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2021中考英语真题分类汇编 中考改革下的全国命题新趋势
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这是一份2021中考英语真题分类汇编 中考改革下的全国命题新趋势，共22页。
中考改革下的全国命题新趋势
类型1 开放性试题
编者按：根据国家考改文件《教育部关于加强初中学业水平考试命题工作的意见》中提到“……减少机械记忆试题和客观性试题的比例，提高探究性、开放性、综合性试题的比例，积极探索跨学科命题……”的要求，并分析全国中考真题，涉及开放性设问的地市有：上海、山西、重庆、江苏等地市，由此可知，开放性试题是以后全国中考命题的新趋势，考生应多加关注。
Passage 1(2020山西)
选材理由
这篇文章以非连续性文本为载体，设问方式灵活多变，1题考查考生的翻译能力，2、4题考查考生的逻辑推理能力，3题考查考生的归纳总结能力，5、6题均涉及开放性试题，要求考生结合自身生活进行思考，发表个人观点和看法。所有试题综合考查了考生的阅读分析、比较探究、提取信息的能力。
When learning is mentioned, regular school can be the first place which you can think of. However, the Internet is changing the way students learn. Many learning apps provide rich courses for the learners to meet their levels of knowledge and interests. TED is one of them. With the Internet, learners are allowed to learn at home or anywhere else.
◆Which do you prefer: Regular School or Home School?
This free app is a great tool for those who are interested in public speaking. It provides more than 700 talks from the world's most famous thinkers, leaders and artists. It could be the first choice for many learners to develop their speaking skills.
◆What can you do to improve your online studies?
To successfully learn online, you can follow these steps. First of all, you should always keep in mind what you hope to complete by the end of it. Then, a study plan is needed. A good study plan includes a study calendar and a todo list. Next, when having a class, be active to think about what the teacher says and express yourself. After class, remember to review what you have learned by reading your notes or making a mind map.
With the coming of 5G, the cloud classroom might not be far away. However, whatever advantages online learning has, it just offers a way of learning. It doesn't take the place of any of the ways. There must be many more ways of learning in the future. Nobody knows what will happen.
1. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the passage, why do people choose TED?
________________________________________________________________________
3. What's the common advantage of regular school according to the students?
________________________________________________________________________
4. What can we infer(推断) about Michael from his words?
________________________________________________________________________
5. Please complete the second step in the chart(图表). What else can you do to improve your online studies?
________________________________________________________________________
6. What do you think the way of learning in the future will be like? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2(2020衡阳)
选材理由
这篇文章结合最新的素材和热点，除考查考生对文章细节的把控之外，还在最后一题考查考生对这一事件的看法。值得注意的是，在回答部分具有明显价值观倾向的试题时，所回答的内容应体现正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。就本题而言，答案一定要积极向上。
There are plenty of myths(神话) to explain how the world came to have a moon to bring light to the night time. But now there is a plan for a manmade moon. It will give us much more light than the
natural Moon.
China is preparing to put a manmade moon in the sky above Chengdu by the end
of 2020. It will reflect sunlight back onto the Earth. If it succeeds, three more such objects
will be sent out in 2022, according to Wu Chunfeng, a space scientist. Wu said it would
be similar to how we get moonlight, but he predicted(预言) that the manmade moon would have eight times the brightness of the real one. This is because the object will be about 500 kilometers above the Earth. That will make it much closer to us than the Moon, which is over 380, 000 kilometers away, Wu added.
If the plan works, the manmade moon will save a lot of power. Scientists predicted that Chengdu could save around 1.2 billion yuan in electricity every year if a new moon lit up 50 square kilometers of the city. And in 2022, four manmade moons can take turns reflecting sunlight as they will not always be in the best position relative to the Sun. Together, they can give light to an area of up to 6，400 square kilometers on the Earth for 24 hours. That means its brightness will be seen in most areas in China, so reducing the need for streetlights.
1. Which country is preparing to put a manmade moon in the sky above Chengdu by the end of 2020?
________________________________________________________________________
2. What does Wu Chunfeng do?
________________________________________________________________________
3. How far is it from the Moon to the Earth?
________________________________________________________________________
4. Will it reduce the need for streetlights if the plan of manmade moons succeeds?
________________________________________________________________________
5. What do you think of this plan?
________________________________________________________________________
类型2 创新性试题
编者按：英语课程标准强调从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，发展学生的综合语言运用能力。纵观全国各地中考试题，不少省市的试卷中出现了一些联系学生生活实际，反映社会生活热点，能培养学生发散性思维和创新意识的创新型试题，令人耳目一新。这也是近年来中考命题的新趋势，考生应多加关注。
Passage 1(2020上海)
选材理由
该篇素材以广告图表为载体，设题方式多样，不仅考查考生对文章细节的理解，还考查考生的推理判断能力，最后一题更具创新性，在广告图表的素材中考查句子还原题，让考生出其不意，对考生的能力提出了更高的要求。所以在平时的训练中，也要不拘泥于一般的考查形式。
1. The Meriden Centre offers its new courses on ________ this term.
A. business skills B. modern world history
C. spoken English D. the Chinese language
2. The underlined word “skyrocketing” means “________”.
A. rising quickly B. returning suddenly
C. dropping slowly D. disappearing completely
3. We can learn from the information in the box that ________.
A. the courses are designed for Chinese kids
B. China is an important partner in the world
C. it's difficult to get a seat in a Chinese restaurant
D. English is the No. 1 spoken language in the world
4. The advantage of “selffit course” is that you may choose your own ________.
A. class size B. speed to learn
C. language teacher D. place to park
5. Ben wishes to take an online course on Tuesdays. How much does he need to pay each term?
A. $500. B. $650. C. $350. D. $400.
6. Which of the following is the best to be filled in the blank?
A.
Turn left into Garden Road and drive toward north
B.
For more information
Contact Angela at 860－343－5807
C.
D. Guest speaker: Ann Bella
Room 300 2：00 p．m. July 1
Passage 2(2020陕西)
选材理由
该篇文体打破以往的说明类文体，首次以议论文形式引导青少年关注自己内心的成长，在帮助他人的过程中寻找自己的人生价值。另外，在设题方式上，1题考查作者的开篇方式，设问新颖，3、4题考查了考生的推理判断能力，5题考查了考生对文章的整体把控能力，知道作者是怎样一步步论证自己的观点的。题题经典，考查学生对语言的综合理解和运用能力。
Let's say you are taking a walk along the road and you happen to see one or two waste bottles lying on the grass beside the road. What would you do?
You may have different choices. Firstly, you can leave the bottles there as they are. It was not you who threw them away. Why should you do something about it? This is quite OK. Secondly, you can pick them up and throw them into a dustbin (垃圾箱). By doing this, you have walked a step further to help make our home clean. This action is a better choice. Thirdly, you might want to pick them up and give them to an old man or woman who collects waste for a living. If this is your choice, you have walked even further. You're not only thinking about doing something for the environment, you're also developing yourself to be a person who would think of others and help them.
As for young kids, they may always have such a question：“When do I grow up？” Yes! When does a child grow up? And how can a kid know he or she has grown up? These are interesting questions. As for us, fifteenyearolds, who are finishing middle school, we're no longer younger children. We should know whether or not we have grown up. When we start to have a sense of offering a helping hand for a cleaner city and greener world, and when we have a loving heart to think more of others than of ourselves and are ready to help them, we can say that we have grown up.
Remember：If we help others, others will help us. If we do our best for nature, nature will offer its best to us in return!
1. How did the writer start the passage?
The writer did it by giving a(n)________________ of daily life.
2. How many choices are there in the second paragraph?
There are ________________ choices.
3. What does it mean when you pick up the waste bottles and give them to someone else?
It is a sign that you're a ________________ person that has grown up.
4. What does the underlined word “home”refer to in the second paragraph?
It refers to the “________________” we live in.
5. How did the writer support the main idea in the passage?
The writer used ________________ as an example to support the idea.
Passage 3(2020安徽)
选材理由
该篇以一个小岛上“吹口哨”的文化为载体，让我们了解了一些特殊的外国文化现象。在设题方式上，2、3题需对文章中的相关细节进行转换才能得出答案；4题考生需结合最后一段内容进行推理判断，对文章接下来要写的内容进行猜测。
The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling(吹口哨) from far away. For facetoface conversations, they speak Spanish. But when they need to speak over a distance(距离), they whistle.
La Gomera is a small island. This island is almost shaped like a circle. It is very mountainous. Walking from one place to another may be a slow and difficult job. That is why whistling is so useful to the local people. A message can easily be whistled over a couple of miles, while to travel that same distance on foot might take an hour.
A good whistler can be heard and understood five miles away. His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless. It is said that the record is about nine miles. Anyone who has heard a top whistler will agree that this record is quite possible.
A whistle travels farther than a shout, and is easier to understand. When a person shouts, he cannot pronounce his words well. But if a whistle is heard, it will be heard clearly.
Whistling is popular at La Gomera, and many methods of whistling are used ...
1. How do people of La Gomera speak over a distance?
A. By shouting. B. By whistling. C. By travelling. D. By recording.
2. What can we know about La Gomera from Paragraph 2?
A. It is very mountainous. B. It lies between two circles.
C. It is easy to travel there. D. It is hard to find a job there.
3. What helps a whistle travel farther?
A. A windless day. B. A long distance.
C. A useful message. D. A clear pronunciation.
4. What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?
A. Disadvantages of whistling. B. Stories of a top whistler.
C. Different methods of whistling. D. Examples of good whistlers.
Passage 4(2020重庆B卷)
选材理由
该篇以垃圾分类的热点素材为载体，考查考生细节理解、猜测词义以及综合把握文章的能力，1题考查作者的开篇方式，设问新颖，4题考查文章的结构，针对考生对文章的整体把控能力提出了更高的要求，需对文章的谋篇布局做到心中有数。
In China, each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury(埋) it. On the other hand, we receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way?
Waste pollutes the environment, harms people's health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can't make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代人)．
China is getting really serious about waste now.
We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.
The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting(分类). Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting systems. More will join them soon. As President Xi Jinping said during a visit to Shanghai, waste sorting is a new fashion (时尚). More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.
1. The writer starts the passage by ________．
A. telling stories B. comparing numbers
C. raising questions D. giving suggestions
2. The underlined word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 means “________” in Chinese.
A. 可享受的 B. 可持续的 C. 可借鉴的 D. 可复活的
3. From the passage, we know that ________．
A. waste does harm only to the environment
B. those who break the law may not be punished
C. China stops getting waste from developed countries
D. waste sorting starts to become popular in China
4. The structure of the passage may be ________．
(①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2 ③＝Paragraph 3 ④＝Paragraph 4
⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6)
Passage 5(2020济宁)
选材理由
该篇介绍了三种濒临灭绝的花，也是在给我们敲响警钟，让我们保护环境，善待大自然，从而达到生态平衡。在设问方式上，1题考查对句意的理解，3题采用图片和文字结合的形式来考查对文章细节的理解，4题给文章起标题，考查归纳总结的能力。
When_spring_is_in_the_air,_everyone looks forward to seeing the beautiful and eyepleasing flowers and plants. The following flowers and plants might not be so eyepleasing, but are certainly eyecatching!
Lady's Slipper
This flower is amazing. It looks like a shoe. To be more exact, it is like a lady's slipper. That's how it gets its name. Although it is was once found across Europe and the UK, now Lancashire in England is the only place where this plant can be found. The flower was so unusual that people picked almost all of them. Besides, it is one of the most difficult plants to grow. Fortunately, strict rules have been made to protect this endangered plant.
Hot Lips
When you see a plant like this, don't get shocked! No, they are not a woman's lips (唇)! You can find these plants in countries with tropical(热带的)rain forests, such as Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama. Because of the cutting down of trees, these unusual plants have become endangered.
Black Bat Flower
The black bat flower is an unusual flower that grows in the wild and tropical forests of Yunnan Province in China. It is famous for its batshaped black flowers. It needs special environmental conditions to grow. This is the reason why it is an endangered plant.
You can consider yourself lucky if you actually see one of the plants mentioned above. After all, they are all endangered and disappearing from the earth. Hopefully, there are other unusual flowers that are left and undiscovered, because the world is full of surprising things!
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. When spring comes. B. When spring flies.
C. When spring is gone. D. When the air is fresh.
2. How many reasons are listed for the lady's slipper to become endangered?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
3. Which of the following is a correct match of the flowers with the names?
A. Lady's slipper(a), Hot lips(b), Black bat flower(c)
B. Lady's slipper(c), Hot lips(a), Black bat flower(b)
C. Lady's slipper(d), Hot lips(c), Black bat flower(b)
D. Lady's slipper(d), Hot lips(c), Black bat flower(a)
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Get to know these eyepleasing flowers
B. Three kinds of unusual tropical flowers
C. The world is full of surprising things
D. How to protect the endangered plants
Passage 6(2020宁波)
选材理由
该篇为5个小语段，均是关于同一个主题“鞋”的不同内容，且5个文本话题多样，有说明介绍、咨询建议等；该题是选择每段的写作结构图，设题形式新颖，考查了考生对文章结构的把握能力。
相似的话题常有不同的写作结构，请你阅读以下材料，将所给的写作结构图(A－E)与相应的阅读材料(1－5)进行匹配。
A
B
C
D
E
1. Air Jordan(飞人乔丹) shoes are very popular and expensive. The first Air Jordan shoes were made in 1985. The next Air Jordan shoes came out in 1986. These shoes were special for basketball shoes, because they were made in Italy in 1990, which gave them a luxury(奢侈的) feel. Two years later, the third Air Jordan shoes were produced.
2. If you want to make your shoes look new, first, get out a toothbrush and some cleaning oil. Second, spray(喷) the oil on the shoes. Third, wash the dirt off with the toothbrush repeatedly while you are scrubbing(擦). Finally, scrub the shoes with a paper towel or clean cloth. If you did a good job, your shoes should look as nice as when you first got them.
3. If you go to a dance party, you'll need to wear dress shoes. However, wearing dress shoes for a few minutes can be really painful. To solve the problem, you can bring a box of bandaids(创口贴) with you. When your feet hurt, put on those bandaids. The bandaids will create something that will reduce pain.
4. When playing golf and bowling(保龄球), people need to wear special shoes. Golf shoes have sharp metal spikes(鞋钉), while bowling shoes have almost no spikes at all. Both these shoes help players perform. Besides looking silly, golf shoes and bowling shoes do not have soles(鞋底) that are fit for street use.
5. Are you wearing shoes? Why? People wear shoes for many reasons. The first and most important reason is to protect their feet. Shoes keep people from hurting their feet while walking on hard roads. Some people wear special shoes designed to help them play a game. Some people wear expensive shoes to look fashionable. And a lot of other people wear shoes so that their feet won't stink(发臭) up the room.
Passage 7(2020孝感)
选材理由
该篇素材采用拟人的手法，通过茶杯的自述，引导考生树立正确的人生观和价值观，要想破茧成蝶，需要经历很多的磨难；在设题方式上，2题通过文章排序的形式考查考生对细节的理解，4题考查考生的推理判断能力，5题考查考生的概括总结能力。
A couple often went shopping together. They both liked teacups. One day they saw a beautiful teacup in a store. As they picked it up, it suddenly spoke.
“I haven't always been a teacup. Once I was red clay. My master rolled(揉、搓)me over and over and I shouted, but he only smiled.”
“Then I was placed on a rolling wheel and suddenly I went around and around. ‘Stop! ' I cried, but the master only nodded.”
“Then he put me in the oven. I had never felt so hot. I could see him through the opening and I could read his words, ‘Not yet.'”
“Finally the door opened, and he took me out and put me on a shelf. Then he brushed me and put me back into the oven. This time it was twice as hot. I begged. I cried. I could see him through the opening nodding his head, saying，‘Not yet.'”
“Then I knew there wasn't any hope. I was ready to give up, but the door opened and I was taken out and placed on a shelf. Later he handed me a mirror and said, ‘Look at yourself.' I said，‘That can't be me. It's beautiful！'”
“‘I want you to remember，' he said, ‘if I had just left you without rolling, you'd have dried up. If I had stopped rolling you around on the wheel, you would have been out of shape. If I hadn't put you in the oven, you would have broken. If I hadn't brushed you all over, you would not have any color in your life. If I hadn't put you back in that oven for the second time, you wouldn't be kept for very long because the hardness would not have held. Now you are a finished product. You are what I had in mind when I first started with you.'”
1. On the rolling wheel, when the red clay asked him to stop, the master________．
A. stopped rolling it at once B. only smiled
C. shouted at it angrily D. only nodded
2. Which of the following shows the right process of making the teacup?
a. It was put into the oven for the first time.
b. It was put on a rolling wheel and went around.
c. The master took it out and brushed it all over.
d. It was put back into the oven again.
e. The master rolled the red clay over and over.
A. e，c，a，b，d B. e，b，c，a，d C. e，b，a，c，d D. e，c，b，a，d
3. The master brushed the teacup all over to make it become________．
A. hot B. hard C. colorful D. soft
4. From the last paragraph, we can infer that________．
A. the master knew how to make the teacup
B. the master disliked the teacup
C. the teacup will dry up if it is rolled
D. the teacup will be on sale
5. What lesson does the passage mainly teach us?
A. Beautiful look won't be refused by people.
B. Don't give up any chance in front of you.
C. Caring about others makes the world wonderful.
D. Going through hard time can make you better.
类型3 跨学科综合题
编者按：跨学科综合题是在实施新课程标准过程中出现的一类新颖试题，不单纯考查英语知识，而是要求考生综合运用多学科基础背景知识来答题。考生需掌握好初中阶段大纲要求的各科基础知识，以此来拓宽知识面，从而看懂英语表达的多学科知识内容。分析全国中考真题，涉及跨学科综合题的地市有：成都、甘肃省卷、兰州等。这类题对综合能力要求高，是以后全国中考命题的新趋势，考生应多加关注。
Passage 1(2020成都)
选材理由
文章素材以语文诗的解读为背景；设题体现了跨学科综合的特点，1题考查诗的中文名；2题考查诗的节奏；3题考查对诗的理解；4题考查相同写作手法的句子；5题考查诗的主题。题题经典。
This famous poem, with four couplets, was written by Du Fu (712770, Tang Dynasty) when he was living and farming in Chengdu. His farming experience taught him to be thankful to nature.
The very first word, “good”， shows the poet's joy and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it “knows” the proper time to come. Here the poet uses personification, as if the rain were smart enough to come in time for the farmer's busy season.
When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes its task without being known.
In the third couplet, the poet describes a peaceful scene to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It's a sign that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the riverboat makes the dark scene a bit livelier.
Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom(盛开) after the rain.
1. What's the Chinese title of the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night?
A. 《春望》 B. 《春夜喜雨》 C. 《夜雨寄北》
2. Which of the following rhymes are right for this poem?
A. aa－bb－cc－dd B. ab－ab－cd－cd C. ab－cd－ab－cd
3. Which word can be used to describe the rain in this poem?
A. Busy. B. Dark. C. Quiet.
4. Which of the following uses personification?
A. With wind it steals in night.
B. It will fall when comes spring.
C. The town's heavy with blooms(blooming flowers)．
5. What does Du Fu want to show in this poem?
A. He's thankful to nature.
B. He loves and enjoys farming.
C. He expects the flowers to bloom.
类型4 短文填空(适当形式＋盲填)
编者按：高考是中考的指挥棒＋风向标，高考全国卷以适当形式和盲填的形式考查语法知识，同时中考也有很多省市紧跟高考的步伐，如：河北、烟台、淄博、聊城、宁波、衢州、金华、嘉兴、宜宾、南充等，所以短文填空(适当形式＋盲填)是以后全国中考命题的新趋势，值得多加关注。
Passage 1(2020河北)
选材理由
该篇通过温馨的一家人在一起包饺子的事情告诉我们亲情带来的美好；在设题方式上，采用适当形式＋盲填两种结合的形式，考查学生词汇运用的能力。
Mum and I were just going out when it began to rain. We had to stay at home, and I 1. ________ (feel) quite bored. Mum got 2. ________ idea. She suggested teaching me to make dumplings. I thought it could be fun, so I said OK. Mum cut the meat and cabbages into small pieces 3. ________ (quick). Then she showed me
4. ________ to mix them with salt and oil. “Mixing is the most important of all the 5. ________(step)，” she said. I also made some other preparations with her help. When everything was ready, dad came back home
6. ________ his office. Together the three of 7. ________ (we) wrapped(包) the dumplings. At last, we
8. ________ (cook) them. They were so delicious that I ate 9. ________ (many) than twenty. That was the
10. ________ (one) time I learnt to make dumplings. It was enjoyable!
Passage 2(2020宜宾)
选材理由
该篇以疫情为背景，告诉我们在分享消息时，要注意消息的可靠性；在设题形式上，采用适当形式＋盲填两种结合的形式，考查学生词汇运用的能力。
Every day brings new stories and information about COVID19. Some stories 1. ________(be) encouraging, while others bring bad news. How can you know who to turn to? Can you trust 2. ________(they)?
It's important 3. ________(stay) informed in times like these. But while your 4. ________(friend) and family might share information on social media in 5. ________ hopes of helping others, it's common for rumors(谣言) to spread in this way. You might have read stories 6. ________ sound too good to be true. What do you think about them? Would you consider that they might not be quite right?
If you can, try to get news 7. ________ all kinds of sources(来源). Read articles from government news platforms which 8. ________(usual) give timely fact checks. When dealing with such a serious issue, it's important to make your news “diet” just as much and 9. ________(health) as your real diet. Last but not least, think twice before 10. ________(share) information online!
Passage 3(2020南充)
选材理由
该篇是一个幽默故事，通过这个故事我们知道了爱因斯坦的司机的机智；在设题形式上，采用适当形式＋盲填两种结合的形式，考查学生词汇运用的能力。
Albert Einstein is a genius(天才). This story about him shows that he's also humorous.
Einstein often received 1. ________(invite) to explain his ideas at different universities. On these trips, his driver Hans often said to him，“It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.”
One evening, on their way to 2. ________ university, Einstein said，“I'm so tired. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture(讲座) tonight, Hans, but I don't want to make my listeners 3. ________(disappoint)．”
“I know what to do，” said Hans. “I can give the lecture for you. You can trust 4. ________(I). I've listened to your lecture so many times that I've learnt it by heart. No one 5. ________(know) you at this university, so they won't find out.”
So, they changed places. At the university, Hans was 6. ________(lead) to the front of the hall. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture 7. ________ difficulty，and joined in the applause(掌声) at the end.
However, before Hans left, a man shouted, “I'd like 8. ________(ask) you a question.” He then asked a question so difficult that Hans had no idea what he was talking about.
Einstein turned pale. “Oh no！” he thought. “Now we're in trouble.” 9. ________ Hans just laughed and said, “That's such an easy question that even my driver can answer it. Hans, please...” Einstein stood up and answered the question 10. ________(perfect)．
They left the university, with Einstein driving. A little later, Hans offered to drive.“No.”laughed Einstein. “It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Hans.”
中考改革下的全国命题新趋势
类型1 开放性试题
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是随着科技的发展，互联网正在改变学生的学习方式。许多学习应用程序为学习者提供丰富的课程，以满足他们的知识和兴趣水平。本文在引导学生在线学习的同时，说明了技术在不断地更新变化，青少年学生要选择运用适合自己的学习方式。
1. 然而，互联网正在改变学生的学习方式。/... 【解析】句子翻译题。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句时态为现在进行时，定语从句的先行词是way，省略了引导词that，在定语从句中作状语。
2. Because they are interested in public speaking./Because they want to develop their speaking skills./Because it meets their interests./... 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，人们为什么选择TED? 根据TED文本框中的“This free app is a great tool for those who are interested in public speaking.”及“It could be the first choice for many learners to develop their speaking skills.”可推断答案。
3. Working in groups./Discussing in groups./They can work in groups. 【解析】总结归纳题。题干意为：根据学生的看法，正规学校的共同优点是什么？根据喜欢正规学习的学生Amolia及Miya的看法可知，正规学校有一个共同的特点，那就是无论做什么事都可以分组，由此可知答案。
4. He might/could/may be a slow learner in regular school./He might prefer having classes at home./... 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们从迈克尔的话中能推断出关于他的什么信息？根据Michael的话“I'm having classes at home and I make much more progress now than when I went to regular school.”可以推断迈克尔可能是一个学得慢的人或者是更喜欢在家学习。
5. Make a (study) plan./Make plans. I can look up new words in the dictionary./I can search useful information online./... 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为： 请填写图表中的第二步。你还能做些什么来提高在线学习？根据What can you do to improve your online studies？中介绍的第二步“Then, a study plan is needed.”可知第二步是制定学习计划。第二问是开放性试题，考生可根据自身情况进行作答，答案不唯一。
6. I think students don't need to go to school often in the future. Because they can have classes in the cloud classroom at any time./... 【解析】题干意为：你认为未来的学习方法是什么样的？为什么？此题为开放性试题，考生可根据自身情况进行作答，答案不唯一。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在2020年底之前一颗人造月球将会被放置到成都上空。
1. China. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪一个国家准备在2020年底之前在成都上空放置一个人造月球？根据第二段第一句“China is preparing to put a manmade moon in the sky above Chengdu by the end of 2020.”可知答案。
2. He is a space scientist. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Wu Chunfeng是做什么的？根据第二段第三句中“according to Wu Chunfeng, a space scientist”可知答案。
3. Over 380，000 kilometers. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从月球到地球有多远？根据第二段最后一句“That will make it much closer to us than the Moon, which is over 380，000 kilometers away, Wu added.”可知答案。
4. Yes, it will. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果人造月球计划成功了，这会减少路灯的需求吗？根据第三段最后一句“That means its brightness will be seen in most areas in China, so reducing the need for streetlights.”可知答案。
5. Excellent/Amazing. 【解析】开放性试题。题干意为：你认为这个计划怎么样？答案因人而异，只要积极即可。
类型2 创新性试题
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇广告。主要介绍的是梅里登中心新学期的中国语言课程！
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Meriden中心在这学期开设了关于 ________新课程。根据图表中的“Chinese Language Courses！”可知是提供汉语课程。故选D。
2. A 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“skyrocketing”的意思是________。根据“Chinese is the No. 1 spoken language in the world！”说明人数在暴涨。故选A。
3. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们可以从方框里的信息得知________。根据“Another great reason is to give your kids or yourself a seat at the table in a world where China is an important partner.”可以推断出中国是世界上重要的合作伙伴。故选B。
4. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：“自选课程”的好处是你可以自己选择________。根据“Selffit course：studying at your own pace，”介绍“按照自己的节奏学习”可以推断出自选课程可以选择学习的速度。故选B。
5. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：本想在星期二上一门在线课程。他每学期需要付多少钱？根据“Online courses”中的“on workdays$350 per course each term”可知每学期350美元。故选C。
6. C 【解析】句子还原题。题干意为：下列哪一项填入空白处最好？根据广告中的各项信息，可知还缺少联系方式，结合备选项可知C项内容符合语境。故选 C。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过在路边遇到垃圾水瓶而做出不同的选择和年轻人困惑自己何时长大这两个例子，告诉我们应尽最大的努力帮助别人，在帮助别人的同时，别人也会帮助我们。
1. example 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者是怎样展开这篇文章的？根据第一段主要内容可知，作者通过一个生活中的例子，对读者进行发问来展开这篇文章。
2. three/3 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在第二段中有多少种选择？根据第二段中的关键词“Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly”可知，在第二段中作者一共给出了三种选择。
3. helpful/kind/caring/... 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：当你捡起垃圾水瓶并把它们给其他人时，这意味着什么？根据第二段最后一句“You're not only thinking about doing something for the environment, you're also developing yourself to be a person who would think of others and help them.”可知，如果把垃圾瓶给另一个人，这意味着你是一个对别人有帮助的/善良的/热心的人。
4. neighborhood/country/city/... 【解析】名词指代题。题干意为：第二段中划线单词“home”指的是什么？根据第二段第七句“By doing this, you have walked a step further to help make our home clean.”和第二段最后一句“You're not only thinking about doing something for the environment, you're also developing yourself to be a person who would think of others and help them.”可知，把垃圾水瓶捡起来扔进垃圾箱是在保护环境，所以此处的home代指的是我们生活的地方。
5. what to do with waste bottles/the ways of dealing with waste bottles/... 【解析】论证方法题。题干意为：作者怎样支持文章的观点？通过文章第二段的内容可知，作者通过说明我们面对路边的垃圾水瓶所做出的不同选择，给自己和别人带来的不同影响，来论证支持文章的观点。
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拉戈梅拉岛上远距离交流的方式——吹口哨。详细介绍了吹口哨的原因、优点等信息。
1. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：拉戈梅拉岛上的人们如何在远距离进行交流？根据题干中的over a distance可定位至文章第一段。根据第一段的最后一句“But when they need to speak over a distance(距离), they whistle.”，可知当他们相距较远时，他们就会通过吹口哨来进行交流。故选B。
2. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第二段内容我们可以获得关于拉戈梅拉岛的什么信息？根据第二段第三句“It is very mountainous.”可知这是一座多山的小岛，故A项正确；根据第二段第二句“This island is almost shaped like a circle.”可知小岛的外形几乎是一个圆，B项“小岛位于两个圆之间”与文章内容不符；根据第二段第四句“Walking from one place to another may be a slow and difficult job.”可知从小岛上的一个地方到另外一个地方是比较困难的，C项“在那儿旅行很容易”与文章内容不符；D项“在那儿找到工作是困难的。”在第二段中并未提到小岛的就业情况。故选A。
3. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：什么有助于口哨声传得更远？根据第三段第二句“His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless.”可知在没有风的时候，口哨声会传得更远。故选A。
4. C 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者将在最后一段中介绍什么？根据最后一段中“...and many methods of whistling are used...”可知作者接下来会介绍各种吹口哨的方式。故选C。
Passage 4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了垃圾的危害以及中国现在处理垃圾的一些措施：减少回收发达国家的垃圾、垃圾回收利用、鼓励垃圾分类。
1. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者通过________的方式开始这篇文章。根据第一段中“Where does the waste go？”及“But is it a proper way？”可知作者通过提问题的方式开始的这篇文章。故选C。
2. B 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第二段中划线单词“sustainable”的汉语意思是________。根据下文“We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代人)．”可知此处应是指可持续的。故选B。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章，我们知道________。根据最后一段中“More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.”可知垃圾分类在中国越来越流行。故选D。
4. A 【解析】文章结构题。题干意为：文章的结构可能是________。通读全文可知文章主要讲了如何处理垃圾。第一段主要引出后文，询问处理垃圾的方式；第二段介绍了垃圾的危害；第三段主要表明中国已经开始严肃对待垃圾处理，后三段主要介绍了中国处理垃圾的方式。故选A。
Passage 5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种濒临灭绝的花，包括其形状、生长地以及濒临灭绝的原因。
1. A 【解析】句意理解题。题干意为：第一段中划线部分是什么意思？根据第一段第一句“When_spring_is_in_the_air,_everyone looks forward to seeing the beautiful and eyepleasing flowers and plants.”可知，此处指的是春天来临，人们期望看到美丽的花和植物。故选A。
2. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：文章列举了几条lady's slipper濒临灭绝的原因？根据第二段内容可知，列举了人们采摘和难以种植这两方面的原因。故选B。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：以下哪项是花和名字的正确匹配？根据第二段第二句“It looks like a shoe.”可知，lady's slipper长得像鞋；根据第三段第二句“No, they are not a woman's lips(唇)！”可知Hot lips长得像嘴唇；根据第四段第二句“It is famous for its batshaped black flowers.”可知，Black bat flower长得像黑蝙蝠。故选D。
4. A 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：以下哪一项是文章最好的标题？根据文章内容可知主要让我们了解了三种濒临灭绝的赏心悦目的花朵，包括其形状、生长地以及濒临灭绝的原因。故选A。
Passage 6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。分别介绍了飞人乔丹鞋的发展史；让你的鞋看起来焕然一新的方法；怎么解决去参加舞会穿舞鞋脚疼这个问题；保龄球鞋和高尔夫球鞋的特点；人们穿不同鞋的原因及目的。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据第二句中“The first Air Jordan shoes...in 1985.”第三句中“The next Air Jordan shoes...in 1986.”和最后一句中的关键词“Two years later...”可知本段文字以时间顺序介绍了飞人乔丹鞋的发展史，所以A选项Timeline选项符合语境。故选A。
2. B 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据本段关键词“first”，“ Second”，“Third”和“Finally”可知，本文主要分成四个步骤来介绍怎样让你的鞋看起来像新的一样，所以B选项Step by step符合语境。故选B。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据第三句“To solve the problem，you can bring a box of bandaids(创可贴) with you.”可知，本段主要讨论怎样解决穿舞鞋脚疼这个问题，所以D选项Problem→Solution符合语境。故选D。
4. E 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据本段关键词“Golf shoes have...while bowling shoes have...”，“Both these shoes help...”和“golf shoes and bowling shoes do not have...”可知本文主要通过对比高尔夫球鞋和保龄球鞋的相同点和不同点，来介绍这两种鞋各自的特点，所以E选项Compare，Different，Alike符合语境。故选E。
5. C 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据本段前三句“Are you wearing shoes? Why? People wear shoes for many reasons.”可知，本段主要介绍人们穿鞋的不同理由和目的。所以C选项符合语境。故选C。
Passage 7
【主旨大意】本文是一则寓言故事。文章以一个茶杯的口吻讲述了它是怎样从一块黏土一步步变成精美的茶杯，告诉我们只有历经磨难，才能变成更好的自己。
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在转轴上，当红色黏土请求他停下时，主人________。根据第三段内容可知选D。
2. C 【解析】文章排序题。题干意为：以下哪一项展示了制作茶杯的正确过程？根据文章第二至第五段内容可知，C项的顺序为制作茶杯的正确过程，故选C。
3. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：主人将茶杯全部刷了一遍来使它变得________。根据最后一段第四句“If I hadn't brushed you all over, you would not have any color in your life.”可知这样做是给它刷上颜料，故选C。
4. A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从最后一段我们可以推测出________。由最后一段最后一句“You are what I had in mind when I first started with you.”可知主人知道怎样制作茶杯，故选A。
5. D 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章教给我们什么道理？文章通过黏土一步步变成精致的茶杯的故事告诉我们，只有历经磨难，才能变成更好的自己，故选D。
类型3 跨学科综合题
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我国唐代诗人杜甫的著名诗词《春夜喜雨》并对诗词内容进行了解读。
1. B 【解析】标题翻译题。题干意为：这首诗Happy Rain on a Spring Night的中文标题是什么？根据诗文内容可知中文标题是《春夜喜雨》。故选B。
2. B 【解析】韵脚辨别题。题干意为：下列哪一个押韵适合这首诗？根据这首诗中单词的结尾分别是“ight; ing”和 “ads; ooms”，可知它们是隔行押韵；且有四个韵脚。故选B。
3. C 【解析】语境推断题。题干意为：在这首诗中，哪个词可以用来描述雨？根据诗词内容“Mute, it moistens each thing.”可知可以用“静”来描述雨。故选C。
4. A 【解析】修辞手法判断题。题干意为：下列哪一项使用了拟人的修辞手法？分析可知A项中的steal用了拟人的手法。故选A。
5. A 【解析】写作意图题。题干意为：杜甫想在这首诗中表达什么？根据诗歌的内容，描述了春雨、雨中小巷、船和灯笼等大自然的景象，可知主要表达了诗人对大自然的热爱与感激之情。故选A。
类型4 短文填空(适当形式＋盲填)
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家在一起包饺子的故事，作者不仅学会了包饺子的技能，更重要的是享受到了一家人在一起温馨、幸福的氛围。
1. felt 【解析】句意：我们不得不待在家里，我感到很无聊。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语。结合文章时态可知为一般过去时，故填feel的过去式felt。
2. an 【解析】句意：妈妈想出________办法。分析句子结构，修饰名词idea用形容词性物主代词或冠词，idea以元音音素开头，应用an表示“一个”，故填an。
3. quickly 【解析】句意：妈妈很快把肉和卷心菜切成了小块。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少状语。修饰动词cut应用副词，故填quick的副词quickly。
4. how 【解析】句意：然后她给我展示________把盐和油混合起来。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少方式状语。联系下文混合才是最重要的步骤，可知此处表示妈妈给我展示怎样混合它们，故填how。
5. steps 【解析】句意：混合是所有步骤中最重要的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语。all修饰可数名词复数。故填steps。
6. from 【解析】句意：当一切都准备好了，爸爸________他的办公室回家来了。短语come back from...意为“从……回来”，故填from。
7. us 【解析】句意：我们三个一起包饺子。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语。介词of后跟代词宾格，故填us。
8. cooked 【解析】句意：最后，我们把它们煮熟了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语。结合文章时态可知为一般过去时，故填cooked。
9. more 【解析】句意：它们太好吃了，我吃了二十多个。短语more than意为“多于”，故填more。
10. first 【解析】句意：那是我________学会包饺子。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少定语。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处应用序数词，故填first。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了网上有很多不实的消息，为此我们应该多渠道地得到消息，多从政府官网上获取消息，同时，在分享消息的时候，要注意消息的真实可靠性。
1. are 【解析】句意：一些消息是令人鼓舞的，而另一些则是坏消息。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个系动词，主语为复数，且空后的时态是一般现在时。故填are。
2. them 【解析】句意：你能相信他们吗？分析句子结构可知，空处作的是宾语的成分，故需用they的宾格形式。故填them。
3. to stay 【解析】句意：在这个时代保持消息灵通是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了it's important to do sth.的句式，意为“做某事是很重要的”。故填to stay。
4. friends 【解析】句意：虽然你的朋友和家人可能会在社交媒体上分享信息，希望能帮助他人，但谣言往往会以这种方式传播。根据语境及常识可知，通常一个人的朋友并不止一个，故此处需用其复数形式。故填friends。
5. the 【解析】句意：虽然你的朋友和家人可能会在社交媒体上分享信息，希望能帮助他人，但谣言往往会以这种方式传播。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了in the hopes of的固定搭配，意为“希望”。故填the。
6. that/which 【解析】句意：你可能读过一些听起来太好而不真实的故事。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句。先行词是stories，且在从句中作主语，故需用that或which来引导。故填that/which。
7. from 【解析】句意：如果可以的话，试着从各种来源中获取消息。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个介词。根据句意可知，空处表示“从”，故需用介词from。故填from。
8. usually 【解析】句意：阅读政府新闻平台上的文章，这些平台通常会进行及时的事实核查。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个副词修饰动词give。故填usually。
9. healthy 【解析】句意：在处理这样一个严肃的问题时，让你的新闻“饮食”和真正的饮食一样多、一样健康是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个形容词，且空前的much为形容词原形，故此处需用healthy。故填healthy。
10. sharing 【解析】句意：最后但同样重要的是，在网上分享信息之前要三思！before为介词，空后需跟动名词。故填sharing。
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了经常去大学讲座的爱因斯坦因为过于劳累，让司机替自己做讲座。最后司机被听众的问题难住，巧妙地把爱因斯坦当做自己的司机，邀请爱因斯坦来回答。
1. invitations 【解析】句意：爱因斯坦经常收到在不同大学解释他的想法的________。动词received后须用名词作宾语。根据“at different universities”可知是收到很多邀请，应用名词的复数形式。故填invitations。
2. a 【解析】句意：一个晚上，在他们去________大学的路上，爱因斯坦说，“我非常累……”。根据语境可知此处指一所大学，表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰。空后university为以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
3. disappointed 【解析】句意：我希望我可以躲过今晚的讲座，Hans，但是我不想让我的听众________。“make sb.＋adj.”表示“使某人……”。根据语境可知此处表示“感到失望的”。故填disappointed。
4. me 【解析】句意：你可以相信________。动词trust后缺少宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填me。
5. knows 【解析】句意：在这所大学里没有人________你，所以他们不会发现。此处为引号里司机Hans所说的话，所以时态为一般现在时。主语No one为单数第三人称，故填knows。
6. led 【解析】句意：在大学里，Hans被引导至大厅前。根据句意可知，“Hans”与“lead”之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。空前有was，故填过去分词led。
7. without 【解析】句意：爱因斯坦入座，听着Hans________困难地主持着他的讲座，并在最后跟着鼓掌。根据“joined in the applause(掌声)”可知此处指毫无困难。故填without。
8. to ask 【解析】句意：然而，在Hans离开前，一个男人大喊道，“我想问你一个问题。”“would like to do sth. 想做某事”为固定搭配，故填to ask。
9. But 【解析】句意：________Hans只是笑着说道，“这个问题如此简单，甚至我的司机都会回答。”根据上句“Now we're in trouble.”可知此处表示转折。故填But。注意句首单词首字母应大写。
10. perfectly 【解析】句意：爱因斯坦站起来，________回答了这个问题。此处应填副词，修饰动词answered。故填perfectly。
中考改革下的全国命题新趋势
类型1 开放性试题
编者按：根据国家考改文件《教育部关于加强初中学业水平考试命题工作的意见》中提到“……减少机械记忆试题和客观性试题的比例，提高探究性、开放性、综合性试题的比例，积极探索跨学科命题……”的要求，并分析全国中考真题，涉及开放性设问的地市有：上海、山西、重庆、江苏等地市，由此可知，开放性试题是以后全国中考命题的新趋势，考生应多加关注。
Passage 1(2020山西)
选材理由
这篇文章以非连续性文本为载体，设问方式灵活多变，1题考查考生的翻译能力，2、4题考查考生的逻辑推理能力，3题考查考生的归纳总结能力，5、6题均涉及开放性试题，要求考生结合自身生活进行思考，发表个人观点和看法。所有试题综合考查了考生的阅读分析、比较探究、提取信息的能力。
When learning is mentioned, regular school can be the first place which you can think of. However, the Internet is changing the way students learn. Many learning apps provide rich courses for the learners to meet their levels of knowledge and interests. TED is one of them. With the Internet, learners are allowed to learn at home or anywhere else.
◆Which do you prefer: Regular School or Home School?
This free app is a great tool for those who are interested in public speaking. It provides more than 700 talks from the world's most famous thinkers, leaders and artists. It could be the first choice for many learners to develop their speaking skills.
◆What can you do to improve your online studies?
To successfully learn online, you can follow these steps. First of all, you should always keep in mind what you hope to complete by the end of it. Then, a study plan is needed. A good study plan includes a study calendar and a todo list. Next, when having a class, be active to think about what the teacher says and express yourself. After class, remember to review what you have learned by reading your notes or making a mind map.
With the coming of 5G, the cloud classroom might not be far away. However, whatever advantages online learning has, it just offers a way of learning. It doesn't take the place of any of the ways. There must be many more ways of learning in the future. Nobody knows what will happen.
1. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the passage, why do people choose TED?
________________________________________________________________________
3. What's the common advantage of regular school according to the students?
________________________________________________________________________
4. What can we infer(推断) about Michael from his words?
________________________________________________________________________
5. Please complete the second step in the chart(图表). What else can you do to improve your online studies?
________________________________________________________________________
6. What do you think the way of learning in the future will be like? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2(2020衡阳)
选材理由
这篇文章结合最新的素材和热点，除考查考生对文章细节的把控之外，还在最后一题考查考生对这一事件的看法。值得注意的是，在回答部分具有明显价值观倾向的试题时，所回答的内容应体现正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。就本题而言，答案一定要积极向上。
There are plenty of myths(神话) to explain how the world came to have a moon to bring light to the night time. But now there is a plan for a manmade moon. It will give us much more light than the
natural Moon.
China is preparing to put a manmade moon in the sky above Chengdu by the end
of 2020. It will reflect sunlight back onto the Earth. If it succeeds, three more such objects
will be sent out in 2022, according to Wu Chunfeng, a space scientist. Wu said it would
be similar to how we get moonlight, but he predicted(预言) that the manmade moon would have eight times the brightness of the real one. This is because the object will be about 500 kilometers above the Earth. That will make it much closer to us than the Moon, which is over 380, 000 kilometers away, Wu added.
If the plan works, the manmade moon will save a lot of power. Scientists predicted that Chengdu could save around 1.2 billion yuan in electricity every year if a new moon lit up 50 square kilometers of the city. And in 2022, four manmade moons can take turns reflecting sunlight as they will not always be in the best position relative to the Sun. Together, they can give light to an area of up to 6，400 square kilometers on the Earth for 24 hours. That means its brightness will be seen in most areas in China, so reducing the need for streetlights.
1. Which country is preparing to put a manmade moon in the sky above Chengdu by the end of 2020?
________________________________________________________________________
2. What does Wu Chunfeng do?
________________________________________________________________________
3. How far is it from the Moon to the Earth?
________________________________________________________________________
4. Will it reduce the need for streetlights if the plan of manmade moons succeeds?
________________________________________________________________________
5. What do you think of this plan?
________________________________________________________________________
类型2 创新性试题
编者按：英语课程标准强调从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，发展学生的综合语言运用能力。纵观全国各地中考试题，不少省市的试卷中出现了一些联系学生生活实际，反映社会生活热点，能培养学生发散性思维和创新意识的创新型试题，令人耳目一新。这也是近年来中考命题的新趋势，考生应多加关注。
Passage 1(2020上海)
选材理由
该篇素材以广告图表为载体，设题方式多样，不仅考查考生对文章细节的理解，还考查考生的推理判断能力，最后一题更具创新性，在广告图表的素材中考查句子还原题，让考生出其不意，对考生的能力提出了更高的要求。所以在平时的训练中，也要不拘泥于一般的考查形式。
1. The Meriden Centre offers its new courses on ________ this term.
A. business skills B. modern world history
C. spoken English D. the Chinese language
2. The underlined word “skyrocketing” means “________”.
A. rising quickly B. returning suddenly
C. dropping slowly D. disappearing completely
3. We can learn from the information in the box that ________.
A. the courses are designed for Chinese kids
B. China is an important partner in the world
C. it's difficult to get a seat in a Chinese restaurant
D. English is the No. 1 spoken language in the world
4. The advantage of “selffit course” is that you may choose your own ________.
A. class size B. speed to learn
C. language teacher D. place to park
5. Ben wishes to take an online course on Tuesdays. How much does he need to pay each term?
A. $500. B. $650. C. $350. D. $400.
6. Which of the following is the best to be filled in the blank?
A.
Turn left into Garden Road and drive toward north
B.
For more information
Contact Angela at 860－343－5807
C.
D. Guest speaker: Ann Bella
Room 300 2：00 p．m. July 1
Passage 2(2020陕西)
选材理由
该篇文体打破以往的说明类文体，首次以议论文形式引导青少年关注自己内心的成长，在帮助他人的过程中寻找自己的人生价值。另外，在设题方式上，1题考查作者的开篇方式，设问新颖，3、4题考查了考生的推理判断能力，5题考查了考生对文章的整体把控能力，知道作者是怎样一步步论证自己的观点的。题题经典，考查学生对语言的综合理解和运用能力。
Let's say you are taking a walk along the road and you happen to see one or two waste bottles lying on the grass beside the road. What would you do?
You may have different choices. Firstly, you can leave the bottles there as they are. It was not you who threw them away. Why should you do something about it? This is quite OK. Secondly, you can pick them up and throw them into a dustbin (垃圾箱). By doing this, you have walked a step further to help make our home clean. This action is a better choice. Thirdly, you might want to pick them up and give them to an old man or woman who collects waste for a living. If this is your choice, you have walked even further. You're not only thinking about doing something for the environment, you're also developing yourself to be a person who would think of others and help them.
As for young kids, they may always have such a question：“When do I grow up？” Yes! When does a child grow up? And how can a kid know he or she has grown up? These are interesting questions. As for us, fifteenyearolds, who are finishing middle school, we're no longer younger children. We should know whether or not we have grown up. When we start to have a sense of offering a helping hand for a cleaner city and greener world, and when we have a loving heart to think more of others than of ourselves and are ready to help them, we can say that we have grown up.
Remember：If we help others, others will help us. If we do our best for nature, nature will offer its best to us in return!
1. How did the writer start the passage?
The writer did it by giving a(n)________________ of daily life.
2. How many choices are there in the second paragraph?
There are ________________ choices.
3. What does it mean when you pick up the waste bottles and give them to someone else?
It is a sign that you're a ________________ person that has grown up.
4. What does the underlined word “home”refer to in the second paragraph?
It refers to the “________________” we live in.
5. How did the writer support the main idea in the passage?
The writer used ________________ as an example to support the idea.
Passage 3(2020安徽)
选材理由
该篇以一个小岛上“吹口哨”的文化为载体，让我们了解了一些特殊的外国文化现象。在设题方式上，2、3题需对文章中的相关细节进行转换才能得出答案；4题考生需结合最后一段内容进行推理判断，对文章接下来要写的内容进行猜测。
The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling(吹口哨) from far away. For facetoface conversations, they speak Spanish. But when they need to speak over a distance(距离), they whistle.
La Gomera is a small island. This island is almost shaped like a circle. It is very mountainous. Walking from one place to another may be a slow and difficult job. That is why whistling is so useful to the local people. A message can easily be whistled over a couple of miles, while to travel that same distance on foot might take an hour.
A good whistler can be heard and understood five miles away. His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless. It is said that the record is about nine miles. Anyone who has heard a top whistler will agree that this record is quite possible.
A whistle travels farther than a shout, and is easier to understand. When a person shouts, he cannot pronounce his words well. But if a whistle is heard, it will be heard clearly.
Whistling is popular at La Gomera, and many methods of whistling are used ...
1. How do people of La Gomera speak over a distance?
A. By shouting. B. By whistling. C. By travelling. D. By recording.
2. What can we know about La Gomera from Paragraph 2?
A. It is very mountainous. B. It lies between two circles.
C. It is easy to travel there. D. It is hard to find a job there.
3. What helps a whistle travel farther?
A. A windless day. B. A long distance.
C. A useful message. D. A clear pronunciation.
4. What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?
A. Disadvantages of whistling. B. Stories of a top whistler.
C. Different methods of whistling. D. Examples of good whistlers.
Passage 4(2020重庆B卷)
选材理由
该篇以垃圾分类的热点素材为载体，考查考生细节理解、猜测词义以及综合把握文章的能力，1题考查作者的开篇方式，设问新颖，4题考查文章的结构，针对考生对文章的整体把控能力提出了更高的要求，需对文章的谋篇布局做到心中有数。
In China, each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury(埋) it. On the other hand, we receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way?
Waste pollutes the environment, harms people's health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can't make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代人)．
China is getting really serious about waste now.
We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.
The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting(分类). Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting systems. More will join them soon. As President Xi Jinping said during a visit to Shanghai, waste sorting is a new fashion (时尚). More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.
1. The writer starts the passage by ________．
A. telling stories B. comparing numbers
C. raising questions D. giving suggestions
2. The underlined word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 means “________” in Chinese.
A. 可享受的 B. 可持续的 C. 可借鉴的 D. 可复活的
3. From the passage, we know that ________．
A. waste does harm only to the environment
B. those who break the law may not be punished
C. China stops getting waste from developed countries
D. waste sorting starts to become popular in China
4. The structure of the passage may be ________．
(①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2 ③＝Paragraph 3 ④＝Paragraph 4
⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6)
Passage 5(2020济宁)
选材理由
该篇介绍了三种濒临灭绝的花，也是在给我们敲响警钟，让我们保护环境，善待大自然，从而达到生态平衡。在设问方式上，1题考查对句意的理解，3题采用图片和文字结合的形式来考查对文章细节的理解，4题给文章起标题，考查归纳总结的能力。
When_spring_is_in_the_air,_everyone looks forward to seeing the beautiful and eyepleasing flowers and plants. The following flowers and plants might not be so eyepleasing, but are certainly eyecatching!
Lady's Slipper
This flower is amazing. It looks like a shoe. To be more exact, it is like a lady's slipper. That's how it gets its name. Although it is was once found across Europe and the UK, now Lancashire in England is the only place where this plant can be found. The flower was so unusual that people picked almost all of them. Besides, it is one of the most difficult plants to grow. Fortunately, strict rules have been made to protect this endangered plant.
Hot Lips
When you see a plant like this, don't get shocked! No, they are not a woman's lips (唇)! You can find these plants in countries with tropical(热带的)rain forests, such as Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama. Because of the cutting down of trees, these unusual plants have become endangered.
Black Bat Flower
The black bat flower is an unusual flower that grows in the wild and tropical forests of Yunnan Province in China. It is famous for its batshaped black flowers. It needs special environmental conditions to grow. This is the reason why it is an endangered plant.
You can consider yourself lucky if you actually see one of the plants mentioned above. After all, they are all endangered and disappearing from the earth. Hopefully, there are other unusual flowers that are left and undiscovered, because the world is full of surprising things!
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. When spring comes. B. When spring flies.
C. When spring is gone. D. When the air is fresh.
2. How many reasons are listed for the lady's slipper to become endangered?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
3. Which of the following is a correct match of the flowers with the names?
A. Lady's slipper(a), Hot lips(b), Black bat flower(c)
B. Lady's slipper(c), Hot lips(a), Black bat flower(b)
C. Lady's slipper(d), Hot lips(c), Black bat flower(b)
D. Lady's slipper(d), Hot lips(c), Black bat flower(a)
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Get to know these eyepleasing flowers
B. Three kinds of unusual tropical flowers
C. The world is full of surprising things
D. How to protect the endangered plants
Passage 6(2020宁波)
选材理由
该篇为5个小语段，均是关于同一个主题“鞋”的不同内容，且5个文本话题多样，有说明介绍、咨询建议等；该题是选择每段的写作结构图，设题形式新颖，考查了考生对文章结构的把握能力。
相似的话题常有不同的写作结构，请你阅读以下材料，将所给的写作结构图(A－E)与相应的阅读材料(1－5)进行匹配。
A
B
C
D
E
1. Air Jordan(飞人乔丹) shoes are very popular and expensive. The first Air Jordan shoes were made in 1985. The next Air Jordan shoes came out in 1986. These shoes were special for basketball shoes, because they were made in Italy in 1990, which gave them a luxury(奢侈的) feel. Two years later, the third Air Jordan shoes were produced.
2. If you want to make your shoes look new, first, get out a toothbrush and some cleaning oil. Second, spray(喷) the oil on the shoes. Third, wash the dirt off with the toothbrush repeatedly while you are scrubbing(擦). Finally, scrub the shoes with a paper towel or clean cloth. If you did a good job, your shoes should look as nice as when you first got them.
3. If you go to a dance party, you'll need to wear dress shoes. However, wearing dress shoes for a few minutes can be really painful. To solve the problem, you can bring a box of bandaids(创口贴) with you. When your feet hurt, put on those bandaids. The bandaids will create something that will reduce pain.
4. When playing golf and bowling(保龄球), people need to wear special shoes. Golf shoes have sharp metal spikes(鞋钉), while bowling shoes have almost no spikes at all. Both these shoes help players perform. Besides looking silly, golf shoes and bowling shoes do not have soles(鞋底) that are fit for street use.
5. Are you wearing shoes? Why? People wear shoes for many reasons. The first and most important reason is to protect their feet. Shoes keep people from hurting their feet while walking on hard roads. Some people wear special shoes designed to help them play a game. Some people wear expensive shoes to look fashionable. And a lot of other people wear shoes so that their feet won't stink(发臭) up the room.
Passage 7(2020孝感)
选材理由
该篇素材采用拟人的手法，通过茶杯的自述，引导考生树立正确的人生观和价值观，要想破茧成蝶，需要经历很多的磨难；在设题方式上，2题通过文章排序的形式考查考生对细节的理解，4题考查考生的推理判断能力，5题考查考生的概括总结能力。
A couple often went shopping together. They both liked teacups. One day they saw a beautiful teacup in a store. As they picked it up, it suddenly spoke.
“I haven't always been a teacup. Once I was red clay. My master rolled(揉、搓)me over and over and I shouted, but he only smiled.”
“Then I was placed on a rolling wheel and suddenly I went around and around. ‘Stop! ' I cried, but the master only nodded.”
“Then he put me in the oven. I had never felt so hot. I could see him through the opening and I could read his words, ‘Not yet.'”
“Finally the door opened, and he took me out and put me on a shelf. Then he brushed me and put me back into the oven. This time it was twice as hot. I begged. I cried. I could see him through the opening nodding his head, saying，‘Not yet.'”
“Then I knew there wasn't any hope. I was ready to give up, but the door opened and I was taken out and placed on a shelf. Later he handed me a mirror and said, ‘Look at yourself.' I said，‘That can't be me. It's beautiful！'”
“‘I want you to remember，' he said, ‘if I had just left you without rolling, you'd have dried up. If I had stopped rolling you around on the wheel, you would have been out of shape. If I hadn't put you in the oven, you would have broken. If I hadn't brushed you all over, you would not have any color in your life. If I hadn't put you back in that oven for the second time, you wouldn't be kept for very long because the hardness would not have held. Now you are a finished product. You are what I had in mind when I first started with you.'”
1. On the rolling wheel, when the red clay asked him to stop, the master________．
A. stopped rolling it at once B. only smiled
C. shouted at it angrily D. only nodded
2. Which of the following shows the right process of making the teacup?
a. It was put into the oven for the first time.
b. It was put on a rolling wheel and went around.
c. The master took it out and brushed it all over.
d. It was put back into the oven again.
e. The master rolled the red clay over and over.
A. e，c，a，b，d B. e，b，c，a，d C. e，b，a，c，d D. e，c，b，a，d
3. The master brushed the teacup all over to make it become________．
A. hot B. hard C. colorful D. soft
4. From the last paragraph, we can infer that________．
A. the master knew how to make the teacup
B. the master disliked the teacup
C. the teacup will dry up if it is rolled
D. the teacup will be on sale
5. What lesson does the passage mainly teach us?
A. Beautiful look won't be refused by people.
B. Don't give up any chance in front of you.
C. Caring about others makes the world wonderful.
D. Going through hard time can make you better.
类型3 跨学科综合题
编者按：跨学科综合题是在实施新课程标准过程中出现的一类新颖试题，不单纯考查英语知识，而是要求考生综合运用多学科基础背景知识来答题。考生需掌握好初中阶段大纲要求的各科基础知识，以此来拓宽知识面，从而看懂英语表达的多学科知识内容。分析全国中考真题，涉及跨学科综合题的地市有：成都、甘肃省卷、兰州等。这类题对综合能力要求高，是以后全国中考命题的新趋势，考生应多加关注。
Passage 1(2020成都)
选材理由
文章素材以语文诗的解读为背景；设题体现了跨学科综合的特点，1题考查诗的中文名；2题考查诗的节奏；3题考查对诗的理解；4题考查相同写作手法的句子；5题考查诗的主题。题题经典。
This famous poem, with four couplets, was written by Du Fu (712770, Tang Dynasty) when he was living and farming in Chengdu. His farming experience taught him to be thankful to nature.
The very first word, “good”， shows the poet's joy and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it “knows” the proper time to come. Here the poet uses personification, as if the rain were smart enough to come in time for the farmer's busy season.
When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes its task without being known.
In the third couplet, the poet describes a peaceful scene to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It's a sign that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the riverboat makes the dark scene a bit livelier.
Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom(盛开) after the rain.
1. What's the Chinese title of the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night?
A. 《春望》 B. 《春夜喜雨》 C. 《夜雨寄北》
2. Which of the following rhymes are right for this poem?
A. aa－bb－cc－dd B. ab－ab－cd－cd C. ab－cd－ab－cd
3. Which word can be used to describe the rain in this poem?
A. Busy. B. Dark. C. Quiet.
4. Which of the following uses personification?
A. With wind it steals in night.
B. It will fall when comes spring.
C. The town's heavy with blooms(blooming flowers)．
5. What does Du Fu want to show in this poem?
A. He's thankful to nature.
B. He loves and enjoys farming.
C. He expects the flowers to bloom.
类型4 短文填空(适当形式＋盲填)
编者按：高考是中考的指挥棒＋风向标，高考全国卷以适当形式和盲填的形式考查语法知识，同时中考也有很多省市紧跟高考的步伐，如：河北、烟台、淄博、聊城、宁波、衢州、金华、嘉兴、宜宾、南充等，所以短文填空(适当形式＋盲填)是以后全国中考命题的新趋势，值得多加关注。
Passage 1(2020河北)
选材理由
该篇通过温馨的一家人在一起包饺子的事情告诉我们亲情带来的美好；在设题方式上，采用适当形式＋盲填两种结合的形式，考查学生词汇运用的能力。
Mum and I were just going out when it began to rain. We had to stay at home, and I 1. ________ (feel) quite bored. Mum got 2. ________ idea. She suggested teaching me to make dumplings. I thought it could be fun, so I said OK. Mum cut the meat and cabbages into small pieces 3. ________ (quick). Then she showed me
4. ________ to mix them with salt and oil. “Mixing is the most important of all the 5. ________(step)，” she said. I also made some other preparations with her help. When everything was ready, dad came back home
6. ________ his office. Together the three of 7. ________ (we) wrapped(包) the dumplings. At last, we
8. ________ (cook) them. They were so delicious that I ate 9. ________ (many) than twenty. That was the
10. ________ (one) time I learnt to make dumplings. It was enjoyable!
Passage 2(2020宜宾)
选材理由
该篇以疫情为背景，告诉我们在分享消息时，要注意消息的可靠性；在设题形式上，采用适当形式＋盲填两种结合的形式，考查学生词汇运用的能力。
Every day brings new stories and information about COVID19. Some stories 1. ________(be) encouraging, while others bring bad news. How can you know who to turn to? Can you trust 2. ________(they)?
It's important 3. ________(stay) informed in times like these. But while your 4. ________(friend) and family might share information on social media in 5. ________ hopes of helping others, it's common for rumors(谣言) to spread in this way. You might have read stories 6. ________ sound too good to be true. What do you think about them? Would you consider that they might not be quite right?
If you can, try to get news 7. ________ all kinds of sources(来源). Read articles from government news platforms which 8. ________(usual) give timely fact checks. When dealing with such a serious issue, it's important to make your news “diet” just as much and 9. ________(health) as your real diet. Last but not least, think twice before 10. ________(share) information online!
Passage 3(2020南充)
选材理由
该篇是一个幽默故事，通过这个故事我们知道了爱因斯坦的司机的机智；在设题形式上，采用适当形式＋盲填两种结合的形式，考查学生词汇运用的能力。
Albert Einstein is a genius(天才). This story about him shows that he's also humorous.
Einstein often received 1. ________(invite) to explain his ideas at different universities. On these trips, his driver Hans often said to him，“It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.”
One evening, on their way to 2. ________ university, Einstein said，“I'm so tired. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture(讲座) tonight, Hans, but I don't want to make my listeners 3. ________(disappoint)．”
“I know what to do，” said Hans. “I can give the lecture for you. You can trust 4. ________(I). I've listened to your lecture so many times that I've learnt it by heart. No one 5. ________(know) you at this university, so they won't find out.”
So, they changed places. At the university, Hans was 6. ________(lead) to the front of the hall. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture 7. ________ difficulty，and joined in the applause(掌声) at the end.
However, before Hans left, a man shouted, “I'd like 8. ________(ask) you a question.” He then asked a question so difficult that Hans had no idea what he was talking about.
Einstein turned pale. “Oh no！” he thought. “Now we're in trouble.” 9. ________ Hans just laughed and said, “That's such an easy question that even my driver can answer it. Hans, please...” Einstein stood up and answered the question 10. ________(perfect)．
They left the university, with Einstein driving. A little later, Hans offered to drive.“No.”laughed Einstein. “It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Hans.”
中考改革下的全国命题新趋势
类型1 开放性试题
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是随着科技的发展，互联网正在改变学生的学习方式。许多学习应用程序为学习者提供丰富的课程，以满足他们的知识和兴趣水平。本文在引导学生在线学习的同时，说明了技术在不断地更新变化，青少年学生要选择运用适合自己的学习方式。
1. 然而，互联网正在改变学生的学习方式。/... 【解析】句子翻译题。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句时态为现在进行时，定语从句的先行词是way，省略了引导词that，在定语从句中作状语。
2. Because they are interested in public speaking./Because they want to develop their speaking skills./Because it meets their interests./... 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，人们为什么选择TED? 根据TED文本框中的“This free app is a great tool for those who are interested in public speaking.”及“It could be the first choice for many learners to develop their speaking skills.”可推断答案。
3. Working in groups./Discussing in groups./They can work in groups. 【解析】总结归纳题。题干意为：根据学生的看法，正规学校的共同优点是什么？根据喜欢正规学习的学生Amolia及Miya的看法可知，正规学校有一个共同的特点，那就是无论做什么事都可以分组，由此可知答案。
4. He might/could/may be a slow learner in regular school./He might prefer having classes at home./... 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们从迈克尔的话中能推断出关于他的什么信息？根据Michael的话“I'm having classes at home and I make much more progress now than when I went to regular school.”可以推断迈克尔可能是一个学得慢的人或者是更喜欢在家学习。
5. Make a (study) plan./Make plans. I can look up new words in the dictionary./I can search useful information online./... 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为： 请填写图表中的第二步。你还能做些什么来提高在线学习？根据What can you do to improve your online studies？中介绍的第二步“Then, a study plan is needed.”可知第二步是制定学习计划。第二问是开放性试题，考生可根据自身情况进行作答，答案不唯一。
6. I think students don't need to go to school often in the future. Because they can have classes in the cloud classroom at any time./... 【解析】题干意为：你认为未来的学习方法是什么样的？为什么？此题为开放性试题，考生可根据自身情况进行作答，答案不唯一。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在2020年底之前一颗人造月球将会被放置到成都上空。
1. China. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪一个国家准备在2020年底之前在成都上空放置一个人造月球？根据第二段第一句“China is preparing to put a manmade moon in the sky above Chengdu by the end of 2020.”可知答案。
2. He is a space scientist. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Wu Chunfeng是做什么的？根据第二段第三句中“according to Wu Chunfeng, a space scientist”可知答案。
3. Over 380，000 kilometers. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从月球到地球有多远？根据第二段最后一句“That will make it much closer to us than the Moon, which is over 380，000 kilometers away, Wu added.”可知答案。
4. Yes, it will. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果人造月球计划成功了，这会减少路灯的需求吗？根据第三段最后一句“That means its brightness will be seen in most areas in China, so reducing the need for streetlights.”可知答案。
5. Excellent/Amazing. 【解析】开放性试题。题干意为：你认为这个计划怎么样？答案因人而异，只要积极即可。
类型2 创新性试题
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇广告。主要介绍的是梅里登中心新学期的中国语言课程！
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Meriden中心在这学期开设了关于 ________新课程。根据图表中的“Chinese Language Courses！”可知是提供汉语课程。故选D。
2. A 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“skyrocketing”的意思是________。根据“Chinese is the No. 1 spoken language in the world！”说明人数在暴涨。故选A。
3. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们可以从方框里的信息得知________。根据“Another great reason is to give your kids or yourself a seat at the table in a world where China is an important partner.”可以推断出中国是世界上重要的合作伙伴。故选B。
4. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：“自选课程”的好处是你可以自己选择________。根据“Selffit course：studying at your own pace，”介绍“按照自己的节奏学习”可以推断出自选课程可以选择学习的速度。故选B。
5. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：本想在星期二上一门在线课程。他每学期需要付多少钱？根据“Online courses”中的“on workdays$350 per course each term”可知每学期350美元。故选C。
6. C 【解析】句子还原题。题干意为：下列哪一项填入空白处最好？根据广告中的各项信息，可知还缺少联系方式，结合备选项可知C项内容符合语境。故选 C。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过在路边遇到垃圾水瓶而做出不同的选择和年轻人困惑自己何时长大这两个例子，告诉我们应尽最大的努力帮助别人，在帮助别人的同时，别人也会帮助我们。
1. example 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者是怎样展开这篇文章的？根据第一段主要内容可知，作者通过一个生活中的例子，对读者进行发问来展开这篇文章。
2. three/3 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在第二段中有多少种选择？根据第二段中的关键词“Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly”可知，在第二段中作者一共给出了三种选择。
3. helpful/kind/caring/... 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：当你捡起垃圾水瓶并把它们给其他人时，这意味着什么？根据第二段最后一句“You're not only thinking about doing something for the environment, you're also developing yourself to be a person who would think of others and help them.”可知，如果把垃圾瓶给另一个人，这意味着你是一个对别人有帮助的/善良的/热心的人。
4. neighborhood/country/city/... 【解析】名词指代题。题干意为：第二段中划线单词“home”指的是什么？根据第二段第七句“By doing this, you have walked a step further to help make our home clean.”和第二段最后一句“You're not only thinking about doing something for the environment, you're also developing yourself to be a person who would think of others and help them.”可知，把垃圾水瓶捡起来扔进垃圾箱是在保护环境，所以此处的home代指的是我们生活的地方。
5. what to do with waste bottles/the ways of dealing with waste bottles/... 【解析】论证方法题。题干意为：作者怎样支持文章的观点？通过文章第二段的内容可知，作者通过说明我们面对路边的垃圾水瓶所做出的不同选择，给自己和别人带来的不同影响，来论证支持文章的观点。
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拉戈梅拉岛上远距离交流的方式——吹口哨。详细介绍了吹口哨的原因、优点等信息。
1. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：拉戈梅拉岛上的人们如何在远距离进行交流？根据题干中的over a distance可定位至文章第一段。根据第一段的最后一句“But when they need to speak over a distance(距离), they whistle.”，可知当他们相距较远时，他们就会通过吹口哨来进行交流。故选B。
2. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第二段内容我们可以获得关于拉戈梅拉岛的什么信息？根据第二段第三句“It is very mountainous.”可知这是一座多山的小岛，故A项正确；根据第二段第二句“This island is almost shaped like a circle.”可知小岛的外形几乎是一个圆，B项“小岛位于两个圆之间”与文章内容不符；根据第二段第四句“Walking from one place to another may be a slow and difficult job.”可知从小岛上的一个地方到另外一个地方是比较困难的，C项“在那儿旅行很容易”与文章内容不符；D项“在那儿找到工作是困难的。”在第二段中并未提到小岛的就业情况。故选A。
3. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：什么有助于口哨声传得更远？根据第三段第二句“His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless.”可知在没有风的时候，口哨声会传得更远。故选A。
4. C 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者将在最后一段中介绍什么？根据最后一段中“...and many methods of whistling are used...”可知作者接下来会介绍各种吹口哨的方式。故选C。
Passage 4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了垃圾的危害以及中国现在处理垃圾的一些措施：减少回收发达国家的垃圾、垃圾回收利用、鼓励垃圾分类。
1. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者通过________的方式开始这篇文章。根据第一段中“Where does the waste go？”及“But is it a proper way？”可知作者通过提问题的方式开始的这篇文章。故选C。
2. B 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第二段中划线单词“sustainable”的汉语意思是________。根据下文“We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代人)．”可知此处应是指可持续的。故选B。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章，我们知道________。根据最后一段中“More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.”可知垃圾分类在中国越来越流行。故选D。
4. A 【解析】文章结构题。题干意为：文章的结构可能是________。通读全文可知文章主要讲了如何处理垃圾。第一段主要引出后文，询问处理垃圾的方式；第二段介绍了垃圾的危害；第三段主要表明中国已经开始严肃对待垃圾处理，后三段主要介绍了中国处理垃圾的方式。故选A。
Passage 5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种濒临灭绝的花，包括其形状、生长地以及濒临灭绝的原因。
1. A 【解析】句意理解题。题干意为：第一段中划线部分是什么意思？根据第一段第一句“When_spring_is_in_the_air,_everyone looks forward to seeing the beautiful and eyepleasing flowers and plants.”可知，此处指的是春天来临，人们期望看到美丽的花和植物。故选A。
2. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：文章列举了几条lady's slipper濒临灭绝的原因？根据第二段内容可知，列举了人们采摘和难以种植这两方面的原因。故选B。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：以下哪项是花和名字的正确匹配？根据第二段第二句“It looks like a shoe.”可知，lady's slipper长得像鞋；根据第三段第二句“No, they are not a woman's lips(唇)！”可知Hot lips长得像嘴唇；根据第四段第二句“It is famous for its batshaped black flowers.”可知，Black bat flower长得像黑蝙蝠。故选D。
4. A 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：以下哪一项是文章最好的标题？根据文章内容可知主要让我们了解了三种濒临灭绝的赏心悦目的花朵，包括其形状、生长地以及濒临灭绝的原因。故选A。
Passage 6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。分别介绍了飞人乔丹鞋的发展史；让你的鞋看起来焕然一新的方法；怎么解决去参加舞会穿舞鞋脚疼这个问题；保龄球鞋和高尔夫球鞋的特点；人们穿不同鞋的原因及目的。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据第二句中“The first Air Jordan shoes...in 1985.”第三句中“The next Air Jordan shoes...in 1986.”和最后一句中的关键词“Two years later...”可知本段文字以时间顺序介绍了飞人乔丹鞋的发展史，所以A选项Timeline选项符合语境。故选A。
2. B 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据本段关键词“first”，“ Second”，“Third”和“Finally”可知，本文主要分成四个步骤来介绍怎样让你的鞋看起来像新的一样，所以B选项Step by step符合语境。故选B。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据第三句“To solve the problem，you can bring a box of bandaids(创可贴) with you.”可知，本段主要讨论怎样解决穿舞鞋脚疼这个问题，所以D选项Problem→Solution符合语境。故选D。
4. E 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据本段关键词“Golf shoes have...while bowling shoes have...”，“Both these shoes help...”和“golf shoes and bowling shoes do not have...”可知本文主要通过对比高尔夫球鞋和保龄球鞋的相同点和不同点，来介绍这两种鞋各自的特点，所以E选项Compare，Different，Alike符合语境。故选E。
5. C 【解析】细节理解题。通读本段文字，根据本段前三句“Are you wearing shoes? Why? People wear shoes for many reasons.”可知，本段主要介绍人们穿鞋的不同理由和目的。所以C选项符合语境。故选C。
Passage 7
【主旨大意】本文是一则寓言故事。文章以一个茶杯的口吻讲述了它是怎样从一块黏土一步步变成精美的茶杯，告诉我们只有历经磨难，才能变成更好的自己。
1. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在转轴上，当红色黏土请求他停下时，主人________。根据第三段内容可知选D。
2. C 【解析】文章排序题。题干意为：以下哪一项展示了制作茶杯的正确过程？根据文章第二至第五段内容可知，C项的顺序为制作茶杯的正确过程，故选C。
3. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：主人将茶杯全部刷了一遍来使它变得________。根据最后一段第四句“If I hadn't brushed you all over, you would not have any color in your life.”可知这样做是给它刷上颜料，故选C。
4. A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从最后一段我们可以推测出________。由最后一段最后一句“You are what I had in mind when I first started with you.”可知主人知道怎样制作茶杯，故选A。
5. D 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章教给我们什么道理？文章通过黏土一步步变成精致的茶杯的故事告诉我们，只有历经磨难，才能变成更好的自己，故选D。
类型3 跨学科综合题
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我国唐代诗人杜甫的著名诗词《春夜喜雨》并对诗词内容进行了解读。
1. B 【解析】标题翻译题。题干意为：这首诗Happy Rain on a Spring Night的中文标题是什么？根据诗文内容可知中文标题是《春夜喜雨》。故选B。
2. B 【解析】韵脚辨别题。题干意为：下列哪一个押韵适合这首诗？根据这首诗中单词的结尾分别是“ight; ing”和 “ads; ooms”，可知它们是隔行押韵；且有四个韵脚。故选B。
3. C 【解析】语境推断题。题干意为：在这首诗中，哪个词可以用来描述雨？根据诗词内容“Mute, it moistens each thing.”可知可以用“静”来描述雨。故选C。
4. A 【解析】修辞手法判断题。题干意为：下列哪一项使用了拟人的修辞手法？分析可知A项中的steal用了拟人的手法。故选A。
5. A 【解析】写作意图题。题干意为：杜甫想在这首诗中表达什么？根据诗歌的内容，描述了春雨、雨中小巷、船和灯笼等大自然的景象，可知主要表达了诗人对大自然的热爱与感激之情。故选A。
类型4 短文填空(适当形式＋盲填)
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家在一起包饺子的故事，作者不仅学会了包饺子的技能，更重要的是享受到了一家人在一起温馨、幸福的氛围。
1. felt 【解析】句意：我们不得不待在家里，我感到很无聊。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语。结合文章时态可知为一般过去时，故填feel的过去式felt。
2. an 【解析】句意：妈妈想出________办法。分析句子结构，修饰名词idea用形容词性物主代词或冠词，idea以元音音素开头，应用an表示“一个”，故填an。
3. quickly 【解析】句意：妈妈很快把肉和卷心菜切成了小块。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少状语。修饰动词cut应用副词，故填quick的副词quickly。
4. how 【解析】句意：然后她给我展示________把盐和油混合起来。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少方式状语。联系下文混合才是最重要的步骤，可知此处表示妈妈给我展示怎样混合它们，故填how。
5. steps 【解析】句意：混合是所有步骤中最重要的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语。all修饰可数名词复数。故填steps。
6. from 【解析】句意：当一切都准备好了，爸爸________他的办公室回家来了。短语come back from...意为“从……回来”，故填from。
7. us 【解析】句意：我们三个一起包饺子。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语。介词of后跟代词宾格，故填us。
8. cooked 【解析】句意：最后，我们把它们煮熟了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语。结合文章时态可知为一般过去时，故填cooked。
9. more 【解析】句意：它们太好吃了，我吃了二十多个。短语more than意为“多于”，故填more。
10. first 【解析】句意：那是我________学会包饺子。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少定语。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处应用序数词，故填first。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了网上有很多不实的消息，为此我们应该多渠道地得到消息，多从政府官网上获取消息，同时，在分享消息的时候，要注意消息的真实可靠性。
1. are 【解析】句意：一些消息是令人鼓舞的，而另一些则是坏消息。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个系动词，主语为复数，且空后的时态是一般现在时。故填are。
2. them 【解析】句意：你能相信他们吗？分析句子结构可知，空处作的是宾语的成分，故需用they的宾格形式。故填them。
3. to stay 【解析】句意：在这个时代保持消息灵通是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了it's important to do sth.的句式，意为“做某事是很重要的”。故填to stay。
4. friends 【解析】句意：虽然你的朋友和家人可能会在社交媒体上分享信息，希望能帮助他人，但谣言往往会以这种方式传播。根据语境及常识可知，通常一个人的朋友并不止一个，故此处需用其复数形式。故填friends。
5. the 【解析】句意：虽然你的朋友和家人可能会在社交媒体上分享信息，希望能帮助他人，但谣言往往会以这种方式传播。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了in the hopes of的固定搭配，意为“希望”。故填the。
6. that/which 【解析】句意：你可能读过一些听起来太好而不真实的故事。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句。先行词是stories，且在从句中作主语，故需用that或which来引导。故填that/which。
7. from 【解析】句意：如果可以的话，试着从各种来源中获取消息。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个介词。根据句意可知，空处表示“从”，故需用介词from。故填from。
8. usually 【解析】句意：阅读政府新闻平台上的文章，这些平台通常会进行及时的事实核查。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个副词修饰动词give。故填usually。
9. healthy 【解析】句意：在处理这样一个严肃的问题时，让你的新闻“饮食”和真正的饮食一样多、一样健康是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，空处应填一个形容词，且空前的much为形容词原形，故此处需用healthy。故填healthy。
10. sharing 【解析】句意：最后但同样重要的是，在网上分享信息之前要三思！before为介词，空后需跟动名词。故填sharing。
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了经常去大学讲座的爱因斯坦因为过于劳累，让司机替自己做讲座。最后司机被听众的问题难住，巧妙地把爱因斯坦当做自己的司机，邀请爱因斯坦来回答。
1. invitations 【解析】句意：爱因斯坦经常收到在不同大学解释他的想法的________。动词received后须用名词作宾语。根据“at different universities”可知是收到很多邀请，应用名词的复数形式。故填invitations。
2. a 【解析】句意：一个晚上，在他们去________大学的路上，爱因斯坦说，“我非常累……”。根据语境可知此处指一所大学，表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰。空后university为以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
3. disappointed 【解析】句意：我希望我可以躲过今晚的讲座，Hans，但是我不想让我的听众________。“make sb.＋adj.”表示“使某人……”。根据语境可知此处表示“感到失望的”。故填disappointed。
4. me 【解析】句意：你可以相信________。动词trust后缺少宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填me。
5. knows 【解析】句意：在这所大学里没有人________你，所以他们不会发现。此处为引号里司机Hans所说的话，所以时态为一般现在时。主语No one为单数第三人称，故填knows。
6. led 【解析】句意：在大学里，Hans被引导至大厅前。根据句意可知，“Hans”与“lead”之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。空前有was，故填过去分词led。
7. without 【解析】句意：爱因斯坦入座，听着Hans________困难地主持着他的讲座，并在最后跟着鼓掌。根据“joined in the applause(掌声)”可知此处指毫无困难。故填without。
8. to ask 【解析】句意：然而，在Hans离开前，一个男人大喊道，“我想问你一个问题。”“would like to do sth. 想做某事”为固定搭配，故填to ask。
9. But 【解析】句意：________Hans只是笑着说道，“这个问题如此简单，甚至我的司机都会回答。”根据上句“Now we're in trouble.”可知此处表示转折。故填But。注意句首单词首字母应大写。
10. perfectly 【解析】句意：爱因斯坦站起来，________回答了这个问题。此处应填副词，修饰动词answered。故填perfectly。
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