八年级英语上册期末复习知识点新人教版

Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.grow up成长；长大      every day每天     be sure about对……有把握    make sure确信；务必send…to…把……送到……   be able to能    the meaning of……的意思    different kinds of不同种类的write down写下；记下       have to do with关于；与……有关系         take up开始做；学着做hardly ever几乎不；很少     too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能be going to+动词原形  打算做某事     practice doing练习做某事    keep on doing sth.不断地做某事learn to do sth.学会做某事        finish doing sth.做完某事      promise to do sth.许诺去做某事help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事   remember to do sth.记住做某事   agree to do sth.同意做某事love to do sth.喜爱做某事          want to do sth.想要做某事     1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb. sth.  _____ My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time.promise n. 允诺， 诺言 make a promiseLily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.2.when 与 while 的区别：when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.When she arrives, I’ll call you.while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生， while  还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.  3. practice vt.  练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。Your elder sister is practicing playing the guitar in the room.常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡： can’t help , mind, escape.不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine.4. everyday 与 every day 区别everyday  adj. 每天的   在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework.every day  副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day. be going to 的用法1）  be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be.                   否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend?   Yes ,I am.   /    No, I’m not.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？What is he going to do this weekend?   When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming.              My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4) be going to 与 will 的区别：① 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future?         Yes, they will. /  No, they won’t.②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。   I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.③ 陈述将来的某个事实用will.    I will ten years old next year.④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.I’m tired I will go to bed. ⑤ 表示意愿用will.I’ll tell you the truth.⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.I’m going to buy a computer this month.---Let’s discuss the plan, shall we?      ----Not now. I ______ to an interview.A. go          B. went           C. am going            D. was going ------Jack is busy packing luggage.  ---Yes. He _________for America on vacation.A. leaves               B. left          C. is leaving           D. has been away                         Unit 7 Will people have robots?短语：on computers            on paper             live to be 200 years old      free time                     be in danger         on the earth      play a part in sth/doing sth       live on a space station   look for       computer programmer          in the future          huandreds of        the same…as         over and over again           get bored             wake up             look like = be like 像…              fall down用法：  will + 动词原形   将要做     have to do sth   不得不做某事  fewer/more + 可数名词复数  更少/更多…   less/more + 不可数名词   更少/更多           agree with sb.     同意某人的意见              try to do sth.  尽力做某事disagree with sb.     不同意某人的意见         try doing sth.  尝试做某事such + 名词（词组）  如此                   play a part in doing sth  参与做某事make sb do sth      让某人做某事             help sb with sth  帮助某人做某事make sb +adj.       让某人怎么样             help sb (to)do sth  帮助某人做某事make sb. sth.    make me a better person 使我成为更好的人There will be + 主语 + 其他   将会有….       There is/are + sb. + doing sth  有…正在做…It is  + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth  做某事对某人来说…的词语辨析：    1. every 与 each 的区别：every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是三。every adj.every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。 each  adj./ pron.Every teacher knows her. There are lots of trees on each side of the road.Each of the road has a dictionary.2. on the earth  在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. /  What on earth do you mean?3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。 person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为men.He was the only human on the island. There are only three persons in the room.There are many people there.Man is stronger than woman.4. seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法：seem + 名词  看起来。He seems  a nice man.seem like    好像，似乎。   It seemed like a good idea at the time.seem to do sth. 似乎/看起来/好像做某事。  I seem to have left my book at home.It seems/seemed that   看起来好像…, 似乎….    He was very happy.seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。  She seems to be happy.= She seems happy.5. probably ad. maybe 相当于 perhaps. 也许，大概，可能。作状语.probably 用于句中，可能性最大。 He will probably come tomorrow.maybe/perhaps 用于句首。  Maybe/Perhaps you are right.  during / for / in  介词，在……期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during; 说到某事持续多久则用for; 说到某事具体发生的时间用in.We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.I’ve been here for two weeks.They usually leave school in July.一般将来时结构：肯定式： 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他   will 用于各种人称，shall 用于第一人称。主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他         be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。否定式： 在will/shall/be 后面加 not.    will not = won’t .一般疑问句： 将will/shall/be 提到主语前面。There be 句型的一般将来时：There will be + 主语 + 其他 ，意为 ：将会有。一般疑问句形式为： Will there be + 主语 + 其他。肯定回答是： Yes, there will. 否定回答是： No, there won’t.否定形式是：There won’t be + 主语 + 其他， 将不会有……特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组 + 一般疑问句？ When will there be a nice basketball match?Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia______the first hotel in space in the near future.    A. builds     B. will build    C. built    D. has builtThere ______ a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A. will have       B. is going to be      C . is havingIn 50 years there _______more robots in people’s homes.A. were           B. will have      C. will be         D. have--Will people live to be 300 years old?    ---_________.A. No, they aren’t  B. No, they won’t   C. No, they don’t     D. No, they can’t. They ______any classes next week.  A. will have    B. won’t have   C. have  D. had                                                Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?短语：milk shake         turn on       pour into         a cup of yogurt        Sounds like a good idea/plan.   on Saturday        cut up        put into          one more thing=another thing       a piece of bread  at this time    a few/ few （几乎没有）        fill…with…       cover…with…         one by one a long time短语用法：How many + 可数名词复数    How much + 不可数名词     let sb. + do sth.want + to do sth.                 forget + to do sth.               how + to do sth.There are many reasons for         一段时间 +ago                   by + doing sth.need + to do sth.     make + 宾语 + 形容词          It’s time(for sb) + to do sthFirst…Next…Then…Finally…句型：Turn on the blender.             How do you make a banana milk shake?How many bananas do we need?                    How much yogurt do we need?Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles!语法：主谓一致判断法：  不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。  动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。  either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also..连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。  在here, there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。*词语辨析：  turn on  打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是turn off.   turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。  pour…into…    将…倒入/灌入…    into 是：进入…     in 是：在…内。在put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后，既可用in，也可用into。但in可作副词，into不能。He put all the books in/into the bag.      Come in!3. 有关make 的短语： make the bed  铺床      make tea   沏茶       make trouble  惹麻烦make money   赚钱       make a decision  做决定          make a telephone call  打电话make a visit  拜访      make a mistake   犯错误         make a noise   弄出噪音make a living   谋生     make sure  务必4. one more thing = another one thing    基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词5. fill with 用…填充…  be filled with  = be full of   充满….The boy filled the bottle with sand.    /   The bag was full of clothes.6. cover…with…  用…把…覆盖     be covered with   被…所覆盖。  cover n. 封面，盖子。Ann covered her face with her hands.      /  The cover of the magazine is nice.7. It’s time (for sb) to do sth.    到某人做某事的时候了。It’s time for sth.   到做某事的时候了。                                   Unit 9 Can you come to my party?短语：on Saturday afternoon        have to        prepare for an exam       go to the doctor/dentist    have the flu       help  my parents      come to the party      meet my friend      go to the party      too much homework       go to the movies     another time     last fall     hang out     after school      on the weekend       study for a test            visit grandparents   the day before yesterday        the day after tomorrow      look afterhave a piano lesson     accept an invitation        turn down an invitationtake a trip         at the end of this month          at the beginning of this month   look forward to doing sth.     the opening of          go shopping       too much homework            go to the concert             not…untilreply in writing 书面回复           reply to sth/sb. 回复   短语用法：invite sb. to do sth.     What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 （+ 主语 + 谓语）！help sb. (to) do sth         What + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！be sad to do sth.                  see sb to do sth  /  see sb doing sththe best way to do sth.            have a surprise party for sbWhat’s today?           What’s the date today?          What day is it today?句型：Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?Sure, I’d love to.  /  Sorry， I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam.  prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。  prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。  /  prepare to do sth  准备做某事。 prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①be ready(for sth．)②get sth. ready ③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)We _____ the mid-term examination.Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class.2. have the flu 患感冒  have a cold  感冒    have a cough   咳嗽    have a fever  发烧   have a sore throat   喉咙痛    have a headache    头痛    have a toothache  牙痛3. hang out 常去某处，泡在某处  hang on  紧紧抓住     hang about 闲荡  hang up  挂电话，悬挂，挂起4. catch you = bye bye   catch a cold   感冒    catch sb’s eye  引起某人注意   catch the train  赶上火车 catch up with  赶上，，跟上     catch hold of   抓住5.accept 接受 , 反义词为： refuse。  accept指主观上愿意接受，receive 收到，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。 I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.  turn down = refuse 拒绝    turn up 放大，调高    turn over 翻身    take turns 依次，轮流  help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事        help sb. with sth  在某方面帮助人   help oneself to sth  随便吃  at the end of  在…末尾，在…尽头，  by the end of   到…末为止     in the end of  终于  surprised 形容词，感到意外的，主语是人be surprised to do sth  对做某事感到意外surprising 形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物  The news was surpring.surprise  名词，惊奇、惊讶 to one’s surprise        动词，使惊奇，使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth.  look forward to  期待，盼望，to 是介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb.hear of = hear about 听说  make it 在约定的时间内到达，能够来 =  arrive in time;   Glad you could make it.商量确定的时间，表示将来某项计划的安排，后接时间状语。 Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday.成功办成某事 = succeed  After years of hard work, he finally made it.  reply  回答，指用口头或书面形式回答，不及物动词  reply to sb/sth.  对…..作出回答。作及物动词，意为 回答，回答说。作名词，意为：答道，回信，答复，后跟介词 to .answer 是最普通的用语，包括口头，书面或行动的回答，可作及物和不及物动词。       Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!go to the party               have a great /good time              stay at home       take the bus                  tomorrow night                      have a class party        have a class meeting           half the class                       make some food    at the party                    order food                           potato chips       be angry with sb.            give sb some advice                travel around the world   go to college                make（a lot of）money                     get an education   work hard                    a soccer player                         keep…to oneself      talk to sb.                   in the end                            be angry at/about sth       make mistakes                 in the future                            run away    the first step                in half        solve a problem          school clean-up习惯用法： ask sb. to do sth        give sb sth.           tell sb. to do sth     it’s too…to do sthbe afraid to do sth.       advise sb to do sth         It’s best (not)to do sth.               need to do sth语法：I think I’ll take the bus to the party.                         If you do, you’ll be late.What will happen if they have the party today?          If they have it today, half the class won’t come.Should we ask people to bring food?      If we ask people to bring food, they’ll just bring potato chips and chocolate.