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12.虚拟语气 课件-【百强校】新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习
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这是一份12.虚拟语气 课件-【百强校】新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习，共35页。PPT课件主要包含了本节内容概述，从句中的虚拟语气，巩固练习，本节内容小结等内容，欢迎下载使用。
□从句中的虚拟语气□简单句及习惯表达中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中的应用，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用1. 虚拟语气即表达不可能发生或与预期相反的情况。首先我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在、过去和将来。
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用三种对应时态的基本形式如下表：
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用观察以下例句： If I were a bird, I wuld fly t yu. If it were nt fr their help, we shuld be in a very difficult psitin. If we had started earlier, we shuld nt have missed the train. If she hadn’t been ill, she might have cme. If Prfessr Li shuld have time tmrrw, we culd ask him sme questins. If there shuld be n air, there wuld be n living things.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用2. 在书面语中，如果条件从句中含有动词were, had 或 shuld，可省略 if，而把 were/had/shuld 移至主语之前。例如： Were it t snw tmrrw, they wuld nt g ut. Had she taken ur advice, she wuldn't have made such a mistake. Shuld he hear f yur marriage, he wuld be surprised.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用3. 虚拟条件句也可以用介词短语（but fr, withut, therwise 等引导）、动词不定式或通过上下文等来表示，语法上称之为“含蓄条件句”。例如： In that case, yu'd hava a huse n fire! We culd have dne better under mre favurable cnditin. In the absense f mathematics, science wuld nt exist. But fr yur help, we culdn't have finished the wrk in time. She was busy at that time, r she wuld have cme and helped with the cking.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用4. 错综时间条件句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如： If I were yu, I wuld have taken his advice. If I had taken my raincat with me this mrning, I wuldn't be wet nw. If we hadn't been wrking hard in the past, things wuldn't be ging smthly. If the weather had been mre favrable, the crps wuld be grwing still better. If we hadn't gt everything ready by nw, we shuld be having a mre terrible time tmrrw.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用5. 虚拟条件句有时可以省略条件从句或结果主句。例如： The gift t him wuld have filled a raiway car.（省略了 If they have been put int a railway car 或类似条件从句） If I culd nly see him nce! If nly I knew mre! If nly I hadn't lst it!
省略了 it culd be better 之类的主句
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用6. 虚拟条件句的主句和从句中，还可用情态动词的过去式 culd, might, shuld, wuld + 动词原形，它们除表示虚拟意义外，还兼有情态动词的意义“能够”、“可能”、“愿意，决心”。例如： If yu tried again, yu might succeed. If yu were a bird, yu culd fly.7. 虚拟条件句中的主句，除了用 if 引导外，还可用 suppse, suppsing, unless 引导。例如： He wuldn't d it unless yu rdered him t. Suppse/Suppsing yur friends knew hw yu're behaving here, what wuld they think?
二.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用虚拟语气引出的主语从句，表示说话人的愿望、态度、感情等。常见句型为：It is imprtant/necessary/strange/natural/apprpriate/desirable/preferable/ridiculus/urgent/vital that ..., It is a pity/a shame/n wnder that ..., It is suggested/rdered/desired/requested/decided that ... 。 例如： It is imprtant that everyne (shuld) keep the law. It was a pity that he shuld be s prud. It was decided that they leave the fllwing week.* 如果这类句子仅是陈述事实，也可用陈述语气。例如： It is strange that he didn't cme yesterday. It is a pity that yu can't swim.
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用1. 动词 wish 后的宾语从句，表示同事实相反的或不太大可能实现的愿望。引导宾语从句的 that 常省略。其形式如下：A. 动词过去式：表示与当时事实相反的愿望。B. had + 过去分词：表示与过去事实相反的愿望。C. might/culd + 动词原形：表示尚有可能实现的愿望。D. wuld + 动词原形：多表示主语愿望他人做某事而又希望不大，或带有懊恼情绪。I wish yu wuldn't talk s much. 译：我真不愿意你这样多话。
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用2. 动词 advise, cmmand, demand, desire, insist, mve（提议）, rder, prpse, recmmend, request, require, urge, suggest 等后的宾语从句表示愿望、劝告、建议、请求、命令等尚未实现的事。其形式是“(shuld) + 动词原形”。例如： I suggest that we (shuld) help the ld man. They insisted that we (shuld) discuss the matter in the meeting. The fficer rdered that the men (shuld) fire the guns.
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用2. * insist 表示“坚持”、“坚决认为”已存在的事，suggest 表示“表明（某一事实）”、“暗示”时，后跟从句时用陈述语气。例如： The yung man insisted that he had dne nthing wrng and insisted that he shuld be set free. Her expressin suggested that she was very angry.
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用2. ** ask 作“要求、请求”讲，后跟从句时，从句中谓语也多用虚拟语气。例如： I ask that he leave. I asked that I (shuld) be allwed t see her.同样地，beg 作“请求、恳求”讲时，用法类似。
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用3. wuld rather/had better 后的从句中也有类似用法，后面所接从句里的动词用过去式，表示现在或将来。如果想指过去，就必须用过去完成时。例如： I wuld rather yu psted the letter right away.（表示现在） I wuld rather yu came tmrrw than tday.（表示将来） I wuld rather we had finished the wrk.（表示过去）
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用4. prefer 后面所接从句中动词用过去式或“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： I prefer that yu didn't stay（= I prefer yu nt t stay）there t lng. I prefer that she shuld wake him up.5. 在 be anxius/eager/keen 之后的 that 从句中，常使用“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： The president is eager that the prject (shuld) be started early.
四.虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用这种用法的主语通常是表示愿望、建议、命令的抽象名词，如 decisin, idea, plan, prpsal, rder, request, requirement, suggestin 等。其形式为：“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： There decisin is that the meeting (shuld) be put ff. His idea was that we (shuld) have a rest. My suggestin is that she (shuld) be brave.
五.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用这种用法常用于可构成同位语从句的名词之后，如 idea, plan, suggestin, prpsal 等。其形式是“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： They all agreed t my suggestin that we (shuld) g t the Great Wall. What d yu think f ur plan that we (shuld) study Japanese.
六.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用1. 用在 s that, in rder that 引导的目的状语从句中。其形式为“may/might/shuld/culd 等 + 动词原形”。例如： I live s that thers may live better. She tk a texi s that she culd get there in time.* in case 表示“以防，免得”，fr fear f 表示“生怕，以防，以免”时，其后的从句也用虚拟语气，但 in case 后的从句也可用陈述语句。前者用 shuld + 动词原形，后者用 may/might/shuld/culd 等 + 动词原形。例如： Be quiet in case yu (shuld) wake up the baby. She wrried fr fear that the child wuld be hurt. Shut the windw fr fear (that) it may rain.
六.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用2. 用在 as if, as thugh 引导的方式或比较状语从句中，表示同某种假设情况作比较。其形式分为两种，分别为： A. 动词过去式：表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生。 B. had + 过去分词：表示从句动作发生在主句之前。例如： It seems as if it were spring already. The new students talked as thugh they had been friends fr years.* 在口语中，as if/thugh 以引导的从句多用陈述语气，表示说话人认为该情况是事实或实现的可能性很大。特别是在 It lks as if ... 句型中，常用陈述语气。例如： It lks as if it is ging t rain.
六.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用3. even if/thugh, whether ... r ... 引导的让步状语从句在从句和主句中大多用陈述语气。但在强调情况的很少可能时，也可用虚拟语气。例如： I shuld have bught the PSP even if/thugh the price had been reduced.* 以 whatever, whever, whichever, hwever, whenever, n matter wh/when/ hw/which/what 以及 whether ... r ... 引导的让步状语从句中，可用动词原形表示虚拟语气，主句用陈述语气。例如： Whatever be the cnsequence f my experiment, I judge with my eyes. (Whether) She be friend r enemy, the law ragards her as a criminal.
七.虚拟语气在定语从句中的使用这类定语从句常位于 It is time 或 It is high time 之后，由 that 引导（通常省略）。其形式分为两种，分别为： A. 过去式：It is high time that I were/shuld be ff nw. B. shuld + 动词原形：It is high time that she shuld cme(= she came) back.
简单句及习惯表达中的虚拟语气
一.虚拟语气在简单句中的使用虚拟语气在表示祝愿、诅咒的简单句中，动词常用以下两种形式：1. 动词原形（祝愿或诅咒）。例如： Lng live the cuntry! Gd speed yu! Devil take him! Gd frbid! Gd damn yu! Gd bless yu!2. May + 主语 + 助词。例如： May yu be happy! May yu succeed! May the friendship betweem ur tw peples last frever!
二.虚拟语气在习惯表达中的使用虚拟语气用于习惯表达，表示客气、礼貌、建议或语气委婉。其形式是：“shuld/wuld/culd/might/had better + 动词原形”。例如： I shuld think that yu are wrng. Shuld yu like tea? 你喜欢喝茶吗？ Wuld yu mind my smking? Wuld yu like sme bananas? I wuld rather nt tell yu. Culd yu cme and see me tmrrw? Might I ask yur name? Yu had better g and lk fr him nw.
1. Yu are late. If yu _____ a few minutes earlier, yu _____ him.A. cme; wuld meet B. had cme; wuld have metC. cme; will meetD. had cme; wuld meet
2. It is imprtant that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spkeC. will speakD. t speak
3. I wish that I _____ with yu last night.A. went B. culd gC. have gne D. culd have gne
4. He’s wrking hard fr fear that he _____.A. shuld fall behind B. fell behindC. may fall behind D. wuld fallen behind
5. 翻译：（1）要不是昨天他们的及时援助，我们现在恐怕还在废墟下挣扎呢。 If it hadn't been fr their timely assistance yesterday, we wuld be struggling under the ruins nw.（2）幸运的是，他提前做了准备，否则如今我们必然手足无措。 It is frtunate that he had prepared well, therwise we wuld be at a lss at this time.
从句中的虚拟语气简单句及习惯表达中的虚拟语气
□从句中的虚拟语气□简单句及习惯表达中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中的应用，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用1. 虚拟语气即表达不可能发生或与预期相反的情况。首先我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在、过去和将来。
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用三种对应时态的基本形式如下表：
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用观察以下例句： If I were a bird, I wuld fly t yu. If it were nt fr their help, we shuld be in a very difficult psitin. If we had started earlier, we shuld nt have missed the train. If she hadn’t been ill, she might have cme. If Prfessr Li shuld have time tmrrw, we culd ask him sme questins. If there shuld be n air, there wuld be n living things.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用2. 在书面语中，如果条件从句中含有动词were, had 或 shuld，可省略 if，而把 were/had/shuld 移至主语之前。例如： Were it t snw tmrrw, they wuld nt g ut. Had she taken ur advice, she wuldn't have made such a mistake. Shuld he hear f yur marriage, he wuld be surprised.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用3. 虚拟条件句也可以用介词短语（but fr, withut, therwise 等引导）、动词不定式或通过上下文等来表示，语法上称之为“含蓄条件句”。例如： In that case, yu'd hava a huse n fire! We culd have dne better under mre favurable cnditin. In the absense f mathematics, science wuld nt exist. But fr yur help, we culdn't have finished the wrk in time. She was busy at that time, r she wuld have cme and helped with the cking.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用4. 错综时间条件句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如： If I were yu, I wuld have taken his advice. If I had taken my raincat with me this mrning, I wuldn't be wet nw. If we hadn't been wrking hard in the past, things wuldn't be ging smthly. If the weather had been mre favrable, the crps wuld be grwing still better. If we hadn't gt everything ready by nw, we shuld be having a mre terrible time tmrrw.
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用5. 虚拟条件句有时可以省略条件从句或结果主句。例如： The gift t him wuld have filled a raiway car.（省略了 If they have been put int a railway car 或类似条件从句） If I culd nly see him nce! If nly I knew mre! If nly I hadn't lst it!
省略了 it culd be better 之类的主句
一.虚拟语气在条件句中的使用6. 虚拟条件句的主句和从句中，还可用情态动词的过去式 culd, might, shuld, wuld + 动词原形，它们除表示虚拟意义外，还兼有情态动词的意义“能够”、“可能”、“愿意，决心”。例如： If yu tried again, yu might succeed. If yu were a bird, yu culd fly.7. 虚拟条件句中的主句，除了用 if 引导外，还可用 suppse, suppsing, unless 引导。例如： He wuldn't d it unless yu rdered him t. Suppse/Suppsing yur friends knew hw yu're behaving here, what wuld they think?
二.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用虚拟语气引出的主语从句，表示说话人的愿望、态度、感情等。常见句型为：It is imprtant/necessary/strange/natural/apprpriate/desirable/preferable/ridiculus/urgent/vital that ..., It is a pity/a shame/n wnder that ..., It is suggested/rdered/desired/requested/decided that ... 。 例如： It is imprtant that everyne (shuld) keep the law. It was a pity that he shuld be s prud. It was decided that they leave the fllwing week.* 如果这类句子仅是陈述事实，也可用陈述语气。例如： It is strange that he didn't cme yesterday. It is a pity that yu can't swim.
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用1. 动词 wish 后的宾语从句，表示同事实相反的或不太大可能实现的愿望。引导宾语从句的 that 常省略。其形式如下：A. 动词过去式：表示与当时事实相反的愿望。B. had + 过去分词：表示与过去事实相反的愿望。C. might/culd + 动词原形：表示尚有可能实现的愿望。D. wuld + 动词原形：多表示主语愿望他人做某事而又希望不大，或带有懊恼情绪。I wish yu wuldn't talk s much. 译：我真不愿意你这样多话。
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用2. 动词 advise, cmmand, demand, desire, insist, mve（提议）, rder, prpse, recmmend, request, require, urge, suggest 等后的宾语从句表示愿望、劝告、建议、请求、命令等尚未实现的事。其形式是“(shuld) + 动词原形”。例如： I suggest that we (shuld) help the ld man. They insisted that we (shuld) discuss the matter in the meeting. The fficer rdered that the men (shuld) fire the guns.
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用2. * insist 表示“坚持”、“坚决认为”已存在的事，suggest 表示“表明（某一事实）”、“暗示”时，后跟从句时用陈述语气。例如： The yung man insisted that he had dne nthing wrng and insisted that he shuld be set free. Her expressin suggested that she was very angry.
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用2. ** ask 作“要求、请求”讲，后跟从句时，从句中谓语也多用虚拟语气。例如： I ask that he leave. I asked that I (shuld) be allwed t see her.同样地，beg 作“请求、恳求”讲时，用法类似。
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用3. wuld rather/had better 后的从句中也有类似用法，后面所接从句里的动词用过去式，表示现在或将来。如果想指过去，就必须用过去完成时。例如： I wuld rather yu psted the letter right away.（表示现在） I wuld rather yu came tmrrw than tday.（表示将来） I wuld rather we had finished the wrk.（表示过去）
三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用4. prefer 后面所接从句中动词用过去式或“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： I prefer that yu didn't stay（= I prefer yu nt t stay）there t lng. I prefer that she shuld wake him up.5. 在 be anxius/eager/keen 之后的 that 从句中，常使用“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： The president is eager that the prject (shuld) be started early.
四.虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用这种用法的主语通常是表示愿望、建议、命令的抽象名词，如 decisin, idea, plan, prpsal, rder, request, requirement, suggestin 等。其形式为：“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： There decisin is that the meeting (shuld) be put ff. His idea was that we (shuld) have a rest. My suggestin is that she (shuld) be brave.
五.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用这种用法常用于可构成同位语从句的名词之后，如 idea, plan, suggestin, prpsal 等。其形式是“shuld + 动词原形”。例如： They all agreed t my suggestin that we (shuld) g t the Great Wall. What d yu think f ur plan that we (shuld) study Japanese.
六.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用1. 用在 s that, in rder that 引导的目的状语从句中。其形式为“may/might/shuld/culd 等 + 动词原形”。例如： I live s that thers may live better. She tk a texi s that she culd get there in time.* in case 表示“以防，免得”，fr fear f 表示“生怕，以防，以免”时，其后的从句也用虚拟语气，但 in case 后的从句也可用陈述语句。前者用 shuld + 动词原形，后者用 may/might/shuld/culd 等 + 动词原形。例如： Be quiet in case yu (shuld) wake up the baby. She wrried fr fear that the child wuld be hurt. Shut the windw fr fear (that) it may rain.
六.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用2. 用在 as if, as thugh 引导的方式或比较状语从句中，表示同某种假设情况作比较。其形式分为两种，分别为： A. 动词过去式：表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生。 B. had + 过去分词：表示从句动作发生在主句之前。例如： It seems as if it were spring already. The new students talked as thugh they had been friends fr years.* 在口语中，as if/thugh 以引导的从句多用陈述语气，表示说话人认为该情况是事实或实现的可能性很大。特别是在 It lks as if ... 句型中，常用陈述语气。例如： It lks as if it is ging t rain.
六.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用3. even if/thugh, whether ... r ... 引导的让步状语从句在从句和主句中大多用陈述语气。但在强调情况的很少可能时，也可用虚拟语气。例如： I shuld have bught the PSP even if/thugh the price had been reduced.* 以 whatever, whever, whichever, hwever, whenever, n matter wh/when/ hw/which/what 以及 whether ... r ... 引导的让步状语从句中，可用动词原形表示虚拟语气，主句用陈述语气。例如： Whatever be the cnsequence f my experiment, I judge with my eyes. (Whether) She be friend r enemy, the law ragards her as a criminal.
七.虚拟语气在定语从句中的使用这类定语从句常位于 It is time 或 It is high time 之后，由 that 引导（通常省略）。其形式分为两种，分别为： A. 过去式：It is high time that I were/shuld be ff nw. B. shuld + 动词原形：It is high time that she shuld cme(= she came) back.
简单句及习惯表达中的虚拟语气
一.虚拟语气在简单句中的使用虚拟语气在表示祝愿、诅咒的简单句中，动词常用以下两种形式：1. 动词原形（祝愿或诅咒）。例如： Lng live the cuntry! Gd speed yu! Devil take him! Gd frbid! Gd damn yu! Gd bless yu!2. May + 主语 + 助词。例如： May yu be happy! May yu succeed! May the friendship betweem ur tw peples last frever!
二.虚拟语气在习惯表达中的使用虚拟语气用于习惯表达，表示客气、礼貌、建议或语气委婉。其形式是：“shuld/wuld/culd/might/had better + 动词原形”。例如： I shuld think that yu are wrng. Shuld yu like tea? 你喜欢喝茶吗？ Wuld yu mind my smking? Wuld yu like sme bananas? I wuld rather nt tell yu. Culd yu cme and see me tmrrw? Might I ask yur name? Yu had better g and lk fr him nw.
1. Yu are late. If yu _____ a few minutes earlier, yu _____ him.A. cme; wuld meet B. had cme; wuld have metC. cme; will meetD. had cme; wuld meet
2. It is imprtant that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spkeC. will speakD. t speak
3. I wish that I _____ with yu last night.A. went B. culd gC. have gne D. culd have gne
4. He’s wrking hard fr fear that he _____.A. shuld fall behind B. fell behindC. may fall behind D. wuld fallen behind
5. 翻译：（1）要不是昨天他们的及时援助，我们现在恐怕还在废墟下挣扎呢。 If it hadn't been fr their timely assistance yesterday, we wuld be struggling under the ruins nw.（2）幸运的是，他提前做了准备，否则如今我们必然手足无措。 It is frtunate that he had prepared well, therwise we wuld be at a lss at this time.
从句中的虚拟语气简单句及习惯表达中的虚拟语气
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