短文改错40分钟专练01 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解名校模拟题重组练

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冲刺2022年高考 短文改错专训（一）短文改错——先词法、句法·再行文逻辑  [2021·全国卷甲]①Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire.  ②One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble? ③Here are the results. ④Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. ⑤Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. ⑥Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. ⑦Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. ⑧They kept very much to themselves. ⑨In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly. 动词形，名词数句②动词误用。主谓一致。“one of the＋可数名词复数形式”为固定搭配，意为“……之一”，中心词是one，提示主语是“其中的一个问题”，be动词应用第三人称单数。________________句④名词误用。此处的friend通过连词or与classmates并列，提示这里指的“朋友”不止一个。________________⑧动词时态误用。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，因此本句也应该用一般现在时。________________还要留意形和副句⑤副词多用。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人寻求帮助”。________________句⑨副词形式误用。mostly意为“主要地，一般地”，而most意为“(程度上)最大，最高”。根据语境可知，此处是说“我们最相信的那些人”。________________代词格，细领悟句⑥代词误用。本句主语代指的“学生”(students)为可数名词，a little用于指代不可数名词。 ________________句⑥代词误用。本句主语指代students，根据逻辑关系可知，此处表示的应该是“靠他们自己”(on their own)。________________非谓语搞清楚句⑦非谓语动词误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“不喜欢做某事”。________________冠词连词常光顾句⑨连词误用。分析本句结构可知，此处是省略了主语和谓语的时间状语从句。________________习惯用法要记住句②介词漏用。go to意为“求助于”，________________  第一讲　攻关八类词法类错误 考点1  名词和冠词[典例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后， 我总是帮助父母洗碗。(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语do the dishes意为“洗碗”。自主解答：________________[典例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.考场思维：(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假了。(2)根据语法知识分析：summer vacation“暑假”，是单数概念。自主解答：________________  【过关检测】自主解答：________________1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]Any creative ideas which is about school life is warmly welcomed.________________2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families. ________________3．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.________________4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]When I was little，Friday's night was our family game night.________________5．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.________________6．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.________________7．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.________________8．[2021·江西省质量监测]Only by tasting failure can we enjoy fruit of success.________________ 【技法点金】1．理清单复数使用情况(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。2．牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。3．三类位置后常用名词(1)冠词后常用名词。(2)介词后常用名词。(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。4．关注冠词的考查重点(1)a和an，表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。 考点2  介词和数词[典例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]In my opinion，students can benefit a lot doing some housework.考场思维：(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。 (2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/ by doing sth. 为固定搭配， 意为“得益于(做)某事”。自主解答：________________[典例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你已经来到中国， 在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。(2)搭配识记：come to＋地点名词，表示“来到某地”。自主解答：________________ 【过关检测】1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]You can also choose to make changes in famous dramas to enter into the competition.________________2．[2021·新乡市第三次模拟]There I found many people waiting their orders to be checked out.________________3．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.________________4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.________________5．[2021·太原一模]After graduating from high school，I'm going to be a computer programmer，which I think is on great demand in the modern world.________________6．[2021·吉林市第三次调研]Without hesitation，I，under the help of Tom and Mary，carried her on my back to the clinic.________________7．[2021·河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟]I remember clearly that when I was on my eighteen birthday, my father gave me a present—a picture book.________________8．[2021·赣州市模拟]In order to celebrate the eighty anniversary of the founding of our school, a big celebration was held in our school last Sunday.________________ 【技法点金】1．关注介词遗漏①不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。②作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。2．明辨介词多余①及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。②this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。3．牢记相似介词的区别in, on, at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。4．识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。5．注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the＋逢十的基数词复数”。 考点3  谓语动词误用[典例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]Also，it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.考场思维：(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知， what引导宾语从句， 句中的like作动词， 意为“喜欢”，故are多余。自主解答：________________[典例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.考场思维：(1)语境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由“when I was seven years old”可确定该句谓语动词应该为一般过去时态。自主解答：________________ 【过关检测】1．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]John went shopping in a store, but he forgot to bring a bag. So he buys a shopping bag.________________2．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]However, one day, I forget to wear one when I was heading for a vital exam.________________3．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]It not only brings us pleasure but reduce waste around us.________________4．[2021·江西省高三教学质量监测]We have both achieved success and suffer from failure, but different students has different attitudes towards failure.________________5．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]There is another thing that should be keep in mind.________________6．[2021·马鞍山第三次监测]After getting our tools, we were dividing into different teams.________________7．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]An English drama competition would be held in the school art hall next Friday.________________8．[2021·九江市二模]Usually, sitting around the table, all members of a family has meals together at meal time.________________ 【技法点金】1．识别时态不一致文章前后是现在式但却用了过去式，或前后都是过去式却用了现在式，导致时态不一致。2．判断并列不一致在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and，or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。3．留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。4．注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采取复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。5．牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。 考点4  非谓语动词形式错误[典例1]　[2021·全国卷甲] Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.考场思维：(1)语境含义：他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说话。(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配， 意为“不喜欢做某事”。自主解答：________________[典例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things, we may become ill.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。(2)根据固定搭配解题：be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。自主解答：________________ 【过关检测】1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]It is rewarding take your time to prepare for the competition.________________2．[2021·江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考]Please let me to know when you will be free and I will buy the tickets in advance.________________3．[2021·南昌二模]To solve the problem, I forced myself to reading every paragraph with patience, trying to follow the plot.________________4．[2021·成都七中热身考试]They watched him with interest, laughed loudly.________________5．[2021·宿州市质量检测]As far as I'm concerned, the activity gets us to know about the university and inspiring us to work hard.________________6．[2021·焦作市三模]When I opened the door, my mother seemed to feel a little embarrassing.________________7．[2021·哈尔滨市第三中学第四次模拟]Felt extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.________________8．[2021·江西省高三教学质量监测]They find out the causes so that they will avoid made the same mistake.________________9．[2021·焦作市第四次模拟]I had a ticket to a show I couldn't attend any longer. I was trying to sell it, but I was having a hard time find someone who would pay the full price.________________10．[2021·贵州省适应性测试]I think work for a newspaper and reporting from all over the world are really exciting.________________ 【技法点金】1．理清to的两种命题方式①多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。②缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。2．辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。3．搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别动词ing形式表主动、进行；动词ed 形式表被动、完成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物；而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到……的”，常修饰人。4．掌握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词ing形式。5．注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾语常常使用动词ing形式或不定式。6．明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号to后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。 考点5  形容词和副词误用[典例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]What's more，doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.考场思维：(1)语境含义：更重要的是，做家务是一种从学习中精神放松的形式。(2)形容词副词的误用。此处应用形容词mental修饰名词relaxation。自主解答：________________[典例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]I'm surely you'll have a good time.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我确信你会玩得很开心。(2)语境分析：系动词be后跟形容词作表语。自主解答：________________ 【过关检测】1．[2021·安徽 “五校联盟”第二次联考]When she had finished, she proud put her cake into the oven to cook.________________2．[2021·南昌二模]It provides me with knowledge, and convinces me entire that being alone is not lonely.________________3．[2021·广西4月模拟]Now I've changed a lot. I have become an energy and positive girl.________________4．[2021·江西省质量监测]What's worse, some even lose heart and no longer study as harder as before.________________5．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.________________6．[2021·焦作市三模]The other day, I went home so lately that my mother couldn't afford to wait me any longer.________________7．[2021·高三“五校联盟”第二次联考]About ten minutes late, we smelt something burning.________________8．[2021·马鞍山市第三次质量监测]It's a famous park in Ma'anshan. Therefore, some of its visitors leave garbage behind.________________ 1．明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2．理清比较级、最高级的误用①原级和比较级混用。②比较级和最高级混用。③在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。④在没有最高级的词前误加most。3．关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地”，hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有”；beside意为“在……旁边”，besides意为“另外”。4．看清重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或对比，意思是“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所以”。      Test 1[2021·昆明市“三诊一模”质量检测]    October 12th was big day for my team and me. We take part in a basketball tournament for senior students in Lancaster County. Some players were absent because he had to take exams. What was worse, there were no substitutes. The team what we played against was last year's top one. As a striker, I played hardly. Later, I had little energy than before and got injured because of I fell down. During the pause, the coach told us to “play with effort but wisdom”. Then, I saved my strength and looked for good chances to scoring more goals. Finally, I scored another four point and was named the “most valuable player”．Test 2[2021·郑州市第二次质量检测]The other day the members of our school's English club take the exchange students in their school to visit the City Cultural Center. During the visit, they appreciated large picture exhibition of our rich local culture and some unique form of our local art. However, they watched a video about the achievements we had made in the past few centuries. The exchange students were all amazed at our color culture, saying that the  visit was  really a  big cultural feast with them. The visit was a greatly success and they were quite satisfied with it. It was not only enriched the exchange students' life, but also helped them learning more about Chinese culture.Test 3[2021·合肥市高三第二次检测]I'll never forget the last winter holiday in my hometown. On the way to my grandpa, my father drove very carefully or slowly all the way, for it was snowing heavily. When we arrived, my cousin Maomao grabbed my arm at once, inviting me collect snow with our grandpa. We felt not a little excitedly. After a while,  in the yard was some snowmen, all look funny. “Look, here's another snowman，” shouted Maomao, joyfully clapping his hand. It was our grandpa who grey hair was blowing in the wind. We laughed, which made our grandpa a kind of awkward. How I wish I can go back there this year!Test4[2021·成都市高中毕业班第一次诊断]The person I respect most is my father.  Like a doctor, he is  always busy with work. After I could remember, he has never  spent a whole weekend stay with me. Every day, he went to work  before I get up, and comes back home after I go to bed.  So to me, it doesn't matter at all, because he is a great hero in his mind.  He devotes himself his patients, and many life are saved by him.  He always tells me what a man should have dignity, honesty, honor, and that most of all, be helpful to others. This affects me deep, so I am working hard in order to be a man like him in the future.Test 5[2021·昆明市高三“三诊一模”]Sometimes our classmates talk about that we can do for our school before graduation.  We have different kinds of advices. Some think it is a good idea donate some reference books but notebooks to the school library.  By doing so, the fellow students will be able to read it if necessary. Others thought it good to plant trees next to teaching buildings to make the school more beautiful.On my opinion, we can do something meaningfully in honor of our school life.  For the example, we can do some voluntary work or send the school some pictures drawing by ourselves, which can remind us of the golden memories. Test 6[2021·长春市高三质量监测一]My parents and I paid a visit to my grandparents in last  summer. After three hour's drive, we got to the village. We were  exciting to see them and chatted for quite a while.  And then I go  to the backyard to pick some vegetables or fruits without chemical fertilizers. They were so fresh that I couldn't wait to taste it. After dinner, we took walk along the country road lined with trees and crops. The soft wind was blown gently and the surroundings were quietly except for the singing of birds. What peaceful the country life was!Test 7[2021·贵阳市四校高三年级联考三]An English drama competition would be held in the school  art hall next Friday.  Any creative ideas which is about school life  is warm welcomed. You can also choose to make changes in  famous dramas to enter to the competition.  If you want to prove you, please sign up by this Thursday afternoon. It is rewarding take your time to prepare for the competition. There is another thing that should be keep in mind. The play should be no long than fifteen minutes on a whole. Don't hesitate—come, or be a  winner!Test 8[2021·洛阳市高三统一考试]It was Tree Planting Day last Saturday.  Our teacher, Mr.  Li asked us plant trees on the nearby hill. We arrived here at 8 o'clock in the morning, each with at least a tool.  Mr.  Li showed us how to plant trees, but then we started digging, planting and watered. I was very excited because I have never planted trees before.  Mr.  Li set a good example to myself.  “I must learn about  him，” I said to myself. In the all, we planted over two hundreds trees. We looked happy at the rows of trees, forgetting our tiredness.Test 9[2021·绵阳市第一次诊断考试]We had a school trip on last Sunday. Hundreds of us  students took part in it excited.At 8：00 am,  we set out for the top of Jiuhuang Mountain in  high spirits.  All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing,  enjoyed the fresh air and the beautiful sceneries. When someone  fall behind, others would come or offer help. About two hours  later, we all reached the top.  Seeing from there, the river below  looked like a thin belt. We were such happy that we jumped and  cheered with joy.The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did we get close to nature, but also we relaxed myself. What wonderful time!