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2021-2022学年黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学高二上学期开学考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2021-2022学年黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学高二上学期开学考试英语试题含解析，共33页。试卷主要包含了5分, 满分37， Why did Ms等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学高二上学期
开学考试英语试题
满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.
A
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your choice of sport might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemical and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition .This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.
1. What do we know about golf from the passage?
A. It is not played in Portugal and Spain at all.
B. It causes water shortages around the world.
C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
D. It needs water and energy to keep its courses in good condition.
2 The author uses power walking as an example mainly because ________.
A. it is free B. it benefits our health
C. it is resource-saving D. it gets people close to the nature
3. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of ?
A. Cycling in a mountain. B. Working out in a gym.
C. Swimming in a sports center. D. Playing golf in the countryside.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对比介绍了某些浪费资源和节约资源的运动，呼吁我们积极参加绿色体育运动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemical and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition . (有些运动需要大量资源。你可能知道，高尔夫不仅要消耗大量的乡村土地，而且还要消耗大量的水。此外，各种化学物质和大量的能源被用来保持其场地的良好状态，这造成了重大的环境影响)”可知，高尔夫需要水和能源来保持场地的良好状态。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. (有很多环保运动。快走是你今天可以开始的其中一项。除了一双好鞋，你不需要任何特殊的设备；你不用担心资源和钱包。简单且免费，快走也能让你保持健康)”可知，作者以快步走为例，主要是因为这种运动节约资源。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free. (绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行运动。没有会员这种特别的要求也可以开始运动。最棒的是，它是免费的。)”可以推知，作者最可能赞成在山上骑自行车。故选A项。
B
August or "Auggie" Pullman, a ten-year-old boy living in New York City, was born with a facial deformity(畸形) that has made it difficult for him to make friends. He has been homeschooled up until fifth grade, but his parents have decided that it is time for him to go to real school. They send him to Beecher Prep, neighborhood private school, and take him to meet the headmaster, Mr. Tushman. While August is there, some of the kids take him on a tour of the school; one of them, Jack Will, is nice, but another, Julian, is noticeably rude. Jack is nice to him, and August believes he has found a friend.
August's classmates slowly get used to the way his face looks. He is friendly to others and performs well in class. August becomes friends with Jack, and with a girl named Summer who sits with him at lunch on the first day. However, things get worse on Halloween, August's favorite day of the year, when August overhears Jack say to Julian and some other boys that he would kill himself if he looked like August. He also says he is only nice to August because Mr. Tushman asked him to be. Jack is completely unaware that August himself is sitting nearby. August gets hurt deeply and stops talking to Jack. When Jack finds the truth, he feels guilty(内疚的) about being mean. He really does want to be friends with August. One day, Jack hits Julian for saying mean things about August. After that, Jack and August become friends and start eating lunch together with Summer.
At wilderness camp, August is attacked by a group of seventh graders in order to protect Jack. Public opinion swings in favor of August. In the end,August wins the Henry Ward Beecher medal, a special award for courage and kindness. August is amazed that he survived fifth grade. His. friends and family make him feel like a regular kid. The novel ends with his mother whispering in his ear, calling him a “wonder”.
4. What makes August different from other children?
A. His unusual parents. B. His abnormal appearance.
C. His bad temper. D. His unfriendly classmates.
5. Why does Jack feel guilty when August stops talking to him?
A. He says something mean about August B. He follows Mr. Tushman's requirement
C. He hits August without reason. D. Julian doesn't like August at all
6. What's the ending of the story?
A. August is 'really a failure at school.
B. August is not surprised that he survived fifth grade.
C. August drops out of school in the end.
D. August wins a medal for his courage and kindness.
7. What type of writing is the text?
A. A film review. B. A new report.
C. A book review. D. An advertisement.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了名叫August的十岁男孩，由于天生面部畸形，直到五年级时才去学校上学，在交友时遇到各种困难，但是最后靠他的友善和勇气创造了奇迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“August or "Auggie"Pullman, a ten-year-old boy living in New York City, was born with a facial deformity(畸形) that has made it difficult for him to make friends.（August是一个十岁男孩，天生面部畸形，这使得他交友困难）”可知，他的不正常的外貌让他和其他人不同。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He also says he is only nice to August because Mr. Tushman asked him to be. Jack is completely unaware that August himself is sitting nearby. August gets hurt deeply and stops talking to Jack. When Jack finds the truth, he feels guilty(内疚的) about being mean.（Jack说他对August友好，那是老师让他那样。Jack完全没有意识到August就在旁边坐着。August深受伤害，不再和杰克说话。当杰克发现真相时，他为自己的刻薄感到内疚）”可知，Jack因为自己说了一些刻薄的话而感到内疚。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the end,August wins the Henry Ward Beecher medal, a special award for courage and kindness.”可知，最后，August因他的勇气和友善获得了一项特殊奖项。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The novel ends with his mother whispering in his ear, calling him a ‘wonder’．（这部小说结束时，她的妈妈在他的耳边低声告诉他，他是一个奇迹）”可推知，本文是书评。故选C。
C
Ms. Blake wanted to leave the San Francisco Bay Area. Her parents had bought a house on a large plot of land near a gateway to Yosemite National Park. Benjamin could stay with them while she worked at a supermarket in town. He could run around in the hills. What she hadn’t quite accounted for, though, is how the hills are becoming hotter, drier and more dangerous.
A year after they moved came the first of an annual series of wildfires, and an asthma diagnosis (哮喘诊断) for Benjamin. One year, they had to leave from their home for a few days. Another year, they bought air-conditioners so they could keep the windows shut when the air got thick and smoky. This year, just as it seemed like Benjamin’s asthma was relieving, came the Creek Fire in the hills nearby. The air turned white with smoke. The boy had what appeared to be a mild asthma attack.
Ms. Blake struggles to explain to him why he can't be outside exploring. She worries when he goes to school. She wonders how much longer the family will be able to insure their home if rates climb higher — and what they’ll do if insurance becomes unavailable at any price. “It seems every year there’s some major fire,” Ms. Blake said. “We're smoked out. It's hard to breathe. It's always a worry that you' re going to have to flee or you1 re going to lose your home.” She said she had spent in the neighborhood of $1,000 this year to equip her home. “To protect my son of course I’m going to do that,” she said. “But it' s fundamentally unfair.”
8. What can be learned from Paragraph 1-2?
A. Benjamin likes living in San Francisco Bay Area
B. Benjamin didn’t have an asthma before moving.
C. Ms. Blake stayed with her son while working.
D. Ms. Blake could explain how the hills are becoming drier.
9. Why did Ms. Blake buy air-conditioners?
A. To help cure Benjamin’s asthma.
B. To keep the air cool in hot summer.
C. To keep the air drier in the house.
D. To keep the windows shut when necessary.
10. What is the direct factor to Benjamin’s asthma?
A. Some dry brush and dead trees caused fire.
B. Series of wildfires attacked his living area.
C. The weather became hotter and drier.
D. The air got thick and smoky in the San Francisco Bay Area.
11. How did Ms. Blake feel about the series of wildfires?
A. Anxious and angry.
B. Concerned and confused.
C. Unconcerned and uninterested.
D. Positive and hopeful.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。布莱克小姐一家饱受居住地附近山火的困扰，她的儿子患上了哮喘。布莱克小姐对此感到焦虑和愤怒。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A year after they moved came the first of an annual series of wildfires, and an asthma diagnosis (哮喘诊断) for Benjamin.(搬家一年后，本杰明遭遇了一系列山火中的第一场，并被诊断出患有哮喘)”可知，本杰明在搬家前没有哮喘病。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Another year, they bought air - conditioners so they could keep the windows shut when the air got thick and smoky.(又有一年，他们买了空调，这样当空气变得浓重和烟雾弥漫时，他们就可以把窗户关上)”可知，布莱克小姐买空调是为了必要时关好窗户。故选D。
10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“What she hadn’t quite accounted for, though, is how the hills are becoming hotter, drier and more dangerous.(然而，她没有完全解释的是，这些山丘是如何变得更热、更干燥和更危险的)”和第二段后三句“This year, just as it seemed like Benjamin’s asthma was relieving, came the Creek Fire in the hills nearby. The air turned white with smoke. The boy had what appeared to be a mild asthma attack.(今年，就在本杰明的哮喘似乎得到缓解的时候，附近山上的小溪起火了。空气被烟熏白了。这个男孩似乎有轻微的哮喘发作)”可知，一连串的山火袭击了他的居住区域是本杰明哮喘的直接原因。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句和第五句““It seems every year there’s some major fire,” Ms. Blake said. “We're smoked out. It's hard to breathe. It's always a worry that you' re going to have to flee or you1 re going to lose your home.”(“似乎每年都有一些重大火灾，”布莱克说。“我们熏出来。呼吸困难。人们总是担心你会不得不逃离或者失去你的家)”可知，布莱克小姐感到焦虑，根据最后一段最后一句“But it' s fundamentally unfair. (但这根本不公平)”可知，她很愤怒。故选A。
D
Paper cutting is one of China's most popular folk arts. Archaeological (考古学上的) finds show that the tradition started in the 6th century; it is even supposed that the beginning of paper cutting is even a few centuries earlier.
Paper cuts have special importance at festivals and on holidays. To get rid of the old and bring good luck, people put up paper cuts on the windows on the Eve the Spring Festival.
Paper cuts are not produced by machine but by hand. They are done all over China, but are different in the method in different areas. There are two methods of making paper cuts-by using scissors (剪刀) or knives. As the name suggests, scissors cuttings are made with scissors. Several pieces of paper (up to eight pieces) are placed together. The patterns are then cut with pointed scissors. Knife, cuttings are made by putting several pieces of paper on a table. Following a pattern, the artist cuts the patterns into the paper with a knife.
In the past, paper cuts were usually made only by women and girls. They used scissors and paper to cut all kinds of pictures such as apple trees, peach blossoms, mice, fighting roosters (公鸡) and rabbits eating carrots.
This used to be one of the skills that every girl was to master. Professional paper cutting artists are, on the other hand, almost always men who can make a living by working together in workshops.
12. How long has paper cutting lasted at least?
A. About 600 years. B. About 1, 500 years.
C. About 2,000 years. D. About 2, 700 years.
13. People put up paper cuts on the windows in order to __________.
A. make them look more beautiful
B. show others their excellent skills
C. bring them good luck in the new year
D. sell them on the Eve of the Spring Festival
14. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Two kinds of paper cuts. B. Paper cuts are made by hand.
C. Paper cuts are made by machine. D. The process of making paper cuts.
15. Paper cuts are usually about _________.
A. family members of the artists B. sports and social activities
C. fights between animals D. things in our daily life
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统艺术——剪纸。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Archaeological (考古学上的) finds show that the tradition started in the 6th century …(考古发现表明，剪纸这一传统始于6世纪)”可知，因为剪纸开始于公元6世纪，现在是21世纪，所以剪纸艺术持续大约1500年。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“To get rid of the old and bring good luck, people put up paper cuts on the windows on the Eve the Spring Festival.( 为了驱除旧，带来好运，人们在除夕的窗户上贴上剪纸)”可知，人们把剪纸贴在窗户上，以便在新的一年里给他们带来好运。故选C。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读第三段内容，并根据第三段“There are two methods of making paper cuts-by using scissors (剪刀) or knives. (剪纸有两种方法——用剪刀或刀)”可知，本文主要介绍了两种剪纸的艺术形式。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They used scissors and paper to cut all kinds of pictures such as apple trees, peach blossoms, mice, fighting roosters (公鸡) and rabbits eating carrots.( 他们用剪刀和纸剪出各种各样的图画，比如苹果树、桃花、老鼠、斗鸡和兔子吃胡萝卜)”可知，剪纸作品通常与我们的日常生活有关。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。两项多余
Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or another, you'll have to stand up and say—problems, I don't want you in my life.
___16___Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children—the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shaped and colors and feelings.
But good news is that all problems can be dealt with Now read on to know how to solve your problems.
Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. ___17___Talking helps you move on and let go.
Write your problems. ___18___When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.
Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family…you should still have faith. ___19___
Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours. ___20___Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed.
Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.
A. Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born.
B. When we have a problem, a pressing, critical, urgent, life-threatening problem, how do we try and solve it？
C. Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don't want a real person to talk with.
D. But the truth is that when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.
E. We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
F. Tell yourself：when they can deal with them, why can't I？
G. With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文主要介绍了如何处理生活中遇到的问题。一个人从出生就开始跟麻烦打交道，遇到问题并不可怕，问题是可以被解决的。
【16题详解】
上文“Although problems are a part of our lives…... you'll have to stand up and say—problems…...”点出本文的话题是生活中的问题，空格处承上启下，下文“Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children—the list goes on.（与朋友、父母、女友、丈夫和孩子之间的问题不胜枚举）”说明生活中的问题贯穿着人的一生，A项的“Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born.”中troubles和problems对象一致，“since we were born ” 时间线与下文不同人生阶段中问题的对象一致，故选A。
【17题详解】
上文“Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.(说话，真的很有帮助。我们大多数人认为，我们的问题只能由我们自己来理解，没有对话是有帮助的。)”说明本段的话题是talk，大多数人持有反对观点，下文“Talking helps you move on and let go.”观点相反，交谈能帮助你继续前进，放下过去。推测空格处观点发生转折，D选项“But the truth is that when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.”出现but 连词，且对talk的观点是支持态度，故选D。
【18题详解】
上文“Write your problems.（写下你的问题）”为本段中心句，下文“When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system.（当你写下你的问题时，你就释放了你系统的所有压力。）”说出写出问题的意义，选项C中“Having a personal diary”与上文一致，用一本私人的日记来写下问题，故选C。
【19题详解】
上文“Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family…you should still have faith.（不要失去信心和希望。无论你在生活中失去了什么，都不要失去信心和希望。即使你失去了所有的钱，家人，你仍然要有信心。）”点出本段主题是要有信心和希望，空格在段落末尾，总结本段，选项中“With faith and hope…...”关键词重复，概括段落，故选G。
【20题详解】
上文“Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.（你的问题还不是最糟糕的。无论你在生活中遇到什么问题，都有另外一百万人的问题比你的更大。）”围绕your problems展开，下文“Your problems……but in reality they …….” 话题指代你的问题，他们。选项F前半段“Tell yourself：when they can deal with them,？”，其中yourself和they指代与上下文一致，代词them代指problems，上下呼应，故选F。
第二部分 完形填空（共15小题；每题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I never expected to go to the University of Michigan. I grew up in a small Midwest town where college wasn’t ____21____ by any means. Many students entered the workplace straight out of high school. For a long time, that’s where I thought I would end up.
At some point during my senior year, I started ____22____ everywhere, just. I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing) ____23____ , but I came from a town of nowhere. So you can imagine the emotions of____24____ I had when I received a big envelope in the mail with the word “ ____25____ ” written across the top.
Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go. I had received ____26____ aid and scholarships, which I think was a ____27____ factor (因素) in the decision. And it seemed that no matter how much work I ____28____ , it would just be considered a waste of ____29____ . I often felt I was lacking ____30____ . I did the application all by myself. After moving to college, I did two jobs and paid for my ____31____ and bills.
Looking back on it now I feel that it wasn’t ____32____ to be self-reliant. But in the long run, I ____33____ the lack of support I had at such a key point in my life which taught me to be ____34____ and responsible in hard times, to go beyond ____35____ and to try things I never thought I would ever be able to try. I believe that’s what college is all about.
21. A. admired B. envied C. expected D. afforded
22. A. delivering B. applying C. registering D. competing
23. A. scores B. diplomas C. qualifications D. certificates
24. A. anxiety B. relief C. calmness D. conflict
25. A. Wishes B. Regards C. Cheers D. Congratulations
26. A. academic B. spiritual C. financial D. parents'
27. A. boring B. driving C. discouraging D. promising
28. A. put in B. take in C. get in D. persist in
29. A. space B. money C. resource D. time
30. A. support B. courage C. motivation D. concern
31. A. feasts B. necessities C. seminars D. majors
32. A. hard B. right C. easy D. awkward
33. A. ignore B. disapprove C. forget D. appreciate
34. A. independent B. easy-going C. honest D. considerate
35. A. recognition B. expectation C. control D. description
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者出生在美国中西部的一个小城镇，从来没有想过能上大学，但作者通过自己的努力最终考上了大学并通过打工支付自己的学费和日常花销。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，生活中的困难教会我们独立和有责任心，我们要尝试从来没有想过自己能做的事情。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在中西部的一个小镇长大，在那里，无论如何都不指望上大学。A.admired羡慕；B.envied嫉妒； C.expected期待；D.afforded承担得起。根据后文“Many students entered the workplace straight out of high school. ”可知，因为许多学生高中一毕业就直接进入职场，由此可知，作者不指望能上大学。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只是在我高三的某个时候，我开始到处申请。A.delivering递送；B.applying申请；C.registering注册；D.competing竞争。根据第三段倒数第二句“ I did the application all by myself. ”可知，此处指作者开始申请大学。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我达到了要求的成绩和ACT(美国大学考试)分数，但我来自一个无名小镇。A.scores分数；B.diplomas文凭；C.qualifications资格；D.certificates证书。根据本句中的“required grades”及“the ACT (American College Testing)”可知，作者达到所要求的成绩和ACT分数(scores)。此处“grades”与“scores”同义。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，你可以想象当我收到一个写着“祝贺你”的大信封时，我内心的矛盾情绪。A.anxiety焦虑；B.relief如释重负；C.calmness镇静；D.conflict冲突，矛盾。根据上文中的 “I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing)__3___, but I came from a town of nowhere可知，作者达到了大学的申请条件，但觉得自己来自一个不知名的小镇，因此心情矛盾。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.Wishes祝福；B.Regards致意，问候；C.Cheers欢呼；D.Congratulations庆祝。根据后文“Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go. ”可知，作者最终上了大学，故信封上的字应是“祝贺”。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我获得了经济援助和奖学金，我认为这是我做出这个决定的一个驱动因素。A.academic学术的；B.spiritual精神的；C.financial财政的，经济上的；D.parents’父母的。根据下文的“scholarships”可知，作者得到了助学金和奖学金，即经济上的援助。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.boring无聊的；B.driving推进的；C.discouraging令人气馁的；D.promising充满希望的。根据上文可知，作者获得了经济上的帮助，这推动了作者决定去上大学。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：而且似乎无论我投入了多少努力，都只是在浪费时间。A.put in投入；B.take in吸收，明白；C.get in到达；D.persist in坚持。根据后文“it would just be considered a waste of __9_____”可知，此处表示无论作者投入多少，作者感觉都是在浪费时间。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.space空间；B.money金钱；C.resource资源；D.time时间。根据前半句和句意可知，作者认为无论自己投入多少，都是在浪费时间。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我经常觉得自己缺少支持。A.support支持；B.courage勇气；C.motivation动力；D.concern担忧。由后文“I did the application all by myself.”和“the lack of support…”可知，因为作者自己申请大学，又要自己挣钱支付自己的开销，所以作者觉得自己缺少支持。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：上大学后，我做了两份工作，支付生活必需品和账单。A.feasts盛宴；B.necessities必需品；C.seminars研讨会；D.majors专业。根据后文“and bills.”可知，作者做两份工作来支付生活必需品和账单。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我觉得要自立是不容易的。A.hard困难的；B.right对的；C.easy简单的；D.awkward尴尬的。根据后一句中的“But”可知，作者认为自力更生不容易，但却从中受益匪浅。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但从长远来看，我很感激在生命如此关键的时刻，我没有得到支持，这教会了我在困难的时候要独立和负责任，要超越预期，要尝试我从未想过自己能够尝试的事情。A.ignore忽视；B.disapprove不同意；C.forget忘记；D.appreciate感激，欣赏。根据后文“which taught me to be 14 and responsible in hard times”可知，因为这段时期教会了作者要负责任，所以作者感激这段时期。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但从长远来看，我很感激在生命如此关键的时刻，我没有得到支持，这教会了我在困难的时候要独立和负责任，要超越预期，要尝试我从未想过自己能够尝试的事情。A.independent独立的；B.easy-going随和的；C.honest诚实的；D.considerate体贴的。根据空后“and responsible in hard times”可知，此处指在困难时期，独立和负责任。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但从长远来看，我很感激在生命如此关键的时刻，我没有得到支持，这教会了我在困难的时候要独立和负责任，要超越预期，要尝试我从未想过自己能够尝试的事情。A.recognition辨认；B.expectation期待；C.control控制；D.description描述。根据后文“to try things I never thought I would ever be able to try. ”可知，因为要尝试从未想过自己能够尝试的事情，所以此处指超越预期。故选B。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共三节, 满分60分)
第一节 单词拼写（共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分）
36. I frequently use sunflowers as _______ (象征，标志) of strength. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】symbols
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我经常用向日葵来象征力量。根据汉语提示“象征，标志”，可知应填名词symbol，作宾语，结合上文sunflowers可知此处应用复数形式。故填symbols。
37. Though he ________ (克服) many difficulties, he wasn't fortunate enough. （根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】overcame
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然他克服了许多困难，但他还是不够幸运。根据汉语提示可知，overcome克服，动词作谓语，符合题意；由主句wasn't可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填overcame。
38. The flight with 145 passengers ________ (上飞机) from Tokyo landed on the airport in Beijing yesterday. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】aboard
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：载有145名乘客的飞机昨天从东京起飞，降落在北京机场。分析句子可知，设空处为with+名词+副词的复合结构，表示状态，根据汉语意思，故填aboard。
39. Such a positive________ (态度)to life can be helpful in keeping your spirits up. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】attitude
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这种积极的生活态度有助于保持你的精神状态。根据汉语提示可知，attitude态度，名词作主语，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填attitude。
40. To be________ (坦率的）, I don’t like hiking ; it is not my cup of tea. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】frank
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：坦率地讲，我不喜欢徒步旅行；那不是我喜欢的。根据固定短语To be frank（坦率地讲）可知，空格处填frank。故填frank。
41. People often ________ (抱怨) about traffic jams in big cities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】complain
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：人们经常抱怨大城市的交通堵塞。根据汉语提示可知，complain抱怨，动词作谓语；由频度副词often可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复数people可知，空处谓语动词需用原形。故填complain。
42. He hit the target after he ________ (射中)at it several times. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】shot
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他朝目标开了几枪后，就射中了。根据汉语提示可知，shoot射中，动词作谓语，符合题意；由主句谓语动词hit可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填shot。
43. She ________ (按) her face against the window to see what was happening outside. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】pressed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她把脸贴在窗户上，看看外面发生了什么事。根据汉语提示可知，press按，动词作谓语，符合题意；由空后从句“what was happening outside”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填pressed。
44. With both of them trying to defend their own view, there is a ________ (冲突)between the two sides. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】conflict
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们都试图捍卫自己的观点，因此双方发生了冲突。根据汉语提示可知，conflict冲突，名词，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填conflict。
45. Basing an important decision more on ________ (情感）than on reason, you（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】emotion
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你做重要的决定更多的是建立在感情而不是理智基础之上。根据空格前的on可知空格处是宾语。再根据reason是名词可知，空格处是名词。故填emotion。
46. He told stories ________ (生动地)and held his audience’s attention. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vividly
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他生动地讲故事，吸引了听众的注意力。根据汉语提示可知，vividly生动地，副词作状语修饰动词told，符合题意。故填vividly。
47. Patricia looked beautiful and ________ (优雅的) as always. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】elegant
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：Patricia一如既往地美丽优雅。根据汉语提示可知，elegant优雅的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填elegant。
48. If she ________ (缺乏)interest in her work, she won’t do it well. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】lacks
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果她对工作缺乏兴趣，她就做不好。由汉语提示可知，lack缺乏，动词作谓语；本句是if引导的条件状语从句，对将来情况的预测，所以谓语动词的时态遵循主将从现原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态表示一般将来时；所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，所以空处谓语动词用单数lacks。故填lacks。
49. Water was found of at a(n) ________ (深度)of 30 metres. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】depth
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在30米深的地方发现了水。根据汉语提示可知，depth深度，名词，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填depth。
50. The moment the lights went off, the man________ (攫取）the jewels on the counter and slid out of the store. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】grabbed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：灯刚一灭，这个人就攫取柜台上的珠宝，乘机溜出商店。根据汉语提示“攫取”可知，应填动词grab，根据从句谓语动词went off可知，该句表示过去的事实，要用一般过去时。故填grabbed。
第二节 单句语法填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
51. Some insects take on the color of their ________ (surround) to protect themselves. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】surroundings
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：有些昆虫伪装成周围环境的颜色来保护自己。空处作宾语，表示“环境”应用名词surrounding，表示“环境”时常用复数形式。故填surroundings。
52. Even if it’s not your fault, you can make ____________ apology to him. After all, you are close friends. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】an
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：即使那不是你的错，你也可以向他道歉。毕竟，你们是亲密的朋友。固定短语“make an apology to sb.”译为“向某人道歉”，所以填入不定冠词an。故填an。
53. Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：苏珊清楚地向我表明她希望为自己过一种新的生活。分析可知，that she wished to make a new life for herself. 是真正的宾语，因此要用it作形式宾语。故填it。
54. It is important ________ we should take care of the old in our country.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：在我们国家，照顾老人是很重要的。本句中使用了句式It is + adj. + that 从句，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。分析可知，设空后的句子成分齐全，所以此处用从属连词that来连接。故填that。
55. ________ (disappoint) and upset, the boy left the classroom. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Disappointed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：失望又沮丧，男孩离开了教室。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应填形容词disappointed，作伴随状语。句子首字母大写。故填Disappointed。
56. _____the help of the teacher,I realized the importance of English,so I decided to learn English well. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】With
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：在老师的帮助下，我意识到英语的重要性，因此我决定将英语学好。此处是短语with the help of“在某人的帮助下”。故填With。
57. I hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the plane had taken off. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be told
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我匆匆赶到机场，却被告知飞机已经起飞。分析可知，only to一般用作结果状语，所以设空处应用不定式。tell与主语I 是被动关系，因此要用不定式的被动语态。故填to be told。
58. The thief managed to avoid ________ (recognize) by security guards. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】being recognized
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小偷设法避免被保安认出来。此处为短语avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，且recognize与thief构成被动关系，故应用being done形式。故填being recognized。
59. It’s time that we ________ (go) to the railway station. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】went
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们该去火车站了。It’s time that后的从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词通常用一般过去式。故填went。
60. It was the park________he first met his wife. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那是他第一次遇见他妻子的公园。此处the park是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，定语从句由关系副词where引导。故填where。
61. The beautiful view of the city is ___________ attracts me most. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这座城市的美丽景色最吸引我。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导表语从句，从句中缺主语，指代句中的“这座城市的美丽景色”，为物，且没有选择范围，故应用what引导表语从句。故填what。
62. It was not until the authority approved it________ the cinema could show it. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到当局批准，电影院才可以放映它。分析句子结构可知， 此处为强调句型：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。故填that。
63. You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】unless
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你全身心地投入工作，否则你永远不会获得成功。分析句子可知，空后面的从句为条件状语从句，意为“除非”，故填unless。
64. I can’t choose but ______ (keep) silence at your decision. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】keep
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我别无选择，只能对你的决定保持沉默。can't do but do除了……之外，别无他法。根据句意，故填keep。
65. It is Tom, rather than you, that ________（be）to blame. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】is
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：是汤姆而不是你应负责任。分析句子可知，句子是强调句型，原句是：Tom， rather than you is to blame.句子实际上的主语是Tom，是第三人称单数，当主语后面有rather than短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语的影响，仍然与主语保持一致；由原句中的is可知，句子用一般现在时，故填is。
【点睛】
66. With ________ (fall) leaves buried in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fallen
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于每年落叶被埋在土里，土壤变得越来越肥沃。分析可知，空格处缺少定语，fall的形容词有fallen (落下的，表示动作已经完成）；falling( 正在落，表示动作正在进行 )。因此，结合语境，用过去分词作定语。故填fallen。
67. He hurried into the carriage .The train ________ (leave) in a few minutes. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was leaving
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他很快进入车厢。火车几分钟之后就离开。根据语境可知，空格处是过去将来时。英语中表示趋向性动词，例如：go, come, leave, arrive等常用进行时态表将来。此处应用过去进行时表将来。故填was leaving。
68. It’s better to give expression to your________ (angry) ,rather than hide it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】anger
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：愤怒最好是表达出来，而不是隐藏起来。形容词性物主代词his后需接名词；angry的名词为anger“愤怒”，不可数名词。故填anger。
69. It is every soldier’s duty to defend our country ________ enemies. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】against
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：抵御外敌，保卫祖国是每位战士的职责。根据defend...against (保护.....免受.)可知，空格处填介词against。故填against。
70. An artist has come up with a cool idea to raise ________ (aware) of global warming. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】awareness
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了提高人们对全球变暖的意识，一位艺术家想出了一个很酷的主意。动词raise后需接名词作宾语，aware的名词为awareness“意识”，不可数名词。故填awareness。
第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin, is one of China's four great classical novels. Long____71____(consider) a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generally acknowledged to be the peak(顶峰) of Chinese fiction.
The writer shows deep sympathy for the victims____72____feudal oppression(封建压迫). At the same time, he mercilessly exposes the true nature of the oppressors. The Jia family is a mirror ____73____reflects feudal society's becoming rotten and going downhill.
The content and meaning of the novel are ____74____rich and deep that a special kind of learning called"Red Studies" started____75____ (short) after the novel was published, and has continued to this day, Various theories have been put forward about the, author's' family and friends, his reason for ____76____(write)the novel and the true meaning of the novel. Many details of the story have been explained in ____77____(differ)ways by scholars.
The novel has been translated into several other____78____ (language)Perhaps no other novel, Chinese or foreign, ____79____ (enjoy) and discussed by so many people for so long. This fact proves the ____80____(great) of the novel and the unique position it has in the long history of Chinese literature.
【答案】71. considered
72. of 73. that##which
74. so 75. shortly
76. writing
77. different
78. languages
79. has been enjoyed
80. greatness
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四大名著之一的小说《红楼梦》的一些情况。
【71题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：长期被认为是中国文学的杰作，这本小说被公认为是中国小说的顶峰。分析可知，空格处是状语，consider与主语the novel是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填considered。
【72题详解】
考查介词。句意：作者对受封建压迫者表达了深深的同情。分析可知，空格处表示所属关系，要用介词of +n作后置定语。故填of。
【73题详解】
考查关系代词。句意：贾府是一面反应封建社会变腐败和没落的镜子。空格前是完整的句子，空格后是定语从句。a mirror是先行词，在从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词that/which。
【74题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：这部小说的内容和含义如此丰富和深奥，以致于小说出版后不久，就有红学研究会成立去专门研究这部小说。根据“so……that……(如此……以致于……)”可知，空格处填so。
【75题详解】
考查副词。句意：小说出版后不久，就有红学研究会成立去专门研究这部小说。根据shortly after（不久之后）可知，空格处应填副词，故填shortly。
【76题详解】
考查动名词。句意：各种各样有关作者的家庭，朋友，写作的意图及小说的真实含义的理论被提出。由介词for可知，空格处缺少宾语，要用动名词。故填writing。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个故事的细节被学者用不同的方式解释。分析空格处作定语，要用形容词。故填different。
【78题详解】
考查名词。句意：这部小说已经被翻译成其它不同的语言。分析可知，其它语言不止一种，要用名词复数。故填languages。
【79题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：也许，没有其它小说，不管中国还是外国的，能够像这部小说长久受人喜爱。根据for so long可知，要用现在完成时，enjoy 和主语no other novel是被动关系，因此，用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been enjoyed。
【80题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个事实证明这部小说的伟大以及它在中国文学史上的独一无二的地位。 根据空格前的 the可知，空格处填名词。故填greatness。
第四部分：书面表达 (25分)
81. 假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon 在网上发贴，.希望有人能帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1. 表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2. 说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3. 给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4. 提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意：
1. 词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不得透漏个人姓名和学校名称；
Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarm
【答案】Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am quite interested in it . I think I’m fit for it. As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years. In addition ,I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. So I’m quite confident thatI can help you learn Mandarin.
Learning Mandarin takes time, so if you want to learn it well ,you should spend much time practicing Mandarin everyday. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Besides, you can also read some books in Chinese、see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes. Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.
In your post, you say you can teach English as a reward. It is just what I want. I’m eager to improve my English. So, if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin, you can also help me improve my English.We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking.
Hope for you early reply!
Yours Sincerely
Li Xia
【解析】
【详解】试题分析：考查提纲类作文。提纲作文在写作时需要注意以下几个方面：首先需要审题。即：审要求、审文体、审人称、审时态。其次，考生要能够抓中心，列要点，列出写作提纲。 写作文时，一定要切题，抓住中心，紧扣要点。然后在体裁明确、中心突出、要点清晰的前提下，考生应该选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语、句型，将要点逐条表达出来。最后根据要点选词组句，然后按照篇章结构连句成篇。本篇文章的要点具体，可分成三段写，第一段写要点1、2；第二段写要点3；第三段写要点4，以及希望得到对方的回信。
【亮点说明】本文要点齐全，结构完整。使用多种句式，如定语从句：I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.、表语从句：It is just what I want.等。还使用了大量短语等。
【考点定位】考查提纲类作文
2021-2022学年黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学高二上学期
开学考试英语试题
满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.
A
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your choice of sport might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemical and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition .This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.
1. What do we know about golf from the passage?
A. It is not played in Portugal and Spain at all.
B. It causes water shortages around the world.
C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
D. It needs water and energy to keep its courses in good condition.
2 The author uses power walking as an example mainly because ________.
A. it is free B. it benefits our health
C. it is resource-saving D. it gets people close to the nature
3. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of ?
A. Cycling in a mountain. B. Working out in a gym.
C. Swimming in a sports center. D. Playing golf in the countryside.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对比介绍了某些浪费资源和节约资源的运动，呼吁我们积极参加绿色体育运动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemical and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition . (有些运动需要大量资源。你可能知道，高尔夫不仅要消耗大量的乡村土地，而且还要消耗大量的水。此外，各种化学物质和大量的能源被用来保持其场地的良好状态，这造成了重大的环境影响)”可知，高尔夫需要水和能源来保持场地的良好状态。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. (有很多环保运动。快走是你今天可以开始的其中一项。除了一双好鞋，你不需要任何特殊的设备；你不用担心资源和钱包。简单且免费，快走也能让你保持健康)”可知，作者以快步走为例，主要是因为这种运动节约资源。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free. (绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行运动。没有会员这种特别的要求也可以开始运动。最棒的是，它是免费的。)”可以推知，作者最可能赞成在山上骑自行车。故选A项。
B
August or "Auggie" Pullman, a ten-year-old boy living in New York City, was born with a facial deformity(畸形) that has made it difficult for him to make friends. He has been homeschooled up until fifth grade, but his parents have decided that it is time for him to go to real school. They send him to Beecher Prep, neighborhood private school, and take him to meet the headmaster, Mr. Tushman. While August is there, some of the kids take him on a tour of the school; one of them, Jack Will, is nice, but another, Julian, is noticeably rude. Jack is nice to him, and August believes he has found a friend.
August's classmates slowly get used to the way his face looks. He is friendly to others and performs well in class. August becomes friends with Jack, and with a girl named Summer who sits with him at lunch on the first day. However, things get worse on Halloween, August's favorite day of the year, when August overhears Jack say to Julian and some other boys that he would kill himself if he looked like August. He also says he is only nice to August because Mr. Tushman asked him to be. Jack is completely unaware that August himself is sitting nearby. August gets hurt deeply and stops talking to Jack. When Jack finds the truth, he feels guilty(内疚的) about being mean. He really does want to be friends with August. One day, Jack hits Julian for saying mean things about August. After that, Jack and August become friends and start eating lunch together with Summer.
At wilderness camp, August is attacked by a group of seventh graders in order to protect Jack. Public opinion swings in favor of August. In the end,August wins the Henry Ward Beecher medal, a special award for courage and kindness. August is amazed that he survived fifth grade. His. friends and family make him feel like a regular kid. The novel ends with his mother whispering in his ear, calling him a “wonder”.
4. What makes August different from other children?
A. His unusual parents. B. His abnormal appearance.
C. His bad temper. D. His unfriendly classmates.
5. Why does Jack feel guilty when August stops talking to him?
A. He says something mean about August B. He follows Mr. Tushman's requirement
C. He hits August without reason. D. Julian doesn't like August at all
6. What's the ending of the story?
A. August is 'really a failure at school.
B. August is not surprised that he survived fifth grade.
C. August drops out of school in the end.
D. August wins a medal for his courage and kindness.
7. What type of writing is the text?
A. A film review. B. A new report.
C. A book review. D. An advertisement.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了名叫August的十岁男孩，由于天生面部畸形，直到五年级时才去学校上学，在交友时遇到各种困难，但是最后靠他的友善和勇气创造了奇迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“August or "Auggie"Pullman, a ten-year-old boy living in New York City, was born with a facial deformity(畸形) that has made it difficult for him to make friends.（August是一个十岁男孩，天生面部畸形，这使得他交友困难）”可知，他的不正常的外貌让他和其他人不同。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He also says he is only nice to August because Mr. Tushman asked him to be. Jack is completely unaware that August himself is sitting nearby. August gets hurt deeply and stops talking to Jack. When Jack finds the truth, he feels guilty(内疚的) about being mean.（Jack说他对August友好，那是老师让他那样。Jack完全没有意识到August就在旁边坐着。August深受伤害，不再和杰克说话。当杰克发现真相时，他为自己的刻薄感到内疚）”可知，Jack因为自己说了一些刻薄的话而感到内疚。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the end,August wins the Henry Ward Beecher medal, a special award for courage and kindness.”可知，最后，August因他的勇气和友善获得了一项特殊奖项。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The novel ends with his mother whispering in his ear, calling him a ‘wonder’．（这部小说结束时，她的妈妈在他的耳边低声告诉他，他是一个奇迹）”可推知，本文是书评。故选C。
C
Ms. Blake wanted to leave the San Francisco Bay Area. Her parents had bought a house on a large plot of land near a gateway to Yosemite National Park. Benjamin could stay with them while she worked at a supermarket in town. He could run around in the hills. What she hadn’t quite accounted for, though, is how the hills are becoming hotter, drier and more dangerous.
A year after they moved came the first of an annual series of wildfires, and an asthma diagnosis (哮喘诊断) for Benjamin. One year, they had to leave from their home for a few days. Another year, they bought air-conditioners so they could keep the windows shut when the air got thick and smoky. This year, just as it seemed like Benjamin’s asthma was relieving, came the Creek Fire in the hills nearby. The air turned white with smoke. The boy had what appeared to be a mild asthma attack.
Ms. Blake struggles to explain to him why he can't be outside exploring. She worries when he goes to school. She wonders how much longer the family will be able to insure their home if rates climb higher — and what they’ll do if insurance becomes unavailable at any price. “It seems every year there’s some major fire,” Ms. Blake said. “We're smoked out. It's hard to breathe. It's always a worry that you' re going to have to flee or you1 re going to lose your home.” She said she had spent in the neighborhood of $1,000 this year to equip her home. “To protect my son of course I’m going to do that,” she said. “But it' s fundamentally unfair.”
8. What can be learned from Paragraph 1-2?
A. Benjamin likes living in San Francisco Bay Area
B. Benjamin didn’t have an asthma before moving.
C. Ms. Blake stayed with her son while working.
D. Ms. Blake could explain how the hills are becoming drier.
9. Why did Ms. Blake buy air-conditioners?
A. To help cure Benjamin’s asthma.
B. To keep the air cool in hot summer.
C. To keep the air drier in the house.
D. To keep the windows shut when necessary.
10. What is the direct factor to Benjamin’s asthma?
A. Some dry brush and dead trees caused fire.
B. Series of wildfires attacked his living area.
C. The weather became hotter and drier.
D. The air got thick and smoky in the San Francisco Bay Area.
11. How did Ms. Blake feel about the series of wildfires?
A. Anxious and angry.
B. Concerned and confused.
C. Unconcerned and uninterested.
D. Positive and hopeful.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。布莱克小姐一家饱受居住地附近山火的困扰，她的儿子患上了哮喘。布莱克小姐对此感到焦虑和愤怒。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A year after they moved came the first of an annual series of wildfires, and an asthma diagnosis (哮喘诊断) for Benjamin.(搬家一年后，本杰明遭遇了一系列山火中的第一场，并被诊断出患有哮喘)”可知，本杰明在搬家前没有哮喘病。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Another year, they bought air - conditioners so they could keep the windows shut when the air got thick and smoky.(又有一年，他们买了空调，这样当空气变得浓重和烟雾弥漫时，他们就可以把窗户关上)”可知，布莱克小姐买空调是为了必要时关好窗户。故选D。
10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“What she hadn’t quite accounted for, though, is how the hills are becoming hotter, drier and more dangerous.(然而，她没有完全解释的是，这些山丘是如何变得更热、更干燥和更危险的)”和第二段后三句“This year, just as it seemed like Benjamin’s asthma was relieving, came the Creek Fire in the hills nearby. The air turned white with smoke. The boy had what appeared to be a mild asthma attack.(今年，就在本杰明的哮喘似乎得到缓解的时候，附近山上的小溪起火了。空气被烟熏白了。这个男孩似乎有轻微的哮喘发作)”可知，一连串的山火袭击了他的居住区域是本杰明哮喘的直接原因。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句和第五句““It seems every year there’s some major fire,” Ms. Blake said. “We're smoked out. It's hard to breathe. It's always a worry that you' re going to have to flee or you1 re going to lose your home.”(“似乎每年都有一些重大火灾，”布莱克说。“我们熏出来。呼吸困难。人们总是担心你会不得不逃离或者失去你的家)”可知，布莱克小姐感到焦虑，根据最后一段最后一句“But it' s fundamentally unfair. (但这根本不公平)”可知，她很愤怒。故选A。
D
Paper cutting is one of China's most popular folk arts. Archaeological (考古学上的) finds show that the tradition started in the 6th century; it is even supposed that the beginning of paper cutting is even a few centuries earlier.
Paper cuts have special importance at festivals and on holidays. To get rid of the old and bring good luck, people put up paper cuts on the windows on the Eve the Spring Festival.
Paper cuts are not produced by machine but by hand. They are done all over China, but are different in the method in different areas. There are two methods of making paper cuts-by using scissors (剪刀) or knives. As the name suggests, scissors cuttings are made with scissors. Several pieces of paper (up to eight pieces) are placed together. The patterns are then cut with pointed scissors. Knife, cuttings are made by putting several pieces of paper on a table. Following a pattern, the artist cuts the patterns into the paper with a knife.
In the past, paper cuts were usually made only by women and girls. They used scissors and paper to cut all kinds of pictures such as apple trees, peach blossoms, mice, fighting roosters (公鸡) and rabbits eating carrots.
This used to be one of the skills that every girl was to master. Professional paper cutting artists are, on the other hand, almost always men who can make a living by working together in workshops.
12. How long has paper cutting lasted at least?
A. About 600 years. B. About 1, 500 years.
C. About 2,000 years. D. About 2, 700 years.
13. People put up paper cuts on the windows in order to __________.
A. make them look more beautiful
B. show others their excellent skills
C. bring them good luck in the new year
D. sell them on the Eve of the Spring Festival
14. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Two kinds of paper cuts. B. Paper cuts are made by hand.
C. Paper cuts are made by machine. D. The process of making paper cuts.
15. Paper cuts are usually about _________.
A. family members of the artists B. sports and social activities
C. fights between animals D. things in our daily life
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统艺术——剪纸。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Archaeological (考古学上的) finds show that the tradition started in the 6th century …(考古发现表明，剪纸这一传统始于6世纪)”可知，因为剪纸开始于公元6世纪，现在是21世纪，所以剪纸艺术持续大约1500年。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“To get rid of the old and bring good luck, people put up paper cuts on the windows on the Eve the Spring Festival.( 为了驱除旧，带来好运，人们在除夕的窗户上贴上剪纸)”可知，人们把剪纸贴在窗户上，以便在新的一年里给他们带来好运。故选C。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读第三段内容，并根据第三段“There are two methods of making paper cuts-by using scissors (剪刀) or knives. (剪纸有两种方法——用剪刀或刀)”可知，本文主要介绍了两种剪纸的艺术形式。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They used scissors and paper to cut all kinds of pictures such as apple trees, peach blossoms, mice, fighting roosters (公鸡) and rabbits eating carrots.( 他们用剪刀和纸剪出各种各样的图画，比如苹果树、桃花、老鼠、斗鸡和兔子吃胡萝卜)”可知，剪纸作品通常与我们的日常生活有关。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。两项多余
Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or another, you'll have to stand up and say—problems, I don't want you in my life.
___16___Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children—the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shaped and colors and feelings.
But good news is that all problems can be dealt with Now read on to know how to solve your problems.
Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. ___17___Talking helps you move on and let go.
Write your problems. ___18___When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.
Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family…you should still have faith. ___19___
Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours. ___20___Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed.
Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.
A. Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born.
B. When we have a problem, a pressing, critical, urgent, life-threatening problem, how do we try and solve it？
C. Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don't want a real person to talk with.
D. But the truth is that when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.
E. We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
F. Tell yourself：when they can deal with them, why can't I？
G. With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文主要介绍了如何处理生活中遇到的问题。一个人从出生就开始跟麻烦打交道，遇到问题并不可怕，问题是可以被解决的。
【16题详解】
上文“Although problems are a part of our lives…... you'll have to stand up and say—problems…...”点出本文的话题是生活中的问题，空格处承上启下，下文“Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children—the list goes on.（与朋友、父母、女友、丈夫和孩子之间的问题不胜枚举）”说明生活中的问题贯穿着人的一生，A项的“Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born.”中troubles和problems对象一致，“since we were born ” 时间线与下文不同人生阶段中问题的对象一致，故选A。
【17题详解】
上文“Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.(说话，真的很有帮助。我们大多数人认为，我们的问题只能由我们自己来理解，没有对话是有帮助的。)”说明本段的话题是talk，大多数人持有反对观点，下文“Talking helps you move on and let go.”观点相反，交谈能帮助你继续前进，放下过去。推测空格处观点发生转折，D选项“But the truth is that when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.”出现but 连词，且对talk的观点是支持态度，故选D。
【18题详解】
上文“Write your problems.（写下你的问题）”为本段中心句，下文“When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system.（当你写下你的问题时，你就释放了你系统的所有压力。）”说出写出问题的意义，选项C中“Having a personal diary”与上文一致，用一本私人的日记来写下问题，故选C。
【19题详解】
上文“Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family…you should still have faith.（不要失去信心和希望。无论你在生活中失去了什么，都不要失去信心和希望。即使你失去了所有的钱，家人，你仍然要有信心。）”点出本段主题是要有信心和希望，空格在段落末尾，总结本段，选项中“With faith and hope…...”关键词重复，概括段落，故选G。
【20题详解】
上文“Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.（你的问题还不是最糟糕的。无论你在生活中遇到什么问题，都有另外一百万人的问题比你的更大。）”围绕your problems展开，下文“Your problems……but in reality they …….” 话题指代你的问题，他们。选项F前半段“Tell yourself：when they can deal with them,？”，其中yourself和they指代与上下文一致，代词them代指problems，上下呼应，故选F。
第二部分 完形填空（共15小题；每题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I never expected to go to the University of Michigan. I grew up in a small Midwest town where college wasn’t ____21____ by any means. Many students entered the workplace straight out of high school. For a long time, that’s where I thought I would end up.
At some point during my senior year, I started ____22____ everywhere, just. I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing) ____23____ , but I came from a town of nowhere. So you can imagine the emotions of____24____ I had when I received a big envelope in the mail with the word “ ____25____ ” written across the top.
Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go. I had received ____26____ aid and scholarships, which I think was a ____27____ factor (因素) in the decision. And it seemed that no matter how much work I ____28____ , it would just be considered a waste of ____29____ . I often felt I was lacking ____30____ . I did the application all by myself. After moving to college, I did two jobs and paid for my ____31____ and bills.
Looking back on it now I feel that it wasn’t ____32____ to be self-reliant. But in the long run, I ____33____ the lack of support I had at such a key point in my life which taught me to be ____34____ and responsible in hard times, to go beyond ____35____ and to try things I never thought I would ever be able to try. I believe that’s what college is all about.
21. A. admired B. envied C. expected D. afforded
22. A. delivering B. applying C. registering D. competing
23. A. scores B. diplomas C. qualifications D. certificates
24. A. anxiety B. relief C. calmness D. conflict
25. A. Wishes B. Regards C. Cheers D. Congratulations
26. A. academic B. spiritual C. financial D. parents'
27. A. boring B. driving C. discouraging D. promising
28. A. put in B. take in C. get in D. persist in
29. A. space B. money C. resource D. time
30. A. support B. courage C. motivation D. concern
31. A. feasts B. necessities C. seminars D. majors
32. A. hard B. right C. easy D. awkward
33. A. ignore B. disapprove C. forget D. appreciate
34. A. independent B. easy-going C. honest D. considerate
35. A. recognition B. expectation C. control D. description
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者出生在美国中西部的一个小城镇，从来没有想过能上大学，但作者通过自己的努力最终考上了大学并通过打工支付自己的学费和日常花销。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，生活中的困难教会我们独立和有责任心，我们要尝试从来没有想过自己能做的事情。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在中西部的一个小镇长大，在那里，无论如何都不指望上大学。A.admired羡慕；B.envied嫉妒； C.expected期待；D.afforded承担得起。根据后文“Many students entered the workplace straight out of high school. ”可知，因为许多学生高中一毕业就直接进入职场，由此可知，作者不指望能上大学。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只是在我高三的某个时候，我开始到处申请。A.delivering递送；B.applying申请；C.registering注册；D.competing竞争。根据第三段倒数第二句“ I did the application all by myself. ”可知，此处指作者开始申请大学。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我达到了要求的成绩和ACT(美国大学考试)分数，但我来自一个无名小镇。A.scores分数；B.diplomas文凭；C.qualifications资格；D.certificates证书。根据本句中的“required grades”及“the ACT (American College Testing)”可知，作者达到所要求的成绩和ACT分数(scores)。此处“grades”与“scores”同义。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，你可以想象当我收到一个写着“祝贺你”的大信封时，我内心的矛盾情绪。A.anxiety焦虑；B.relief如释重负；C.calmness镇静；D.conflict冲突，矛盾。根据上文中的 “I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing)__3___, but I came from a town of nowhere可知，作者达到了大学的申请条件，但觉得自己来自一个不知名的小镇，因此心情矛盾。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.Wishes祝福；B.Regards致意，问候；C.Cheers欢呼；D.Congratulations庆祝。根据后文“Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go. ”可知，作者最终上了大学，故信封上的字应是“祝贺”。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我获得了经济援助和奖学金，我认为这是我做出这个决定的一个驱动因素。A.academic学术的；B.spiritual精神的；C.financial财政的，经济上的；D.parents’父母的。根据下文的“scholarships”可知，作者得到了助学金和奖学金，即经济上的援助。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.boring无聊的；B.driving推进的；C.discouraging令人气馁的；D.promising充满希望的。根据上文可知，作者获得了经济上的帮助，这推动了作者决定去上大学。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：而且似乎无论我投入了多少努力，都只是在浪费时间。A.put in投入；B.take in吸收，明白；C.get in到达；D.persist in坚持。根据后文“it would just be considered a waste of __9_____”可知，此处表示无论作者投入多少，作者感觉都是在浪费时间。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.space空间；B.money金钱；C.resource资源；D.time时间。根据前半句和句意可知，作者认为无论自己投入多少，都是在浪费时间。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我经常觉得自己缺少支持。A.support支持；B.courage勇气；C.motivation动力；D.concern担忧。由后文“I did the application all by myself.”和“the lack of support…”可知，因为作者自己申请大学，又要自己挣钱支付自己的开销，所以作者觉得自己缺少支持。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：上大学后，我做了两份工作，支付生活必需品和账单。A.feasts盛宴；B.necessities必需品；C.seminars研讨会；D.majors专业。根据后文“and bills.”可知，作者做两份工作来支付生活必需品和账单。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我觉得要自立是不容易的。A.hard困难的；B.right对的；C.easy简单的；D.awkward尴尬的。根据后一句中的“But”可知，作者认为自力更生不容易，但却从中受益匪浅。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但从长远来看，我很感激在生命如此关键的时刻，我没有得到支持，这教会了我在困难的时候要独立和负责任，要超越预期，要尝试我从未想过自己能够尝试的事情。A.ignore忽视；B.disapprove不同意；C.forget忘记；D.appreciate感激，欣赏。根据后文“which taught me to be 14 and responsible in hard times”可知，因为这段时期教会了作者要负责任，所以作者感激这段时期。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但从长远来看，我很感激在生命如此关键的时刻，我没有得到支持，这教会了我在困难的时候要独立和负责任，要超越预期，要尝试我从未想过自己能够尝试的事情。A.independent独立的；B.easy-going随和的；C.honest诚实的；D.considerate体贴的。根据空后“and responsible in hard times”可知，此处指在困难时期，独立和负责任。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但从长远来看，我很感激在生命如此关键的时刻，我没有得到支持，这教会了我在困难的时候要独立和负责任，要超越预期，要尝试我从未想过自己能够尝试的事情。A.recognition辨认；B.expectation期待；C.control控制；D.description描述。根据后文“to try things I never thought I would ever be able to try. ”可知，因为要尝试从未想过自己能够尝试的事情，所以此处指超越预期。故选B。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共三节, 满分60分)
第一节 单词拼写（共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分）
36. I frequently use sunflowers as _______ (象征，标志) of strength. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】symbols
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我经常用向日葵来象征力量。根据汉语提示“象征，标志”，可知应填名词symbol，作宾语，结合上文sunflowers可知此处应用复数形式。故填symbols。
37. Though he ________ (克服) many difficulties, he wasn't fortunate enough. （根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】overcame
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然他克服了许多困难，但他还是不够幸运。根据汉语提示可知，overcome克服，动词作谓语，符合题意；由主句wasn't可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填overcame。
38. The flight with 145 passengers ________ (上飞机) from Tokyo landed on the airport in Beijing yesterday. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】aboard
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：载有145名乘客的飞机昨天从东京起飞，降落在北京机场。分析句子可知，设空处为with+名词+副词的复合结构，表示状态，根据汉语意思，故填aboard。
39. Such a positive________ (态度)to life can be helpful in keeping your spirits up. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】attitude
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这种积极的生活态度有助于保持你的精神状态。根据汉语提示可知，attitude态度，名词作主语，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填attitude。
40. To be________ (坦率的）, I don’t like hiking ; it is not my cup of tea. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】frank
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：坦率地讲，我不喜欢徒步旅行；那不是我喜欢的。根据固定短语To be frank（坦率地讲）可知，空格处填frank。故填frank。
41. People often ________ (抱怨) about traffic jams in big cities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】complain
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：人们经常抱怨大城市的交通堵塞。根据汉语提示可知，complain抱怨，动词作谓语；由频度副词often可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复数people可知，空处谓语动词需用原形。故填complain。
42. He hit the target after he ________ (射中)at it several times. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】shot
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他朝目标开了几枪后，就射中了。根据汉语提示可知，shoot射中，动词作谓语，符合题意；由主句谓语动词hit可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填shot。
43. She ________ (按) her face against the window to see what was happening outside. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】pressed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她把脸贴在窗户上，看看外面发生了什么事。根据汉语提示可知，press按，动词作谓语，符合题意；由空后从句“what was happening outside”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填pressed。
44. With both of them trying to defend their own view, there is a ________ (冲突)between the two sides. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】conflict
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们都试图捍卫自己的观点，因此双方发生了冲突。根据汉语提示可知，conflict冲突，名词，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填conflict。
45. Basing an important decision more on ________ (情感）than on reason, you（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】emotion
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你做重要的决定更多的是建立在感情而不是理智基础之上。根据空格前的on可知空格处是宾语。再根据reason是名词可知，空格处是名词。故填emotion。
46. He told stories ________ (生动地)and held his audience’s attention. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vividly
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他生动地讲故事，吸引了听众的注意力。根据汉语提示可知，vividly生动地，副词作状语修饰动词told，符合题意。故填vividly。
47. Patricia looked beautiful and ________ (优雅的) as always. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】elegant
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：Patricia一如既往地美丽优雅。根据汉语提示可知，elegant优雅的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填elegant。
48. If she ________ (缺乏)interest in her work, she won’t do it well. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】lacks
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果她对工作缺乏兴趣，她就做不好。由汉语提示可知，lack缺乏，动词作谓语；本句是if引导的条件状语从句，对将来情况的预测，所以谓语动词的时态遵循主将从现原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态表示一般将来时；所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，所以空处谓语动词用单数lacks。故填lacks。
49. Water was found of at a(n) ________ (深度)of 30 metres. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】depth
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在30米深的地方发现了水。根据汉语提示可知，depth深度，名词，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填depth。
50. The moment the lights went off, the man________ (攫取）the jewels on the counter and slid out of the store. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】grabbed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：灯刚一灭，这个人就攫取柜台上的珠宝，乘机溜出商店。根据汉语提示“攫取”可知，应填动词grab，根据从句谓语动词went off可知，该句表示过去的事实，要用一般过去时。故填grabbed。
第二节 单句语法填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
51. Some insects take on the color of their ________ (surround) to protect themselves. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】surroundings
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：有些昆虫伪装成周围环境的颜色来保护自己。空处作宾语，表示“环境”应用名词surrounding，表示“环境”时常用复数形式。故填surroundings。
52. Even if it’s not your fault, you can make ____________ apology to him. After all, you are close friends. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】an
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：即使那不是你的错，你也可以向他道歉。毕竟，你们是亲密的朋友。固定短语“make an apology to sb.”译为“向某人道歉”，所以填入不定冠词an。故填an。
53. Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：苏珊清楚地向我表明她希望为自己过一种新的生活。分析可知，that she wished to make a new life for herself. 是真正的宾语，因此要用it作形式宾语。故填it。
54. It is important ________ we should take care of the old in our country.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：在我们国家，照顾老人是很重要的。本句中使用了句式It is + adj. + that 从句，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。分析可知，设空后的句子成分齐全，所以此处用从属连词that来连接。故填that。
55. ________ (disappoint) and upset, the boy left the classroom. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Disappointed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：失望又沮丧，男孩离开了教室。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应填形容词disappointed，作伴随状语。句子首字母大写。故填Disappointed。
56. _____the help of the teacher,I realized the importance of English,so I decided to learn English well. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】With
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：在老师的帮助下，我意识到英语的重要性，因此我决定将英语学好。此处是短语with the help of“在某人的帮助下”。故填With。
57. I hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the plane had taken off. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be told
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我匆匆赶到机场，却被告知飞机已经起飞。分析可知，only to一般用作结果状语，所以设空处应用不定式。tell与主语I 是被动关系，因此要用不定式的被动语态。故填to be told。
58. The thief managed to avoid ________ (recognize) by security guards. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】being recognized
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小偷设法避免被保安认出来。此处为短语avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，且recognize与thief构成被动关系，故应用being done形式。故填being recognized。
59. It’s time that we ________ (go) to the railway station. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】went
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们该去火车站了。It’s time that后的从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词通常用一般过去式。故填went。
60. It was the park________he first met his wife. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那是他第一次遇见他妻子的公园。此处the park是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，定语从句由关系副词where引导。故填where。
61. The beautiful view of the city is ___________ attracts me most. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这座城市的美丽景色最吸引我。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导表语从句，从句中缺主语，指代句中的“这座城市的美丽景色”，为物，且没有选择范围，故应用what引导表语从句。故填what。
62. It was not until the authority approved it________ the cinema could show it. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到当局批准，电影院才可以放映它。分析句子结构可知， 此处为强调句型：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。故填that。
63. You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】unless
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你全身心地投入工作，否则你永远不会获得成功。分析句子可知，空后面的从句为条件状语从句，意为“除非”，故填unless。
64. I can’t choose but ______ (keep) silence at your decision. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】keep
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我别无选择，只能对你的决定保持沉默。can't do but do除了……之外，别无他法。根据句意，故填keep。
65. It is Tom, rather than you, that ________（be）to blame. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】is
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：是汤姆而不是你应负责任。分析句子可知，句子是强调句型，原句是：Tom， rather than you is to blame.句子实际上的主语是Tom，是第三人称单数，当主语后面有rather than短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语的影响，仍然与主语保持一致；由原句中的is可知，句子用一般现在时，故填is。
【点睛】
66. With ________ (fall) leaves buried in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fallen
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于每年落叶被埋在土里，土壤变得越来越肥沃。分析可知，空格处缺少定语，fall的形容词有fallen (落下的，表示动作已经完成）；falling( 正在落，表示动作正在进行 )。因此，结合语境，用过去分词作定语。故填fallen。
67. He hurried into the carriage .The train ________ (leave) in a few minutes. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was leaving
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他很快进入车厢。火车几分钟之后就离开。根据语境可知，空格处是过去将来时。英语中表示趋向性动词，例如：go, come, leave, arrive等常用进行时态表将来。此处应用过去进行时表将来。故填was leaving。
68. It’s better to give expression to your________ (angry) ,rather than hide it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】anger
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：愤怒最好是表达出来，而不是隐藏起来。形容词性物主代词his后需接名词；angry的名词为anger“愤怒”，不可数名词。故填anger。
69. It is every soldier’s duty to defend our country ________ enemies. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】against
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：抵御外敌，保卫祖国是每位战士的职责。根据defend...against (保护.....免受.)可知，空格处填介词against。故填against。
70. An artist has come up with a cool idea to raise ________ (aware) of global warming. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】awareness
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了提高人们对全球变暖的意识，一位艺术家想出了一个很酷的主意。动词raise后需接名词作宾语，aware的名词为awareness“意识”，不可数名词。故填awareness。
第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin, is one of China's four great classical novels. Long____71____(consider) a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generally acknowledged to be the peak(顶峰) of Chinese fiction.
The writer shows deep sympathy for the victims____72____feudal oppression(封建压迫). At the same time, he mercilessly exposes the true nature of the oppressors. The Jia family is a mirror ____73____reflects feudal society's becoming rotten and going downhill.
The content and meaning of the novel are ____74____rich and deep that a special kind of learning called"Red Studies" started____75____ (short) after the novel was published, and has continued to this day, Various theories have been put forward about the, author's' family and friends, his reason for ____76____(write)the novel and the true meaning of the novel. Many details of the story have been explained in ____77____(differ)ways by scholars.
The novel has been translated into several other____78____ (language)Perhaps no other novel, Chinese or foreign, ____79____ (enjoy) and discussed by so many people for so long. This fact proves the ____80____(great) of the novel and the unique position it has in the long history of Chinese literature.
【答案】71. considered
72. of 73. that##which
74. so 75. shortly
76. writing
77. different
78. languages
79. has been enjoyed
80. greatness
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四大名著之一的小说《红楼梦》的一些情况。
【71题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：长期被认为是中国文学的杰作，这本小说被公认为是中国小说的顶峰。分析可知，空格处是状语，consider与主语the novel是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填considered。
【72题详解】
考查介词。句意：作者对受封建压迫者表达了深深的同情。分析可知，空格处表示所属关系，要用介词of +n作后置定语。故填of。
【73题详解】
考查关系代词。句意：贾府是一面反应封建社会变腐败和没落的镜子。空格前是完整的句子，空格后是定语从句。a mirror是先行词，在从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词that/which。
【74题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：这部小说的内容和含义如此丰富和深奥，以致于小说出版后不久，就有红学研究会成立去专门研究这部小说。根据“so……that……(如此……以致于……)”可知，空格处填so。
【75题详解】
考查副词。句意：小说出版后不久，就有红学研究会成立去专门研究这部小说。根据shortly after（不久之后）可知，空格处应填副词，故填shortly。
【76题详解】
考查动名词。句意：各种各样有关作者的家庭，朋友，写作的意图及小说的真实含义的理论被提出。由介词for可知，空格处缺少宾语，要用动名词。故填writing。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个故事的细节被学者用不同的方式解释。分析空格处作定语，要用形容词。故填different。
【78题详解】
考查名词。句意：这部小说已经被翻译成其它不同的语言。分析可知，其它语言不止一种，要用名词复数。故填languages。
【79题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：也许，没有其它小说，不管中国还是外国的，能够像这部小说长久受人喜爱。根据for so long可知，要用现在完成时，enjoy 和主语no other novel是被动关系，因此，用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been enjoyed。
【80题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个事实证明这部小说的伟大以及它在中国文学史上的独一无二的地位。 根据空格前的 the可知，空格处填名词。故填greatness。
第四部分：书面表达 (25分)
81. 假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon 在网上发贴，.希望有人能帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1. 表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2. 说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3. 给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4. 提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意：
1. 词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不得透漏个人姓名和学校名称；
Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarm
【答案】Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am quite interested in it . I think I’m fit for it. As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years. In addition ,I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. So I’m quite confident thatI can help you learn Mandarin.
Learning Mandarin takes time, so if you want to learn it well ,you should spend much time practicing Mandarin everyday. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Besides, you can also read some books in Chinese、see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes. Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.
In your post, you say you can teach English as a reward. It is just what I want. I’m eager to improve my English. So, if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin, you can also help me improve my English.We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking.
Hope for you early reply!
Yours Sincerely
Li Xia
【解析】
【详解】试题分析：考查提纲类作文。提纲作文在写作时需要注意以下几个方面：首先需要审题。即：审要求、审文体、审人称、审时态。其次，考生要能够抓中心，列要点，列出写作提纲。 写作文时，一定要切题，抓住中心，紧扣要点。然后在体裁明确、中心突出、要点清晰的前提下，考生应该选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语、句型，将要点逐条表达出来。最后根据要点选词组句，然后按照篇章结构连句成篇。本篇文章的要点具体，可分成三段写，第一段写要点1、2；第二段写要点3；第三段写要点4，以及希望得到对方的回信。
【亮点说明】本文要点齐全，结构完整。使用多种句式，如定语从句：I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.、表语从句：It is just what I want.等。还使用了大量短语等。
【考点定位】考查提纲类作文
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