高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars练习题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars练习题，共13页。

1.Few peple had a bad (生理反应) t COVID-19 vaccines in China.
2.China and the United States share similar gals when it cmes t (气候) change, which culd help inspire ther cuntries t wrk tgether t cntrl greenhuse gas emissin.
3.Sme students in ur schl wh majr in science want t be a (物理学家) in the future.
4.The curses will include physics, chemistry and b .
5.His sn was lightly injured in a car c a few days befre and sn recvered.
6.A lt f man-made s have been sent int space.
Ⅱ.选用适当的单词填空
1. he said at the meeting astnished everybdy present. (What/That)
2.Des matter if he can finish the jb n time?(that/it)
3. breaks the law shuld be punished. (Anyne/Whever)
4.What the peple desire in the area (is/are) fresh water.
5. yu dn't like him is nne f my business. (That/Whether)
6. I accept the gift r nt is nne f yur business. (If/Whether)
7. (Whatever/That)peple did at that time culdn't meet the demands f the bss.
8. has helped t save the drwning girl is wrth praising. (Wh/Whever)
9.It wrried her a bit her shes were wrn ut. (fr/that)
10. is a fact that Chinese has attracted much attentin. (This/It)
Ⅲ.选用适当的连接词完成句子(每词限用一次)
whether, what, wh, if, which, when, why, hw, where, that
1. he wn first prize in the English cntest surprised all f us.
2. we will g t visit Hng Kng in this winter vacatin remains unknwn.
3. will take the place f Mr. Li as ur new headmaster hasn't been decided.
4. caused the accident t happen hasn't been made clear yet.
5.— we will spend ur hliday has nt been decided.
—I hpe t g abrad.
6. Nie Haisheng eats his fd in space is what we want t knw.
7. she'll be back depends much n the weather.
8. he did it will remain a puzzle frever.
9. f the brthers brke the windw hasn't been fund ut.
10.It is uncertain there is life n ther planets.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1.Teachers shuldn't scld students in the (present) f ther students.
2.He pulled dwn the shades, blcking the bright sunlight.
3.The (disappear) f her necklace caused her anxiety.
4.Whether we will g fr a hliday abrad depends whether we can set aside enugh mney.
5.N ne can predict exactly will happen in the future.
6.Befre lng, the nise died dwn and the bat began t g (gentle) acrss the water.
7.In recent years, there have been many cases f (vilent) relating t guns in the United States.
8.There were several (thery) abut the way in which the fire started.
9.Many parents want their children t take sme extra curses (develp) their hbbies when they are yung.
10.The newly married cuple have agreed t take turns (d) the husewrk.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021安徽省示范高中培优联盟高二联赛,)
Unslved Mysteries abut the Planet Earth
◆Mystery 1: Where did all the water cme frm?
Water cvers 70 percent f Earth's surface and earns it the nickname “the blue planet”. And where did it cme frm? The mst ppular scientific thery states that the water came frm several vilent asterids (小行星) filled with ice. Anther suggests that the water actually has been arund since Earth's frmatin. Hwever it happened, thugh, it's certainly wrked ut well fr Earth's life frms.
◆Mystery 2: What abut all the xygen?
Anther thing is the planet's xygen. Tiny creatures released xygen as a waste prduct, filling the atmsphere with it. After that, the level f xygen in Earth's atmsphere went wildly up and dwn until it finally calmed dwn arund 540 millin years ag. Since then, it's remained at abut the level we experience tday. But what caused it t be suddenly steady?
◆Mystery 3: What caused the Cambrian (寒武纪) explsin?
The Cambrian explsin refers t the explsin f cmplex life frms that ccurred n Earth abut 540 millin years ag. Befre then, life had cnsisted mstly f bacteria. But at the beginning f the Cambrian Perid, cmplex creatures began develping at a rate never seen befre. Suddenly, life frms had brains, eyes, and bnes. Mst living creatures tday can trace their bld back t the Cambrian Perid.
◆Mystery 4: Will we ever be able t predict earthquakes?
We still haven't been able t cme up with a way t accurately predict earthquakes. We can certainly try, but ur current technlgy cannt predict them exactly. We knw that earthquakes start when rcks crack undergrund and earthquake waves are sent tward the surface, but we haven't figured ut why that happens, r hw t predict it.
1.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the text?
A.Earth is called “the blue star” because f water cverage.
B.The level f xygen has been steady all the time.
C.Cmplex creatures had rapid develpment at the beginning f the Cambrian Perid.
D.We knw nthing abut predicting earthquakes.
2.Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Mystery 4?
A.It is the ldest mystery f the fur.
B.It will be slved in the near future.
C.It is the mst difficult mystery t slve f the fur.
D.It is a matter that is f practical significance.
3.Where is this text mst likely frm?
A.A diary.
B.A gegraphy bk.
C.A nvel.
D.A guidebk.
Ⅱ.完形填空
()
Having said gdbye t his parents, Alvin, with his wife Clare and their ne-year-ld sn Alex, headed back hme. Still 1 , Alvin and Clare talked and laughed happily. And even little Alex 2 frm time t time. The family were 3 their trip.
But abut three hurs later, things began t 4 . It started t snw. Alvin sped up the car, 5 t arrive hme befre dark. But it was t dangerus t drive fast. Because it was snwing mre and mre heavily, Alvin had t 6 dwn. The snw n the 7 was getting deeper and deeper until it was hard t 8 n it. Their car slipped(滑落) ff the way and gt stuck in the deep snw 9 the engine refused t start again.
“The snw desn't seem t 10 . Shall we stay in the car waiting t be frzen t death r walk ahead thrugh the snw?” Alvin asked. Clare said she 11 t walk. S they gt ut f the car with their sn and began walking. But there was 12 t cme. Sn they lst their 13 and had t walk aimlessly n and n.
Night fell. They were nt afraid f the dark. But they were 14 that pr Alex wuld die f cld. Hwever, their faith t keep Alex 15 made them filled with curage, warmth and strength. They 16 and rested in turn and then cntinued their walk. They had cuntless falls but each time true lve encuraged them t rise t their 17 again.
One, tw, days passed. On the eighth day, 18 at last came frm Alvin's parents,the plice and lcal peple. But the yung 19 had t have their feet cut ff because f the bad frstbite(冻伤). Frtunately, there was 20 seriusly wrng with little Alex.
B.srry
C.wrried D.eager
B.jumped
C.smiled D.sang
B.having
C.enjying D.starting
B.change
C.cme D.finish
B.deciding
C.thinking D.hping
B.slwC.gD.lk
B.highwayC.fieldD.car
B.sitC.stayD.wait
B.butC.rD.fr
B.endC.cntinueD.melt
B.preferred
C.decided D.wished
B.smething
C.nthing D.wrse
B.luck
C.way D.mney
B.afraid
C.srry D.sure
B.silent
C.alive D.dead
B.walked
C.watched D.ran
B.eyes
C.hands D.feet
B.help
C.luck D.news
B.wife
C.cuple D.baby
B.anything
C.smething D.nthing
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021独家原创试题,)
Many cuntries have been explring space fr many decades, 1 (particular) the US and cuntries in Eurpe. The success f the Chang'e 5 missin marks a cnclusin f China's current lunar explratin prject.
The successful re-entry and landing f the Chang'e 5 capsule has enabled China t btain ur first lunar samples, 2 (mark) a new start fr lunar and planetary research. The primary gal f Chang'e 5 is t get things back, 3 will imprve the understanding f the state, temperature and material cntent f the mn. This infrmatin is vital t the understanding f the mn and will help in making plans fr 4 (far) explratin.
China views these effrts 5 part f the wrld's lunar explratin. Next, China plans t explre the suth ple f the mn and is cnsidering making jint effrts t build 6 universal lunar research statin. N ne knws what risks Earth will face in the future, and a “backup planet” 7 (nt find) yet. It might be 8 (cmfrt) t think abut prblems like a dmsday 9 interstellar migratin(迁移). Still, it will be prmising fr humanity if cmpetent and respnsible cuntries, including China, cntinue t explre the 10 (mysterius) f space.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案全解全析
Part 2 Learning abut Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.climate 3.physicist 4.bilgy 5.crash 6.satellites
Ⅱ 2.it 3.Whever 4.is 5.That 6.Whether
7.Whatever 8.Whever 9.that 10.It
Ⅲ 2.Whether 3.Wh 4.What 5.Where 6.Hw
7.When 8.Why 9.Which 10.if
Ⅳ 考查名词。in the presence f在……面前。
2.ut 考查固定短语。blck ut挡住。
3.disappearance 考查名词。设空处位于定冠词the和介词f之间,并且在句中作主语,因此应该用名词。
4.n/upn 考查固定短语。depend n/upn决定于;取决于。
5.what 考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句,并且在从句中作主语,表示“什么”,故填what。
6.gently 考查副词。设空处作状语,故用副词。
7.vilence 考查名词。设空处作宾语,由语境可知此处应用名词。故填vilence。
8.theries 考查名词复数。several后接复数名词。
9.t develp 考查不定式。根据语境可知此处是动词不定式作目的状语。
10.t d 考查不定式。take turns t d sth.轮流做某事。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球的四个未解之谜。
1.C 细节理解题。根据Mystery 3中的“But at the beginning f the Cambrian Perid, cmplex creatures began develping at a rate never seen befre.”可知,复杂生命体在寒武纪初期迅速发展。故选C。根据文章Mystery 1中的“Water cvers 70 percent f Earth's surface and earns it the nickname ‘the blue planet’.”可知,地球是行星,被称为“the blue planet”而不是star,故A项错误;根据Mystery 2中的“After that, the level f xygen in Earth's atmsphere went wildly up and dwn until it finally calmed dwn arund 540 millin years ag.”可知,氧气的浓度在五亿多年前才稳定下来,并不是一直都稳定,故B项错误;根据Mystery 4中的“We still haven't been able t cme up with a way t accurately predict earthquakes.”可知,我们对地震有一定了解,但还无法准确预测,故D项错误。
2.D 推理判断题。根据Mystery 4中的“We knw that earthquakes start when rcks crack undergrund and earthquake waves are sent tward the surface, but we haven't figured ut why that happens, r hw t predict it.”并结合生活实际可知,能不能准确地预测地震这个问题具有极其现实的意义,目前对人类来说生死攸关,所以选项D的描述正确。文中未提及哪个谜是四个之中最古老的、准确预测地震可在近期实现以及哪个是最难解之谜,故A、B、C项不正确。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。文中讲到了水之谜、氧气之谜、复杂生命体之谜、地震之谜,再结合文中的关键词Earth和标题“Unslved Mysteries abut the Planet Earth (关于地球的未解之谜)”可推知,此文最有可能来自地理书。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.release vt.释放,放出;公布,发布 2.cmplex adj.复杂的 3.cnsist f 由……组成 t... 把……追溯到…… 5.cme up with 提出;想出 6.accurately adv.准确地;精确地 7.current adj.现在的;流通的 n.趋势;(水、气、电)流 8.exactly adv.精确地;确切地 9.figure ut理解;弄清楚;算出;想出;解决
长难句分析
原句 We knw that earthquakes start when rcks crack undergrund and earthquake waves are sent tward the surface, but we haven't figured ut why that happens, r hw t predict it.
分析 本句是并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句。but前的分句中that surface是that引导的宾语从句,作动词knw的宾语。but后的分句中why that happens和hw t predict it是r连接的并列的宾语从句。
句意 我们知道当岩石在地下裂开,地震波被传送到地表时地震开始,但我们还没弄懂那为什么发生,也没弄清如何预测它。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Alvin一家三口在探亲回家的路上遭遇大雪,后来汽车无法启动,夫妇两人带着让孩子活下去的信念艰难前行,最终获救。
1.A 根据下文“Alvin and Clare talked and laughed happily”可知他们很兴奋。
2.C 根据语境及上文“even”可判断出Alex也是开心的,故smiled符合语境。
3.C 根据上文语境可知一家人都很开心,说明他们很享受(enjy)这次旅行。
4.B 根据“But”和下文“It started t snw.”可知此处表示事情开始变化。
5.D 根据上文“Alvin sped up the car”可判断出Alvin希望(hpe)能在天黑前到家。
6.B 根据上文“But it was t dangerus t drive fast.”可知Alvin不得不放慢车速。slw dwn减速。
7.B 根据常识,车应该是在公路上行驶,所以highway符合语境。
8.C 句意:公路上的雪越来越厚了,以至于很难停留在公路上。此处表示“停留”,故选C。
9.A 根据语境可知前后为顺承关系,故用and。
10.B 句意:看来雪不会停了。end符合语境。
11.B 根据上文“Shall we stay in the car waiting t be frzen t death r walk ahead thrugh the snw?”可知此处是表示Clare在这两个建议之间做出选择,所以用preferred(更喜欢)。
12.D 根据下文“Sn they lst their 13 and had t walk aimlessly n and n.”可知更糟糕的情况(wrse)发生了。
13.C 根据下文“walk aimlessly”可知他们迷路了。lse ne's way某人迷路了。
14.B 根据上文“They were nt afraid f the dark.”和“But”可知此处表示他们担心(afraid)Alex会被冻死。
15.C 根据上文可知他们担心孩子被冻死,所以他们要努力让孩子活下来。
16.A 句意:他们轮流睡觉和休息,然后继续前行。slept符合语境。
17.D 根据上文“They had cuntless falls but each time true lve encuraged them...”可知他们摔倒后,一想起孩子,就受到鼓舞站起来。rise t ne's feet站起来。
18.B 根据下文可知Alvin的父母、警察和当地人帮助了他们。
19.C 根据“their feet”可知此处指这对年轻夫妇(cuple)的脚被严重冻伤。
20.D 根据上文的“Frtunately”可判断出Alex没受什么重伤,故选D。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过简要介绍中国嫦娥五号探月工程,展示了中国以及世界对太空的不懈探索。
1.particularly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,意为“尤其是”,故填particularly。
2.marking 考查现在分词。句意:嫦娥五号太空舱的成功返回和着陆使我国获得了首批月球样本,标志着(我国)月球和行星研究的新起点。分析句子结构可知,此处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填marking。
3.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:嫦娥五号的主要目标是取回东西,这些东西将有助于人们了解月球的状态、温度和物质含量。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的things,故填which。
4.further 考查形容词的比较级。句意:该信息对了解月球是至关重要的,并将有助于制订进一步的探索计划。根据句意可知,此处表示“更进一步的,更深入的”;further有两个意思:一个是更远距离的,另一个是更进一步的,更深入的。故填further。
易错分析
该题容易误填farther。farther虽然也是far的比较级,但farther只能指具体距离上的更远的,不能表示抽象含义上的“更深入的”,故只能填further。
5.as 考查介词。句意:中国将这些努力视为世界月球探索的一部分。根据(将……看作……)这一用法可知此处应填as。
6.a 考查冠词。句意:接下来,中国计划探索月球南极,并正在考虑共同努力建立一个世界月球研究站。根据句意可知,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,且universal以辅音音素开头, 故填a。
7.has nt been fund 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:没人知道地球未来会面临什么风险,而且“备用星球”还没有找到。根据句意及空后的yet可知此处应用现在完成时态;a“backup planet”与find之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;and后的分句的主语是第三人称单数形式,谓语也应用第三人称单数。
8.uncmfrtable 考查形容词。句意:考虑像世界末日或星际迁移这些问题可能会让人不舒服。设空处作表语,应用形容词;再结合后文的内容,尤其是prblems可推知这是让人不舒服的事情,因此要用形容词uncmfrtable。故填uncmfrtable。
9.r 考查连词。句意同上。根据空前后的内容及语境可知,此处表示“或者”,故填r。
10.mystery 考查名词。句意:不过,如果包括中国在内的有能力和负责任的国家继续探索太空的奥秘,这对人类来说将是有希望的。根据空前的the和空后的f可知此空应用名词,表示“奥秘”。故填mystery。
【高频词汇】 1.current adj.当前的;现在的 2.explratin n.探索;探测;探究 3.btain v.获得 4.jint adj.联合的;共同的 5.cmpetent adj.有能力的;胜任的;称职的