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高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十九选修6Unit4Globalwarming课件
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十九选修6Unit4Globalwarming课件，共60页。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2021·黄冈模拟) Walls blanketed in mss(苔藓)are ppping up in majr cities, alng with prmises that they can reduce air pllutin—but can a few square metres f plant matter really deal with the smg?
A Berlin-based firm, Green City Slutins, believes s. Its mss walls, called the CityTree, are rughly 4 square metres in size. Armed with Wi-Fi sensrs t mnitr the health f mss, a CityTree functins autnmusly and requires very little maintenance(维护). The wall cllects rainwater, which is pumped thrugh a built-in irrigatin system t the plants, pwered by slar energy. As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able t “eat” arund 250 grams f particulate(颗粒) matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and remves abut 240 metric tns f CO2 annually. It als cls the surrunding air.
Aware that getting the surrunding air in cntact with the mss wall is crucial fr the CityTree t be effective, the inventrs ensure that the lcatin f each installatin (安装) is chsen carefully. Spts where pllutin is heavy due t traffic and where air flw is limited are picked. The imprtance f this step is explained by the fact that the waste gas frm a car generally ges vertically a few kilmetres int the air.
But this desn’t mean mss walls will necessarily prtect peple frm pllutin. In the Netherlands, researchers fund that eight walls installed in Amsterdam failed t reduce the cncentratin f particulate matter (PM) and nitrgen dixide (NO2). Their reprt cncluded that even dubling the number f mss walls wuld d little t imprve their effectiveness.
The CityTree is nt meant fr parks r t substitute fr street trees, but t add greenery t cncrete-heavy spaces where planting is nt an ptin. It’s imprtant t remember that street trees prvide a whle hst f ther benefits, including shelter and habitat fr urban wildlife, shade and cling fr peple n the street, and reductin f urban heat islands.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以号称能够减少空气污染的, 在大城市如雨后春笋般出现的CityTree—苔藓墙是否真的能对付雾霾展开了讨论, 分别从其功能、选址, 以及是否有效发挥作用方面进行了讲述。作者在文末提出个人观点: 苔藓墙并不能够取代公园和街道树木。
1. What d we knw abut the CityTree? A. It can absrb sme air pllutants. B. It can irrigate ther street plants. C. It prduces electricity t cl water. D. It is aimed at saving water in cities.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容: As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able t “eat” arund 250 grams f particulate matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and remves abut 240 metric tns f CO2 annually. 可知每棵“城市树”每天可以“吃”大约250克的颗粒物(每年近90千克), 每年可以消除约240吨的二氧化碳。因此它有吸收一些空气污染物的功能。
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut? A. The imprtance f CityTree. B. The functin f CityTree. C. Hw t perate CityTree. D. Where t place CityTree.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通过阅读可知, 该段首句内容为本段中心主旨句, “Aware that getting the surrunding air in cntact with the mss wall is crucial fr the CityTree t be effective, the inventrs ensure that the lcatin f each installatin is chsen carefully. ( 考虑到让周围的空气与苔藓墙接触对城市树的有效性至关重要, 发明者确保每个装置的位置都是精心选择的。)”可知, 本段主要在讲述苔藓墙的安装位置。
3. Why is the example f Amsterdam mentined in Paragraph 4? A. T shw that CityTree can’t always wrk well. B. T prve that CityTree can reduce air pllutants. C. T emphasize the necessity f building mss walls. D. T analyze the reasns fr the failure f the prgram.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据英文文章的写作特点可知, 举例内容应是对本段主旨要点的支持或例证, 题干中提及举例内容“Amsterdam”紧跟于本段主旨要点之后, 是为了给主旨句例证。结合主旨内容“But this desn’t mean mss walls will necessarily prtect peple frm pllutin. (但这并不意味着苔藓墙一定会保护人们免受污染。)”由此判断出, 该例子是为了证明苔藓墙并不一定会发挥作用。
4. What is the authr’s attitude twards replacing street trees with mss walls? A. Ambiguus. B. Disapprving. C. Supprtive. D. Cautius. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“The CityTree is nt meant fr parks r t substitute fr street trees, but t add greenery t cncrete-heavy spaces where planting is nt an ptin. ( “城市树”并不是为公园设计的, 也不是用来替代街道上的树, 而是为混凝土密集的空间增加绿色植物, 在这些空间里不可以种植植物。)”可推知, 对于用苔藓墙取代街道上的树这种做法, 作者是反对的。
【规律方法】细节理解题解题技巧在阅读理解题中, 有相当一部分题目属于事实或细节题, 特别是直接理解性题目, 比较简单, 只要通读全文, 了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节, 就可以解答出来, 有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案; 另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
B A new study shws that rising levels f planet-warming gases may reduce imprtant nutrients in fd crps.
Researchers studied the effects f ne such gas-carbn dixide-n rice. The researchers grew rice plants in a cntrlled envirnment. They set carbn dixide levels t what scientists are predicting fr ur planet by the end f the century. They fund that the resulting rice crps had lwer than nrmal levels f vitamins, minerals and prtein. The researchers said the effects f planet-warming gases wuld be mst severe fr the prest citizens in sme f the least develped cuntries. These peple generally eat the mst rice and have the least cmplex diets, they nted.
In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds f rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbn dixide gas ver the plants in an effrt t create the atmsphere f the future. Rice grwn under high carbn dixide cnditins had, n average, 13 t 30 percent lwer levels f fur B vitamins and 10 percent less prtein. The crps als had 8 percent less irn and 5 percent less zinc(锌)than rice grwn under nrmal cnditins. Hwever, vitamin E levels increased by abut 13 percent n average.
The results are bad news, “especially fr the nutritin f the prer ppulatin in less-develped cuntries, ” said the University f Tky’s Kazuhik Kbayashi, wh helped t write the reprt. That includes abut 600 millin peple in Indnesia, Cambdia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Las and ther natins, mainly in Sutheast Asia, the reprt said. One f the scientists is Sam Myers f Harvard University in the American state f Massachusetts. He said that findings like this are an example f the surprises climate change create. “My cncern is there are many mre surprises t cme, ” he said.
Myers nted that pllutin, lss f sme species, destructin f frests, and ther human activities are likely t prduce unexpected prblems. He said that yu cannt cmpletely change all the natural systems that living rganisms have grwn t depend n ver millins f years withut having effects cme back t affect ur wn health. The new study suggests a way t lwer the nutritinal harm f climate change. One way, Kbayashi said, is t grw different frms f rice that have shwn t be mre resistant t higher carbn dixide levels.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明, 不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分, 对人们的身体健康造成影响。
5. Which cuntry wuld be influenced mst by planet-warming gases accrding t the text? A. China. B. Myanmar. C. America. D. Britain.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the effects f planet-warming gases wuld be mst severe fr the prest citizens in sme f the least develped cuntries. ”第四段中的“That includes abut 600 millin peple in Indnesia, Cambdia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Las and ther natins, mainly in Sutheast Asia”可知温室气体对农作物的影响, 对不发达国家最贫困的居民影响最为严重, 包括印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、缅甸、孟加拉国、老挝和其他主要位于东南亚的国家。故选B。
6. Hw is Paragraph 3 mainly develped? A. By cmparisn. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By describing a prcess. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。第三段中通过数据的比较, 让我们了解了温室气体对农作物的影响程度。故选A。
7. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Climate change will be difficult t predict. B. Climate change will lead t mre gd effects. C. Climate change will be harmful t the envirnment. D. Climate change will cause mre unexpected prblems.
【解析】选D。句意猜测题。根据第六段中的“Myers nted that pllutin, lss f sme species, destructin f frests, and ther human activities are likely t prduce unexpected prblems. ”可知Myers认为污染、某些物种的丧失、森林的破坏和其他人类活动可能产生意想不到的问题。出现的这些问题就是Myers提到的更多的意外。故选D。
8. Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t the text? A. Myers said we culd change all the natural systems fr the sake f ur health. B. The prest peple in all the least develped cuntries wuld be influenced mst. C. The researchers grew 18 kinds f rice in China and Japan in a cntrlled envirnment. D. Prtein in rice grwn under high carbn dixide cnditins increased by 10 percent.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds f rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbn dixide gas ver the plants in an effrt t create the atmsphere f the future. ”可知实验是在中国和日本的农田里种植了18种水稻。他们将二氧化碳气体输送到植物上方, 以创造未来的大气。也就是在可控的环境下种植水稻进行实验。
【知识拓展】佳词积累1. nutrientn. 营养素2. cmplexadj. 复杂的3. destructinn. 破坏4. rganismn. 有机体
Ⅱ. 完形填空The Cffee Place I used t believe pliteness was a thing f the past. Very seldm had I met a 1 human being in this mdern age f the s-called Generatin X. Recently, I had t change my 2 , when I came face t face with just such a human being. I had gne t a cffee place, with tw f my grwn-up daughters. The place was crwded with the usual lud crwd and we had t climb the stairs in rder t find a(n) 3 table. After enjying cffee and snacks, we were ging dwn the stairs, where the 4 space made climbing dwn nly pssible in a single 5 , with hardly any space fr anther persn t either climb up r 6 .
Just as I was in the 7 f my ging dwn, a gentleman entered by the main 8 f the cffee place which was in frnt f the staircase. I was sure I wuld be pushed 9 by the man wh wuld want t g up 10 . I kept cming dwn as fast as I culd, 11 n t the bannister (扶手). My daughters were already dwn, lking up at me and hping I wuld reach them befre the 12 started up the stairs.
Nearly reaching them, I nticed the man still standing near the 13 . I reached my daughters and passed him at the entrance dr he 14 hlding pen. I lked back, thinking he was still there trying t 15 whether t g in r find anther less crwded place. But later I saw him ging up the stairs, tw at a time. I tld my daughters abut it and felt bad that we didn’t even thank him wh was actually hlding the dr pen fr us t pass thrugh 16 ging up.
We 17 his thughtfulness. Such 18 peple are hard t find these days when pushing rughly is very 19 in ur advanced but aggressive sciety. Till date, I remember this gentleman and 20 t Gd t make mre human beings like him.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在一家咖啡店见到了一位绅士贴心地帮助她推门的善举, 让她相信很多人还是有礼貌的, 善良的。
1. A. plite B. rude C. clever D. dull【解析】选A。句意: 我过去常常认为礼貌是很久远的东西, 在现代社会我很少遇见过礼貌的人。 plite礼貌的; rude粗鲁的; clever聪明的; dull枯燥的。故选A。
2. A. chiceB. thinking C. lifeD. decisin【解析】选B。句意: 近来, 当我面对面遇到这么一个人的时候, 我不得不改变我的想法。 chice选择; thinking想法, 思考; life生活; decisin决定。故选B。
3. A. cnvenientB. nice C. reservedD. empty【解析】选D。句意: 咖啡馆充满了喧闹的人群, 我们不得不爬楼梯去楼上找个空桌。 cnvenient便利的; nice好的; reserved保留的; empty空的。故选
4. A. wideB. penC. narrwD. large【解析】选C。句意: 喝完咖啡, 吃完甜点, 我们开始下楼, 楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。 wide宽的; pen打开的; narrw狭窄的; large大的。故选C。
5. A. areaB. circleC. secndD. line【解析】选D。句意: 喝完咖啡, 吃完甜点, 我们开始下楼, 楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。 area区域; circle环形; secnd秒; line线, 队。故选D。
6. A. break dwnB. set dwn C. cme dwnD. take dwn【解析】选C。句意: 几乎没有留下任何空间供另一个人上楼或下楼。 break dwn分解, 崩溃; set dwn记下; cme dwn下来; take dwn取下, 拿下。故选C。
7. A. endB. wayC. middleD. aim【解析】选C。句意: 我刚下到一半的时候, 有个绅士从楼梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。 end结束, 结尾; way方式; middle中间; aim目标。故选C。
8. A. entranceB. rm C. hallD. exit【解析】选A。句意: 我刚下到一半的时候, 有个绅士从楼梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。 entrance入口, 进入; rm房间; hall大厅; exit出口。故选A。
9. A. gentlyB. rughly C. casuallyD. plitely【解析】选B。句意: 我确信我一定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。 gently温柔地; rughly粗鲁地; casually随意地; plitely礼貌地。故选B。
10. A. carefullyB. happily C. slwlyD. hurriedly【解析】选D。句意见上题。carefully细心地; happily快乐地; slwly缓慢地; hurriedly匆忙地。故选D。
11. A. hldingB. ging C. dependingD. handling【解析】选A。句意: 我尽可能快地下楼梯, 手紧抓着楼梯扶手。 hlding n坚持, 抓住(不放); ging n 继续; depending n依靠; handling操作, 处理。故选A。
12. A. waiterB. student C. friendD. stranger【解析】选D。句意: 我的女儿已经走下楼梯, 抬头看着我, 希望我能在这个陌生人上楼之前下来。 waiter侍者; student学生; friend朋友; stranger陌生人。故选D。
13. A. tableB. dr C. windwD. cunter【解析】选B。句意: 快赶上我女儿的时候, 我注意到这个男的仍然站在门口。 table桌子; dr门; windw窗户; cunter柜台。故选B。
14. A. stppedB. permitted C. keptD. cnsidered【解析】选C。句意: 我赶上了我的女儿, 从这个人一直开着的门旁走过。 stp停止; permit允许; keep保持; cnsider考虑。故选C。
15. A. decideB. infrm C. persuadeD. discuss【解析】选A。句意: 我回首一看, 认为仍然在那儿的那个人在决定是进去还是找个不那么拥挤的地方。 decide决定; infrm告知; persuade劝说; discuss讨论。故选A。
16. A. after B. when C. befreD. since【解析】选C。句意: 我把这件事告诉女儿, 我感觉很糟, 因为我们没有感谢那位在上楼前一直为我们开门的绅士。 after在……之后; when当……时; befre在……之前; since自从。故选C。
17. A. requiredB. applauded C. thankedD. spread【解析】选B。句意: 我们很赞赏他的体贴。 require要求; applaud赞赏, 鼓掌; thank感谢; spread扩散。故选B。
18. A. well-manneredB. deeply-affected C. ill-educatedD. easily-identified【解析】选A。此处指像这种有礼貌的人很难找了。well-mannered有礼貌的; deeply-affected深受影响的; ill-educated缺乏教育的; easily-identified容易鉴别的。故选A。
19. A. generalB. urgent C. seriusD. cmmn【解析】选D。句意: 在这样一个现代却充满挑衅的社会里, 粗鲁地推挤非常普遍, 但是像这样有礼貌的人却很难找。 general一般的; urgent紧急的; serius严重的; cmmn普通的, 共有的。故选D。
20. A. pintB. pray C. devteD. explain【解析】选B。句意: 直到今天我还记得这个绅士, 祈祷上帝创造更多的这种人吧。 pint指向; pray祈祷; devte致力于, 献身于; explain解释。故选B。
【知识拓展】 词汇积累1. thughtfulness n. 体贴; 考虑周到2. aggressiveadj. 侵略的; 野心勃勃的
Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tday, Munt Qmlangma’s peak is nt a lnely place any mre. Over 3, 500 peple have 1. _________(successful) climbed the muntain ver the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have cmplained abut 2. _________(wait) fr hurs in the bttlenecks.
In fact, the dangerus 3. _________(crwd) aren’t the nly prblem. All thse climbers need 4. _________(bring) a lt f gear(设备), much f which ends up being left n the muntain. It is becming the wrld’s 5. _________(tall) rubbish dump. But the gd news is 6. _________ sme muntaineers have started t clean up Qmlangma. Muntaineers Paul and Eberhard are part f Ec Everest Expeditin, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. S far they 7. _________(cllect) ver 13 tns f garbage.
Sme f that rubbish is even being used fr 8. _________ higher purpse. As part f the Munt Everest 8848 Art Prject, a grup f 15 artists frm Nepal cllected 1. 5 tns f garbage. They’ve changed the cans and xygen tanks int 74 pieces f art that have already been exhibited 9. _________ Nepal’s capital. Part f the prfit frm sales 10. _________(be) available fr the Everest Peakeers Assciatin which has helped cllect rubbish ff the muntain.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。
1. 【解析】successfully。考查副词。分析句子结构可知, 空前的have和空后的climbed构成谓语, 此处应用副词来修饰, 故填successfully。2. 【解析】waiting。考查动名词。此处介词abut之后应用动名词形式, 故填waiting。3. 【解析】crwds。考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerus可知, 空处应用名词形式, crwd“人群”为可数名词, 且句子的谓语aren’t为复数形式, 所以应用复数形式crwds。4. 【解析】t bring。考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备, 故此处用need t d sth. “需要做某事”。
5. 【解析】tallest。考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the wrld’s表述“全世界范围内的”可知, 此处表示最高级的含义, 故用形容词最高级tallest。6. 【解析】that。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知, 此处引导表语从句, 引导词在从句中不充当成分, 仅起连接作用, 故用that引导。7. 【解析】have cllected。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语S far可知, 此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量, 所以应用现在完成时; 又主语they为复数, 故填have cllected。8. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”, 表泛指, 在文中第一次提到, 且higher的发音以辅音音素开头, 故用a。
9. 【解析】in。考查介词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”, 故填in“在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。10. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知, 此处为一般性描述, 应用一般现在时; 该句主语为“Part f the prfit frm sales”, 此处表示单数概念, 应填is。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2021·黄冈模拟) Walls blanketed in mss(苔藓)are ppping up in majr cities, alng with prmises that they can reduce air pllutin—but can a few square metres f plant matter really deal with the smg?
A Berlin-based firm, Green City Slutins, believes s. Its mss walls, called the CityTree, are rughly 4 square metres in size. Armed with Wi-Fi sensrs t mnitr the health f mss, a CityTree functins autnmusly and requires very little maintenance(维护). The wall cllects rainwater, which is pumped thrugh a built-in irrigatin system t the plants, pwered by slar energy. As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able t “eat” arund 250 grams f particulate(颗粒) matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and remves abut 240 metric tns f CO2 annually. It als cls the surrunding air.
Aware that getting the surrunding air in cntact with the mss wall is crucial fr the CityTree t be effective, the inventrs ensure that the lcatin f each installatin (安装) is chsen carefully. Spts where pllutin is heavy due t traffic and where air flw is limited are picked. The imprtance f this step is explained by the fact that the waste gas frm a car generally ges vertically a few kilmetres int the air.
But this desn’t mean mss walls will necessarily prtect peple frm pllutin. In the Netherlands, researchers fund that eight walls installed in Amsterdam failed t reduce the cncentratin f particulate matter (PM) and nitrgen dixide (NO2). Their reprt cncluded that even dubling the number f mss walls wuld d little t imprve their effectiveness.
The CityTree is nt meant fr parks r t substitute fr street trees, but t add greenery t cncrete-heavy spaces where planting is nt an ptin. It’s imprtant t remember that street trees prvide a whle hst f ther benefits, including shelter and habitat fr urban wildlife, shade and cling fr peple n the street, and reductin f urban heat islands.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以号称能够减少空气污染的, 在大城市如雨后春笋般出现的CityTree—苔藓墙是否真的能对付雾霾展开了讨论, 分别从其功能、选址, 以及是否有效发挥作用方面进行了讲述。作者在文末提出个人观点: 苔藓墙并不能够取代公园和街道树木。
1. What d we knw abut the CityTree? A. It can absrb sme air pllutants. B. It can irrigate ther street plants. C. It prduces electricity t cl water. D. It is aimed at saving water in cities.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容: As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able t “eat” arund 250 grams f particulate matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and remves abut 240 metric tns f CO2 annually. 可知每棵“城市树”每天可以“吃”大约250克的颗粒物(每年近90千克), 每年可以消除约240吨的二氧化碳。因此它有吸收一些空气污染物的功能。
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut? A. The imprtance f CityTree. B. The functin f CityTree. C. Hw t perate CityTree. D. Where t place CityTree.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通过阅读可知, 该段首句内容为本段中心主旨句, “Aware that getting the surrunding air in cntact with the mss wall is crucial fr the CityTree t be effective, the inventrs ensure that the lcatin f each installatin is chsen carefully. ( 考虑到让周围的空气与苔藓墙接触对城市树的有效性至关重要, 发明者确保每个装置的位置都是精心选择的。)”可知, 本段主要在讲述苔藓墙的安装位置。
3. Why is the example f Amsterdam mentined in Paragraph 4? A. T shw that CityTree can’t always wrk well. B. T prve that CityTree can reduce air pllutants. C. T emphasize the necessity f building mss walls. D. T analyze the reasns fr the failure f the prgram.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据英文文章的写作特点可知, 举例内容应是对本段主旨要点的支持或例证, 题干中提及举例内容“Amsterdam”紧跟于本段主旨要点之后, 是为了给主旨句例证。结合主旨内容“But this desn’t mean mss walls will necessarily prtect peple frm pllutin. (但这并不意味着苔藓墙一定会保护人们免受污染。)”由此判断出, 该例子是为了证明苔藓墙并不一定会发挥作用。
4. What is the authr’s attitude twards replacing street trees with mss walls? A. Ambiguus. B. Disapprving. C. Supprtive. D. Cautius. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“The CityTree is nt meant fr parks r t substitute fr street trees, but t add greenery t cncrete-heavy spaces where planting is nt an ptin. ( “城市树”并不是为公园设计的, 也不是用来替代街道上的树, 而是为混凝土密集的空间增加绿色植物, 在这些空间里不可以种植植物。)”可推知, 对于用苔藓墙取代街道上的树这种做法, 作者是反对的。
【规律方法】细节理解题解题技巧在阅读理解题中, 有相当一部分题目属于事实或细节题, 特别是直接理解性题目, 比较简单, 只要通读全文, 了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节, 就可以解答出来, 有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案; 另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
B A new study shws that rising levels f planet-warming gases may reduce imprtant nutrients in fd crps.
Researchers studied the effects f ne such gas-carbn dixide-n rice. The researchers grew rice plants in a cntrlled envirnment. They set carbn dixide levels t what scientists are predicting fr ur planet by the end f the century. They fund that the resulting rice crps had lwer than nrmal levels f vitamins, minerals and prtein. The researchers said the effects f planet-warming gases wuld be mst severe fr the prest citizens in sme f the least develped cuntries. These peple generally eat the mst rice and have the least cmplex diets, they nted.
In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds f rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbn dixide gas ver the plants in an effrt t create the atmsphere f the future. Rice grwn under high carbn dixide cnditins had, n average, 13 t 30 percent lwer levels f fur B vitamins and 10 percent less prtein. The crps als had 8 percent less irn and 5 percent less zinc(锌)than rice grwn under nrmal cnditins. Hwever, vitamin E levels increased by abut 13 percent n average.
The results are bad news, “especially fr the nutritin f the prer ppulatin in less-develped cuntries, ” said the University f Tky’s Kazuhik Kbayashi, wh helped t write the reprt. That includes abut 600 millin peple in Indnesia, Cambdia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Las and ther natins, mainly in Sutheast Asia, the reprt said. One f the scientists is Sam Myers f Harvard University in the American state f Massachusetts. He said that findings like this are an example f the surprises climate change create. “My cncern is there are many mre surprises t cme, ” he said.
Myers nted that pllutin, lss f sme species, destructin f frests, and ther human activities are likely t prduce unexpected prblems. He said that yu cannt cmpletely change all the natural systems that living rganisms have grwn t depend n ver millins f years withut having effects cme back t affect ur wn health. The new study suggests a way t lwer the nutritinal harm f climate change. One way, Kbayashi said, is t grw different frms f rice that have shwn t be mre resistant t higher carbn dixide levels.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明, 不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分, 对人们的身体健康造成影响。
5. Which cuntry wuld be influenced mst by planet-warming gases accrding t the text? A. China. B. Myanmar. C. America. D. Britain.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the effects f planet-warming gases wuld be mst severe fr the prest citizens in sme f the least develped cuntries. ”第四段中的“That includes abut 600 millin peple in Indnesia, Cambdia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Las and ther natins, mainly in Sutheast Asia”可知温室气体对农作物的影响, 对不发达国家最贫困的居民影响最为严重, 包括印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、缅甸、孟加拉国、老挝和其他主要位于东南亚的国家。故选B。
6. Hw is Paragraph 3 mainly develped? A. By cmparisn. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By describing a prcess. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。第三段中通过数据的比较, 让我们了解了温室气体对农作物的影响程度。故选A。
7. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Climate change will be difficult t predict. B. Climate change will lead t mre gd effects. C. Climate change will be harmful t the envirnment. D. Climate change will cause mre unexpected prblems.
【解析】选D。句意猜测题。根据第六段中的“Myers nted that pllutin, lss f sme species, destructin f frests, and ther human activities are likely t prduce unexpected prblems. ”可知Myers认为污染、某些物种的丧失、森林的破坏和其他人类活动可能产生意想不到的问题。出现的这些问题就是Myers提到的更多的意外。故选D。
8. Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t the text? A. Myers said we culd change all the natural systems fr the sake f ur health. B. The prest peple in all the least develped cuntries wuld be influenced mst. C. The researchers grew 18 kinds f rice in China and Japan in a cntrlled envirnment. D. Prtein in rice grwn under high carbn dixide cnditins increased by 10 percent.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds f rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbn dixide gas ver the plants in an effrt t create the atmsphere f the future. ”可知实验是在中国和日本的农田里种植了18种水稻。他们将二氧化碳气体输送到植物上方, 以创造未来的大气。也就是在可控的环境下种植水稻进行实验。
【知识拓展】佳词积累1. nutrientn. 营养素2. cmplexadj. 复杂的3. destructinn. 破坏4. rganismn. 有机体
Ⅱ. 完形填空The Cffee Place I used t believe pliteness was a thing f the past. Very seldm had I met a 1 human being in this mdern age f the s-called Generatin X. Recently, I had t change my 2 , when I came face t face with just such a human being. I had gne t a cffee place, with tw f my grwn-up daughters. The place was crwded with the usual lud crwd and we had t climb the stairs in rder t find a(n) 3 table. After enjying cffee and snacks, we were ging dwn the stairs, where the 4 space made climbing dwn nly pssible in a single 5 , with hardly any space fr anther persn t either climb up r 6 .
Just as I was in the 7 f my ging dwn, a gentleman entered by the main 8 f the cffee place which was in frnt f the staircase. I was sure I wuld be pushed 9 by the man wh wuld want t g up 10 . I kept cming dwn as fast as I culd, 11 n t the bannister (扶手). My daughters were already dwn, lking up at me and hping I wuld reach them befre the 12 started up the stairs.
Nearly reaching them, I nticed the man still standing near the 13 . I reached my daughters and passed him at the entrance dr he 14 hlding pen. I lked back, thinking he was still there trying t 15 whether t g in r find anther less crwded place. But later I saw him ging up the stairs, tw at a time. I tld my daughters abut it and felt bad that we didn’t even thank him wh was actually hlding the dr pen fr us t pass thrugh 16 ging up.
We 17 his thughtfulness. Such 18 peple are hard t find these days when pushing rughly is very 19 in ur advanced but aggressive sciety. Till date, I remember this gentleman and 20 t Gd t make mre human beings like him.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在一家咖啡店见到了一位绅士贴心地帮助她推门的善举, 让她相信很多人还是有礼貌的, 善良的。
1. A. plite B. rude C. clever D. dull【解析】选A。句意: 我过去常常认为礼貌是很久远的东西, 在现代社会我很少遇见过礼貌的人。 plite礼貌的; rude粗鲁的; clever聪明的; dull枯燥的。故选A。
2. A. chiceB. thinking C. lifeD. decisin【解析】选B。句意: 近来, 当我面对面遇到这么一个人的时候, 我不得不改变我的想法。 chice选择; thinking想法, 思考; life生活; decisin决定。故选B。
3. A. cnvenientB. nice C. reservedD. empty【解析】选D。句意: 咖啡馆充满了喧闹的人群, 我们不得不爬楼梯去楼上找个空桌。 cnvenient便利的; nice好的; reserved保留的; empty空的。故选
4. A. wideB. penC. narrwD. large【解析】选C。句意: 喝完咖啡, 吃完甜点, 我们开始下楼, 楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。 wide宽的; pen打开的; narrw狭窄的; large大的。故选C。
5. A. areaB. circleC. secndD. line【解析】选D。句意: 喝完咖啡, 吃完甜点, 我们开始下楼, 楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。 area区域; circle环形; secnd秒; line线, 队。故选D。
6. A. break dwnB. set dwn C. cme dwnD. take dwn【解析】选C。句意: 几乎没有留下任何空间供另一个人上楼或下楼。 break dwn分解, 崩溃; set dwn记下; cme dwn下来; take dwn取下, 拿下。故选C。
7. A. endB. wayC. middleD. aim【解析】选C。句意: 我刚下到一半的时候, 有个绅士从楼梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。 end结束, 结尾; way方式; middle中间; aim目标。故选C。
8. A. entranceB. rm C. hallD. exit【解析】选A。句意: 我刚下到一半的时候, 有个绅士从楼梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。 entrance入口, 进入; rm房间; hall大厅; exit出口。故选A。
9. A. gentlyB. rughly C. casuallyD. plitely【解析】选B。句意: 我确信我一定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。 gently温柔地; rughly粗鲁地; casually随意地; plitely礼貌地。故选B。
10. A. carefullyB. happily C. slwlyD. hurriedly【解析】选D。句意见上题。carefully细心地; happily快乐地; slwly缓慢地; hurriedly匆忙地。故选D。
11. A. hldingB. ging C. dependingD. handling【解析】选A。句意: 我尽可能快地下楼梯, 手紧抓着楼梯扶手。 hlding n坚持, 抓住(不放); ging n 继续; depending n依靠; handling操作, 处理。故选A。
12. A. waiterB. student C. friendD. stranger【解析】选D。句意: 我的女儿已经走下楼梯, 抬头看着我, 希望我能在这个陌生人上楼之前下来。 waiter侍者; student学生; friend朋友; stranger陌生人。故选D。
13. A. tableB. dr C. windwD. cunter【解析】选B。句意: 快赶上我女儿的时候, 我注意到这个男的仍然站在门口。 table桌子; dr门; windw窗户; cunter柜台。故选B。
14. A. stppedB. permitted C. keptD. cnsidered【解析】选C。句意: 我赶上了我的女儿, 从这个人一直开着的门旁走过。 stp停止; permit允许; keep保持; cnsider考虑。故选C。
15. A. decideB. infrm C. persuadeD. discuss【解析】选A。句意: 我回首一看, 认为仍然在那儿的那个人在决定是进去还是找个不那么拥挤的地方。 decide决定; infrm告知; persuade劝说; discuss讨论。故选A。
16. A. after B. when C. befreD. since【解析】选C。句意: 我把这件事告诉女儿, 我感觉很糟, 因为我们没有感谢那位在上楼前一直为我们开门的绅士。 after在……之后; when当……时; befre在……之前; since自从。故选C。
17. A. requiredB. applauded C. thankedD. spread【解析】选B。句意: 我们很赞赏他的体贴。 require要求; applaud赞赏, 鼓掌; thank感谢; spread扩散。故选B。
18. A. well-manneredB. deeply-affected C. ill-educatedD. easily-identified【解析】选A。此处指像这种有礼貌的人很难找了。well-mannered有礼貌的; deeply-affected深受影响的; ill-educated缺乏教育的; easily-identified容易鉴别的。故选A。
19. A. generalB. urgent C. seriusD. cmmn【解析】选D。句意: 在这样一个现代却充满挑衅的社会里, 粗鲁地推挤非常普遍, 但是像这样有礼貌的人却很难找。 general一般的; urgent紧急的; serius严重的; cmmn普通的, 共有的。故选D。
20. A. pintB. pray C. devteD. explain【解析】选B。句意: 直到今天我还记得这个绅士, 祈祷上帝创造更多的这种人吧。 pint指向; pray祈祷; devte致力于, 献身于; explain解释。故选B。
【知识拓展】 词汇积累1. thughtfulness n. 体贴; 考虑周到2. aggressiveadj. 侵略的; 野心勃勃的
Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tday, Munt Qmlangma’s peak is nt a lnely place any mre. Over 3, 500 peple have 1. _________(successful) climbed the muntain ver the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have cmplained abut 2. _________(wait) fr hurs in the bttlenecks.
In fact, the dangerus 3. _________(crwd) aren’t the nly prblem. All thse climbers need 4. _________(bring) a lt f gear(设备), much f which ends up being left n the muntain. It is becming the wrld’s 5. _________(tall) rubbish dump. But the gd news is 6. _________ sme muntaineers have started t clean up Qmlangma. Muntaineers Paul and Eberhard are part f Ec Everest Expeditin, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. S far they 7. _________(cllect) ver 13 tns f garbage.
Sme f that rubbish is even being used fr 8. _________ higher purpse. As part f the Munt Everest 8848 Art Prject, a grup f 15 artists frm Nepal cllected 1. 5 tns f garbage. They’ve changed the cans and xygen tanks int 74 pieces f art that have already been exhibited 9. _________ Nepal’s capital. Part f the prfit frm sales 10. _________(be) available fr the Everest Peakeers Assciatin which has helped cllect rubbish ff the muntain.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。
1. 【解析】successfully。考查副词。分析句子结构可知, 空前的have和空后的climbed构成谓语, 此处应用副词来修饰, 故填successfully。2. 【解析】waiting。考查动名词。此处介词abut之后应用动名词形式, 故填waiting。3. 【解析】crwds。考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerus可知, 空处应用名词形式, crwd“人群”为可数名词, 且句子的谓语aren’t为复数形式, 所以应用复数形式crwds。4. 【解析】t bring。考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备, 故此处用need t d sth. “需要做某事”。
5. 【解析】tallest。考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the wrld’s表述“全世界范围内的”可知, 此处表示最高级的含义, 故用形容词最高级tallest。6. 【解析】that。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知, 此处引导表语从句, 引导词在从句中不充当成分, 仅起连接作用, 故用that引导。7. 【解析】have cllected。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语S far可知, 此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量, 所以应用现在完成时; 又主语they为复数, 故填have cllected。8. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”, 表泛指, 在文中第一次提到, 且higher的发音以辅音音素开头, 故用a。
9. 【解析】in。考查介词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”, 故填in“在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。10. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知, 此处为一般性描述, 应用一般现在时; 该句主语为“Part f the prfit frm sales”, 此处表示单数概念, 应填is。
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