高考英语实用复习十讲代词和介词（短语）优质课件PPT

这是一份高考英语实用复习十讲代词和介词（短语）优质课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了指示代词，不定代词，it的用法，常见介词的用法，表示时间的介词，表示方位的介词，其他常见介词的用法，固定搭配中的介词，介词与名词的常用搭配，1at＋n等内容，欢迎下载使用。

代词
代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。与汉语不同，在英语中代词使用非常广泛。虽然代词的数量有限，但种类和变化却非常繁多。代词根据其用法特点可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
1.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格在句中通常作主语，宾格在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等成分。
2．形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语，修饰名词。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可以作主语、宾语和表语，只能单独使用，不能用于名词前。
3．反身代词通常表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语，有时候也可以作介词的宾语。
She was beautiful and culd run faster than thers.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。He invited sme friends f his t his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。The child lked at himself in the mirrr with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。
What I want t say is this：yu shuld grasp every minute t finish yur wrk.我想说的是，你应该抓住每一分钟的时间完成你的工作。Such is the pwer f the Internet that it can make a persn suddenly famus.这就是网络的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。The quality f educatin in this small schl is better than that in sme larger schls.这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。Studying Wendy's menu，I fund that many f the items are similar t thse f McDnald's.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
1．不定代词的基本用法
As the tw dictinaries are useful, I'll take bth and either f them is very imprtant t me.由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。Larry asks Bill and Peter t g n a picnic with him, but neither f them wants t, because they have wrk t d.拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。Yu are a team star！Wrking with thers is really yur cup f tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
2．复合不定代词的用法
There is smething in his wrds. We shuld have a try.他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。Nbdy can be gd at smething fr 40 years if he desn't lve it.没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。
3. 表示数量的不定代词的用法
Few f us can speak fur freign languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。She can speak a little French，but she knws little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。
指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。
It's early spring, but it is already ht.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。
指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this，that。
Althugh he didn't like it, I decided t see the mvie anyway.尽管他不喜欢这部电影，我还是决定去看一看。
当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来指代。。
What will yu call it if it is a by?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句。
It is dangerus fr yu t swim in the river.你在这条河里游泳是危险的。(it作形式主语，t swim in the river是真正的主语)He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting wuld be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where...是真正的宾语)
介词（短语）
介词在句中不能单独作句子成分，介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(如果是人称代词，则要用宾格)，介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。
(2)in和after
(1)abve，belw，ver，under，n和beneath
(2)thrugh，acrss和ver
表示交通方式的by，n和in
表示“原因、理由”的介词：fr，at，with，frm/f
(1)against的用法
(2)beynd的用法
at a lss 不知所措at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中at wrk 在工作
(2)at＋the＋n.＋f
at the beginning f 在······的开始at the cst f 以······的代价at the risk f 冒······的危险at the mercy f 在······支配下；任由······摆布
n exhibitin/shw 在展出n fire 着火n sale 出售，打折n the way 在途中n the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加n hliday/vacatin 在度假
n accunt f 因为n behalf f 代表
by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然by cincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算by nature 天生地
in cash 用现金付款in depth 在深度上in detail 详细地in height 在高度上in length 在长度上in English 用英语in return 作为回报
in place f 代替in pssessin f 拥有，占有in charge f 掌管······in supprt f 为支持······in spite f 尽管in favr f 支持，赞成in case f 万一；如果；假如in hnur f 为向······表示敬意in memry f 为了纪念······
(8)f＋n.(等于相应的形容词)
f benefit 有益处的f help 有帮助的f imprtance 重要的f significance 有意义的f use 有用的f value 有价值的
ut f balance 失去平衡ut f breath 上气不接下气ut f cntrl 不受控制ut f date 过期ut f rder 出故障ut f sight 看不到ut f the questin 不可能ut f wrk 失业
(10)under＋n.(表示被动)
under attack 遭到袭击under pressure 在压力下under treatment 在治疗中under cntrl 处于控制之中
(11)with＋n.(表示方式)
with delight/jy 高兴地with difficulty 困难地with ease 轻而易举地with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地
(12)beynd＋n.
beynd cmpare 无与伦比beynd reach 够不到beynd descriptin 难以描述beynd expressin/wrds 难以表达
介词与形容词的常用搭配
(1)be＋adj.＋abut
be anxius abut 忧虑······be curius abut 对······好奇be particular abut 对······讲究/挑剔be wrried/cncerned abut 对······担心
(2)be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因······生气be gd at 擅长be astnished at 对······吃惊be present at 出席
(3)be＋adj.＋in
be absrbed in 专注于······be active in 积极于······be dressed in 穿着······be engaged in 忙于······be rich in 富含······be ccupied in 忙于······
(4)be＋adj.＋fr
be eager fr 渴望······be famus fr 以······著名be fit fr 适合，胜任······be ready fr 准备好······be srry fr 对······感到抱歉be prepared fr 为······做好准备
(5)be＋adj.＋frm
be absent frm 缺席be different frm 不同于be far frm 远离be free frm 不受······影响
(6)be＋adj.＋t
be clse t 接近······be devted t 致力于······be equal t 等于······be familiar t 对······来说熟悉be friendly t 对······友好 be harmful t 对······有危害be kind t 对······友好be similar t 与······相似be grateful t 对······心存感激
(7)be＋adj.＋f
be aware f 意识到······be fnd f 喜欢······be prud f 因······而自豪be shrt f 缺乏······
(8)be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于······be familiar with 对······熟悉be cmbined with 与······结合be patient with 对······有耐心be ppular with 受······的欢迎be pleased with 对······感到满意by angry with (sb) 对(某人)发怒
It is a waste f time trying t persuade him t change his mind. 试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。
I wuld appreciate it if yu take my suggestin int cnsideratin.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
1．The railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25，000 peple were using _____________ every day.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．She plans t take a year ff t mdel full­time befre ging t university t get a degree _____________ engineering r architecture.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)3．On my recent visit, I held a lively three-mnth-ld twin that had been rejected by _____________ (it) mther.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)4．My cnnectin with pandas ges back _____________ my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)5．Mst f us are mre fcused _____________ ur tasks in the mrning than we are later in the day.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
6．Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia. In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat _____________ their hands.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)7．The airplane flew _____________ the muntains and disappeared in the distance.8．He didn't make _____________ clear when and where the meeting wuld be held.9．During the rush hur，I have been lking fr a taxi but haven't fund _____________ yet.10．Nwadays the universities are ttally different frm _____________ f the past.
11．Feeling that I culd nt stand waiting in such a line any lnger，I decided t jin _____________ ne.12．S _____________ is n wnder that the building was named the UK's wrst building.13．When he came t life，he fund _____________ (he)lying n the grund，bleeding in the head.14．I feel interested in the reprt n middle schl students' using cell phnes n campus. In fact，mre students nw cme t schl _____________ cell phnes.15．In the winter f 1891，a certain cllege was having sme truble with _____________ (it) by students.
himself
16．I hpe my parents wn't try t frce me t d _____________ (they) favrite jb.17．Bth teams were in hard training; _____________ was willing t lse the game.18．While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers withut asking fr anything _____________ return.19．Starting yur wn business culd be a way t achieving financial independence. _____________ the ther hand，it culd just put yu in debt.20．If we can change ur attitude _____________ things in the wrld，we can certainly adjust ur emtins.
neither
t/twards
1．Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all wrk in ur schl.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．They ften get up earlier and water the vegetables tgether. They have als bught fr sme gardening tls.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)3．If we g n a trip abrad, we can braden yur view and gain knwledge we cannt get frm bks. 4．It des nt cst many, yet we can still learn a lt. 5．I need t take sme exercise every day and find ways t relax me.
6．Clse t the schl there was a beautiful park with many trees arund them.7．Glbal warming is having a great effect at hundreds f plant and animal species arund the wrld，changing sme living patterns.8．The bk I'm reading f talks abut afternn tea in Britain. It is said t have started in the early 1800's.9．I'm ging t a cnference in yu twn in May，frm 16th t 20th.10．Althugh he majred in art and literature in cllege，he had little interest in neither subject.
1．随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。2．听了她感人的故事后，每个人都被感动得无以言表。3．独居而不和他人来往没有好处。4．他能否来珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。
With time ging by，they have grwn int adult bys and adult girls.
Everybdy was tuched beynd wrds after they heard her mving stry.
It is n gd living alne withut keeping in tuch with thers.
It is uncertain whether he can cme t Jenny's birthday party r nt.
5．在冬季，黑龙江的天气比广州的天气冷得多。6．我代表在场的所有人祝你回国旅途愉快。
In winter，the weather f Heilngjiang is much clder than that f Guangzhu.
On behalf f everyne here，I wish yu a pleasant jurney back t yur cuntry.
Because 1.________ China's vast size and varied climate，the peple histrically develped different husing styles fr each particular regin and climate. Curtyard huses，als knwn as siheyuan buildings，are 2.________ (cmmn) fund in Nrth China，especially in Beijing. They are enclsed (围住的) curtyards surrunded by fur，ne-stry husing structures. The main entrance is usually at the sutheastern crner. The suth side 3.________ (cntain) rms that traditinally serve as the kitchen and servants' quarters. The main huse is at the nrth end，while the ther sides are fr married children and their families.
Amng 4.________ mst interesting styles f Chinese huses is the s­called “cave dwelling” r yadng. Despite the name，it is a man­made structure 5.________ (dig) ut f the sides f muntains r the grund. It is fund in Nrthwest China，6.________ has dry less (黄土)．The use f such earth helps prvide these hmes with 7.________ (cmfrt) temperatures t live in. Anther famus style is the earthen huse f Fujian Prvince. A grup f Han Chinese built these huses mre than a thusand years ag after they mved suth 8.________ (escape) wars and unrest. These structures are three r fur 9.________ (flr) high，and are rund r square in design，helping t prtect 10.________ (they) frm enemies.
Last Friday，ur class had invited a well­knwn artist t teach us hw t draw a ltus in traditinal Chinese style. As sn as an artist came int the classrm，he was given a warm welcme，what made him s happy. All f us wre big smiles. First，he shwed us sme skillful ways f draw a ltus. We circled arund him and watched him careful. Then we made an attempt t d it by us under his instructins. Finally，because my excellent perfrmance，I was given the award f “Outstanding Yung Artist”．Lking at it，I feel very excited. Thrugh this experience，we are all amazing at Chinese painting and prud f being Chinese. We hpe we can have mre activity f this kind in the future!