2019全国1卷完形填空 精深(共58张PPT)课件PPT

这是一份2019全国1卷完形填空 精深(共58张PPT)课件PPT，共58页。PPT课件主要包含了背景知识，CONTENTS，Tips，话题与文体，结构与主线，考点分布，精深解读，逻辑关系，词汇意识，逻辑词汇等内容，欢迎下载使用。
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说起乞力马扎罗山，热爱文学的小伙伴肯定不陌生，海明威名作《乞力马扎罗的雪》中对于生与死的描写不禁让人深思；而对于憧憬远方的人，文中对乞力马扎罗的描写也令人心生向往。可是谁能想到，我们会和她邂逅在2019高考的考场上 —— 全国1卷的完形填空将我们带到了神秘而美丽的乞力马扎罗。
但是，可能对于很多考生来说，这篇完形只有“神秘”没有“美丽”。这篇完形，可以说承载了英语1卷最多的亮 (槽) 点。下面，就让我们一起来探讨下这篇完形填空，一起走进乞力马扎罗山。
乞力马扎罗山是坦桑尼亚人心中的骄傲。据传，在很久很久以前，天神降临到这座高耸入云的高山。盘踞在山中的妖魔鬼怪为了赶走天神，在山腹内部点起了一把大火，滚烫的熔岩随着熊熊烈火喷涌而出。妖魔的举动激怒了天神，他呼来了雷鸣闪电瓢泼大雨把大火扑灭，又召来了飞雪冰雹把冒着烟的山口填满，这就是今天看到的这座赤道雪山，地球上一个独特的风景在坦桑尼亚人民中间传诵，使大山变得神圣而威严无比。
乞力马扎罗山高高的山顶白雪皑皑，山腰云雾缭绕，充满着神奇莫测的气氛，尤其是黄昏的时候，山顶的云雾偶尔散去，银白晶莹的峰顶在金色的夕阳余辉照耀之下，露出妖艳的容颜，显得五彩缤纷，绚丽灿烂。多少世纪以来，许多当地人认为乞力马扎罗山是“上帝的宝座”，对它敬若神明，流传着许多精彩而美丽的民间传说故事。
针对网上很多吐槽不知道是什么山的考生，建议对于英语中一些常见的人名和地名，大家还是记起来，有时候那不仅仅是一个名字，更多的可能是一个故事，一种文化。
热门话题 —— 新课标话题人与自然下自然与环境一题。但这篇完形的主线又与一般环保文章略有不同，这篇文章侧重facts和changes。
人与自然 —— 自然与环境话题常见话题词汇(新方略Unit 30 标红为文中出现词汇)：
往年完形记叙文居多。今年的完形有些复杂，行文有记叙、说明以及议论三种体裁的混合。
从这篇不走寻常路的完形，可以看出高考的文章越来越多样化，不能拘泥于某个话题就是固定内容，某个题型就是某种文体，否则会对考试心理产生影响。
乞力马扎罗山的污染问题
对上述问题提出质疑，并进行验证、说明
waste, damage, disappear, change
ther destinatins, purer skeptical
g thrugh five ecsystems the best experience
hwever, change a clean muntain effrts, paying ff
deserve the reputatin？N
文章的结构和主线还是十分清晰的，抓住线索词(包括话题词汇和逻辑衔接词等)，就能比较清晰地掌握文章的大意。
除了文章的选择越来越多样化，词汇的考查也是越来越灵活，范围越来越广。熟词生义、一词多义甚至低频词层出不穷，这实际上提高了对词汇量的要求。
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They bring with them lts f waste. The crwds might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the face f Kilimanjar.
从线索词waste, damage, disappearing可知本段讲述乞力马扎罗山面临的问题：大量垃圾，破坏环境，冰川消失。41题根据might damage可知登山者“带来”大量垃圾，这两句之间为因果关系；42题其实指的还是“登山者”，只是换了种说法crwds，意为“那群人”；最后一句话中changing分词短语作结果状语，“冰川在消失，因此改变了乞力马扎罗的面貌”，两者也是因果关系。
Hearing these stries, I’m skeptical abut the place — ther destinatins are described as “purer” natural experiences.
Hearing these stries“听到这些……”stries指第一段提到的waste, damage the beauty和disappearing，即“报道”(与第三段第一句的reprt同义异构)。本段的破折号是一种对比转折，对乞力马扎罗山的报道是“垃圾、破坏”，而其他目的地的报道是“purer”，作者的态度就显而易见了—— skeptical。这是非常关键的一个词，可以说是点题之笔。后面三段进一步印证了这一点。但是skeptical作为低频词给此空增加了难度。
attempt t d sth: [输出词块] 试图做某事crwd: [非正式] (含贬义) 一伙人，一帮人face: [一词多义] (地区、机构或活动领域的) 外观，面貌 （词汇意识--基本义到衍生义--隐喻）
be skeptical abut: [认知语块] 对……怀疑的skeptical : [认低频词] 怀疑的 (skeptic + al)
Hwever, I sn discver that much has changed since the days f disturbing reprts f camps amng tns f rubbish. I find a clean muntain, with tilets at camps and alng the paths. The envirnmental challenges are significant but the effrts made by the Tanzania Natinal Park Authrity seem t be paying ff.
从Hwever和changed可知作者“发现”情况已经改变—— 作者看到的是座“干净”的山，a clean muntain，with结构进一步确定了这一点。最后一句中but是关键词，根据上文可知环境已经改观，那么为环保所做的努力定是“pay ff”；综合来看，最后一句要表达的是虽然难度“很大”，但是“取得成效”
disturbing: [派生词] 令人不安的 (disturb + ing)；significant: [熟词生义] 相当大的 (基本义“意义重大的”);pay ff: [输出词块] 成功，奏效
The best f a Kilimanjar experience, in my pinin, isn’t reaching the tp. Muntains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident n Kilimanjar as climbers g thrugh five ecsystems (生态系统) in the space f a few kilmeters.
这几句是本段的主要内容——攀登乞力马扎罗山最棒的体验是……，reaching the tp和第二段的ther destinatins are described as “purer” natural experiences对此空都有提示。比较难的是view的选择，但是从其上一句很多山被“视为……”，可知这是一种“观点”。
experience: [精准的汉语释义] 体验 对应逻辑关系 reach the tpbe regarded as: [输出词块]被视为…… 对应逻辑关系 this viewspiritual: [构词法] 精神 (上) 的 (spirit + ual)；语义衍生为--神圣的g thrugh: [输出词块；一词多义] 穿过，经历
At the base is a rainfrest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, giving way t lands f lw grwing plants. Further up, the weather changes — lw cluds envelp the muntainsides, which are cvered with thick grass. I cunt twelve shades f green frm where I stand.
整个语段层次十分清晰：前三句总述，后面依次介绍五种生态系统。这几句话介绍从山脚到海拔3000米的生态系统：山脚是雨林，海拔3000米变为低矮植物，低矮植物“取代”了雨林；生态系统改变，天气也随之“改变”。而cunt的选择是根据上文对多种植物的描写，植被多样化，绿色深浅不一，作者能“数”出12种之多，cunt与twelve 构成句内逻辑关系。
base: [精准的汉语释义] 基底，底座 (此处指山脚)；abruptly: [低频词] 突然地；give way t: [熟词生义] 被……替代 (基本义为“给……让路，让位于……”，此处引申为“被……取代”)；envelp: [课标外词] 笼罩；shade: [熟词生义] 浓淡深浅，色度 与twelve 构成句内逻辑关系。
Abve 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (砾石), stnes and rcks. Finally yu climb int an arctic-like zne with permanent snw and the glaciers that may sn disappear.
最后描写海拔4000米到山顶的生态系统：高原荒漠和雪山。highland desert与gravel, stnes and rcks构成句内逻辑关系；permanent与arctic-like zne构成句内逻辑关系。permanent: [低频词] 永久的
Des Kilimanjar deserve its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lines f turists ruining the atmsphere f peace? I fund the ppsite t be true.
最后一段明确作者态度：人满为患，垃圾遍山，对这一“美誉”，乞力马扎罗山“担当不起”。deserve the reputatin 名不虚传，实至名归
1. 整篇文章，不论是句内，段内还是段落间，逻辑性都比较强，这是完形填空的题型特点。所以任何一词，一句都不可怠慢。2. 低频词较往年偏多。对于低频词，一般都不够重视，出现频率低也就容易忽略，且难于记忆。在此总结两个记忆低频词的方法：构词法和词源。3. 一词多义和熟词生义依然是考查的重点难点。死记硬背是记不完的，只有掌握了释义的内在规律，才能举一反三融会贯通。
每年约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰 —— 乞力马扎罗山。这些登山者带来了大量的垃圾，破坏了乞力马扎罗山的美。同时，冰川也在不断消融，改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。 听到这些消息，我不禁怀疑 —— 为什么别的地方都被描述为“更纯净”的自然之旅 (而乞力马扎罗山却在遭受污染)？
然而，很快我就发现，自从那些令人不安的报道声称登山者在垃圾成堆的山上宿营之后，情况已经有了很大的变化。我看到的是一座干净的山，宿营地和登山途中都配有厕所。虽然环境保护的难度巨大，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局为之所做的努力似乎正见成效。
在我看来，攀登乞力马扎罗山最棒的体验并不是登顶。在许多文化里，大山都被视为精神圣地。乞力马扎罗山尤为如此，因为登山者会在几公里的空间内穿越五种生态系统。山脚是茂密雨林，而到海拔3000米时，画风突变，取而代之的是大片低矮植物。再往上，覆盖着浓密草丛的山坡云雾缭绕，天气也随之改变。在目所能及的范围内，我看到了12种深浅不一的绿色。而海拔4000米以上就是遍地砂石的高原荒漠了。继续向上爬，终年的积雪和即将消失的冰川，让你仿佛置身于北极。
人满为患，喧闹嘈杂，乞力马扎罗山是否担得起这一“美誉”？我想答案是否定的。
"This is the silliest thing I've dne in my life," Ann says as she emerges frm her tent."I shuld have dne it when I was much yunger.""Tmrrw yu'll think it was wrth the effrt," Maria respnds.It's a bitterly cld night in January.I'm at Barafu Camp n Munt Kilimanjar in Tanzania, with Ann Austen, a 69-year-ld New Yrker and Maria Nielsn, 55, frm Sweden.In the midnight darkness I watch them jin a line f 200 headlamps, slwly ascending the last slpe t reach the highest pint in Africa -- 5,895 meters (19,340 feet) abve sea level. (Kilimanjar's fficial elevatin is the subject f dispute -- the preceding figures are the mst cmmnly cited.)
But I'm waiting.I'd learned frm a lcal that while mst grups trek t the summit vernight, hundreds at a time, t catch the sunrise frm the tp, the best time t climb is arund 10 a.m. when the crwds, and the cluds, clear."I knw the muntain, this is my muntain," Sifael Malle tells me.It's a gd decisin.We're alne n Uhuru Peak, the highest pint n Kib crater, ne f the three vlcanic cnes that cmprise the muntain.Three champagne crks are the nly sign that thers had been here earlier.Withut Malle's lcal knwledge, hwever, it culd have been different.
Turism impactThe Overseas Develpment Institute (ODI), a British think tank, estimates that every year 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, bringing with them tns f waste and ther envirnmental threats, including water cntaminatin and sil ersin.The crwds threaten the beauty f the place, which cultural narratives depict as a symbl f slitude and peace.The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face f Kilimanjar.Lcal prters are ften underpaid and climb withut adequate equipment.Hearing these stries, I'm skeptical abut the place -- ther destinatins are described as "purer" natural experiences.
Hwever, I sn discver that much has changed since the days f hrrific reprts f camps amng pen-air latrines, trash littering the landscape and cngested trails.I find a clean muntain, with tilets at camps and alng the rutes.The envirnmental challenges are significant but the initiatives implemented by the Tanzania Natinal Parks Authrity seem t be paying ff.The ODI calculated in 2009 that turists spend just less than $50 millin per year arund the Kili experience.Sme 28%, $13 millin, is cnsidered t directly benefit the pr.The ODI says this is the mst successful transfer f resurces frm internatinal turists t impverished lcals they've witnessed.
The lcal viewTake, fr instance, my lcal guide.Malle cmes frm a pr farming family that lived by a rad used by turists.In previus years, he'd rush tward the jeeps that drve by, hping t receive gifts."We dreamed f wning thse cars," he tld me. "But the reality is pverty, few jbs, ften unstable and underpaid."The dreams get easily frgtten. I tried t keep mine: t live a better life, t start my wn business and t be able t supprt thers."I begged guides t take me n the muntain, even fr free. They tld me I was t thin, incapable f carrying the weight.
"They asked fr my climbing equipment, and laughed as I did nt have any. I persisted and fund a guide wh emplyed me."Malle became a prter in 1999. He went back t schl t study tur guiding and btany.In 2006, he passed the gvernment examinatin and became a licensed guide."I sn thught that with my experience f the muntain I culd be a better tur peratr, as mst f the existing nes have never been n the muntain."He set up us his wn cmpany."I sent hundreds f messages t peple annuncing my new cmpany, and gradually peple started t respnd."Kili Base Adventure was brn.Kilimanjar is ffering entrepreneurial pprtunities that were impssible a decade ag.
Cnquest vs. experienceThe highlight f a Kilimanjar experience, in my view, isn't reaching the tp.A simple, aimless wander n a muntain trail might nt seem t have the drama f a summit ascent.But muntains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures, nt least fr their natural attributes.This view is especially evident n Kilimanjar as climbers venture thrugh five ecsystems in the space f few kilmeters.At the base is a dense rainfrest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way t alpine heathland, abundant with giant heathers.
Further up the weather changes -- lw cluds envelp the slpes, which becme cvered with tussck grass and spradic giant lbelias.Here the greens are less vibrant but mre varied than in the brighter frest belw.I cunt 12 shades f verdant green in a three-meter radius frm where I stand.Abve 4,000 meters is the highland desert: gravel, stnes, rcks and cliffs. A place fr ascetics.Finally yu climb int an arctic-like zne, with permanent snw and the glaciers that may sn disappear.
Clean climbDes Kilimanjar deserve its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lng lines f turists spiling the atmsphere f slitude?I fund the ppsite t be true.Thrughut my climb the trails were empty and, n the summit, I was alne.My secret, f curse, was the lcal knwledge prvided by Malle and tailr-making my wn climb.The turism industry sells standardized packages: everyne fllws the same rute, des the same thing, walks at the same time.I didn't -- my sense f satisfactin came frm the cnnectin with the spirit f a beautiful and legendary place.
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They bring with them lts f waste. The crwds might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face f Kilimanjar.Hwever, I sn discver that much has changed since the days f disturbing reprts f camps amng tns f rubbish. I find a clean muntain, with tilets at camps and alng the paths. The envirnmental challenges are significant but the effrts made by the Tanzania Natinal Park Authrity seem t be paying ff.