7 非谓语动词-2020-2021学年高中英语语法记忆框架版（精编）

非谓语动词

非谓语动词的定义：因不能单独作谓语, 动词不定式与动词的现在分词形式和动词的过去形式合称为非谓语动词, 可以充当谓语以外的所有成分.非谓语没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
（一） 动词不定式
一. 动词不定式的形式

主动
被动
一般式
(not)to do
(not)to be done
进行式
(not)to be doing
(not)to be being done
完成式
(not)to have done
(not)to have been done
二。不定式所作的成分
1. 作主语 eg: To go abroad is my dream. To be taken abroad is my dream.
不定式短语作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.
句型： It is/was +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. (用of 的adj: rude, cruel, clever, stupid, foolish等)
for sb. (用for的adj: possible, important, necessary, hard等)

It is/was + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
eg:
It’s stupid of you to do such a thing.
It’s impossible for me to finish the work today.
It’s a rule for the students to clean the classroom every day.
2.作宾语
（1)只能接不定式做宾语的动词：hope, wish, expect, desire, pretend, manage, plan, intend, attempt, decide, happen, seem, learn, offer, promise, refuse, seek, would like to, would love to等 eg:
The book seemed to have been translated into English.
I happened to have witnessed the accident.
I hope to be praised by my headteacher one day.
（2)当主句谓动是think, find, believe, make…用不定式做宾语时,又带宾补时, 常把不定式放在宾补后, 用it作形式宾语：
sb. think/ believe/ find/make + it + n./ adj. to do sth.
eg:
I find it interesting to work with him.
He made it clear to go there with her the next day.
注意: 动词不定式在介词but, except, besides后面时, 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么, 这些介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to. 例如:
She could do nothing but cry.
I have no choice but to go. = I don’t have any choice but to go.
3. 作宾语补足语
1). to do作宾补的词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, require, tell, want, warn, wish等。
e.g: I wish you to stay here with me.
2). 在see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, listen to, look at等感官动词和使役动词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to. 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构, 就必须带to. eg:
I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song.
He made the boy play with him every day. The boy was made to play with him every day.
We are listening to him sing a song in class. He is being listened to to sing a song in class.
4. 作定语
1）动词不定式作定语时, 如其所修饰的名词逻辑上既有主谓关系也有动宾关系，当属动宾关系时, 即不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者,而句中主语又是to do的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动表被动，不定式如果是Vi,不定式后面须加相应的介词, 介词由与其搭配的名词来确定. 例如:
The speaker to make a speech here tomorrow is a professor. (主谓关系)
The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. (动宾关系)
I’m looking for something to eat. (sth.与eat动宾关系,I与eat主谓关系，主动表被动)
He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
比较:
You will go to the post office? Have you anything to send? （动宾关系与主谓关系共存-主动表被动）
I’ll go to the post office. Have you anything to be sent?
I’m going to the market. Do you have anything to be bought?
I’m going to the market, for I have a lot of things to buy. （主动表被动）
2). 当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，只用不定式作定语
Who is the first (student) to come to the classroom this morning?
The last one to arrive pays the meal.

牛刀一试。
1. Who will go to the store with me? I have something____.
2. Which of you will go to the store? I have something ____.
3. I’m going to the store . Do you have something____?
A. to buy B. buying C. To be bought D. bought

5.作状语
动词不定式作状语表示目的, 原因, 结果或条件. 例如:
I came here to/in order to/ so as to see you. (目的)
In order not to be caught by the police, he left away from his hometown. (目的)
We were excited to hear the news. (原因)
He was too excited to say anything. (结果)
He was so excited as to say nothing. (结果)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果)
You were wise not to have cheated in the test. (动作已发生，先于主谓动)
The question is difficult to answer. (主动表被动) 人们认为adj.后省略了for one或for people.
He is hard to get along well with. （Vi + 介词）

6. 疑问词+不定式
不定式和疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用, 在句中起名词作用, 可充当主语, 表语, 宾语等，相当与一个名词性从句. eg:
Where to spend our holidays is still unknown. (主语)
He didn’t know what to say. (宾语) = He didn’t know what he should say.
I’m thinking about what to do with the problem.(介宾)
The problem is how to get enough money. （表语）
注意: 在与why连用时, 只用在why或why not开头的简短疑问句中, 后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to.
eg:
Why not have a rest? = Why don’t you have a rest?
比较： What about/ How about (sb.) doing sth.?
eg: What about going out for a walk? / How about Mary going there with us?



三. 不定式的省略
省to 不定式的固定句型
1. had better (not) do… you had better stay at home
2. would rather do ...than do… I’d rather stay at home than go out
3. prefer to do ...rather than do… I’d prefer to die rather than steal
4. cannot but do 不得不…必然… He cannot but agree.
5. cannot help but do ...不得不…
Eg:I could not help but realize that I was wrong我这才意识到我错了。
6. do nothing but do ...\nothing to do but/except do 只能 ，只有
Eg:I had nothing to do but wait there .
7. why (not )do ... Why not ask your teacher for help ?
8. 当主语部分有do ，则表语可省to
Eg:What I want to do is run a school =His wish is to run a school
9. 当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带to 外
其余的不加。
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.
注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加to
To try and fail is better than not to try at all.

不省“to”的情况
(1) 在used to \be going to \mean to \ought to \plan to\try to\would like to \would love to
\hope to \want to下列句子中，to 通常都得留
Eg: He doesn’t get up early, but he used to
---can you work out this maths problem?
---I’ll try to
(2)在 be +adj (如：glad, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready）等，此后保留to
Eg：---Would you like to join us in the game? --- I’d love to
3.在ask, advise, allow, permit, persuade, tell, wish 等词的复合结构中to通常保留
Eg:Do the experiment as your teacher tells you to
4.不定式的否定形式后保留to.
Eg:He wanted to quiz school and I advised him not to
注：to 后若是助动词have 或 be时，必须保留。
Eg:---Sorry, I didn’t finished doing my home work.
---You ought to have
Our school is no longer what it used to be






四. 不定式的时态与语态
1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态。 He wanted to see you
2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态。
When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book
He is said to be writing a novel
3. 强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时
He is said to have written a novel. I’m so glad to have seen you.

不定式被动语态的用法.

一, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态
She asked to be sent to work in Tibet. (宾语)
The book is said to have been translated into English.
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. (主 语)

二.句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态。
1, Give him some book to read \Do you have any clothes to wash ?
“Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid
2, S + be + easy \difficult \hard \pleasant \interesting \exciting \comfortable +to do
This question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach
3, The house is to let \The manager is to blame .\The reason is not far to seek.
4.There be句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同
There is nothing to do now. (we have nothing to do now ) 现在没事干
There is nothing to be done now. (we can do nothing now ) 现在没什么办法
There is nothing to see. (nothing is worth seeing ) 没有东西值得看
There is nothing to be seen. 看不见有什么东西

不定式用被动式的条件1.在句中找不到逻辑主语2.没有形容词修饰时

I felt greatly honoured to be welcomed into the group.
The work is difficult ____.
The work for him ____ is difficult.
The work ____ is difficult.
A. to do B. to be done



动词-ing 的用法
观察和分析以下句子并总结归纳动词-ing 的用法

1. What kind of plant would you like to try growing?
2. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
3. He saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
4. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
5. Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
6. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
7. He doesn’t care about being famous.
8. He enjoys listening to violin music.
9. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
10. Just dreaming for things, however, cost nothing.
11. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
12. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
13. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.
14. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary every day task.
15. No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
16. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick.
17. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.
18. He grew more and more popular as his charming character.
19. Yesterday, another students and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.
20. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
21. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.
22. Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand.
23. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.


一.概述

动词-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)。所有行为动词都有-ing形式。情态动词和助动词（除be，have外）没有-ing形式。
意义相当于于一个名词：在句中像名词那样可以充当主语、宾语、或表语。还可以作定语。
动名词
动词的特征：有自己的宾语，自己的时态和语态变化，还可以保留自己的逻辑主语。
语态：表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，the rising sun
现在分词
时态：表示进行(短暂性，正在发生)的动作；falling leaves; a sleeping child
还表示一般（持久性）的动作，a promising young man; an understanding man

二. 动词-ing形式的时态与语态

 
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written

（1）动词的-ing形式时态

一般式：一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。I saw them playing under a big tree.
We met an accident, causing the delay.

完成时：完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.

（2）动词的-ing形式的语态

动词的-ing形式有主动和被动两种形式，主动式通常表示它的逻辑主语是其动作的执行者；被动式通常表示逻辑主语是动作的承受者时。
①主动语态: His often coming late made his boss very angry.
Walking in the street yesterday afternoon, he came across Mr. Smith.

②被动语态: I noticed the boy being beaten by his mother
Having been cheated many times, she now believes in nobody.
在形容词worth之后的动名词: The film is well worth reading.
③动词的-ing形式 在动词want, need, require后跟动名词的主动形式:
主动式表被动含义 The room requires cleaning. =The room requires to be cleaned.
三. 动词-ing形式的否定式

动词-ing形式的否定是在动名词前加not。
I'm sorry for not finishing my task on time.
Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

四. 动词-ing形式（动名词）的复合结构

名词所有格
+ 动词-ing
形容词性物主代词
Our studying English well is very important
主语 His coming made us happy.
Huang Hong’s having learned English well helps her find a good job.

I dislike his/him playing the piano in the room.
I dislike Zhang Li’s / Zhang Li playing the piano in the room.
宾语 Can you imagine their team winning the game?
He was awakened by someone knocking on the door.

总结归纳：
1. 动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，最好用所有格形式。
2. .动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时，用普通格或所有格均可。
3.当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普通格。
4.当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词（someone, anyone, everyone等）时，用普通格。

五．动词-ing形式的作用

Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
句首 Writing headlines in English is not an easy job.

主语 no use
no good
It’s useless + doing
句末 a waste of time
hard work
there is no point/use/good (in) doing sth.




1.在动词后作宾语：They are considering buying the house before the prices go up.
常见接动名词的动词(admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, encourage, enjoy, escape, feel like, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t stand等 )

2.在介词后作宾语：I’m sorry for having kept you waiting so long.
to为介词短语： look forward to, object to, be/ get used to, prefer doing to doing, be devoted to, adapt to, apply to, pay attention to, stick to 等。
difficulty
trouble
宾语 problems (in) doing sth.
1.have (a lot of) fun
(lots of) pleasure
a hard / difficult /good time
3. 在特定的句型中作宾语
2. “情不自禁” can’t help doing sth.
3. sth. be worth doing = be worthy of being done
4. spend time (in) doing
succeed in doing
be busy doing

4.后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词：：like 喜欢 / love 喜欢 / hate 憎恨/prefer 宁可 / begin 开始 / start 开始 / continue 继续 /can’t bear 不能忍受 / bother 麻烦 / intend 想要 / attempt 试图
remember to do something 记着去做某事（现在还没有做
remember doing something 记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事）
try to do something 努力、尽力做某事
5.既接不定式也可以 try doing something 试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果
接动词-ing形式（动名词） stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事）
作宾语且在意义有 stop doing something 停止做某事（停止正在做的事）
很大差别的动词 regret to do something 对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜
regret doing something 对已经做过的事感到后悔
mean to do something 打算,想，意图…
mean doing something 意味着
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

动名词作表语，补充说明句子主语的具体内容。His hobby is collecting stamps.
表语
现在分词作表语说明主语的性质或特征。The film is very moving and exciting.

动名词： a sleeping car/ bag, a drinking cup, a dancing hall, a dining room, a cooking pot, a washing machine, an operating table
前置定语
现在分词：a sleeping boy, a drinking horse, a dancing girl, a moving story, a terrifying sound, an inspiring leader, a smiling face, a puzzling problem.
定语
后置定语 they live in a room facing the south.
The question being discussed (延续性的及物动词) is very important.

感官动词: find，feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，smell，watch
His father saw him sitting on some eggs
补足语 The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.

使役动词：get, have, leave, keep等。She had the light burning all night long

Having finished their work, they had a rest. 时间
Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher for help. 原因
Turning to the right (=If you turn to the right), you will find a path leading to his cottage. 条件
She died, leaving nothing but debts. 结果
Admitting what she said (Although I admitted what she said, I still think she hasn’t tried her best.
状语 She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.= She sat at the desk and read a newspaper. 伴随
“Can’t you read?” Mary said, angrily pointing to the notice. = Mary angrily pointed to the notice and said “Can’t you read?” 方式
There being nothing to do, we played games.
约定俗成的固定结构：generally / frankly (honesty ) / exactly(properly)/ speaking 一般/坦白/确切/严格来说 judging by / from …从……判断 considering that…考虑到…… supposing that…假设…… seeing that…因为；鉴于；由于……
Judging from his accent, he is from the south.

动词的-ing形式作状语时，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作，或者说明整个句子所表达的概念，其逻辑主语通常应与句子的主语一致，即句子的主语就是动词的-ing形式这一动作的执行者。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句尾，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用。

六．与现在进行时对比
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.

动词-ed形式
动词加-ed只有一种形式，在句中可作：表，定，状，宾补，不可作主语和宾语。
1. 过去分词作表语一般用来表示被动、完成或感受或状态
The cup is broken.
We were very interested in the novel she gave us yesterday.
此类情感动词：delight, disappoint, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, puzzle, exhaust, satisfy, surprise, scare, please, tire, move, shock, astonish等.
eg: He is disappointed. / The doctor was surprised at the news.
He is disappointing./ The news was surprising.
2. 过去分词可以作宾语补足语, 通常用于下列两类动词后:
感官动词: think, hear, feel, see, watch等. I have never heard this song sung in English.
注意变被动句：This song has never been heard sung in English.
使役动词: get, have, make, help等. He made it known to everyone that he was right

3. 过去分词作定语:
前定: the risen sun, fallen leaves, boiled water（不及物动词，表主动，已完成）
a broken cup, a locked car, a painted wall（及物动词，表被动）
后定, 相当于一个定从. The meeting held yesterday is about air pollution.
4. 过去分词作状语,修饰主句的谓动, 相当与状从, 表时间, 原因, 条件,伴随状况等.
Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion.(时间)
Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word.（原因）=Having been criticized
Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well.（条件）
He stood there, fascinated by the singing.（伴随）



（四）不同的非谓动作相同句子成分的区别
Fishing is his hobby. (经常性)
作主语： To study abroad is his dream.（具体一次性）

My dream is to travel around the world. （解释主语）
My job is cleaning the streets every day. （解释主语）
作表语： My job is boring. （描述主语）
My cup is broken.（被动）
He is interesting.（主语令人…）
He is excited. （主语感到…）

I plan to spend my holidays at home.
作宾语： He didn’t mind being laughed at.
He meant to go shopping with her.

I want to drink some boiled water. （不及物动词，不表被动，仅表完成）
作定语： He is sitting in the waiting room. (表用途)
The professor to give us a speech is from America. （主动，未发生）
The man to be taken to hospital is badly ill.（被动，未发生）
The man giving us a speech now is very handsome.（主动，正发生）
The man being talked about now is a manager.（被动，正发生）
The meeting held yesterday is interesting.（被动，已发生）
The first to finish the task was praised. (被修饰词为序数词)

I asked her to go there with me.
I don’t allow my room to be painted red.
作宾补： I had him wash my clothes every day.
I had my clothes washed every day.
He had his machine working all day long.
He made his machine working all day long.（错）









In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.
He got up early to/in order to/ so as to catch the first bus.
He was too excited to say anything.
He was so excited as to cry.
He hurried there, only to find nobody was there.
Looking at the cat, he smiled.
He lay in the bed, reading a novel.
作状语： Having finished the work, he went back home.
Being questioned by the police, he cried.
Having been hit by the car, he was badly injured.=Hit by the car, he was …
Seen from the hill, the city looks smaller.
Surprised/ Disappointed/ Scared, he left there at once. (情感动词)
When asked by the police, he admitted all he did.
When watching TV, he fell asleep.
另：连词if, once, unless, until, when, while, as, although…+ doing（主动）/done(被动) +主句
before, after + doing(主动) /being done(被动)
eg:
Once seeing the girl, you will fall in love with her at first sight.
Once begun, the project can’t be changed.
After being questioned by the police, the man was put into prison.
The result of the exam is better than expected.

（五）几个特殊动词seat, devote, dress, lose …的谓动与非谓动的用法
He seated himself/ his wife next to me.
He was seated next to me./Be seated please!
区别：He sat next to me.

He devoted himself/ all his life/ all his time to teaching.
谓动 He/ All his life/ All his energy was devoted to teaching.

He dressed himself/ his son in a sweater.
He was dressed in a sweater.
区别: He was wearing a sweater./ He put on a raincoat, and then went out.

He lost himself in playing computer games. /He was lost in playing … games.





Seated next to me, he was reading a newspaper.
Seating himself next to me, he began to read a novel.
Sitting next to me, he was reading a newspaper.
Devoted to teaching, he broke down.
Devoting himself to teaching, he almost had no time to stay with his family.
状语： Dressed in a sweater, he looked handsome today.
Dressing himself in a sweater, he smiled.
非谓动
Wearing a sweater, he looked handsome today.
Lost in deep thought, he almost ran into a car.

I saw him seated (seating himself )near the window.
宾补 I saw him sitting near the window.

The girl dressed in a red skirt over there is my best friend.
定语 The girl wearing a red skirt over there is my best friend.

do sth. 要某人做某事 =make sb. do sth.
=get sb. to do sth.
sb. to do 有做某事的某人
doing 听任某人做某事
have
done
to be done 找别人去做（动作未发生）
sth. to do 有某事要做
doing 听任某物做…
done 找人做某事（表示主语要做某 事，但由他人来完成，句中宾语为过去分词的宾语）

I have 3 people to help me with the work.
I will have some letters to be posted.
I have a lot of homework to do.
I often have Tom clean the room for me.
My mother won’t have us playing computer games.
He always has his radio working when sleeping.
My car is broken, I have to have it repaired.
I will have tom beaten if he keeps doing like that.
Mother had me scolded by father.



sb. do sth.
make done
oneself done
sth. done

He made me repeat it.→ I was made to repeat it.
Nothing can make me chang my mind.
You should apologize to him, or he make you beaten.
I raise my voice to make myself heard.
You should make your views known.
注意：没有make sb. / sth. doing

to do sth.
sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事
done. = have sb. done
get done
sth. doing
to do 找点事做
I get him to help me.
He tried to get me interested in him.
I must get my hair cut.
I get nothing to do now. I am free.

doing sth.让某人一直做某事/处于某种状态
sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave undone 留下某事未做
sth. to be done 留下某事要做

Don’t leave the water running the whole morning.
He left me waiting outside in the rain.
He is a good student. he never leaves his homework unfinished.
He was anxious to go out, leaving the dishes to be washed.

catch sb. doing sth.
find sb./sth. doing = sb. / sth. be found doing sth.
done
let sb. do sth.
sth. done
Don’t let children go swimming in the river alone.
Let the room cleaned at once.
Let the work done immediately.
牛刀一试
1.____ the work on time, or you will be scolded.
____ the work on time, they went home happily.
____ on time, the work was well done.
______ the work on time, they have to work 12 hours a day now.
_______on time, the work needs more people.

2.__ his mother, the boy ran to her immediately.
__from distance, the boy looks like a girl.
__ his mother, the boy climbed up on the wall and looked around.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see

3.___the good news, they all jumped with joy.
A. Hear B. Heard C. Hearing D. To hear
___ to a tree, the boy is crying loudly.
A. Tie B. Tied C. Tying D. Being tied
___ only in one day , his new book is popular with young people.
A. Sell B. Sold C. Selling D. Being sold

4.___ college next year, he is working very hard.
___ college next year or it will be hard for you to find a job.
___ college this autumn, he is working even harder than before.
___ by more and more excellent students, the college becomes famous.
A. Enter B. Entering C. Entered D. To enter

Finishing
Having finished his homework, the boy ran out to play.
Doing
Having done

doing 表示动作可发生于谓语动作之前，也可表示分词与谓语动作同时发生， having done则强调分词动作完成或于谓语动作之前。
终止性动作的doing 和having done 都表示发生在谓语动作之前，所以都可以用，但延续性动词的doing可表示发生在谓语动词之前，也可表示同时进行，所以若所需的动词发生在谓语之前，用having done 形式。

Dressing quickly, he went out.
Dressed in a yellow skirt, the baby looks so cute.
be dressed in , be devoted to , be lost in thought, be faced with, be filled with,
be well-known for/as/to等作状语时，前无be.