取，为……斗争
( )2.come across B．除……之外
( )3.fight for... C．心里已有……
( )4.have...in mind D．在……帮助下
( )5.apart from... E．偶遇
[答案] 1－5 DEACB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．committee n. 委员会
2．academy n. 研究院；学会
3．million n. 百万
4．literature n. 文献资料；著述；文学
5．staff n. 全体职员，员工
6．eventually adv. 最终；终于
7．despite prep. 尽管；虽然
8．potential n. 潜力；可能性
9．integrate vi.& vt. (使)结合；(使)成为一体
10．apart adj.&adv. 分开；散开
Ⅰ.语境填词
resource；eventually；establish；committee；wisdom；staff；despite；honour；integrate；potential
1．The committee was established in 1912.
2．These programs can be integrated with your existing software.
3．My reasons were stated in writing and circulated to all committee members.
4．They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her.
5．He was eventually diagnosed as suffering from terminal cancer.
6．All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential．
7．Despite applying for hundreds of jobs，he is still out of work.
8．He gave an example of bravery and wisdom．
9．We must make the most efficient use of the available financial resources．
10．The outpatient program has a staff of six people.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Cooperative activity is essential to effective(effect)community work.
2．He received the award in recognition(recognize) of his success over the past year.
3．Her charity work is an inspiration(inspire) to us all.
4．We are doing our best with the limited(limit) resources available.
5．He was voted the most promising(promise) new actor for his part in the movie.
6．The course is suitable for beginners and advanced(advance) students.
1．She began to talk about the lifesaving drug，artemisinin，which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s.
她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。
2．Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
后来，她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医，从他们那里她获得了传统医学的深层理解。
3．In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
1969年，屠呦呦被选中成立了一个小组，以找到治愈疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。
4．Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始运用现代研究方法，对这些中草药逐一进行研究。
5．Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned.
尽管屠呦呦对名气不感兴趣，但她已成为一位因工作成就而享誉国际的科学家。
词语助读
①lifesaving adj.救命的
②artemisinin青蒿素是最有效的抗疟特效药，尤其是对于脑型疟疾和抗氯喹疟疾，具有速效和低毒的特点，曾被世界卫生组织称之“世界上唯一有效的疟疾治疗药物”。
③with the help of... 在……帮助下
④in the 1970s在20世纪70年代
⑤award vt.授予；给予
⑥discovery n．发现
discover v．发现
⑦artemisinin n．青蒿素
⑧recognition n．表彰；赞扬
recognize v．认出，辨认出；承认
⑨academy n．研究院；学会
⑩establish vt.建立；设立
⑪cure n．治疗；治愈 vt.治愈；治好
cure sb.of...治愈某人某种疾病
⑫malaria n．疟疾
⑬chemical n．化学品；adj.化学的
⑭herb n．药草；草本植物
⑮literature n．文献资料；著述；文学
⑯recipe n．处方；秘诀
⑰antimalarial 抗疟疾的
⑱one by one逐个地；依次地
⑲limited adj.有限的
⑳resource n．物力；资源
staff n．全体职员，员工
laboratory n．实验室
quality n．质量
eventually adv.最终；终于
come across偶然遇见
promising adj.大有希望的
volunteer v．自愿做
fame n．名声；名誉
internationally adv.国际地
despite prep.尽管；虽然
according to据(……听说；依照)
wisdom n．知识，学问；智慧
potential n．潜力；可能性
integrate vt.&vi.(使)结合；(使)成为一体
原文呈现
A MEDICAL PIONEER
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015，an 84yearold Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage.She began to talk about the lifesaving①drug，artemisinin②，which she had discovered with the help of③her team in the 1970s④.[1]The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded⑤a Nobel Prize for her work.A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that“the discovery⑥of artemisinin⑦has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition⑧and encouragement for all scientists in ChinA．”[2]
[1]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰artemisinin。
[2]When thanking中间省略了she was。
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province，China，on 30 December，1930.She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre.After graduation，she became a member of China Academy⑨ of Chinese Medical Sciences.Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establisha team to find a cure⑪for malaria⑫—a disease that killed millions of people every year.Across the world，scientists had been trying to find a cure.They tested more than 240，000 chemicals⑬with no success.However，Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs⑭might hold the secret.She studied ancient Chinese medical literature⑮and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine.She researched hundreds of traditional recipes⑯connected to antimalarial⑰cures.Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one⑱.
This was not an easy task.The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited⑲resources⑳.[3]They did not have enough staff，and the laboratoryin which they worked had poor air quality.However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventuallycame acrossa promisingchemical.It worked well in experiments on animals，but they had to know if it was safe for humans.Tu Youyou bravely volunteeredto be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her.The test was a success.The medicine they discovered，artemisinin，has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malariA．
[3]The reason why...is that...表示“……的原因是……”。
Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned.In 2019，she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th Century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing.Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China，her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds，saving millions of lives.[4]Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age.According to Tu Youyou，“From our research experience in discovering artemisinin，we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine.There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated，”she said.
[4]that引导的句子是the fact的同位语。
译文参考
医学先行者
在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖演讲上，一位84岁的中国女士缓缓走上舞台。她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说：“青蒿素的发现导致了新药的开发，这些新药拯救了数百万人的生命。”屠呦呦在感谢委员会给予的荣誉时说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
屠呦呦1930年12月30日出生于中国浙江省。她在北京大学健康科学中心学习医学。毕业后，她成为中国中医医学研究院的一员。后来，她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医，从他们那里，她获得了对传统医学的深层理解。
1969年，屠呦呦被选中成立了一个小组，以找到治愈疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。在世界各地，科学家们一直在试图找到一种治疗方法。他们已测试了24万多种化学物质，但没有成功。然而，屠呦呦却有一个想法，那就是中草药可能会有秘诀。她研究了古代中医的医学文献，拜访了传统中医界的专家。她研究了数百种与抗疟疾疗法相关的传统处方。随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始运用现代研究方法，对这些中草药逐一进行研究。
这不是一项容易的工作。之所以困难，是因为该小组的资源有限。他们没有足够的人手，他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种很有希望的化学物质。它在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。当他们准备开始试验时，屠呦呦自告奋勇成为第一个试验者，接着，她团队中的其他人也进行了临床试验。这次试验很成功。他们发现的青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物。
尽管屠呦呦对名气不感兴趣，但她已成为一位因工作成就而享誉国际的科学家。与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和艾阿兰·马西森图灵一起，在2019年，她被英国广播公司选为20世纪科学界最有影响力的人物之一。屠呦呦闻名于世是因其在中国科学的困难时期勇敢地选择成为一名科学家，且运用古老智慧和新方法实现了自己的目标，以及她的工作成就沟通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命。尽管她年纪大了，但她今天仍继续进行研究。屠呦呦说：“从我们发现青蒿素的研究经验中，我们学到了中西医的智慧。这两种智慧如果能够完全融合，未来的发展潜力巨大。”
速读P52－P53教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin on her own.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Tu Youyou once studied at Peking University.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin in 1969.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin using modern research methods about Chinese herbs.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The working condition of Tu Youyou and her team was difficult.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．that killed millions of people every year
B．why the task was difficult
C．which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s
D．in which they worked had poor air quality
E．from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices
1．Tu Youyou began to talk about the lifesaving drug，artemisinin，________．
2．Tu Youyou studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field ________．
3．In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria－a disease ________．
4．The reason ________ was that the team had limited resources.
5．They did not have enough staff，and the laboratory ________．
[答案] 1－5 CEABD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Tu Youyou
Her achievements
The first Chinese female scientist 1.to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
Personal information
Born in Zhejiang Province，on 2.30 December，1930；
Studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre；
Became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences after 3.graduation.
Her missions and
research
Chosen to establish a team to find 4.a cure for malaria in 1969；
Researched hundreds of
5．traditional recipes connected to antimalarial cures；
Using 6.modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
The challenges
The team had 7.limited resources．They didn't have enough staff，and the laboratory where they worked had poor 8.air quality.
Her attitude towards
fame
She is 9.not interested in fame，but she has become a scientist whose work is 10.internationally renowned.
细读P52－P53教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
( )1.ParA．1 A．Tu Youyou's missions and research.
( )2.ParA．2 B．Tu Youyou's attitude towards fame.
( )3.ParA．3 C．Tu Youyou's achievements.
( )4.ParA．4 D．Tu Youyou's personal information.
( )5.ParA．5 E．The challenges Tu Youyou and her team faced.
[答案] 1－5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．When did Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin?
A．In 2015. B．In the 1970s.
C．In 1930. D．In 1969.
2．What did Tu Youyou learn from the experts in Chinese medicine?
A．She learned the real meaning of traditional medicine.
B．The inspiration for scientists.
C．The importance of artemisinin.
D．How to discover a new drug.
3．What was the goal of the team established by Tu Youyou?
A．To find the reason of malariA．
B．To test different chemicals.
C．To find the cure for malariA．
D．To find traditional recipes.
4．Which is not the difficulty which Tu Youyou and her team met with?
A．Air quality of their lab was poor.
B．There were not enough staff.
C．They had limited resources.
D．They met with hundreds of failed experiments.
5．What can we learn from the text?
A．Tu Youyou is not interested in fame.
B．Tu Youyou doesn't continue to conduct research today because of her age.
C．Tu Youyou was forced to be the first human subject.
D．Tu Youyou used traditional research methods to study the Chinese herbs.
[答案] 1－4 BACDA
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读教材课文中含有描述困难或困境的语句
1．They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success.
2．They did not have enough staff，and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.
3．It worked well in experiments on animals，but they had to know if it was safe for humans.
B．判断下列句子是否为描述困难或困境的语句
1．She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to antimalarial cures.(是)
2．However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.(不是)
3．Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her.(不是)
1．admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj.极其出色的；令人钦佩的→admiration n．钦佩；赞赏；欣赏
2．generous adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的→generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
3．effect n．效应；影响；结果→effective adj.有效的；产生预期效果的→effectively adv.有效地；实际上
4．recognize vt.认出；辨认出；承认→recognition n．表彰；赞扬；承认；认可；赏识；认出
5．limit n．限度；极限；界限 vt.限定→limited adj.有限的→limiting adj.局限的，限制性的
6．promise vt.承诺；答应；许诺n.诺言；许诺→promising adj.大有希望的
7．advance n．发展；进步 vt.前进，行进；(知识、技术等)发展，进步；促进→advanced adj.高级的；先进的
recognition n．表彰；赞扬；承认；认可；赏识；认出
①He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition. 认出
②There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform. 认可
③He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year. 赏识
Words and Phrases
知识要点1 admire vt.钦佩；欣赏；羡慕
(教材P50) I admire them because they are so brave...
我钦佩他们，因为他们很勇敢……
[例1] You have to admire the way he handled the situation.
你不得不佩服他处理这个局面的手段。
[例2] He stood back to admire his handiwork.
他退后几步欣赏他的手工艺品。
[造句] 我们特意驻足欣赏风景。
We took time to stop and admire the view.
[知识拓展]
(1) admire...for (doing)... 因(做)某事而钦佩某人
(2)admiration n. 赞美；钦佩；欣赏
express/have admiration for... (表达)钦佩/羡慕……
with admiration 钦佩地
(3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极佳的
admiring adj. 钦佩的；赞美的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I don't agree with her，but I admire her for sticking to her principles.
②I have great admiration(admire) for her as a writer.
③Her dedication to her work was admirable(admire)．
[小片段填空]
I ①admired him ②for his ③admirable behavior before danger.So I wrote a letter to ④express admiration for him.
知识要点2 cure v．治愈；治好(疾病)n.治法
(教材P50) cure diseases治愈疾病
[例1] Will you be able to cure him，Doctor?
医生，你能把他治好吗？
[例2] TB is a serious illness，but it can be cured.
肺结核虽然是一种严重的疾病，但可治愈。
[造句] 这种病尚没有确切的治愈方法，但可以医治。
There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.
[知识拓展]
cure sb.of 治愈某人的……
a cure for (疾病的)治疗方法
[即学即练] 用适当的介词填空/完成句子
①Although this medicine can cure you of your illness，it has a bad effect on you.
②Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS will be found.
③I can give you some medicine to cure your headache(治疗你的头疼)．
知识要点3 fight for...努力争取，为……斗争
(教材P50) fight for justice
为正义而战
[例1] We are prepared to fight for every inch of territory.
我们时刻准备着为每一寸领土而战。
[例2] Every day I have to fight for the cause of increasing in pay.
每天我都必须为增加工资而卖力工作。
[造句] 他宣称要为他的权利而斗争。
He declared that he would fight for his right.
[知识拓展]
fight against 为反对……而斗争
fight with 与……并肩作战；与……斗争
fight about 争论……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He fought against the disease for a long time.
②You even fought with your friend to protect me.
知识要点4 effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的
(教材P52) The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.
含青蒿素的药物已证明是最有效的治疗方法。
[例1] Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.
阿司匹林药片治疗方法简便，效果却非常显著。
[例2] He has now taken effective control of the country.
他目前已有效地控制了这个国家。
[造句] 多亏近来的研究才有了有效的疗法。
Thanks to recent research，effective treatments are available.
[知识拓展]
(1)efficiency n． 效率；功效
(2)effect n. 效果；功效；因果
have an effect on 对……产生影响
come into effect 开始实施
in effect 实际上；事实上
take effect 生效；奏效
of no effect 无效的；无用的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He managed the factory with unobtrusive efficiency(effective)．
②The new law will come into effect next month.
③In effect，the state decides how many students will go to university.
[小片段填空]
The new regulation will ①come into effect on January 1，2022，which will ②have an effect on traffic.People think it is an ③effective way to stop drunk driving.
知识要点5 award vt.授予；给予n.奖；奖品
(教材P52) The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
[例1] He was nominated for the best actor award.
他获得最佳演员奖提名。
[例2] The first prize was awarded to the youngest
competitor.
一等奖授给了最年轻的比赛者。
[造句] 他被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics.
[知识拓展]
win/receive/get an award for... 因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
award sb.for sth. 因某事而奖励某人
award sb.sth./award sth.to sb. 授予某人某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He received an award for bravery from the police service.
②He awarded the first prize to the winner.
③The soldier was awarded for his great courage in the battle.
知识要点6 recognition n．表彰；赞扬；认出；认可
(教材P53) This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in ChinA．
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。
[例1] At last，her father's work has received popular recognition.
最后，她父亲的工作得到了大众的认可。
[例2] His achievement has won general recognition.
他的成就为大家所公认。
[造句] 有些艺术家死后才得到世人赏识。
Some artists did not gain recognition until after death.
[知识拓展]
(1) out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
(2)recognize vt. 辨认出；承认
recognize sb./sth.by/from... 通过……认出某人/某物
recognize...as/to be... 认为……是……
It is recognized that... 人们公认……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's universally recognized as an authority on Russian affairs.
②The school has been expanded beyond recognition.
③It is recognized(recognize) that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
知识要点7 come across偶然遇见
(教材P53)However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.
然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种很有希望的化学物质。
[例1] The other day I came across a friend in the street.
日前我在街上遇见了一个朋友。
[例2] I was taking a walk when I came across my aunt.
我正在散步时遇到了我的婶婶。
[造句] 昨天晚上我碰巧遇见了我的一个老同学。
I came across one of my old classmates last night.
[知识拓展]
come about 发生，产生
come up 出现；走近
come up with 追上；想出，找出(答案)
come to 达到；总共，总计；谈到
come out 出来，出现；出版；结局
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Can you tell me how the accident came about?
②The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club.
③Many people can use a computer，but when it comes to repairing(repair) them，most of them really know nothing.
[小片段填空]
The other day when I was walking in the street，I ①came across Wang Lei，an old friend of mine.She told me a story of her brother's.He once saw a boy who die of a disease related to a dog disease.At that time，he ②came up with the idea to learn medicine and find a cure for the disease.Last month，his experiment for the drug ③came out very successful and it was predicted that the number of people who can benefit from his research will ④come to 1，000，000 a year.
知识要点8 advance n．进步；发展v.前进，进步，促进
(教材P53) There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated.
这两种智慧如果能够完全融合，未来的发展潜力巨大。
[例1] We live in an age of rapid technological advance.
我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
[例2] The troops were finally given the order to advance.
部队终于得到前进的命令。
[造句] 这样可能会改善目前状况。
This could be an advance on the present situation.
[知识拓展]
(1)in advance 预先；提前
in advance of sth. 在……前，超过
on the advance 在上涨
with the advance of 随着……的增加
(2)advance on/towards/upon 朝……前进
(3)advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The cooks arrived in advance of the main party.
②Advanced(advance) technology was brought into the local factory last year.
③Share prices are on the advance steadily these days.
Sentence Pattern
重点句式 The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
(教材P53) The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
之所以困难，是因为该小组的资源有限。
句式分析：本句中的The reason why...was that...表示“……的原因是……”；why引导定语从句修饰the reason；that引导表语从句。
[例1] The reason why we didn't go was that we were notified too late.
我们(之)所以没有去，是因为我们得到通知太晚了。
[例2] There was no very definite reason why she do so.
她为什么这样做没有非常确定的原因。
[造句] 他迟到的原因是他生病了。
The reason why he was late was that he was ill.
[知识拓展]
That's why... 这是……的原因。
It's/That's because... 这是/那是因为……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.
②He got up late.That's why he was late for school.
③He was late for school.It was because he got up late.
教材
高考
1.I admire them because they are so brave and they don't seem to be afraid of danger.
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
2.The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.
(2020·北京卷)At the core of Lancom is a worldclass effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.
3.However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.
(2020·北京卷)While doing research for her new book，she came across a 16thcentury French manuscript(手稿)consisting of nearly 1，000 sets of instructions，covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
4.There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated.
(2020·北京卷)“If we're successful，” their mission statement reads，“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．That's why lots of people in China have healthy white teeth.
2．Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.
3．First，he showed admirable(admire) control of his emotions.
4．Now doctors believe they have cured him of the disease.
5．The soldiers and villagers fought against the flood shoulder to shoulder.
6．Punishment can never be an effective(effect) cure for acute social problems.
7．He has been awarded for several times the MEXT prize of Japan.
8．The city has been built up really fast；it's changed beyond recognition (recognize)．
9．It's encouraging(encourage) to see such a bright and vigorous sight.
10．We'll do our best to catch up with the advanced(advance) world levels.
Ⅱ.短语填空
apart from；come across；fight for；have...in mind；one by one；with the help of
1．We must look into these matters one by one．
2．Collins Harvill had it in mind to publish a short volume about Pasternak.
3．With the help of my classmates and teachers，I have caught up with the others.
4．Apart from my host，I didn't know a single person there.
5．I've never come across such an experience in my time.
6．For nearly two years our Party has fought for peace.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Tu Youyou is famous around the world.She is the first female Chinese scientist 1.to win ( win ) the Nobel Prize.She was born in Zhejiang Province，China，2.on 30 December，1930.She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre.After her 3. graduation (graduate) from university，she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.In 1969，she 4.was chosen (choose) to establish a team to find a cure 5.for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success.Tu Youyou studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in 6.traditional (tradition) Chinese medicine.Then Tu Youyou and her team used modern research methods to study the Chinese herbs one by one.It was not an easy task.They had 7.limited (limit) resources and they did not have enough staff.After hundreds of 8.failed (fail) experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.The medicine they discovered was artemisinin，9.which has now become the world's 10.most effective (effect) drug for fighting malariA．
定语从句
[观察例句]
1．Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.
2．Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.
3．Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.
[归纳用法]
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词不能省略；反之，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the book for which you asked.
(which不能省略)这是你所要的书。
This is the book which you asked for.
(which可省略)这是你所要的书。
Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born？(which不能省略)这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
(which不能省略)他付给小男孩10美元擦10个窗户，大多数窗户至少一年没有清理过了。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
(whom不能省略)昨天你告诉我的那个绅士结果是个小偷。
2．“介词＋which/whom”在定语从句中充当目的、方式状语。
This is the pilot for whom I bought a camerA．
这就是我为他买了一部相机的那个飞行员。
He stood near the window through which he could see the small river.
他站在窗户旁边，由此能看到那条小河。
3．“介词＋which/whom”在含有被动语态的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。
The tiger by which the hare was eaten was still hungry.
吃了野兔的那只老虎还是很饿。
4．“名词/数词＋of＋which/whom”在定语从句中作主语，其中“名词＋of＋which/whom”＝“whose＋名词”。
Yesterday I visited my old friend Li Ping，the children of whom(＝whose children) are abroad.
昨天我去拜访了我的老朋友李平，他的孩子在国外。
This is the house，the windows of which(＝whose windows) face south.
这就是那栋房子，它的窗户朝南。
5．“介词＋whose”作定语，修饰其后的名词。
The boss in whose company my father worked was a kind person.
我父亲工作过的那个公司的老板是个和善的人。
6．介词的选取。
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay for sth.)
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help)
(2)根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。
He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.
他带来了让老板非常满意的结果。(be satisfied with)
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?
你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？(on the day)
Do you still remember the days during which we worked together?
你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？(during the days)
(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
Ⅰ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空
1．The clever boy made a hole in the wall，through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
2．The age at which children can go to school is seven.
3．The dog，of which she used to be afraid，is her favourite animal now.
4．The speed at which Tom drives his car is too high.
5．Tom is the boy with whom I went to the cinema together.
6．The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.
7．Do you like the book from which she learned a lot?
8．He bought a nice computer，of which the price is not so high as expected.
9．On the second floor there are two rooms，the larger of which is used as a meeting room.
10．Soon children in the camp had many new friends，with whom they shared food，stories and projects.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
There was a time when I was tired 1.of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason 2.for which my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club 3.where I met many strangers.I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide 4.whose teacher was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face，from 5.whom I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.that/which we did.My father and the guide 7.who/that encouraged me to fall in love with English should 8.be appreciated(appreciate)．Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 9.which I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages，through 10.which I can memorize a large number of new words.As our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.”
Unit 6 The Admirable
There are pioneer souls that blaze their paths where highways never ran.
—Sam Foss
在那没有大道可通的地方，先驱者开辟了他们的道路。 ——山姆·福斯
We always like those who admire us；we do not always like those whom we admire. —duc de La Rochefoucauld
我们总是喜欢崇敬我们的人，但并不总是喜欢我们所崇敬的人。
——德·拉·罗什福科尔
Many of life's failures are experienced by people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. —Thomas Edison
很多人失败，是因为他们不知道他们放弃时，距离成功是多么的近。
——托马斯·爱迪生
We do not admire the man of timid(胆怯的) peace.We admire the man who embodies victorious efforts，the man who never wrongs his neighbor，who is prompt to help a friend，but who has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stern strife of actual life.It is hard to fail，but it is worse never to have tried to succeed.In this life we get nothing save by effort.Freedom from effort in the present merely means that there has been effort stored up in the past.A man can be free from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose.
Qian Xuesen was a rocket scientist.He was famous all over the world as the father of China's space technology.He was born in 1911.On October 31，2009，he passed away peacefully.
Qian Xuesen graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934.In 1935，he went to the United States for further study.In 1950，he heard that the new China had been founded，he began to try his best to go back to his motherland.Since 1958，Dr.Qian had devoted all his life to China's aerospace science and technology and made great achievements.He set up China's first missileandrocketresearch institute (导弹、火箭研究机构)，which later helped start China's space program.He retired in 1991，the year before China's manned space program (载人航天计划) was started.His research formed the basis (基础) of the Long March CZ2F rocket that carried astronaut Yang Liwei into orbit in 2003.
[探究发现]
1．Find out how old when Qian Xuesen passed away?
98．
2．Find out when China started manned space program.
In 1992．
SectionⅠ Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.award A．n.物力；资源
( )2.honour B．n.知识，学问；智慧
( )3.establish C．vt.授予；给予
( )4.resource D．vt.建立，设立
( )5.wisdom E．n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB
B．短语匹配
( )1.with the help of A．努力争取，为……斗争
( )2.come across B．除……之外
( )3.fight for... C．心里已有……
( )4.have...in mind D．在……帮助下
( )5.apart from... E．偶遇
[答案] 1－5 DEACB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．committee n. 委员会
2．academy n. 研究院；学会
3．million n. 百万
4．literature n. 文献资料；著述；文学
5．staff n. 全体职员，员工
6．eventually adv. 最终；终于
7．despite prep. 尽管；虽然
8．potential n. 潜力；可能性
9．integrate vi.& vt. (使)结合；(使)成为一体
10．apart adj.&adv. 分开；散开
Ⅰ.语境填词
resource；eventually；establish；committee；wisdom；staff；despite；honour；integrate；potential
1．The committee was established in 1912.
2．These programs can be integrated with your existing software.
3．My reasons were stated in writing and circulated to all committee members.
4．They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her.
5．He was eventually diagnosed as suffering from terminal cancer.
6．All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential．
7．Despite applying for hundreds of jobs，he is still out of work.
8．He gave an example of bravery and wisdom．
9．We must make the most efficient use of the available financial resources．
10．The outpatient program has a staff of six people.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Cooperative activity is essential to effective(effect)community work.
2．He received the award in recognition(recognize) of his success over the past year.
3．Her charity work is an inspiration(inspire) to us all.
4．We are doing our best with the limited(limit) resources available.
5．He was voted the most promising(promise) new actor for his part in the movie.
6．The course is suitable for beginners and advanced(advance) students.
1．She began to talk about the lifesaving drug，artemisinin，which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s.
她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。
2．Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
后来，她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医，从他们那里她获得了传统医学的深层理解。
3．In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.
1969年，屠呦呦被选中成立了一个小组，以找到治愈疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。
4．Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始运用现代研究方法，对这些中草药逐一进行研究。
5．Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned.
尽管屠呦呦对名气不感兴趣，但她已成为一位因工作成就而享誉国际的科学家。
词语助读
①lifesaving adj.救命的
②artemisinin青蒿素是最有效的抗疟特效药，尤其是对于脑型疟疾和抗氯喹疟疾，具有速效和低毒的特点，曾被世界卫生组织称之“世界上唯一有效的疟疾治疗药物”。
③with the help of... 在……帮助下
④in the 1970s在20世纪70年代
⑤award vt.授予；给予
⑥discovery n．发现
discover v．发现
⑦artemisinin n．青蒿素
⑧recognition n．表彰；赞扬
recognize v．认出，辨认出；承认
⑨academy n．研究院；学会
⑩establish vt.建立；设立
⑪cure n．治疗；治愈 vt.治愈；治好
cure sb.of...治愈某人某种疾病
⑫malaria n．疟疾
⑬chemical n．化学品；adj.化学的
⑭herb n．药草；草本植物
⑮literature n．文献资料；著述；文学
⑯recipe n．处方；秘诀
⑰antimalarial 抗疟疾的
⑱one by one逐个地；依次地
⑲limited adj.有限的
⑳resource n．物力；资源
staff n．全体职员，员工
laboratory n．实验室
quality n．质量
eventually adv.最终；终于
come across偶然遇见
promising adj.大有希望的
volunteer v．自愿做
fame n．名声；名誉
internationally adv.国际地
despite prep.尽管；虽然
according to据(……听说；依照)
wisdom n．知识，学问；智慧
potential n．潜力；可能性
integrate vt.&vi.(使)结合；(使)成为一体
原文呈现
A MEDICAL PIONEER
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015，an 84yearold Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage.She began to talk about the lifesaving①drug，artemisinin②，which she had discovered with the help of③her team in the 1970s④.[1]The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded⑤a Nobel Prize for her work.A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that“the discovery⑥of artemisinin⑦has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition⑧and encouragement for all scientists in ChinA．”[2]
[1]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰artemisinin。
[2]When thanking中间省略了she was。
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province，China，on 30 December，1930.She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre.After graduation，she became a member of China Academy⑨ of Chinese Medical Sciences.Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establisha team to find a cure⑪for malaria⑫—a disease that killed millions of people every year.Across the world，scientists had been trying to find a cure.They tested more than 240，000 chemicals⑬with no success.However，Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs⑭might hold the secret.She studied ancient Chinese medical literature⑮and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine.She researched hundreds of traditional recipes⑯connected to antimalarial⑰cures.Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one⑱.
This was not an easy task.The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited⑲resources⑳.[3]They did not have enough staff，and the laboratoryin which they worked had poor air quality.However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventuallycame acrossa promisingchemical.It worked well in experiments on animals，but they had to know if it was safe for humans.Tu Youyou bravely volunteeredto be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her.The test was a success.The medicine they discovered，artemisinin，has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malariA．
[3]The reason why...is that...表示“……的原因是……”。
Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned.In 2019，she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th Century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing.Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China，her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds，saving millions of lives.[4]Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age.According to Tu Youyou，“From our research experience in discovering artemisinin，we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine.There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated，”she said.
[4]that引导的句子是the fact的同位语。
译文参考
医学先行者
在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖演讲上，一位84岁的中国女士缓缓走上舞台。她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说：“青蒿素的发现导致了新药的开发，这些新药拯救了数百万人的生命。”屠呦呦在感谢委员会给予的荣誉时说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
屠呦呦1930年12月30日出生于中国浙江省。她在北京大学健康科学中心学习医学。毕业后，她成为中国中医医学研究院的一员。后来，她在这一领域的专家那里学习了两年半的中医，从他们那里，她获得了对传统医学的深层理解。
1969年，屠呦呦被选中成立了一个小组，以找到治愈疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年夺去数百万人的生命。在世界各地，科学家们一直在试图找到一种治疗方法。他们已测试了24万多种化学物质，但没有成功。然而，屠呦呦却有一个想法，那就是中草药可能会有秘诀。她研究了古代中医的医学文献，拜访了传统中医界的专家。她研究了数百种与抗疟疾疗法相关的传统处方。随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始运用现代研究方法，对这些中草药逐一进行研究。
这不是一项容易的工作。之所以困难，是因为该小组的资源有限。他们没有足够的人手，他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种很有希望的化学物质。它在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。当他们准备开始试验时，屠呦呦自告奋勇成为第一个试验者，接着，她团队中的其他人也进行了临床试验。这次试验很成功。他们发现的青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物。
尽管屠呦呦对名气不感兴趣，但她已成为一位因工作成就而享誉国际的科学家。与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和艾阿兰·马西森图灵一起，在2019年，她被英国广播公司选为20世纪科学界最有影响力的人物之一。屠呦呦闻名于世是因其在中国科学的困难时期勇敢地选择成为一名科学家，且运用古老智慧和新方法实现了自己的目标，以及她的工作成就沟通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命。尽管她年纪大了，但她今天仍继续进行研究。屠呦呦说：“从我们发现青蒿素的研究经验中，我们学到了中西医的智慧。这两种智慧如果能够完全融合，未来的发展潜力巨大。”
速读P52－P53教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin on her own.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Tu Youyou once studied at Peking University.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin in 1969.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin using modern research methods about Chinese herbs.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The working condition of Tu Youyou and her team was difficult.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．that killed millions of people every year
B．why the task was difficult
C．which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s
D．in which they worked had poor air quality
E．from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices
1．Tu Youyou began to talk about the lifesaving drug，artemisinin，________．
2．Tu Youyou studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field ________．
3．In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria－a disease ________．
4．The reason ________ was that the team had limited resources.
5．They did not have enough staff，and the laboratory ________．
[答案] 1－5 CEABD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Tu Youyou
Her achievements
The first Chinese female scientist 1.to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
Personal information
Born in Zhejiang Province，on 2.30 December，1930；
Studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre；
Became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences after 3.graduation.
Her missions and
research
Chosen to establish a team to find 4.a cure for malaria in 1969；
Researched hundreds of
5．traditional recipes connected to antimalarial cures；
Using 6.modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
The challenges
The team had 7.limited resources．They didn't have enough staff，and the laboratory where they worked had poor 8.air quality.
Her attitude towards
fame
She is 9.not interested in fame，but she has become a scientist whose work is 10.internationally renowned.
细读P52－P53教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
( )1.ParA．1 A．Tu Youyou's missions and research.
( )2.ParA．2 B．Tu Youyou's attitude towards fame.
( )3.ParA．3 C．Tu Youyou's achievements.
( )4.ParA．4 D．Tu Youyou's personal information.
( )5.ParA．5 E．The challenges Tu Youyou and her team faced.
[答案] 1－5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．When did Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin?
A．In 2015. B．In the 1970s.
C．In 1930. D．In 1969.
2．What did Tu Youyou learn from the experts in Chinese medicine?
A．She learned the real meaning of traditional medicine.
B．The inspiration for scientists.
C．The importance of artemisinin.
D．How to discover a new drug.
3．What was the goal of the team established by Tu Youyou?
A．To find the reason of malariA．
B．To test different chemicals.
C．To find the cure for malariA．
D．To find traditional recipes.
4．Which is not the difficulty which Tu Youyou and her team met with?
A．Air quality of their lab was poor.
B．There were not enough staff.
C．They had limited resources.
D．They met with hundreds of failed experiments.
5．What can we learn from the text?
A．Tu Youyou is not interested in fame.
B．Tu Youyou doesn't continue to conduct research today because of her age.
C．Tu Youyou was forced to be the first human subject.
D．Tu Youyou used traditional research methods to study the Chinese herbs.
[答案] 1－4 BACDA
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读教材课文中含有描述困难或困境的语句
1．They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success.
2．They did not have enough staff，and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.
3．It worked well in experiments on animals，but they had to know if it was safe for humans.
B．判断下列句子是否为描述困难或困境的语句
1．She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to antimalarial cures.(是)
2．However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.(不是)
3．Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her.(不是)
1．admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj.极其出色的；令人钦佩的→admiration n．钦佩；赞赏；欣赏
2．generous adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的→generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
3．effect n．效应；影响；结果→effective adj.有效的；产生预期效果的→effectively adv.有效地；实际上
4．recognize vt.认出；辨认出；承认→recognition n．表彰；赞扬；承认；认可；赏识；认出
5．limit n．限度；极限；界限 vt.限定→limited adj.有限的→limiting adj.局限的，限制性的
6．promise vt.承诺；答应；许诺n.诺言；许诺→promising adj.大有希望的
7．advance n．发展；进步 vt.前进，行进；(知识、技术等)发展，进步；促进→advanced adj.高级的；先进的
recognition n．表彰；赞扬；承认；认可；赏识；认出
①He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition. 认出
②There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform. 认可
③He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year. 赏识
Words and Phrases
知识要点1 admire vt.钦佩；欣赏；羡慕
(教材P50) I admire them because they are so brave...
我钦佩他们，因为他们很勇敢……
[例1] You have to admire the way he handled the situation.
你不得不佩服他处理这个局面的手段。
[例2] He stood back to admire his handiwork.
他退后几步欣赏他的手工艺品。
[造句] 我们特意驻足欣赏风景。
We took time to stop and admire the view.
[知识拓展]
(1) admire...for (doing)... 因(做)某事而钦佩某人
(2)admiration n. 赞美；钦佩；欣赏
express/have admiration for... (表达)钦佩/羡慕……
with admiration 钦佩地
(3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极佳的
admiring adj. 钦佩的；赞美的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I don't agree with her，but I admire her for sticking to her principles.
②I have great admiration(admire) for her as a writer.
③Her dedication to her work was admirable(admire)．
[小片段填空]
I ①admired him ②for his ③admirable behavior before danger.So I wrote a letter to ④express admiration for him.
知识要点2 cure v．治愈；治好(疾病)n.治法
(教材P50) cure diseases治愈疾病
[例1] Will you be able to cure him，Doctor?
医生，你能把他治好吗？
[例2] TB is a serious illness，but it can be cured.
肺结核虽然是一种严重的疾病，但可治愈。
[造句] 这种病尚没有确切的治愈方法，但可以医治。
There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.
[知识拓展]
cure sb.of 治愈某人的……
a cure for (疾病的)治疗方法
[即学即练] 用适当的介词填空/完成句子
①Although this medicine can cure you of your illness，it has a bad effect on you.
②Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS will be found.
③I can give you some medicine to cure your headache(治疗你的头疼)．
知识要点3 fight for...努力争取，为……斗争
(教材P50) fight for justice
为正义而战
[例1] We are prepared to fight for every inch of territory.
我们时刻准备着为每一寸领土而战。
[例2] Every day I have to fight for the cause of increasing in pay.
每天我都必须为增加工资而卖力工作。
[造句] 他宣称要为他的权利而斗争。
He declared that he would fight for his right.
[知识拓展]
fight against 为反对……而斗争
fight with 与……并肩作战；与……斗争
fight about 争论……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He fought against the disease for a long time.
②You even fought with your friend to protect me.
知识要点4 effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的
(教材P52) The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.
含青蒿素的药物已证明是最有效的治疗方法。
[例1] Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.
阿司匹林药片治疗方法简便，效果却非常显著。
[例2] He has now taken effective control of the country.
他目前已有效地控制了这个国家。
[造句] 多亏近来的研究才有了有效的疗法。
Thanks to recent research，effective treatments are available.
[知识拓展]
(1)efficiency n． 效率；功效
(2)effect n. 效果；功效；因果
have an effect on 对……产生影响
come into effect 开始实施
in effect 实际上；事实上
take effect 生效；奏效
of no effect 无效的；无用的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He managed the factory with unobtrusive efficiency(effective)．
②The new law will come into effect next month.
③In effect，the state decides how many students will go to university.
[小片段填空]
The new regulation will ①come into effect on January 1，2022，which will ②have an effect on traffic.People think it is an ③effective way to stop drunk driving.
知识要点5 award vt.授予；给予n.奖；奖品
(教材P52) The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
[例1] He was nominated for the best actor award.
他获得最佳演员奖提名。
[例2] The first prize was awarded to the youngest
competitor.
一等奖授给了最年轻的比赛者。
[造句] 他被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics.
[知识拓展]
win/receive/get an award for... 因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
award sb.for sth. 因某事而奖励某人
award sb.sth./award sth.to sb. 授予某人某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He received an award for bravery from the police service.
②He awarded the first prize to the winner.
③The soldier was awarded for his great courage in the battle.
知识要点6 recognition n．表彰；赞扬；认出；认可
(教材P53) This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in ChinA．
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。
[例1] At last，her father's work has received popular recognition.
最后，她父亲的工作得到了大众的认可。
[例2] His achievement has won general recognition.
他的成就为大家所公认。
[造句] 有些艺术家死后才得到世人赏识。
Some artists did not gain recognition until after death.
[知识拓展]
(1) out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
(2)recognize vt. 辨认出；承认
recognize sb./sth.by/from... 通过……认出某人/某物
recognize...as/to be... 认为……是……
It is recognized that... 人们公认……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's universally recognized as an authority on Russian affairs.
②The school has been expanded beyond recognition.
③It is recognized(recognize) that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
知识要点7 come across偶然遇见
(教材P53)However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.
然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种很有希望的化学物质。
[例1] The other day I came across a friend in the street.
日前我在街上遇见了一个朋友。
[例2] I was taking a walk when I came across my aunt.
我正在散步时遇到了我的婶婶。
[造句] 昨天晚上我碰巧遇见了我的一个老同学。
I came across one of my old classmates last night.
[知识拓展]
come about 发生，产生
come up 出现；走近
come up with 追上；想出，找出(答案)
come to 达到；总共，总计；谈到
come out 出来，出现；出版；结局
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Can you tell me how the accident came about?
②The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club.
③Many people can use a computer，but when it comes to repairing(repair) them，most of them really know nothing.
[小片段填空]
The other day when I was walking in the street，I ①came across Wang Lei，an old friend of mine.She told me a story of her brother's.He once saw a boy who die of a disease related to a dog disease.At that time，he ②came up with the idea to learn medicine and find a cure for the disease.Last month，his experiment for the drug ③came out very successful and it was predicted that the number of people who can benefit from his research will ④come to 1，000，000 a year.
知识要点8 advance n．进步；发展v.前进，进步，促进
(教材P53) There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated.
这两种智慧如果能够完全融合，未来的发展潜力巨大。
[例1] We live in an age of rapid technological advance.
我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
[例2] The troops were finally given the order to advance.
部队终于得到前进的命令。
[造句] 这样可能会改善目前状况。
This could be an advance on the present situation.
[知识拓展]
(1)in advance 预先；提前
in advance of sth. 在……前，超过
on the advance 在上涨
with the advance of 随着……的增加
(2)advance on/towards/upon 朝……前进
(3)advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The cooks arrived in advance of the main party.
②Advanced(advance) technology was brought into the local factory last year.
③Share prices are on the advance steadily these days.
Sentence Pattern
重点句式 The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
(教材P53) The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
之所以困难，是因为该小组的资源有限。
句式分析：本句中的The reason why...was that...表示“……的原因是……”；why引导定语从句修饰the reason；that引导表语从句。
[例1] The reason why we didn't go was that we were notified too late.
我们(之)所以没有去，是因为我们得到通知太晚了。
[例2] There was no very definite reason why she do so.
她为什么这样做没有非常确定的原因。
[造句] 他迟到的原因是他生病了。
The reason why he was late was that he was ill.
[知识拓展]
That's why... 这是……的原因。
It's/That's because... 这是/那是因为……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.
②He got up late.That's why he was late for school.
③He was late for school.It was because he got up late.
教材
高考
1.I admire them because they are so brave and they don't seem to be afraid of danger.
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
2.The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.
(2020·北京卷)At the core of Lancom is a worldclass effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.
3.However，after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.
(2020·北京卷)While doing research for her new book，she came across a 16thcentury French manuscript(手稿)consisting of nearly 1，000 sets of instructions，covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
4.There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated.
(2020·北京卷)“If we're successful，” their mission statement reads，“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．That's why lots of people in China have healthy white teeth.
2．Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.
3．First，he showed admirable(admire) control of his emotions.
4．Now doctors believe they have cured him of the disease.
5．The soldiers and villagers fought against the flood shoulder to shoulder.
6．Punishment can never be an effective(effect) cure for acute social problems.
7．He has been awarded for several times the MEXT prize of Japan.
8．The city has been built up really fast；it's changed beyond recognition (recognize)．
9．It's encouraging(encourage) to see such a bright and vigorous sight.
10．We'll do our best to catch up with the advanced(advance) world levels.
Ⅱ.短语填空
apart from；come across；fight for；have...in mind；one by one；with the help of
1．We must look into these matters one by one．
2．Collins Harvill had it in mind to publish a short volume about Pasternak.
3．With the help of my classmates and teachers，I have caught up with the others.
4．Apart from my host，I didn't know a single person there.
5．I've never come across such an experience in my time.
6．For nearly two years our Party has fought for peace.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Tu Youyou is famous around the world.She is the first female Chinese scientist 1.to win ( win ) the Nobel Prize.She was born in Zhejiang Province，China，2.on 30 December，1930.She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre.After her 3. graduation (graduate) from university，she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.In 1969，she 4.was chosen (choose) to establish a team to find a cure 5.for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year.They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success.Tu Youyou studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in 6.traditional (tradition) Chinese medicine.Then Tu Youyou and her team used modern research methods to study the Chinese herbs one by one.It was not an easy task.They had 7.limited (limit) resources and they did not have enough staff.After hundreds of 8.failed (fail) experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.The medicine they discovered was artemisinin，9.which has now become the world's 10.most effective (effect) drug for fighting malariA．
定语从句
[观察例句]
1．Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.
2．Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.
3．Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.
[归纳用法]
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词不能省略；反之，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the book for which you asked.
(which不能省略)这是你所要的书。
This is the book which you asked for.
(which可省略)这是你所要的书。
Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born？(which不能省略)这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
(which不能省略)他付给小男孩10美元擦10个窗户，大多数窗户至少一年没有清理过了。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
(whom不能省略)昨天你告诉我的那个绅士结果是个小偷。
2．“介词＋which/whom”在定语从句中充当目的、方式状语。
This is the pilot for whom I bought a camerA．
这就是我为他买了一部相机的那个飞行员。
He stood near the window through which he could see the small river.
他站在窗户旁边，由此能看到那条小河。
3．“介词＋which/whom”在含有被动语态的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。
The tiger by which the hare was eaten was still hungry.
吃了野兔的那只老虎还是很饿。
4．“名词/数词＋of＋which/whom”在定语从句中作主语，其中“名词＋of＋which/whom”＝“whose＋名词”。
Yesterday I visited my old friend Li Ping，the children of whom(＝whose children) are abroad.
昨天我去拜访了我的老朋友李平，他的孩子在国外。
This is the house，the windows of which(＝whose windows) face south.
这就是那栋房子，它的窗户朝南。
5．“介词＋whose”作定语，修饰其后的名词。
The boss in whose company my father worked was a kind person.
我父亲工作过的那个公司的老板是个和善的人。
6．介词的选取。
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay for sth.)
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help)
(2)根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。
He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.
他带来了让老板非常满意的结果。(be satisfied with)
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?
你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？(on the day)
Do you still remember the days during which we worked together?
你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？(during the days)
(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
Ⅰ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空
1．The clever boy made a hole in the wall，through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
2．The age at which children can go to school is seven.
3．The dog，of which she used to be afraid，is her favourite animal now.
4．The speed at which Tom drives his car is too high.
5．Tom is the boy with whom I went to the cinema together.
6．The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.
7．Do you like the book from which she learned a lot?
8．He bought a nice computer，of which the price is not so high as expected.
9．On the second floor there are two rooms，the larger of which is used as a meeting room.
10．Soon children in the camp had many new friends，with whom they shared food，stories and projects.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
There was a time when I was tired 1.of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason 2.for which my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club 3.where I met many strangers.I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide 4.whose teacher was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face，from 5.whom I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.that/which we did.My father and the guide 7.who/that encouraged me to fall in love with English should 8.be appreciated(appreciate)．Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 9.which I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages，through 10.which I can memorize a large number of new words.As our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.”
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