2022高考英语法专项之动词及动词短语课件PPT

这是一份2022高考英语法专项之动词及动词短语课件PPT，共50页。PPT课件主要包含了学习目标，动词概况，实义动词，连系动词，延续性动词，助动词，情态动词，情态动词的短语，动词短语，常考动词短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

了解动词分类，掌握实义动词，助动词，情态动词的用法及功能熟练运用动词及动词短语组合完整句子提升阅读，语法填空及改错能力
英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语，实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。对于动词和动词短语主要考察动词词义辨析，动词的用法和搭配，一词多义及在具体语境中正确使用动词。动词在英语中是一个很重要的考察部分，时态、语态、数都会涉及到动词的变位，所以有必要把动词理清楚！
在句子结构中，动词是一个不可或缺的重要成分，它通常以单词或短语的形式作为位于的中心成分，连同宾语，表语，状语一起表述主语的性质和特质。He calls her every day.He is calling her.He have finished his wrk.The prject has been finished.
判断：哪组可以做谓语呢？
定义：实义动词表示行为、动作。在句中是动词，常常做谓语，按照其是否接补足成分，什么样的补足成分，可分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词。①Excessive speed played a rle in seven f the accidents.（动词+宾语）超速是造成其中七起交通事故的原因。I gave him sme advice and tld him we wuld supprt him cmpletely.（动词+双宾语）After finishing all f the hmewrk, I fund myself bred and exhausted.（动词+宾语+宾补）
及物动词：及物动词后必须接宾语(tell ask learn develp )
Excessive speed played a rle in seven f the accidents.（动词+宾语）超速是造成其中七起交通事故的原因。I gave him sme advice and tld him we wuld supprt him cmpletely.（动词+双宾语）After finishing all f the hmewrk, I fund myself bred and exhausted.（动词+宾语+宾补）
不及物动词：不接宾语(g walk cme rise wait live...)
He walked t the windw.She lived in Beijing fr 10 years.
连系动词后须带表语（主语补足语）
That sunds like a gd idea.She is feeling much better nw.
※以上三类动词的划分并不是绝对，许多动词有跨类现象。例：The fish is fresh frm water. Yu dn’t have t smell it.(smell及物动词）The milk is ging bad. It smells.（smell不及物动词）This fish smells delicius.（smell系动词）
延续性动词和非延续性动词
实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词
定义：延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。这类动词有：cntain，have，hld，lie，live，make，sit，rain，sleep，stand，study，wait，wear，wrk等。此外，还有表示状态、感情、思维等的动词，如believe，cnsider，hate，hpe，knw，like，lve，respect，think，understand，wish等也属延续性动词。This bk has been put n the desk fr a week. ( )This bk has been lying n the desk fr a week. ( )Men put n suits when they attend meetings. ( )Men wear suits when they attend meetings.( )
定义： 非延续性动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬间完成的。这类动词有：add，admit，answer，arrive，ask，attack，begin，break，bring，buy，catch，clse，cme，die，discver，fall，d，leave，pen，put n，sell，start，stay，stp，return，take ff等。例： 他参军 ３ 年了。He has jined the army fr 3 years.（ ）He has been in the army fr 3 years(变动词) （√）He jined the army 3 year ag(变换时态) （√）It has been \is 3 years since he jined the army.（变换句型）（√）
定义：参与构成不同的时态、语态、语气以及否定、疑问结构。基本助动词包含三个：be have d 。助动词的用法是协助助动词表达不同的语法含义，如陈述，发问和否定。助动词与时，体结合表示某一动作的进行或完成。助动词be 还可以与主动词的过去分词结合构成被动语态。助动词本身是没有词汇意义，只在动词磁珠中起语法作用或只表示语法意义。
助动词be主要用来构成进行时和被动语态，即be ding\be dnebe + 现在分词构成进行时态。如: They are singing happily. be + 及物动词的过去分词构成被动语态。如: The wall is painted blue.助动词be与不定式构成be t d ,表将来，命令，征求意见和约定等。
助动词d主要用来构成否定句、疑问句句式，或对谓语动词进行强调。D yu feel like ging t the party n Friday night? (形成疑问句)Air des weigh smething, and yu can prve it. (加强语气)助动词d还能替代动词I read the bk tday and he des t.
3.助动词have的用法
构成完成时态（have + v. –ed形式） 如She hasn’t bught a new pair f shes since 1996. 构成完成进行时态。(have+been +v.ing) 如He has been wrking in this factry fr twenty years.
4. 助动词shall（shuld),will（wuld）的用法
助动词shall（shuld）和will（wuld）构成一般（过去）将来时态shall（shuld）/ will（wuld）+ v.。Will they have anything t d tnight? The secretary said that the talk wuld begin at eight ’clck.
定义： 由于情态动词具有助动词的功能，也成为情态助动词，可以划分到助动词范围内。情态动词分为中心情态动词和边缘情态动词（半助动词）。中心情态动词包括9个：can culd may might will wuld shall shuld must, 半助动词包括四个：dare、 need 、ught t、used t .
1. 情态动词基本用法：
特别记忆:can1.can nt/ can never…t（much）… 或 cannt … enugh“再……也过分，越……就越好”Yu can never be t careful （yu cannt be careful enugh ）while crssing the street. 2.can’t help ding sth.= can’t help but d sth = can’t but d sth =can d nthing but d sth.When a clse friend dies, yu can’t but feel sad.
may and might1.may/might as well d…不妨……的好、 还是……的好。Since it’s a fine day, we might as well take a well d 很可能……,完全有理由……He may well be prud f his sn.
must and have t 1. must表示绝对的有把握的肯定推测，“一定”“准是” must be ding sth.一定正在做某事; must have dne对过去动作的推测；注意其后的反疑疑问句形式。There must be a mistake, isn’t there ?He must be watching TV at hme, isn’t he? He must have seen the play, hasn’t he?Yu must have gne t the cinema last night, didn’t yu? 2. have t ( have gt t) 强调客观需要，而且有人称、时态、数的变化。 Yu will have t wait until the manager cmes back. I had t wrk when I was yur age.
need r dare1.need表示“需要”、“必须”作情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句中；在肯定句中作实意动词后接不定式。Need I finish the wrk tday?---Yes, yu must /have t.2. dare 作情态动词主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。用作实意动词时，在否定句中后边的t可以省略.He daren’t speak English befre such a crwd, dare he? He desn’t dare (t) ask me questins.
wuld and used t
wuld可表示过去的习惯，与used t相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯，现在已不复存在。
2．情态动词表示推测的用法
(1)must用在肯定句中表示猜测，意为“肯定、一定”，其否定形式为can't/culdn't。mustn't不表“猜测”而是表“禁止”，意为“绝不能、一定不要”。(2)can/culd可以用在否定句和疑问句中表示“推测”，在否定句中表“猜测”时意为“肯定不”。(3)may/might表示“猜测”时，意为“也许、大概、可能”，其肯定性不强，故经常和I'm nt sure之类的短语连用。(4)shuld在表示“推测”时，往往是一种主观上的推断，意为“按道理说、按道理讲”
3．“情态动词＋have dne”的含义
A组 2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
考点一　动词的时态和主谓一致1.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,62)The traditinal Chinese marriage usually　　    (invlve) sme necessary prcedures, such as matchmaking, engagements, meeting the bride, and three bws.
答案　invlves　
2.(2019山西太原期中考试,70)S far, the gvernment 　　    (ffer) tax reductin fr bkstres t encurage the develpment f physical bkstres.
答案　has ffered　
3.(2019海南儋州一次统测,61)President Xi Jinping 　　    (express) deep srrw n Friday ver the passing f the famus Hng Kng martial arts nvelist Luis Cha Leung-yung.
答案　expressed　
4.(2019河南洛阳期中考试,66)Shenzhen 　　    (be) a castal city n the east bank f the Pearl River estuary, separated frm Hng Kng by a natural river brder.
5.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考,62)A new study 　　     (find) that elementary schl students wh sleep little are mre likely t gain punds.
答案　has fund　
6.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,70)Being devted t yur wrk　　    (help) yu t feel calm.
答案　will help/helps　
1.(2019河北保定摸底考试,61)There was nce a Chinese man in the US wh　　    (accuse) after he used a certain frm f TCM treatment t cure his grandsn’s disease.
答案　was accused
2.(2019海南儋州一次统测,66)Accrding t The Oxfrd Guide t Cntemprary Wrld Literature, Jin Yng?s nvels 　　    (cnsider) t be f very high quality.
答案　are cnsidered　
3.(2019吉林省吉林市一次调研,61)Shuld naps actually　　     (take) during the day?
答案　be taken　
4.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,61)The Wrld Wide Web is cmpsed f different websites, which　　     (create) by peple and rganizatins arund the wrld.
答案　are created　
5.(2019浙江金丽衢十二校二次联考,57)Yu are having breakfast with yur family. Yur daughter kncks ver a cup f cffee nt yur business shirt. What happens next 　　    (determine) by hw yu react.
答案　will be determined　
6.(2019广东佛山教学质检Ⅰ,65)Yung peple are usually mre willing t talk if they believe that questins 　　     (ask) ut f real interest and nt because peple are trying t check up n them.
答案　are asked　
B组    2017—2019年高考模拟·专题综合题组
1.(2019福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Cnsequently,instead f giving us immediate answers, he is always encuraged us t think by urselves whenever he puts frward questins. 　　　　　    
答案　encuraged→encuraging　
2.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)One f my friends have sent me a shrt message, saying that true friends are ne sul in tw bdies, which mves me very much and makes me think what true friendship is　　　　　    
答案　have→has　
3.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Yesterday, my friend Tny and I decide t g swimming in the sea. 　　　　　    答案　decide→decided4.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)The disadvantages f students bringing smart phnes t schl is bvius. 　　　　　    答案　is→are　
5.(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟一次联考)We wanted t breathe the fresh air. Hwever,when ging ut,we find it was cludy and smggy. 　　　　　    答案　find→fund　6.(2019安徽皖南八校一次联考)Many a child take what their parents d fr them fr granted. 　　　　　    答案　take→takes　7.(2019福建安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学期中)She had made huge prgress n the habit s far. 　　　　　    答案　had→has　
8.(2019吉林省重点中学二次联考)Grwing up, I didn’t have much ambitin and I was wasted a lt f time n vide games.   　　　　　    答案　删除was　9.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考)She encurages us t think independently and have discussins amng urselves when we faced with prblems.　　　　　    答案　faced前加are　10.(2019山东师大附中五次模拟)I hated t fail in any sprt, s I cntinued t try and finally manage t skate all the way dwn a slpe (斜坡) withut an accident. 　　　　　    答案　manage→managed　
C组    2017—2019年高考模拟·应用创新题组
Passage 1 Ocean pllutin 　1 is    (be) serius. It can 　2kill     (kill) cean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital t fcus n this issue and find ways t prevent pllutin in ur waters. Pllutin in the ceans severely 　3harms     (harm) sea creatures. Fr example, cean animals ften mistake pieces f plastic fr fd. As 　4a     result, their bellies 　5 are filled    (fill) with plastic frm bttles, cntainers and beach tys. This can be deadly t the animals.Ocean pllutin 　6 causes    (cause)risks t humans, t. Plluted water can result 　7 in    disease amng swimmers. Als, peple eat fish which might 　8be pisned     (pisn) with harmful chemicals frm il leaks and rubbish in sea water. Sme peple may argue that cean pllutin is nt serius, believing that the ceans are s vast that they can absrb all kinds f pllutin. Hwever, the many examples f cean creatures killed by pllutin prve them wrng.In 　9cnclusin     (cnclude), it’s clear that cean pllutin is a 　10 challenging    (challenge)prblem. We need t learn mre abut hw t stp it.