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    考向12 名词性从句 备战2022年高考英语微专题(全国通用)

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    考向12 名词性从句 备战2022年高考英语微专题(全国通用)

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    这是一份考向12 名词性从句 备战2022年高考英语微专题(全国通用),共27页。
    考向12 名词性从句
    【命题解读】
    1.了解名词性从句的基本用法,掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用,辨析that与what,if与whether等引导词的用法。
    2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法,及其与强调句的区别。
    3.区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。
    【命题预测】
    预计2020年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
    【复习建议】
    1. 掌握宾语从句的用法;
    2. 了解同位语从句的用法;
    3. 掌握表语从句的用法;
    4. 掌握主语从句的用法;
    5. 如何正确选择引导词。
    考向一 主语从句
    主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有:
    (1)引导词:
    从属连词 that, whether;
    连接代词 who, what, which;
    whoever, whatever, whichever;
    连接副词 when, where, how和why。
    (2)语序:陈述句语序
    (3)在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用if
    That he will win the match is certain.
    It is certain that he will win the match.
    1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子保持平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式主语,从而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
    ①It is+形容词+that...
    ☞It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
    毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
    ②It is+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,common knowledge,a surprise,
    a fact,etc. )+that...
    ☞It’s a pity that we can’t go.
    很遗憾我们不能去。
    ③It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc. )+that...
    ☞It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
    有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
    ④It appears/seems that...|It happens that...|It occurred to me that...|It turned out that...
    ☞It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
    结果发现没人记得这地址。
    ⑤It doesn’t matter that...|It makes no difference that...
    ☞It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
    她是否来这无关紧要。
    2. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
    ☞Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
    他们明天不来很要紧吗?
    3. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
    ☞How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
    孩子们这么安静真奇怪!
    【典例分析】
    1. (2020﹒天津)The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said.
    A. that B. what C. when D. where
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
    2. (2019﹒新课标I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
    【答案】that
    【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
    3. (2019﹒北京)What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go.
    【答案】where
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
    4. (2018·天津卷· 单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded ___________ to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
    A. whomever B. wherever
    C. whoever D. whatever
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示"任何人,无论谁"。故选C。
    5.(2017· 北京卷· 单项填空) Every year, ___________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
    A. whatever B. whoever
    C. whomever D. whichever
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,________ makes the most beautiful kite作主语,且所填词指人,既作从句的主语又作主句的主语,所以选whoever(whomever不能作主语)。句意:每年,在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。
    【归纳总结】
    主语从句的规律
    规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。
    例1.When will he come is not known.
    正:When he will come is not known.
    规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略。
    例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
    正:That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
    规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句,放在句首,但if不能
    例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
    正: Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
    规律四、主语从句的谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。
    例4. When he will come are a puzzle.
    正:When he will come is a puzzle.


    考向二 表语从句

    表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。
    一、引导表语从句的关联词的种类:
    1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
    ☞China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
    ☞The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
    ☞At that time,it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word.
    当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
    2. 从属连词whether,as,as if / though引导的表语从句。
    ☞He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
    ☞It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
    3. because,why引导的表语从句。
    ☞That’s because he didn’t understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。(That’s because…强调原因)
    ☞That’s why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That’s why…强调结果)
    4. 连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
    连接副词 where,when,how,why
    ☞The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
    ☞The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
    ☞That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
    5. 从属连词that
    ☞The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
    【归纳拓展】
    学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。
    (1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。
    ①句子的主语为the reason时,表语从句采用that引导,表示原因,此时不用because。
    ☞The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
    她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
    ②句子的主语为the result时,表语从句采用that引导。
    ☞The result is that many of them become fat.
    结果是他们中许多人发胖了。
    ③由why引导的从句作主语时。
    ☞Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible.
    我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
    (2)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be等后面;表语从句既可以采用虚拟语
    气,也可采用直陈语气。
    ①It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
    ②She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。
    【典例分析】
    1. (2020﹒江苏)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
    A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个;B. whenever无论何时;C. wherever无论何地;D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。
    2.(2019﹒江苏) Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
    A. what B. that C. which D. where
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
    3. (2018·北京卷·单项填空)Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
    A. how B. when C. where D. why
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。"_________ we are now"是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
    4.(2016·北京卷·单项填空) The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
    A. what B. that C. whether D. why
    【答案】 B
    【解析】 考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,that只起引导作用,故选B。
    考向三 宾语从句
    【难点梳理】
    引导宾语从句的连接词主要有:
    连接词:that,whether,if等
    连接代词:what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等
    连接副词:when,where,why,how等
    1. 连接词that,whether,if引导
    ☞I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
    ☞I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
    注意:
    whether/if都意为"是否"。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,但以下情况中,只能用whether。
    (1)与or not紧接连用时。
    ☞Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。
    (2)作介词的宾语从句时。
    ☞We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
    2. 连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等引导
    ☞She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。
    ☞I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
    3. 连接副词when,where,why,how等引导
    ☞Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
    你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
    ☞I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
    我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。
    4. 宾语从句的语序
    在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
    ☞He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
    ☞Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
    5. 宾语从句的时态
    (1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
    ☞She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
    ☞she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
    她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
    ☞She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.
    她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
    (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
    ☞He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
    他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
    ☞He said that he was going to take care of the baby.
    他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
    ☞He said that they were having a meeting at that time.
    他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
    (3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
    ☞The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
    老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
    ☞He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。
    注意:学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。
    (1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略,但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有
    第一个that可以省略。
    ☞Glancing at her scornfully, he told her(that) the dress was sold.
    他轻蔑地看了她一眼,告诉她说那件衣服卖了。
    ☞The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
    老师说课文非常重要,我们应该背下来。
    (2)表示"心理活动"的形容词:afraid,anxious,aware,ashamed,annoyed,certain,confident,content,
    convinced,determined,disappointed,glad,happy,proud,pleased,sure,surprised,satisfied,thankful,
    worried等可以后接宾语从句。
    ☞He was afraid that he would lose. 他担心会输。
    ☞I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。
    (3)若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后宾语从
    句若含有否定意义,一般把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式,这种现象称为"否定转移"
    现象(此时主语往往为第一人称,偶尔为第三人称;否定词never,seldom,hardly,little无此用法)。
    ☞I don’t think his decision is wise in reality. 实际上,我觉得他的决定并不明智。
    ☞I don’t believe that he is a dishonest man. 我认为他是个诚实的人。
    (4)在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等动词以及I’m afraid之后,可以采用so代替一个肯
    定的宾语从句,也可以采用not代替否定的宾语从句。
    ☞—Do you believe the news stories?"你相信这个新闻故事吗?"
    —I believe so. "我相信。"
    ☞—Has Anne got into university?"安妮上大学了吗?"
    —I am afraid not. "恐怕是没有。"
    【巧学妙记】
    宾语从句的用法速记口诀
    宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。
    一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。
    陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;
    特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。
    二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。
    主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;
    主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。
    三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
    【典例分析】
    1. (2020﹒江苏)It is not a problem _____ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
    A. whether B. why C. when D. where
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
    2. (2019·北京卷·语法填空)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
    【答案】where
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
    3.(2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
    【答案】where改为when 
    【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语,而是时间状语。故把where改为when。
    4.(2018· 全国新课标卷III· 语法填空)I’m not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.
    【答案】which/who 
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用which或者who"
    5. (2017· 天津卷· 单项填空)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
    A. when B. where C. whether D. what
    【答案】C 
    【解析】考查宾语从句。根据"…I admitted that I hadn’t."可知书还没还给图书馆,因此此处问的是是否(whether)已经还了。故选C项。句意:她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认没还。
    考向四 同位语从句
    在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。
    1. 同位语从句的引导词选择原则
    that
    只起连词作用,无任何含义,一般不省略
    whether
    是否
    when
    什么时候
    where
    什么地点
    how
    什么方式
    ☞The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他不是没有恢复的希望。
    ☞The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
    我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。
    2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况
    (1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
    ☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
    故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
    (2)表示"命令、建议、要求"的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即"should+动词原形",should可省略。
    ☞The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.
    每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
    3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别

    同位语从句
    定语从句
    功能不同
    对名词加以补充说明
    与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,起连接作用
    that
    不作成分;起连接作用,不可省略
    作主语或宾语,起连接作用;并且作从句的宾语时可省略
    whether/how
    不作成分;起连接作用"是否";"如何"
    不引导定语从句
    wh­words
    作成分;起连接作用;有自己的含义,但与先行词之间无关
    作成分;起连接作用;没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分
    ☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
    李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句,that不可省略)
    ☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
    他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,可省略)
    【典例分析】
    1. 【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
    【答案】that
    【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
    2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
    A. what B. that C. which D. where
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
    名词性从句考点归纳:
    1. 名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。
    ①I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
    ②She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
    2. it充当形式主语或宾语:
    在名词性从句中,为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句,而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面,尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。
    ①It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
    ②I find it strange that she doesn’t want to travel. 她竟不想旅游,我觉得很奇怪。
    3. 在名词性从句中 that与what的差异:
    what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语),在任何情况下都不能省略,表示"(=the thing or things that...;whatever)……的事物;无论什么;凡是……的事物"。that本身没有词汇意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,在口语和非正式文件中,宾语从句中的that常常省略。
    ①What you have done might do harm to others. 你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
    ②I spent what little time I had with my family. 我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。
    ③No one knows what will happen next. 谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
    ④I think(that) you will like the stamps. 我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。
    4. whether和if的差异:
    (1)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句,只能采用whether。
    ☞Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
    月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
    (2)介词宾语只用whether引导。
    ☞He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.
    他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。
    (3)当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时,不能被if替换。
    ☞Whether he will come or not, I am not sure. 我无法确认他是否会来。
    (4)whether经常与or not 直接连用,构成whether or not。
    ☞I don’t know whether or not he’ll come. 我不知道他是来还是不来。
    (5)后接动词不定式时只能用whether。
    ☞Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?
    (6)动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
    ☞We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。
    5. 宾语从句和主句的时态呼应:
    (1)当主句谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时,宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
    ☞Will you tell me how I can keep fit?能告诉我如何保持健康吗?
    (2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时,为保持时态一致,宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。
    ☞Jack told me that he had been there twice. 杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。
    (3)当主句谓语为过去时态时,宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时,仍然采用一般现在时。
    ☞Long ago, people knew that there are four seasons in a year.
    很久以前,人们就知道一年有四个季节。
    6. 连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从句的含义:
    (1)whoever的用法:
    ①(=the person or people who...)……的那个人
    ☞Whoever said that?到底谁讲的这话?
    ②(=any person who...)……的任何一个人
    ☞Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me.
    你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。
    (2)whatever的用法:
    ①(=any or every)任何;每一
    ☞Take whatever action is needed. 采取任何必要的措施。
    ②(=anything or everything)任何事物;一切事物
    ☞You must do whatever is best for you. 什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
    ③(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系,因为结果都一样)无论什么,不管什么
    ☞You have our support, whatever you decide. 不管你做何决定,都会得到我们的支持。
    (3)whichever的用法:
    ①(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)……的那个;……的那些
    ☞Take whichever hat suits you best. 挑个最适合你戴的帽子。
    ②无论哪个;无论哪些
    ☞Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。
    7. 虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用:
    (1)主语从句
    ☞It is necessary that he(should)come to see us. 他有必要来看望我们。
    (2)宾语从句
    ☞The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest. 老师建议我们休息一会儿。
    (3)表语从句
    ☞My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.
    我的建议是我们应该阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。
    8. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
    it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都用连词that,被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
    ①It’s a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad.
    他错过了去国外旅游的机会,真是可惜。
    ②Who was it that won the World Cup in 2014?谁赢得了2014年的世界杯?
    【检测训练】
    1. She couldn’t afford shoes. That’s ________ she ran at the school championships barefoot.
    A. because B. as C. why D. how
    2. Tom wondered ________.
    A. when does the accident happen B. when did the accident happen
    C. when the accident happened D. when the accident will happen
    3. ________ he might be right is ________ frightens me.
    A. That; what B. It; that C. Which; it D. How; what
    4. When the questions on my mind ________, I don’t doubt ________ I’ve done a good job.
    A. gets answered, that B. get answering, whether
    C. get answered, that D. gets answering, whether
    5. After months of research there was little hope ________ the lost car might be found.
    A. when B. where
    C. which D. that
    6. “________ survive the tiger attack.” the little boy thought to himself.
    A. I am not possible to B. It is likely that I will not
    C. It is likely to not D. I possibly don’t
    7. ______ makes our school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
    A. What; that B. Which; because C. That; what D. What; because
    8. There is much chance ________ John will recover from his injury in time for the race.
    A. that B. which C. if D. until
    9. The people invited to the ball may wear ________they please.
    A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however
    10. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out ________ it is he is trying to express.
    A. that B. how C. who D. what
    11. Evidence has been found through years of study________ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.
    A. why B. how C. whether D. that
    12. The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant . There is too much time on it.
    A. whether B. that C. which D. what
    13. There's little doubt ________ our team will beat yours.
    A. which B. whether C. if D. that
    14. ________ is expected, according to the online survey is that prices of he houses won't rise any more.
    A. What B. It C. As D. Which
    15. ________ made her surprised was _______ she received a bunch of flowers for no good reason yesterday.
    A. That; how B. What; that C. What; what D. That; that
    16. ________ has help to save the drowning boy is worth________.
    A. Who; to praise B. Who; praising
    C. Whoever; to praise D. Whoever; praising
    17. ________ Jenny was invited to the ball made her very happy.
    A. What B. When C. That D. Because
    18. When I heard the news________ our team had won the swimming competition, I couldn’t help crying.
    A. while B. which C. as D. that
    19. ________ worried the doctors most was ________ they could find the cause of the disease.
    A. What; how B. That; that C. What; what D. How; what
    20. It’s important to remember ________ people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall.
    A. that B. what C. why D. how
    21. ________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
    A. That B. How C. Whether D. Whichever
    22. ______ is that you should not tell other people the password of your computer.
    A. It requests B. What requests C. As is requested D. What is requested
    23. For the sake of our parents’ sacrifices for us, we should live up to __________ they demand of us.
    A. which B. what C. that D. where
    24. ________ the author wants to express in the book is the love and care, for her family.
    A. What B. That C. When D. Why
    25. It is immediately clear ________ the financial crisis will soon be over.
    A. since B. what C. when D. whether
    26. ________inspires the whole nation is that China has achieved a complete victory in its fight against poverty.
    A. Who B. Which C. That D. What
    27. The question came up at the meeting ________ we had enough money for our research.
    A. whether B. that C. which D. what
    28. All the Chinese workers do ________ they can ________ through the hard time.
    A. what; get B. what; to get C. all what; get D. that; to get
    29. ________ surprised me most was the news ________ our team won.
    A. That; that B. What; which C. What; that D. That; which
    30. That’s _______ the government called on us to do.
    A. why B. what C. how D. because
    31. It remains to be seen ________ the new school rules can be put into practice.
    A. that B. which C. what D. whether
    32. A simple restaurant was ________ he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
    A. where B. what C. which D. that
    33. — What a mess! You're always lazy!
    — I am not to blame, Mum. I'm ________ you have made me.
    A. because B. why C. what D. that
    34. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is_________I disagree.
    A. when B. where C. what D. how
    35. We all share his belief________ true craftwork is treasure________ can last beyond life time.
    A. which; that B. that; what C. what; which D. that; that
    36. --- Hey, Joe, look at you! What makes you so happy?
    --- ________ my son has passed the final examination.
    A. Because B. When C. That D. Whether
    37. _________the soldiers sacrificed themselves in the battle against the flood made many people in grief.
    A. That B. When C. What D. Why
    38. If you've set out to write a thank you note, you probably already know________ you'll be writing to and________ you are thanking them for.
    A. who; that B. who; what C. who; which D. that; which
    39. Only in the last few years have scientists and teachers begun to understand learning disabilities and ________.
    A. how can they be dealt with B. what they can be dealt with
    C. how they can be dealt with D. what can they be dealt with
    40. With the number of cars increasing rapidly in cities, a major problem is ________ the cars can be parked.
    A. which B. that C. when D. where
    41. We are very proud of ________ you have accomplished so far. You should be proud too.
    A. what B. that C. which D. where
    42. Valli, who was born in Pula, in ________ is now Croatia, made her film debut in Italy in the mid­1930s.
    A. what B. where C. that D. which
    43. The news ________ Barack Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize is ________ surprised the world.
    A. that; what B. which; that
    C. that; which D. /; how
    44. Evidence has been found through years of study________children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
    A. when B. how C. whether D. that
    45. He, a kind person, always thinks about _______ he can do to help the people in trouble.
    A. how B. what C. why D. which
    46. As far as I'm concerned, he never breaks his word; you can rely on ________ that he'll come to meet you on time.
    A. him B. it C. yourself D. one
    47. Just accept the disabled for ________they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life ________you do.
    A. whom; so B. which; like C. who; as D. that; as
    48. There is no evidence ________ the meeting actually took place.
    A. which B. what C. whose D. that
    49. On the second morning Tony, ________ an apron, brought her breakfast and then asked her ________she needed help dressing.
    A. wearing; whether B. wore; whether C. wore; if D. wearing; how
    50. There's little doubt ________ one day a cure will be found.
    A. whether B. if C. what D. that
    参考答案
    1. C
    【解析】考查表语从句。句意:她买不起鞋。 那就是她为什么赤脚参加学校锦标赛。分析句子结构,________ she ran at the school championships barefoot.是一个表语从句,引导词在从句中作原因状语,用why引导该从句,故选C。
    2. C
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:汤姆想知道事故是什么时候发生的。分析句子结构可知,空处位于谓语动词wonder之后,空处为宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语气,且时态为一般过去时,表示发生在过去的动作。故选C项。
    3. A
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:我害怕的是他可能是对的。分析句子结构可知,第一个空引导主语从句he might be right,从句结构和句意完整,所以用只起连接作用而没有实义的that引导;第二个空引导表语从句,从句缺少主语,结合句意,让我害怕的是“他可能是对的”这件事,所以用表示“……的东西”的连接代词what引导,故选A。
    4. C
    【解析】考查“get done”结构、主谓一致和宾语从句连接词。句意:当我脑子里的问题得到回答时,我肯定我做得很好。分析句子可知,when引导的从句为一般现在时,主语为 the questions,与answer为被动关系,故用“ get+过去分词”表示被动,谓语动词用复数。第二个空要填宾语从句的连接词,don’t doubt 后的连接词用that,故选C项。
    5. D
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:经过几个月的调查,找到那辆丢失的汽车的希望不大。“the lost car might be found”是对名词hope的解释说明,所以为hope的同位语从句。从句中不缺少成分和意义,所以应用that引导。故选D。
    6. B
    【解析】考查likely的用法和it做形式主语。句意:小男孩心想:“我很可能在老虎的袭击中活不下来”。likely 的用法为“ It is likely that...”和 “sb be likely to do sth” 。possible一般不用表示人的词作主语,但若真的要用表示人的词作主语,possible后接不定式,构成“It is possible(for sb)to do sth ”。副词是用来修饰动词的,一般放在情态动词、be动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。综合以上分析。故选B项。
    7. A
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:使我们学校出名的是,超过90%的学生都被大学录取了。分析可知,句子为“主系表”结构,分别用主语从句和表语从句做相应的句子成分,主语从句中缺主语且表示“什么”的含义,所以用what引导;表语从句中引导词在句中不做任何成分,没有实际意义,所以用that引导。故选A项。
    8. A
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:John很有可能在比赛前及时从伤病中康复。分析句子结构以及句意可知,此空引导同位语从句,解释空前名词chance的内容,从句结构和句意完整,所以用只起连接作用,不充当成分,没有意义的that引导,故选A。
    9. A
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:被邀请参加舞会的人想穿什么就穿什么。A. whatever 无论什么;B. wherever无论何处;C. whenever无论何时;D. however 无论怎样。分析句子结合句意可知,空处位于动词wear之后,所以此处包含一个宾语从句,且从句缺少宾语,please在此处相当于like,结合句意可知此处应用whatever作动词please的宾语。故选A项。
    10. D
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:他的文章令人费解,很难理解他到底想表达什么。空格处引导一个宾语从句,在从句中作he is trying to express的宾语,表示“什么”。that引导宾语从句,无词义,不作成分,仅起引导作用;how引导宾语从句,作状语,表示“如何”;who引导宾语从句,作主语,宾语,表示“谁”;what引导宾语从句,作主语、宾语或表语,表示“什么;……的(东西等)”,根据句意,故填what, 故选D。
    11. D
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:多年的研究发现,儿童早期睡眠问题可能会在他们长大后继续存在。分析可知,空处引导同位语从句,解释说明主语evidence,且引导词在同位语从句中不作任何成分,且没有实际意义,所以用that引导。故选D项。
    12. B
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:经理提出我们应该有一个助手的建议。有很多工作需要完成。分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,解释说明suggestion的内容,从句不缺成分,需用连接词that引导。故选B。
    13. D
    【解析】考查固定句式和同位语从句。句意:毫无疑问我们队会打败你们队。there is no/little doubt that意为“毫无疑问……”,为固定句式。that引导同位语从句,没有意义,不作成分。故选D。
    14. A
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:根据网上调查,人们预计房价不会再上涨了。一句话作is的主语,可知是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指“……的事情”,用what。故选A。
    15. B
    【解析】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意:让她吃惊的是昨天她莫名其妙地收到了一束花。第一空,what引导主语从句,并在从句中充当主语;第二空,that引导表语从句,在从句中并不充当成分,只起引导作用。故选B。
    16. D
    【解析】考查主语从句的连接词和动名词。句意:任何帮助救那个溺水男孩的人都值得表扬。分析句子可知,________ has help to save the drowning boy是一个主语从句,根据句意可知此处要用whoever引导主语从句,且whoever作从句的主语,表示“无论谁”;短语be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”可知此处要用动名词praising作宾语。故选D项。
    17. C
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:珍妮被邀请参加舞会使她非常高兴。空处引导主语从句,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故用只起连接作用的that引导。故选C。
    18. D
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:当我听到我们队赢得游泳比赛的消息时,我忍不住哭了起来。空处引导同位语从句,解释说明news的内容,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故应用that引导。故选D。
    19. A
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:医生们最担心的是如何找到这种疾病的病因。第一空为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指事物应用what引导;第二空为表语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,应用how。故选A。
    20. B
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:重要的是要记住,人们选择在社交媒体上发布的内容并不一定反映他们的整体生活。在宾语从句“people choose to post on social media”中缺少动词post的宾语,且是指物,所以应用连接代词what。故选B。
    21. D
    【解析】考查主语从句和连词词义辨析。句意:无论哪个队在星期六获胜,都将参加全国锦标赛。A.That无意义;B.How如何;C.Whether是否;D.Whichever无论哪个。根据“will go through to the national championships”可知,此处是指“无论哪个队在星期六获胜”,所以应用连接代词whichever修饰team引导主语从句。故选D。
    22. D
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:被要求的是你不应该告诉别人你的电脑的密码。空格后面的is 是这句话的谓语,所以空格处是句子的主语,主语从句中的谓语是request,引导词作主语,用what连接主语从句,表示“……的(东西)”,与request是被动关系,结合语境和is可知,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且what作主语时,一般看作单数。故选D。
    23. B
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:为了父母为我们所做的牺牲,我们应该不辜负他们对我们的要求。分析句子可知,空格处引导宾语从句作live up to的宾语,连接代词what引导从句,在从句中作demand的宾语,一般指代事物,常译为“……的事”,demand sth. of sb.“向某人要求(非物质的)东西”是固定搭配。故选B项。
    24. A
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这个作者在书中想要表达的是对她家人的爱和关心。分析句子结构可知,此空引导主语从句,从句中缺少express的宾语,表示“……的东西”,所以用连接代词what引导,故选A。
    25. D
    【解析】考查连词。句意:金融危机是否会很快结束现在就很清楚了。A.since既然;因为; B.what 什么; C.when 当……时候;D.whether 是否。分析可知本句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是clear后的主语从句。主语从句本身不缺少任何成分,故可排除B、C。since引导原因状语从句,也可排除。故选D。
    26. D
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:中国脱贫攻坚战取得了圆满胜利,这让全国上下为之振奋。分析句子结构,________inspires the whole nation是一个主语从句,主语从句中缺少主语,且是指事情,所以应用what。故选D。
    27. A
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:会议上提出了我们是否有足够的资金进行研究的问题。根据句子结构以及句意可知,空格后的从句是the question的具体内容,即两者为同一物体,所以为同位语从句。在同位语从句中,句子结构完整但缺“是否”含义,所以用连接词whether引导同位语从句。故选A。
    28. B
    【解析】考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。句意:所有的中国工人尽他们所能来度过这段艰难的时光。分析句子可知,________ they can为宾语从句,从句省略谓语do,所以设空处在从句中做宾语,意为“所......”,应用what引导;整个句子的谓语是do,那么第二个设空处应是非谓语,表目的,用不定式,短语get through,意为“度过,完成”,根据语境和语法分析,故选B。
    29. C
    【解析】
    考查主语从句和同位语从句。句意:让我最惊讶的是我们队获胜了这条消息。分析句子可知,“surprised me most”部分作 was的主语,主语从句部分,缺乏谓语surprised的主语,故用连接代词what作主语,分析后半部分可知, “our team won”是对news的解释说明,故为同位语从句,分析从句成分可知,从句结构和意思完整,故用连接词that,综述选C。
    30. B
    【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是政府号召我们做的。空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指代事情,应用what引导。故选B。
    31. D
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:新校规能否付诸实施还有待观察。A. that(无意义);B. which哪一个,哪一些;C. what……的人或事物;D. whether是否。分析句子可知,It为形式主语;空格处引导主语从句,引导词whether“是否”引导从句,符合句意,在从句中不充当任何成分。故选D项。
    32. A
    【解析】考查表语从句引导词词义辨析。句意:在一家简单的餐馆里,他通常吃同样的一顿饭,有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。A. where在哪里B. what……的人或事物;C. which哪一个,哪一些;D. that(无意义)。分析句子可知,空格处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,不缺少主语和宾语,不需要连接代词,排除B和C,根据前文“A simple restaurant”可知,连接副词where引导从句,在从句中作地点状语,符合句意。故选A项。
    33. C
    【解析】考查表语从句引导词。句意:——真是一团糟!你总是很懒!——不应该责怪我,妈妈。是你让我成为这个样子的。分析句子可知,空处引导一个表语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语补足语,应用连接代词what引导。故选C项。
    34. B
    【解析】考查表语从句。句意:你说每个人都是平等的,这是我不同意的地方。空格处引导表语从句,和系动词is构成系表结构。表语从句中的谓语动词disagree是一个不及物动词,后面不需要直接加宾语。排除C项,A、D项意思与句意不相符。故选B项。
    【点睛】
    35. D
    【解析】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意:我们都认同他的信念,即真正的手工艺是可以延续一生的财富。分析可知,第一空为同位语从句,解释belief的具体内容,从句成分完整,用that仅起连接作用,无实义;第二空为定语从句,关系词指代先行词treasure(指物)并在从句中作主语,用that或which引导,故选D。
    36. C
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:——嘿,乔,看看你!是什么让你这么高兴?——我儿子已经通过了期末考试。what在问句中充当主语,所以回答what应用主语从句。从句中不缺少意思和成分,所以应用that引导。故选C。
    37. A
    【解析】考查主语从句。句意:战士们在抗洪战斗中牺牲了,这使许多人感到悲痛。 分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故应用只起连接作用的that引导。故选A。
    38. B
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:如果你已经开始写感谢信,你可能已经知道你要给谁写信,你要感谢他们什么。第一个宾语从句“you'll be writing to”后缺少介词to的宾语,且是指写给谁,是指人,所以可用who引导第一个宾语从句。第二个宾语从句“you are thanking them for”中缺少介词for的宾语,此处是指为了什么感谢他们,所以应用what引导。故选B。
    39. C
    【解析】考查宾语从句的语序。句意:直到最近几年,科学家和教师才开始了解学习障碍以及如何处理它们。空格处与前面的“learning disabilities”并列均作understand的宾语,宾语从句要用陈述语序,且deal with和how连用,do with和what连用,故选C。
    40. D
    【解析】考查表语从句。句意:随着城市中汽车数量的快速增长,一个主要问题是汽车可以停在哪里。空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,表示“在哪里”应用where引导。故选D。
    41. A
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:我们为你已经取得的成就感到骄傲。你也应该感到自豪。空格引导的从句是of的宾语,且所填词在从句中作have accomplished的宾语,此处表示“什么”,使用连接代词what引导。故选择A。
    42. A
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:瓦利出生在普拉,也就是现在的克罗地亚,她于20世纪30年代中期在意大利首次出演电影。分析可知,空格所在的部分是介词in的宾语从句,且从句缺少主语,故用连接代词,且指代某个地方,应用what。故选A。
    43. A
    【解析】考查同位语从句和表语从句。句意:奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖的消息震惊了全世界。第一空引导同位语从句,解释说明news的内容,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故用在从句中不作成分的that;第二空引导表语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示事物应用what。故选A。
    44. D
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:通过多年的研究已经发现了证据,孩子们早期的睡眠问题可能随着长大会继续。通过分析句子结构可知,本句为同位语从句,解释说明evidence的内容,从句不缺少成分且句意完整,所以用that连接。故选D。
    45. B
    【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:他,一个善良的人,总是考虑他能做什么来帮助有困难的人。由主句谓语动词thinks about可知此处是一个宾语从句,缺少连接词,根据宾语从句he can do中缺少宾语,可知要用连接词what,“什么”,充当do的宾语。故选B项。
    46. B
    【解析】考查it的用法。句意:就我所知,他从不食言;你放心,他会准时来见你的。分析句子可知,分号后面为宾语从句,rely on“依靠”后缺少宾语,“that he'll come to meet you on time”为宾语从句,此处用代词it放在on前作形式宾语来指代宾语从句。故选B项。
    47. C
    【解析】考查名词性从句和连词。句意:要接受他们,给他们以鼓励,让他们能像你一样过得丰多彩,充实美满。第一空考查宾语从句,从句中缺少表语,且指人,所以用连接词who引导;第二空考查“as +形容词+a/an+名词+ as ”结构。故选C。
    48. D
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有证据表明会议确实召开过。分析可知,空后的从句中不缺成分,句意完整,且从句是对evidence的解释说明,所以是同位语从句,用that引导。故选D项。
    49. A
    【解析】考查非谓语动词和关系词。句意:第二天早上,托尼穿着围裙,带着给她的早餐然后问她是否需要帮助她穿衣。根据句意可知,主语Tony和动词wear构成主动关系,且句子谓语动词是brought,第一处故填现在分词wearing作定语。第二空处是否需要,whether引导宾语从句。故选A。
    50. D
    【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:毫无疑问,总有一天会找到治愈的方法。A. whether是否;B. if是否;C. what什么;D. that引导名词性从句,只起连接作用、无实意。此处是doubt的同位语从句,从句句意齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选D项。

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