上海市嘉定区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题

嘉定区2021学年第一学期高三年级第一次质量调研

英语试卷

（满分140分 考试时间120分钟）

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A （10 分）

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. In a furniture store.  B. In a theatre.  

 C. In a restaurant.  D. In a booking office.

2. A. A pilot  B. A doctor.  C. A salesman.  D. A host.

3. A. Worried.  B. Delighted.  C. Frustrated.  D. Angry.

4. A. Watch a movie.   B. Prepare for the test.

 C. Take notes.   D. Go to an evening class.

5. A. The actor should be more professional.

 B. The lead role in the performance is unknown.

 C. The performance is good except for the music.

 D. The music is perfectly nice.

6. A. Language learning.  B. Work schedules.

 C. Favorite hobbies.  D. Leisure activities.

7. A. The traffic is less serious than thought.

 B. It's too far to get to the restaurant on time.

 C. The party will be over before they arrive.

 D. They will arrive at the restaurant very late.

8. A. He doesn't stick to his PC recently.

 B. He thinks chatting online is out of date.

 C. He is still fascinated by chatting online.

 D. He doesn't like chatting online anymore.

9. A. The job interview with the candidates is tough.

 B. The competition among the companies is fierce.

 C. The number of the applications is still increasing.

 D. Few of the candidates will be interviewed at last.

10.  A. The man is not serious about the decision.

 B. It's wise to spend all the night studying.

 C. Staying up late does no good to the exam.

 D. The man should get prepared for the exam.

Section B （15 分）

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage,

11.A. The Watts community.  B. The Watts Towers. .

C. The artist, Simon Rodia.  D. The 1994 Northridge earthquake.

12.A. 33. B.42. C. 75. D.79.

13. A. To help arts education develop better.

 B. To protect the towers from earthquake.

 C. To construct more towers in California.

 D. To charge the tourists more money.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. Seeing the world in different ways.

 B. Contacting peers having various interests.

 C. Building up life skills for the good of others.

 D. Putting values into action in a supportive environment.

15. A. They can get rid of loneliness.

 B. They can get support from other adults.

 C. They can get many personal rewards.

 D. They can get many positive feelings.

16. A. Community activities and volunteer organizations.

 B. Life skills built up in different community activities.

 C. Part of social responsibility and the role models.

 D. Benefits of being involved in community activities.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the fallowing conversation.

17. A. How to perform better in a job interview.

 B. Who is more qualified for the position.

 C. How to work well in stressful situations.

 D. What are confident behaviors in an interview.

18. A. By observing his or her body language.

 B. By asking him or her some questions.

 C. By creating some stressful situations.

 D. By learning his or her academic background.

19.A. She's nervous. B. She's shy. C. She's smart. D. She's talkative.

20.A. Brainpower.  B. Confidence. C. Experience. D. Academic background.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A (10 分)

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain

Having trouble thinking creatively? Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done? Poor sleep could potentially be (21)_________(blame). It turns out lack of sleep can do a number on your brain—and not just in the short term.

Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences. On the other hand, good sleep habits can have lasting benefits. Below arc three research-backed brain benefits of sleep.

Stimulates creativity

Thinking in new, imaginative ways requires a well-rested brain. On the contrary, a brain (22) _________ (suffer) from a lack of sleep is unable to think creatively.

A study (23) _________ (report) in the journal Nature bears this out. For the study, participants learned a task (24) _________they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked. Their initial training (25) _________ (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness.

More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness, regardless of the time of day. The researchers concluded that "sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, (26) _________ (facilitate) obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior."

Reduces depression

Often influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain, depression and sleep problems go hand- in-hand. People with depression may either have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep.

While it's not clear (27) _________lack of sleep causes depression, it can worsen it. Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those (28) _________between.

Solidifies memories

One of sleep's main functions is to help improve memory. It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways (神经通路)(29) _________reducing those it doesn't need. For example, your brain (30) _________ (not need) to keep every sensory impression collected luring your waking hours.

Section B (10 分)

Directions: After reading the passage below,川I in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

Criticisms of Space Tourism

Space tourism is actually not a new or even a 21st-century concept. NASA imagined the possibility of space tourism back in the 1970s. Space tourism was (31)_________ a hopeful              

concept, one focused on increasing access for ordinary citizens to visit space. However, the modem space tourism industry looks different as early ticket (32) _________by Virgin Galactic ranged from S200,000-S250,000; Blue Origin has not announced ticket prices, but it recently sold one seat for 528 million as part of a charity sale. This (33) _________prices access to space well outside the range of all but the extremely wealthy; it's one of the primary criticisms of space tourism today.

Part of the reason space flight is so expensive is that just a few people are carried at a time. "If you want to get to get the price from S25O.OOO down to four (34) _________, like an airline, you have to spread it over far more bodies,”  Ron Epstein, an aerospace analyst. But it might be decades before companies get to that point. The costs for fuel and energy currently don't make it (35) _________to offer space travel to large numbers of people.

Another complaint is that the funds spent on spaceflight might be better spent elsewhere such as solving problems here on Earth. Alan Ladwig, a writer, says this commentary is not without (36)  _________—or historical precedent (先例)as people said the same thing about NASA. "There has been criticism that money spent in space would be better (37) _________to other societal needs. This has been a matter of (38) _________for a range of space activities for the past 60 years and is not likely to change regardless of what happens with space tourism,” he says. And several items we take for granted like memory foam and scratch-resistant eyeglass lenses, came from NASA inventions.

Finally, space tourism is (39) _________for its environmental impact. “The most often talked about，harm' involves pollution caused by black carbon from some spacecraft engines.” Ladwig explains. “Virgin Galactic has (40) _________ this problem, saying its impact on climate change is minor and that it also plans to invest in sustainable fuels for the future. Blue Origin's engines rely on liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that bums as water vapor. However, critics note that it still takes electricity to manufacture the fuels?”

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A (15 分)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked At Bf C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

With a hybrid (混合的)approach to work, the importance of being physically present in a centralized office is greatly reduced, allowing for far more flexible work schedules among employees. In most cases, this means some employees working on-site in the office, some employees working off-site —ither from (41) _________or remotely from another location— and some employees who have the flexibility to switch between the office and working remotely, (42) _________tasks, deadlines, and personal needs.

When businesses adopt hybrid work models, which rely heavily on a remote-first approach, the entire concept of location is (43) _________. By connecting to the workplace using cloud solutions, video conferencing technology, and similar tools, employees do not need to be (44)  _________present in the workplace in order to do their job—although they can be if they prefer to be, or for situations where (45) _________communication is better suited.

This can offer a number of benefits for both employees and employers. (46) _________, on days when bad weather might prevent people from getting into the office, they are still able to work from home. Similarly, if major events make it necessary to (47) _________the workplace—as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic—there will be (48) _________disturbance to operations.

Moreover, the removal of geographical barriers can be extremely advantageous in terms of (49) _________, allowing employers to gain access to a wider talent pool, making it easier to find qualified candidates and build a more diverse and inclusive workforce. With (50) _________work arrangements now among the top benefits sought after by job seekers, companies employing the hybrid model are better positioned to (51) _________top candidates.

Another major benefit associated with flexible work schedules and the hybrid work model is the ability to make a business more (52) _________. This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda. (53) _________, 64 percent of young people say they would not take a job with a company that did not have a promise of social responsibility.

The most significant environmental impact made by the hybrid work model is the largely reduced amount of (54)  _________ among employees. The effects of this are especially significant when there’s a long distance between home and work, which requires employees to use their own cars. Fewer people coming into the office is also likely to reduce the carbon footprint associated with the office itself. All of this can combine to help improve a company s green certificate and aid in positioning the organization as a (55) _________company in the eyes of job seekers and customers.

41. A. office B. enterprise C. home D. department

42. A. succeeding in B. depending on C. taking on D. setting aside

43. A. developed B. removed C. defined D. grasped

44. A. physically B. visually C. instantly D. properly

45. A. business B. regular C. effective D. face-to-face

46. A. In brief B. Above all C. For instance D. In particular

47. A. avoid B. clean C. attend D. reserve

48. A. considerable B. continuous C. unnecessary D. minimal

49. A. judgement B. enrollment C. procedure D. management

50. A. formal B. wise C. flexible D. complex

51. A. compete for B. put up C. vote for D. comb out

52. A. fast-growing B. profitable C. competitive D. sustainable

53. A. Psychologically B. Originally C. Eventually D. Additionally

54. A. work B. travel C. research D. cooperation

55. A. multi-national B. world-famous C. forward-thinking D. peace-loving

Section B （22 分）

Directions: Read the fallowing three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A）

Nearly 40 years ago, Peter Harrison, a marine ecologist witnessed the first recorded large- scale coral bleaching(珊瑚白化)event. Diving in the Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁), he was shocked by the scene before him. "The reef was made up of healthy corals and badly bleached white corals, like the beginnings of a ghost city," he says. Just months before, the same site was filled with colorful tropical life.

“Many of the hundreds of corals that I'd carefully tagged and monitored finally died," he says. “It was shocking and made me aware of just how weak these corals really are.”

Coral exists together with photosynthetic algae(藻类), which live in its tissues and provide essential nutrition （and coloration）. But high temperatures and other stresses can turn algae poisonous. When this occurs, the algae may die or be removed by the coral, a process known as bleaching because the coral’s clear tissue and white calcium carbonate skeleton              are exposed. If the coral can't reestablish its link with algae, it will starve or become ill.

The widespread destruction Harrison saw in 1982 was repeated on many other Pacific Ocean reefs that year and the next. In 1997 and 1998 the phenomenon went global, killing some 16 percent of the world's corals. With rising temperatures, pollution, disease, increased ocean acidity, invasive

species, and other dangers, Harrison's ghost cities are expanding.

Scientists suppose that about four decades ago severe bleaching occurred roughly every 25 years, giving corals time to recover. But bleaching events are coming faster now—about every six years一and in some places soon they could begin to happen annually.

"The absolute key is dealing with global warming," says marine biologist Terry Hughes. 4<No matter how much we clean up the water, the reefs will die." In 2016, a record-hot year in a string of them, 91 percent of the reefs that consist of the Great Barrier Reef bleached.

56.Peter Harrison was shocked when diving in the Great Barrier Reef, because_____________.

A. the reefs were made up of precious corals

B. the corals were ruined badly and quickly

C. he found a ghost city with tropical life

D. he saw the corals he had tagged before

57.Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________________.

A. the causes of coral bleaching

B. the weakness of corals and algae

C. the elements that make algae die

D. the process of building a link with algae

58.The phrase “Harrison's ghost cities” in paragraph 4 most probably refers to________________.

A. global warming B. the polluted ocean

C. the white corals D. invasive species

59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. With algae living in its tissues, coral's white skeleton is exposed.

B. Solving global warming is the real solution to coral bleaching.

C. The reefs die because the water hasn't been cleaned thoroughly.

D. The severest coral bleaching occurred about four decades ago.

60.According to the passage, Shaklee is most probably ________________.

A. a social organization that helps customers

B. a website that offers different shipping services

C. an inquiry department that solves customers’ problems

D. a company that sells various products and services

61. According to the passage, how much should a customer pay if he buys a 5-galIon bucket of cleaner which is sold at 118 dollars and has it delivered with standard service?

A.161.5 dollars.  B. 137.5 dollars.  C. 118 dollars.  D. 153 dollars.

62.The passage is mainly intended to________________.

A. promote the shipping services B. describe the product features

C. introduce the shipping fees  D. prove the advantages of shipping

（C）

On a September afternoon in 1940, four teenage boys made their way through the woods on a hill overlooking Montignac in southwestern France. They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor(庄园)of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old.

The collection of paintings in Lascaux is among some 150 prehistoric sites dating from the Paleolithic period(旧石器时代)that have been documented in France's Vezere Valley. This comer of southwestern Europe seems to have been a hot spot for figurative art. The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide 22,000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France. Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos (犀牛) and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400,000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas(画布) . The site, now known as Chauvet-Pont-1 'Arc Cave, is sometimes considered the Sistine Chapel of prehistory.

For decades scholars had theorized that art had advanced in slow stages from ancient scratchings to lively, naturalistic interpretation. Surely the delicate shading and elegant lines of Chauvet's masterworks placed them at the top of that progression. Then carbon dates came in, and prehistorians felt shocked. At some 36,000 years old—nearly twice as old as those in Lascaux— Chauvet’s images represented not the peak of prehistoric art but its earliest known beginnings.

The search for the world's oldest cave paintings continues. On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, for example, scientists found a large room of paintings of part-human, part-animal beings that are estimated to be 44,000 years old, older than any figurative art seen in Europe.

Scholars don't know if art was invented many times over or if it was a skill developed early in our evolution. What we do know is that artistic expression runs deep in our ancestry.

63. According to the passage, where did the boys find the paintings?

A. In the woods on a hill. B. In a deep cave in France.

C. In a manor of Lascaux. D. On an Indonesian island.

64.According to the passage, figurative art in paragraph 2 is a form of art that________________

A. conveys concepts by using accurate numbers and forms

B. makes stories in contrast to scientific subjects

C. represents persons or things in a realistic way

D. expresses ideas or feelings by using shapes and patterns

65.It can be inferred from the passage that________________.

A. the Chauvet's paintings had been sealed by a rockslide until 1994

B. the style of Chauvet's paintings is similar to that of the Sistine Chapel

C. Chauvet's images arc the earliest figurative paintings that have been found

D. the main objects of Chauvet's images are part-human, part-animal beings

66.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Value of Paleolithic Artwork

B. Preservation of Figurative Art

C. Artistic Expressions of Nature

D. Searches fbr Cave Paintings

Section C （8 分）

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the

Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need,

Is It Smarter Than a Seven-month-old?

By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. Put a toy under a blanket and a child that old will know it is still there, and that he can reach underneath the blanket to get it back. (67) ___________.

It is also something that self-driving cars do not have. And that is a problem. Autonomous vehicles are getting better, but they still don't understand the world in the way that a human being does. For a self-driving car, a bicycle that is momentarily hidden by a passing van is a bicycle that has ceased to exist.

This failing is basic to the now-widespread computing discipline that has claimed to be the slightly misleading name of artificial intelligence (Al). Current Al works by building up complex statistical models of the world, but it lacks a deeper understanding of reality. (68) ___________.

 Modem Al is based on the idea of machine learning. If an engineer wants a computer to recognize a stop sign, he does not try to write thousands of lines of code that describe every pattern of pixels (像素)which could possibly indicate such a sign. (69) ___________.Over many repetitions, the program gradually works out what features all of these pictures have in common.

(70) ___________.Cars thus learn how to obey lane markings, avoid other vehicles, hit the brakes at a red light and so on. But they do not understand many things a human driver takes for granted—that other cars on the road have engines and four wheels, or that they obey traffic regulations (usually) and the laws of physics (always). And they do not understand object permanence.

IV.  Summary writing (10 分)

Directions: Read the fallowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

How Career Planning Can Help You Get Ahead

Are you feeling trapped in a boring and unfulfilling job? Or maybe you're looking for a job but you're not clear on which career direction you should pursue? No matter what stage of your career you find yourself in, career planning can help you establish a focused vision and achieve your full potential in your career

Career planning is the process of setting goals for career advancement and creating a roadmap of concrete action steps to achieve those goals. Although career planning requires time and effort, it has many benefits. First, by establishing a long-term goal to work toward, you'll find clarity in your career path and renewed motivation for your daily boring activities. A career plan can also provide you with an escape route from an unpromising job.

Career planning will also help you recognize and take advantage of opportunities to advance your career. The goals you set during career planning will influence all of your later strategic decisions. Since you know what you hope to achieve in your career, you'll be able to evaluate job openings and other opportunities to determine if they fit your plan for reaching your objectives.

Finally, career planning is an effective tool for success in advancing your career. Benefits of career advancement include earning a higher salary, achieving increased job satisfaction, improving your skills and expertise, and gaining access to exciting new opportunities. Career advancement might look like moving upward to a leadership role, transferring to a new occupation, receiving specialty training, or taking on increased responsibility.

In order to advance in your career and achieve your goals, you need to not only create a career plan but also develop the skills needed to qualify for your ideal position.

V. Translation (15 分)

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 排队时，务必与他人保持安全距离。(sure)

73. 家中要常备手电筒等应急物品，以备不时之需。(incase)

74. 正是民间艺术家们的大胆尝试、不断创新，才使传统技艺得到了保护和发展。(It)

75. 昨天发布的报告称，目前还缺乏足够的数据来确定不明飞行物究竟是何物。(determine)

VI. Guided writing (25 分)

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

近年来，盲盒(mysteryboxes)在学生中受欢迎程度不断攀升。下图为风华中学学生会 对高中生购买盲盒情况的调查，根据调査结果为校报写一篇报道，内容必须包括：

1.简要描述调查结果；

2.分析造成此现象的原因和你的看法。